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EuroEuro--MéditerraneanMéditerranean Symposium Symposium --
Working Group 2Working Group 2GeohazardsGeohazards : earthquakes,
slope : earthquakes, slope unstabilitiesunstabilities, tsunamis,
coastal erosion, tsunamis, coastal erosion
Agenda, November 20th, 15h00 Agenda, November 20th, 15h00 ––
18h3018h30ChairChair : : KarimKarim YellesYelles (CRAAG,
Algeria)(CRAAG, Algeria)ConvenerConvener : Louis : Louis GéliGéli
(Ifremer, France) (Ifremer, France) Report : Pol Guennoc (BRGM,
France)Report : Pol Guennoc (BRGM, France)
Introduction Introduction -- KarimKarim Yelles Yelles The
EuroThe Euro--MéditerraneanMéditerranean Seismological
Seismological CenterCenter : an original organization for the
coordination : an original organization for the coordination and
federation of the seismological community, Gilles and federation of
the seismological community, Gilles MazetMazet--Roux
(CSEM/EMSC)Roux (CSEM/EMSC)Tsunami hazardsTsunami hazards in the
Northin the North--Eastern Atlantic, Mediterranean and adjacent
seas, Miguel Eastern Atlantic, Mediterranean and adjacent seas,
Miguel Miranda (Miranda (FaculdadeFaculdade de de CienciasCiencias,
, UniversidadeUniversidade de de LisboaLisboa))Submarine
landslides, slope Submarine landslides, slope
unstabilitiesunstabilities and catastrophic events. The importance
of and catastrophic events. The importance of seafloor seafloor
mappingmapping and imaging. Francesco and imaging. Francesco
ChiocciChiocci ((UniversitàUniversità La La SapienzaSapienza,
Roma), Roma)The The PrismePrisme ProgrammeProgramme : : a case
studya case study, Bruno , Bruno SavoyeSavoye
((IfremerIfremer))Erosion Erosion ProcessesProcesses, Nicole ,
Nicole Lenôtre Lenôtre (BRGM) & (BRGM) & BouchtaBouchta El
El MoumniMoumni (Université de Tanger)(Université de
Tanger)Seafloor observatoriesSeafloor observatories : an essential
tool for : an essential tool for geohazardgeohazard assessment and
mitigation, Paolo assessment and mitigation, Paolo FavaliFavali
(INGV) & Roland Person ((INGV) & Roland Person
(IfremerIfremer))European European Plate Observatory SystemPlate
Observatory System, François Cornet, (IPG Strasbourg) & Massimo
, François Cornet, (IPG Strasbourg) & Massimo
CoccoCocco(INGV)(INGV)EurofleetsEurofleets : a tool to access to
oceanographic facilities (Antoine : a tool to access to
oceanographic facilities (Antoine DosdatDosdat, ,
IfremerIfremer))
DiscussionDiscussion
ConclusionsConclusions
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The The MediterraneanMediterranean area: area:
geodynamicallygeodynamically activeactive
Slowly favoring the North –South convergence but generating
numerous geological hazards
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www.emsc-csem.orgPermanent funding only from institutional
quotas and CoE subvention
Soft money represents 90% of the 2007 budget!
