Europa Lander: Europa Lander: mission concept and mission concept and scientific goals scientific goals L. Zelenyi, O. Korablev, M. Martynov, E. Akim, A. L. Zelenyi, O. Korablev, M. Martynov, E. Akim, A. Basilevsky, N. Eismont, A. Fedorova, V. Galchenko, M. Basilevsky, N. Eismont, A. Fedorova, V. Galchenko, M. Gerasimov, O. Kozlov, L. Ksanfomality, I. Lomakin, G. Gerasimov, O. Kozlov, L. Ksanfomality, I. Lomakin, G. Managadze, M. Podzolko, G. Popov, A. Simonov, A. Managadze, M. Podzolko, G. Popov, A. Simonov, A. Sukhanov, E. Vorobyova, Yu. Agafonov, O. Prieto- Sukhanov, E. Vorobyova, Yu. Agafonov, O. Prieto- Ballesteros, M. Blanc, J.P. Lebreton, R. Pappalardo Ballesteros, M. Blanc, J.P. Lebreton, R. Pappalardo and the Europa Lander Team and the Europa Lander Team IKI, NPOL, Keldysh Inst., Vernadsky Inst., Winogradsky IKI, NPOL, Keldysh Inst., Vernadsky Inst., Winogradsky Inst., Skobeltsyn Inst. MSU, NII PME, Soil faculty Inst., Skobeltsyn Inst. MSU, NII PME, Soil faculty MSU, Centro Astrobiologica INTA, ESA ESTEC, Ecole MSU, Centro Astrobiologica INTA, ESA ESTEC, Ecole Polytechnique, JPL. Polytechnique, JPL. 1M-SSS 12 October 2010
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Europa Lander: mission Europa Lander: mission concept and scientific goalsconcept and scientific goals
L. Zelenyi, O. Korablev, M. Martynov, E. Akim, A. Basilevsky, N. L. Zelenyi, O. Korablev, M. Martynov, E. Akim, A. Basilevsky, N. Eismont, A. Fedorova, V. Galchenko, M. Gerasimov, O. Kozlov, L. Eismont, A. Fedorova, V. Galchenko, M. Gerasimov, O. Kozlov, L.
Ksanfomality, I. Lomakin, G. Managadze, M. Podzolko, G. Popov, A. Ksanfomality, I. Lomakin, G. Managadze, M. Podzolko, G. Popov, A. Simonov, A. Sukhanov, E. Vorobyova, Yu. Agafonov, O. Prieto-Simonov, A. Sukhanov, E. Vorobyova, Yu. Agafonov, O. Prieto-
Ballesteros, M. Blanc, J.P. Lebreton, R. Pappalardo and the Europa Ballesteros, M. Blanc, J.P. Lebreton, R. Pappalardo and the Europa Lander Team Lander Team
IKI, NPOL, Keldysh Inst., Vernadsky Inst., Winogradsky Inst., Skobeltsyn IKI, NPOL, Keldysh Inst., Vernadsky Inst., Winogradsky Inst., Skobeltsyn Inst. MSU, NII PME, Soil faculty MSU, Centro Astrobiologica INTA, ESA Inst. MSU, NII PME, Soil faculty MSU, Centro Astrobiologica INTA, ESA
• Proton/Breeze-M launch (target date 2020, as in the project of Federal Space Programme)
• Electric propulsion transport module (separation in the vicinity of Jupiter)
• Using Earth, Jupiter and Galilean satellites gravity assist maneuvers
• Multiple fly-bys of Ganimede, Callisto and Europa;
• Final circular orbit around Europa with a height of 100 km;
• Separation of the Landing module and landing. Europa orbiter and supports telecommunication. Optional TM relay via NASA JEO or directly to Earth via VLBI.
On the surface of Europa the radiation dose might be 20% of the dose on the orbit around Europa
Landing site and radiation dose• Ideal landing site:
– A place where the subsurface (the ocean) has communicated with the surface
– Relatively young/unaltered by radiation processing, impact bombardment, etc.
– Relatively flat and/or smooth
• The smaller is the size of landing ellipse the more sites are available for landing
• Radiation dose is substantially different for different sites
GeologyCastalia Macula: View from northwest
Conamara Chaos
Europa Lander Science: Some Conclusions from the ELW 2009
• Search for life on Europa, or signatures of life (metabolism) is the main appeal of the Europa Lander mission
• Putative biota on Europa should be very rarified; sample preparation and concentration is required
• Sample acquisition is critical: even shallow subsurface access is challenging, though absolutely needed for life detection experiments
• Biology-driven experiments should provide valuable information regardless of the biology results (space exploration need not and cannot be hypothesis testing)
• Establishing geophysical and chemical context of the environment is critical
• Lander is to provide ground truth for remote measurements and enhance the detection limits
Measurements at the surface of Europa and access to the subsurface
• Mission included in the project of Federal Space Programme • (Target launch date 2020-2021)
• Launch: Proton + Breese-M, or equivalent heavy launcher (Angara…) • Mission Profile:
– Transfer to Jupiter with Earth fly-by– Jupiter maneuver; multiple fly-bys of Ganimede, Callisto and Europa; Orbiting
Europa (overall duration of 6.5-7 years)– Landing onto Europa surface, analysis of surface, and, possible shell subsurface
material.– Data link via orbital spacecraft; limited direct radiolink to the Earth possible using
advanced VLBI
• Recurrent technical solutions– Orbital module, and Cruise module: Phobos SR (major modifications)– Landing module Luna-Resource (planned launch date 2013 ,– major technology developments)
• International context:– Europa Lander mission will be parallel to NASA/ESA EJSM-Laplace. NASA– EJSM Europa Orbiter data might be used for the choice of the landing sites