EURO Super Beam studies (WP2) 15/05/2012 M. Dracos 1 Marcos Dracos IPHC-IN2P3/CNRS, Strasbourg (on behalf of EUROν WP2)
Dec 31, 2015
EURO Super Beam studies
(WP2)
15/05/2012 M. Dracos 1
Marcos DracosIPHC-IN2P3/CNRS, Strasbourg
(on behalf of EUROν WP2)
Super Beam: conventional Super Beam: conventional MW power neutrino beamMW power neutrino beam
15/05/2012 M. Dracos 2
SPL (4-5 GeV, 4 MW)
Target
~300 MeV beam to far detector
decay tunnel
Accumulatorring
Magnetichorn capture(collector)
proton driver
hadrons
p (50 Hz)SPL Super Beam
p Decay tunnel
proton beam
target
hadrons
hadron collector(focusing)
Detector
physics
Neutrino Super Beam from HP-SPL
15/05/2012 M. Dracos 3
SPL proton kinetic energy: ~4 GeV
Neutrino energy: ~300 MeV
p(
e
)
distance (km)
~130 km
m2sun=7.7x10-5 eV2
m2atm=2.4x10-3 eV2
23=45°13=10°CP=0
LAGUNA DS
Combination of Super Beam with Combination of Super Beam with Beta BeamBeta Beam
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2 beams
1 detector
2 beams
1 detector
Super BeamBeta Beam (~100)
combination of CP and T violation tests
Bonus: the unoscillated neutrinos of one facility can be used to well study the efficiencies of the other one
similar spectrum
WP2 activitiesWP2 activities
15/05/2012 M. Dracos 5
• Beam simulation and optimization, physics sensitivities
• Beam/target interface• Target and target station design• Horn design• Target/horn integration• Cost• Safety
The WP2 teamThe WP2 team• Cracow University of Technology• STFC RAL• IPHC Strasbourg• Irfu-SPP, CEA Saclay• external partners
E. Baussan, O. Besida, C. Bobeth, O. Caretta, P. Cupial, T. Davenne, C. Densham, M. Dracos, M. Fitton, G. Gaudiot, M. Kozien, B. Lepers, A. Longhin, P. Loveridge, F. Osswald, P. Poussot, M. Rooney, B. Skoczen, G. Vasseur, N. Vassilopoulos, A. Wroblewski, J. Wurtz, V. Zeter, M. Zito
Technological ChallengeTechnological Challenge
15/05/2012 M. Dracos 7
• Can we conceive a neutrino beam based on a multi-MW proton beam ?
• Can we design a target for a multi-MW proton beam ?• Can we do it with a reliable design without compromising
the physics reach ?• Target
• huge energy deposition (300-1000 J/cm3/pulse)• Severe problems from: sudden heating, stress,
activation• Solid versus liquid targets• cooling
• Horn• cooling• vibrations• pulser (up to 350 kA, 50 Hz)
• Safety• Lifetime (supposed to run for 10 years)
Evolution of the system
15/05/2012 M. Dracos 8
~300-350 kA
112
cm
230 cm
simpler optimized shape with reduced current!
Hg target solid target
horn+reflector
initial design
final design
solid target
How to mitigate the power effect
15/05/2012 M. Dracos 9
4 target/horn system (4x4 m2) with single decay tunnel (~25 m)
solid targets able to afford up to ~1.5 MW proton beam
•send 4 MW/system every 50/4 Hz• in case of failure of one horn/target,
continue with the 3 remaining ones sharing the 4 MW power
more expensive but more reliable system
we get rid of Hg, but what about particle production?
p
Comparison Mercury/Carbon
• neutrino intensity is higher with graphite• neutrino contamination is lower• high energy tail for graphite is more important
15/05/2012 10M. Dracos
neutrino productiongraphite target must be longer (76 cm,2 interaction lengths)
neutron flux dramatically reduced wrt Hg! (~ x15)
Released power:•Hg: ~ 1 - 0.6 MW•C : ~ 0.8 - 0.1 MW•lower for graphite !