EMSC/ CSEM created by the scientific community (ESC) in 1975 to
rapidly locate earthquakes77 institutes in 50 countriesData
exchange with a hundred of institutes in more than 60 countries1300
stations (on land)Production of bulletin at Mediterranean scale
Seismic monitoring: networking of databases and
dissemination
http://www.emsc-csem.org/
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Modelling impact of tsunamis on the coast are ongoing in various
countries• Models are able to reproduce well the measurements and
the observation• In critical areas there is a need for
vulnerability studies• Early warning system : ICG/NEAMTWS an
intergovernmental subsidiary body of the IOC, established in June
2005 (Resolution XXIII-14)
No emergency plans for tsunamis (excepted in Japan, USA…)
beforethe giant Indian Ocean tsunami on December 26, 2004Large
European Mediteranean tsunamis: Lisbon 1755, Alexandria,
Messine
Geological hazards are facing the medium/long term recurrence
problem
Tsunami hazards in the Mediterranean
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Importance of submarine edifices vs subaerial, Strong slopes,
various geomorphic processesNumerous instabilities revealed by
detailed mapping
Stromboli edifice
Etna edifice
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20022002Stromboli ItalyStromboli Italy
Stromboli houses
Road
« Relatively « small » landslides may cause severe damages in
near crowded areas
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Production of Geohazard Maps (A0 format, 1:50.000) covering the
seafloor in the depth interval 50-500m
ObjectiveTo detect and map all the Italian seafloor geohazard
features in the more instable continental margins
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PRISME Cruise: 7 oct – 7 nov 2007A federative cruise: parners
from France, Italy, Spain, Algeria
A tour of 4 target areas previously studied by other «
conventionnal means »: Gulf of Lions, Ibiza Channel, Algerian
margin, Nice slopeWith 2 initiative tools : Penfeld penetrometer
and piezometers
-Objectives- internal architecture of recent gravitydeposition
events in the W Mediterranean - spatial variability of associated
turbiditydeposits- triggering mechanisms of the process for each
studied area- evaluation of future potential risk of submarine
slope failure- solutions capable of reducing the danger of
submarine
Detailed studies of geohazards: slope instabilities
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Coastal erosion
Costal erosion is a non linear/ non continuous processesStudies
need
continuous multifrequency monitoring at local to regional
scalesvarious and detailed studies (mrophology, sedimentoly,
hydrodynamics
Status of European costal erosion: : EUROSION project• 20% of EU
coastline are eroded or protected• 15 KM² of coastal zone are «
lost » per year • 3.2 milliard € are spent for coastal defence per
year !
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•Costal evolution (erosion, stability, prograding) is a non
linear processes, not constant in time• Extreme events – storms-
may be highly damaged for years
•Studies need • continuous monitoring at local to regional
scales (networks)• various and detailed data (morphology,
sedimentoly, hydrodynamics…) at sea and on land• for modelling the
geomorphologic evolution trough coupledmultiscale and multitools
approach • and proposing scenarii• evaluation of possible
refurnishment from offshore fossil deposits
• and fundamental research on processes + more derailed basic
knowledge of coastal zones
• Coastal erosion will increase severely with• increased human
occupation • climatic changes: sealevel elevation (>= 60cm in
this century) , higher impact of storms
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Seafloor Observatories: essential tools for GeoSeafloor
Observatories: essential tools for Geo--HazardHazardassessment and
mitigationassessment and mitigation
• Geo-hazards distribution calls for a Regional approach for
monitoring, warning and study
• Important sources of Geo-hazards are located in marine areas
and effective monitoring needs network extension to the
seafloor
• Geo-hazard prone marine areas have been well identified (e.g.,
ESONET, MOMAR, NEAREST), scientific and technological activities
already started
GEOSTARGEOSTAR
85 km offshore 85 km offshore 3200 m w.d. 3200 m w.d.
((SagresSagres Plateau)Plateau)
11--year monitoring: year monitoring: Deployment August
2007Deployment August 2007
NEAREST
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EMSO European Mutidisciplinary deep Seafloor observatories
Preparatory phase (P Favali coord) start early 2008 (4
years)
To be deployed on specific sites around European waters,
according to a list of key sites identified by ESONET NoE
andforming a widely distributed pan-European infrastructure
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EUROFLEETS next call
European call opened end nov 07: Research Infratstructure~5 – 7
M€, 4 years program, for vessels L>35m, submarine or embarked
tools
Networking activities: European harmonizationof slection
procedures, fast operation (in case of emergency),
inetroperability, regionalcoordination, shared strategic,
ecoresponsability, traing periods(technician, young scientists),
data management, extra Europe cooperation
Transnational access: cruises, transits, at distance access
Joint Research activities: acquisition softwares, acoustic
systemsharmonization, mobile sensors, environemnt protection
duringresearch at sea, technical priorities
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Build integrated land-sea projects (incl. detailed swath
bathymetric surveys, HR seismics…) fro the evaluation of geological
hazards
Study the potential slides on slopes and their impacts on
coastal zones
Complement the seismic networks with marine stations
Install permanent systems for monitoring the coastal erosion
Install / reinforce Tsunami Alert Systems
Integrate fundamental researches inlc. Observatories, boreholes,
numericalmodelling for sediment transport, tsunami impacts…
WG2 Preparatory note
Actions
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Question submitted : which strategy for linking the main
expectations of the geosciences community ?
