This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
• General Function:– Cell Shape– Cell Movement– Intracellular Transport
These images are an excellent example of immuno-fluorescence microscopy; each involves an antibody attached to a unique fluorochrome dye that will bind to a specific to a protein type.
NOTE: You are not responsible for memorizing types of proteins here.
Eukaryote Flagella and Cilia
Structure of both flagella and cilia: Note pairs of microtubule filaments arranges in a 1:9 configuration. The outer pairs contract and expand along the central pair causing the structure to bend.
Eukaryote flagella: makes waves.
(Recall prokaryote flagella cork screws)
Cilia: makes a different motion; they have two distinct strokes: an “effective” propelling stroke and then a “recovery” stroke that prepares the cilia for the next effective stroke. Cells with cilia typically have many that stroke in unisons.
Eukaryote Genome: chromosomes are linear; more than one type; each carries a unique set of genes; often pairs of the same chromosome type (diploid).
Nuclear Structure
Nucleolus: Where ribosome subunits are made.
Chromatin: all the DNA and proteins of chromosomes.
Idealized Eukaryote Cell Cycle
Growth and chromosome replication (double copies).
Condensation ; organization of identical replicates; separation and new nuclei form; cell division. Much more complex than prokaryote.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Protein Synthesis
• Lipid membrane synthesis
• Transport of proteins and lipids
• Rough ER has attached ribosomes
•Smooth ER has no ribosomes
• Vesicles bud off to the Golgi Apparatus
forming side
matured side
Golgi Apparatus:• Protein processing & modification
• Packaging for Secretion
Secretion Vesicles & Exocytosis
Or Residual Body
Endocytosis & Lysosomes
F1 particles & ATP synthesis
Mitochondria* Energy metabolism* Self replicating* Own DNA
Chloroplasts: Photosynthesis; self replicating; own DNA.