Graphite Mercury
The Bonus…
15/05/2012 11M. Dracos
carbonmercury
neutron production
From Liquid to Solid From Liquid to Solid TargetsTargets
15/05/2012 M. Dracos 12
Protons
Current of 300 kA
To decay channel
Hg Target B1/R
B = 0
cooling system
Free mercury jet
Packed bed canister in symmetrical transverse flow configuration, titanium alloy spheres
0 (MPa) 220 (MPa)
Beryllium or Graphitecylinder
pencil like Beryllium target
Solid TargetSolid Target
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Packed bed canister in symmetrical transverse flow configuration (titanium alloy spheres)
Helium Flow
Helium VelocityMaximum flow velocity =
202m/sMaximum Mach Number < 0.2
Helium Gas TemperatureTotal helium mass flow = 93
gr/sMaximum Helium temperature
= 584°CHelium average outlet
Temperature = 109°C
First tests with beam in the new HiRadMat@SPS facility at CERN in 2014
Studies on hornStudies on horn
15/05/2012 M. Dracos 14Eigen frequency studies
Horn displacement (max. 1.2 mm)
strip lines
cooling tubes
4-Horn system4-Horn system
15/05/2012 M. Dracos 15Displacement studies
supporting structure
Layout
15/05/2012 16M. Dracos
dec
ay t
un
nel
(25
m)
spare area
beam
target/horn station
shielding
horn power supply and electronics
gallery
hot cell
Control Room
Office Space
Delivery Access
Hot cell operator
room
Power supply room
Horns and collimator
s
Truck unloading area
Beam Direction
Hot cell
Morgue
Pump Hous
e
Main Hall
Ground Level
Ground Level
Crane
Beam dump
building here
T2K like installation
Layout
15/05/2012 17M. Dracos
Control Room
Office SpaceDelivery Access
Hot cell operator room
Power supply room
Horns and collimators
Truck unloading area
Beam Direction
Hot cell
Morgue
Pump House
Main Hall
Ground Level
Ground Level
Crane
Beam dump building here
Radiation Studies
15/05/2012 18M. Dracos
Ptot=3.4 MWvertical view
Helium Vessel + Iron Plates
Upstream Iron Shield
Graphite Beam Dump
4m x 4m x 3.2m
Outer Iron Shield
beam dump 780 kW
Graphite blocks, helium conduction across 2 mm gaps, Tmax = 575 °C, tensile stress < 1.56 MPa
Hg
Safety and Activation studies
15/05/2012 19M. Dracos
after 1 day after 1 week
after 1 month after 6 months
around the target station after 200 running days (1 year)
15/05/2012 M. Dracos 20
Power Supply for horn pulsingPower Supply for horn pulsing(another challenge)(another challenge)
8
MODULES
► For each HORN : current of 350kA max at 12.5HZ
► each MODULE delivers a current of 44kA max at F=50HZ
•energy recuperation (>90%) and reinjection•lifetime > 13 Bcycles (10 years, 200 days/year)
4-proton lines
15/05/2012 21M. Dracosp
K1K2
D1
T1
T3
T2
T4
D3D4
D2
Energy 4-5 GeV
Beam Power 4 MW
Proton per pulse 1.1 x 10+14
Rep. rate 50 Hz
Pulse duration 3.2 μs
Beam shape Gaussian
Emittances rms 3π mm mrad**
4 mmSigma
3.2 μsPulse duration
12.5 HzRep. rate
GaussianBeam shape
1.5 cmTarget radius
78 cmTarget length
4 mmSigma
3.2 μsPulse duration
12.5 HzRep. rate
GaussianBeam shape
1.5 cmTarget radius
78 cmTarget length
Beam rigidity:16.16 T.m (4 GeV)17.85 T.m (4.5 GeV)
Zmin= 0.00 m Zmax= 40.00 m Xmax= 40.0 cm Ymax= 40.0 cm Ap * 1.00 Fri Mar 09 10:59:03 2012
K1
D1
QUAD
QUAD
QUAD
D DDD
Elian Kickers
Zmin= 0.00 m Zmax= 40.00 m Xmax= 40.0 cm Ymax= 40.0 cm Ap * 1.00 Fri Mar 09 10:59:03 2012
K1
D1
QUAD
QUAD
QUAD
D DDD
Elian Kickers
Kicker Dipole
z (m)20
QP1 QP2 QP3
x (cm)
y (cm)
32
16
24
08
0
16
24
32
08
Configuration 3: K-D-Q-Q-Q-T
15/05/2012 M. Dracos 22
Neutrino Spectra
horn on/off
neutrinos anti-neutrinos
15/05/2012 M. Dracos 23
Physics Performance
better results with the new horn geometry and target
➟very promising (baseline)
final design
15/05/2012 M. Dracos 24
Physics Performance
sin22θ13 = 0.1arXiv:1203.5651v1
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Physics Performance
arXiv:1110.4583
• SPL-1: CERN to Fréjus (130 km)• SPL-2: CERN to Canfranc (650 km)