•Elaborate a multi-disciplinary research program on geological
hazards, integrating land and marine aspects and involving the
countries from the northern and southern Mediterranean
•Develop training and mobility of students and researchers
•Structurate marine sciences research at the Euro-Mediterranean
level (development of the access to marine research
infrastructures)
•Implement a pluri-annual programmation of trans-national
cruises involving countries from both shores of the Mediterranean
(connexion with Eurofleets).
Working Group discussion
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Discussion : Discussion : somesome of the of the mattersmatters
discusseddiscussed
•• StrongStrong needneed for more for more detaileddetailed
knowledgeknowledge of of seabedseabed and suband sub--seabedseabed
and and fundamentalfundamental researchresearch on on
processesprocesses atat all all levelslevels (local, (local,
regionalregional, ,, ,deepdeep crustcrust / / surficialsurficial)
(+ ) (+ integratedintegrated land /land /seasea))
•• DevelopDevelop links links withwith industryindustry
((existingexisting in N and S countries) for the in N and S
countries) for the accessaccess to unique to unique sets of data
(sets of data (egeg veryvery deepdeep and good and good
resolutionresolution seismicseismic, drill , drill
holesholes),),
•• VariousVarious public public meansmeans existexist but are
not but are not enoughenough structured structured
•• DevelopDevelop multidisciplinaritymultidisciplinarity of of
projectsprojects
•• Tsunami Tsunami hazardhazard : : needneed for for
detaileddetailed knowledgeknowledge in the in the coastalcoastal
areas areas
•• StrongStrong needsneeds expressedexpressed fromfrom
SouthernSouthern countries countries
–– Access to Access to oceanographiococeanographioc
vesselsvessels and and tools tools –– Sharing Sharing
experienceexperience on on scientificscientific concepts, concepts,
–– Full Full cooperationcooperation projectproject building
(building (fromfrom the the beginningbeginning) ) ––
DevelopingDeveloping local marine local marine researchresearch
facilities facilities
•• LaunchingLaunching a a MediterraneanMediterranean
workfieldworkfield (INSU)(INSU)
•• ReinforceReinforce exchange about exchange about
scientificscientific questions & questions & resultsresults
/ / answersanswers withwith decisiondecisionmakersmakers, local ,
local authorities authorities
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• A better structuration of• projects • tools • data :
networking and further integration of databases
• New data acquisition including seabed and subseabed surveys •
at various scales, • from land to coastal zone to the deep sea•
from the surface to the deep crust
• Monitoring in designated sensitive / evolutive areas • In the
coastal zone • On the slopes & in the deep basins
• Establishing a real & full North-South partnership: from
defining the scientific programmes, to the data acquisition,
processing, interpretation incl. strong training
An improved assessment of geological hazards and their impacts
needs
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Working Group propositions
• Create North – South Mediterranean coordination structures at
all levelsassociating :
• policy makers, funding agencies and scientific organizations •
scientists / project managers and regional authorities in charge of
spatial management, socio- economic aspects, • scientists from
various disciplines for building multidsicplinary projects• towards
a permanent Mediterranean « structure »
• Reinforce or structure networks (ex. EMOD call)
• Facilitate access of Southern countries to oceanographic
vessels / tools (ex trough Eurofleet)
• Develop common integrated scientific projects on the
Mediterranean in a full / complete partnership scheme incl.
installation of means in Southern countries + training
Euro-Méditerranean Symposium - Working Group 2�Geohazards :
earthquakes, slope unstabilities, tsunamis, coastal
erosion�AgendaThe Mediterranean area: geodynamically
activeDiscussion : some of the matters discussed