1 Europe and the Americas Globalization continues!
1
Europe and the Americas
Globalization continues!
2
MISUNDERSTANDINGS!
• Concept of LAND OWNERSHIP between conquistadors and Native Americans• RELIGION: monotheism vs. polytheism• Gender roles/family structure• Disease plays a role
3
Cortes and Aztecs• Hernan Cortes “plays dirty” and gains alliances• Moctezuma thought Europeans might be a godking, sent him gold• Forced Moctezuma to hand over his empire and gold, ruined Tenochtitlan and built Mexico City on its remains
4
Pizarro and Inca• More gold than Aztecs! • Atahualpa captured, Spaniards demanded ransom, Atahualpa paid but still murdered!• Effects of conquistadors?• Goods, silver mines, etc. made Spain wealthiest nation in Europe• Many Native Americans converted to Christianity• Some Native Americans tried to preserve their culture
5
How did Spain rule their new empire?
• Viceroys: representatives/ “governors”• Role of the Catholic Church in maintaining order• Controlled trade: ONLY to Spain!• Encomienda system of forced labor• Some spoke out! Bartolome de Las Casas• Brought slaves from Africa• Cultural blending: mixture of Native, African, and Christian beliefs, food, music, etc. • Peninsulares, creoles, mestizos and mulattoes• Privateers posed a problem for Spain!
6
The Atlantic Slave Trade• Triangular Trade makes Europeans very wealthy, but DECIMATES Native and African populations and empires• The Middle Passage: taken from inland villages, forced to march, boarded “floating coffins,” suicide more common than mutiny. Estimated 11 MILLION AFRICANS brought to this hemisphere through brutal Middle Passage! (2 million most likely died on the way!)
7
The Middle Passage
8
The Middle Passage
9
The Triangular Trade
10
Effects of Global Contact• Columbian Exchange: Corn and potatoes, plants and animals, migration of millions of people and ideas, too! See pages 134135 for full effects!• Commercial Revolution: first inflation hurt European markets, so capitalism and entrepreneurs tried to stabilize markets. • Changed European economies into international trading systems• MERCANTILISM: export more goods than you import. Colonies are perfect for this!• Impose tariffs!• Increased RIVALRIES among European Countries• Total decimation of peoples in African citystates and Native American cultures L
11