1 Mton WC detector (440 kton fiducial), 5% syst.
sgn Δm2
15/05/2012 M. Dracos 26
Mass HierarchyMass HierarchyarXiv:hep-ph/0603172v3
• solid line: LBL+atm.• dashed line: LBL
For sin22θ13 = 0.1, it is quite likely that with ~Mt yr atm neutrinodata from a WC detector we will determine the hierarchy (T. Schwetz)
HP-SPL Super Beam at CERNHP-SPL Super Beam at CERN
15/05/2012 M. Dracos 27
near detector
After EUROAfter EURO
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• R&D is needed for:– target
– horn
– horn pulsing system
• When?– next relevant EU call (Horizon2020)?
ConclusionsConclusions
15/05/2012 M. Dracos 29
• The SPL to Fréjus Super Beam project is under study in FP7 EUROnu WP2:– Conventional technology– Many synergies with other projects– Very competitive CP sensitivity
• Work in EURO:– physics performance has been improved.
– the proposed system is now feasible and reliable
• We have started freezing all elements of this facility.
• Cost estimation very soon.
• The physics potential of this project is very high (also for astrophysics) especially in case of SB/BB combination.
• R&D is needed.
EndEnd
15/05/2012 M. Dracos 30
HP-SPL for Neutrino BeamsHP-SPL for Neutrino Beams
15/05/2012 M. Dracos 31
HH- - sourcesource RFQRFQ chopperchopper DTLDTL CCDTLCCDTL PIMSPIMS
3 MeV 50 MeV 102 MeV
352.2 MHz
β=0.65β=0.65 β=1.0β=1.0
643 MeV 5 GeV
704.4 MHz
160 MeVLinac4 (160 MeV) SC-linac (4 MW, 5 GeV)
SPS
PS2
SPL
Linac 4
PS
ISOLDE
T= 2.2 GeVIDC = 13 mA (during the pulse)IBunch= 22 mA3.85 108 protons/bunchlb(total) = 44 ps*H,V=0.6 m r.m.s
(140 + 6 empty)per turn
845 turns( 5 140 845 bunches per pulse)
no beam
2.8 ms
20 ms
140 bunches
20 ms
3.2 s
Charge exchangeinjection
845 turns
PROTON ACCUMULATORTREV = 3.316 s
(1168 periods @ 352.2 MHz)
1 ns rms(on target)
22.7 ns
TARGET
H+140 bunches1.62 1012 protons/bunchlb(rms) = 1 ns (on target)
Fast ejection
KICKER20 ms
3.3 slb(total) = 0.5 ns
DRIFT SPACE+
DEBUNCHER
H-
11.4 ns
22.7 ns
5bunches
Fast injection(1 turn)
BUNCH COMPRESSORTREV = 3.316 s
(1168 periods @ 352.2 MHz)
BUNCHROTATIONRF (h=146)
Fast ejection
RF (h=146)
3 emptybuckets
17.2 ms
+ accumulator (and compressor for NF)under construction(high power already foreseen)
• CDR for 2.2 and 3.5 GeV HP-SPL already published (CERN 2000-012, CERN 2006-006)
15/05/2012 M. Dracos 32
The MEMPHYS ProjectThe MEMPHYS Project(within FP7 LAGUNA DS)(within FP7 LAGUNA DS)
Mainly to study:
•Proton Decay (GUT)
• up to ~1035 years lifetime
•Neutrino properties and Astrophysics
• Supernovae (burst + "relics")
• Solar neutrinos
• Atmospheric neutrinos
• Geoneutrinos
• neutrinos from accelerators (Super Beam, Beta Beam)
Water Cerenkov Detector with total fiducial mass: 440 kt:•3 Cylindrical modules 65x65 m•Readout: 3x81k 12” PMTs, 30% geom. cover.(#PEs =40% cov. with 20” PMTs).
Water Cerenkov Detector with total fiducial mass: 440 kt:•3 Cylindrical modules 65x65 m•Readout: 3x81k 12” PMTs, 30% geom. cover.(#PEs =40% cov. with 20” PMTs).
(arXiv: hep-ex/0607026)
15/05/2012 M. Dracos 33
Physics Performance
P. Huber
Enrique Fernandez-Martinez
sin22θ13 = 0.1