Europe and Europe and Russia Russia Part 3 Part 3 The Middle Ages The Middle Ages
Jan 18, 2016
Europe and Europe and RussiaRussia
Part 3Part 3The Middle AgesThe Middle Ages
The Middle AgesThe Middle Ages
After the collapse of the Roman Empire, After the collapse of the Roman Empire, much of Europe entered the much of Europe entered the MIDDLE MIDDLE AGESAGES – a time where knowledge and – a time where knowledge and learning decreased.learning decreased.
Over time, most of Europe broke up into Over time, most of Europe broke up into many different kingdoms.many different kingdoms.
Most people were poor and uneducated.Most people were poor and uneducated. Under a system called Under a system called FEUDALISMFEUDALISM, Lords , Lords
and Nobles along with the Catholic Church and Nobles along with the Catholic Church dominated life.dominated life.
The exact dates of the Middle Ages are up The exact dates of the Middle Ages are up for debate. Many historians think they run for debate. Many historians think they run roughly from the fall of Rome in 476 AD, to roughly from the fall of Rome in 476 AD, to the end of the Renaissance and beginning the end of the Renaissance and beginning of the Protestant Reformation in the early of the Protestant Reformation in the early 1500s—approximately 1,000 years.1500s—approximately 1,000 years.
The Middle Ages are sometimes broken The Middle Ages are sometimes broken down into three smaller time frames.down into three smaller time frames.– The Early Middle AgesThe Early Middle Ages– The High Middle AgesThe High Middle Ages– The Late Middle AgesThe Late Middle Ages
The Early Middle AgesThe Early Middle Ages
Of the three periods, this one is sometimes called the DARK AGES. It runs from the 5th century to the 10th
century, and saw the aftermath of the fall of Rome, and more invasions from outside forces such as Germanic tribes
and the Vikings. Western Europe’s population fell, and trade declined.
At this time, the Islamic movement began At this time, the Islamic movement began on the Arabian Peninsula, and started to on the Arabian Peninsula, and started to
spread into former Roman lands.spread into former Roman lands.
Charles MartelCharles Martela.k.a.a.k.a.
Charles the HammerCharles the Hammer
“The Hammer” has gone down in history for being the leader
who stopped the advance of invading
Muslim forces in France, therefore helping Europe to remain Christian.
The Battle of Tours – 732The Battle of Tours – 732
The High Middle AgesThe High Middle Ages
This time period lasted from the 11th century to the end of the 13th century.
It saw a rebound in Europe’s population, military expansion, and
the spread of Christianity. There was also an increase in ENCASTELLATION , or the number of castles being built for defensive purposes, and control
over the local population.
Many Castles Remain Throughout Many Castles Remain Throughout EuropeEurope
Germany Slovenia Scotland England
Czech Rep. Romania Ireland France
The CrusadesThe Crusades
In the 1000s, many Western and In the 1000s, many Western and Eastern Europeans wanted to take Eastern Europeans wanted to take the city of Jerusalem and the “Holy the city of Jerusalem and the “Holy Land” back from the Muslims.Land” back from the Muslims.
Christians from all over Europe Christians from all over Europe gathered to fight the gathered to fight the CRUSADESCRUSADES which were fought between 1095 which were fought between 1095 and 1291.and 1291.
The Crusades were a series of wars fought to retake Jerusalem and the Holy Land.
During and after the Crusades were During and after the Crusades were over, Europeans were exposed to new over, Europeans were exposed to new goods, which were brought home with goods, which were brought home with
them. Clothing made from silk and them. Clothing made from silk and cotton was introduced. New food cotton was introduced. New food
items like oranges, lemons, dates, etc. items like oranges, lemons, dates, etc. were introduced. Spices such as were introduced. Spices such as
pepper and cinnamon, livened up the pepper and cinnamon, livened up the food Europeans were eating. The food Europeans were eating. The desire for products like these and desire for products like these and
many others, directly led to Europeans many others, directly led to Europeans traveling and trading more often.traveling and trading more often.
Marco Polo and the journeys of his Marco Polo and the journeys of his relatives.relatives.
Italian cities Italian cities such as such as
Venice and Venice and Genoa were Genoa were
major major centers of centers of trade, and trade, and
became became very very
wealthy.wealthy.
The Late Middle AgesThe Late Middle Ages
This time period covers approximately the 14th and 15th centuries. It is noted for being a time when Europe’s growth and progress slowed down. It was also a time of famine and disease which killed off anywhere from 1/3 to 1/2 of Europe’s population. Despite
these problems, there was a renewed interest in what the Greeks and Romans had done, and there was progress in the
area of arts and sciences.
Europe in 1328Europe in 1328
The The Black Black Death Death spread spread rapidly rapidly
between between 1348 1348 and and
1350.1350.
Could a massive plague return?Could a massive plague return?
In the 1300s Europe went through the In the 1300s Europe went through the RENAISSANCERENAISSANCE or rebirth of learning and or rebirth of learning and the arts.the arts.
The influences of Greek and Roman culture The influences of Greek and Roman culture came back.came back.
Writers described human feelings, artists Writers described human feelings, artists created lifelike paintings and sculptures, created lifelike paintings and sculptures, and architects designed nonreligious and architects designed nonreligious buildings.buildings.
The RenaissanceThe Renaissance
The Renaissance started in Italy, and The Renaissance started in Italy, and occurred from the 1300s – 1600s.occurred from the 1300s – 1600s.
The Last SupperThe Last Supper
TheTheMona LisaMona Lisa
is consideredis considereda a
masterpiece masterpiece of the of the
Renaissance.Renaissance.
In 1054, the Great In 1054, the Great Schism took place, Schism took place,
dividing dividing Christianity into a Christianity into a Western Branch Western Branch
(Roman (Roman Catholicism), and Catholicism), and an Eastern Branch an Eastern Branch
(Eastern (Eastern Orthodoxy). The Orthodoxy). The divide occurred divide occurred
for 5 main for 5 main reasons:reasons:
*Doctrine*Doctrine*Theology*Theology*Language*Language*Politics*Politics
*Geography*Geography
The Break Up of ChristianityThe Break Up of Christianity
The ReformationThe Reformation
For nearly a thousand years, the Catholic For nearly a thousand years, the Catholic church had dominated life in Western church had dominated life in Western Europe.Europe.
Some people began to question the power Some people began to question the power and authority of the Church, and wanted to and authority of the Church, and wanted to “reform” it.“reform” it.
Protests against the church, led to Protests against the church, led to PROTESTANTPROTESTANT churches beginning to churches beginning to flourish in parts of Europe.flourish in parts of Europe.
Martin Luther and his 95 Theses, Martin Luther and his 95 Theses, or questions for the Church.or questions for the Church.
After the After the ReformatioReformatio
n, large n, large numbers of numbers of Europeans Europeans
joined joined other other
Christian Christian sects.sects.