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Diversity And Classification of Flowering Plants:
Eudicots
Eudicots
• Palynological apomorphy: tricolpate or tricolpate-derived pollen grain
Euphorbiaceae - Spurge family (after Euphorbus, physician to the king of Mauritania, 1st century).
313 genera / 8,100 species
unisexual flowers with a superior,
usually 3-carpellate ovary with 1 ovule per carpel,apical-axile in placentation;
Crotonoideae and Euphorbioideae have a red, yellow, or usually white (“milky”) latex
Euphorbioideae -cyathium inflorescence.
K0 A 1 G 0 K0 A0 G (3)
cyathium
An inflorescence bearing small, unisexual flowers and subtended by an involucre (frequently with petaloid glands), the entire inflorescence resembling a single flower.
EUPHORBIACEAE
• Manihot esculenta “cassava” or “kamoteng kahoy”
• Euphorbia sppEuphorbia spp.• Euphorbia pulcherrima “poinsettia”• Jatropha spp.• Ricinus communis “castor plant”• Antidesma “bignay”
“antipolo”antipolo• Broussonetia “himbabao”• Morus alba “mulberry”
Artocarpus altilis (breadfruit),
Ficus carica (edible fig),
Morus spp. (mulberry); pp ( y)
paper, rubber, and timber trees; and some cultivated ornamentals, -Ficus spp., figs;
the leaves of Morus alba are the food source of silkworm moth larvae.
Malvaceae, s.s. - Mallow family (name used by Pliny, meaning "soft"). 111 genera / 1,800 species
Malvaceae s. l.• herbs, shrubs, or trees,• often with stellate trichomes,• typically with an epicalyx• typically with an epicalyx,• calyx valvate, corolla often convolute• stamens connate into tube or 5-∞ bundles• Monothecal or bithecal anthers• Ca (5) Co 5 A ∞ G (5) superior
Economic importance includes medicinal plants; Gossypium spp. (cotton, the world’s most important fiber plant) Ceiba pentandra (kapok), in both of which the seed trichomes
are utilized, Corchorus spp. (jute), a bast fiber plantfood and flavoring plants- Theobroma cacao (cacao, the source of chocolate), ColaTheobroma cacao (cacao, the source of chocolate), Cola
nitida (cola), Abelmoschus (okra), and Durio zibethinus (durian);
- ornamental cultivars such as Chorisia (floss-silk tree), Hibiscus (mallows), and Tilia (linden tree).
• Carpels 1-3-(5)• 1-3 locules, only one fertile• 1 ovule per locule• 1 ovule per locule• 1-3 styles• Fruit drupe• Could be winged with persistent sepals
Apocynaceae, s.l. - Dogbane/Milkweedfamily (Greek for "away from dog," in reference to past use of some taxa as a dog poison). 411 genera / 4,650 species.
The Apocynaceae, s.l.• Milky latex• 2-carpellatep• 5-merous perianth/androecium,• the gynoecium usually with 2 carpels,• ovaries distinct in some taxa with styles connate
Rubiaceae — Coffee family (after rubia, name used by Pliny for madder)
630 genera / 10,200 species.
Leaves simple, entire, usually decussate leaves connate stipules, the stipules often with mucilage-
secreting colletersusually a cyme, Flowers bisexual the perianth dichlamydeous perianthFlowers bisexual, the perianth dichlamydeous, perianth
and androecium often 4 –5-merous (calyx absent in some),
ovary usually inferior
Ca (4-5) Co (4-5) A 4-5 G (2) usually inferior
Rubiaceae — Coffee family (after rubia, name used by Pliny for madder)
630 genera / 10,200 species.
worldwide distribution, more concentrated in tropical regions.
Cinchona, the source of quinine used to treat malaria,, q ,
Coffea arabica and other species, the source of coffee,
Pausinystalia johimbe, the source of the sexual stimulant yohimbine,
some timber trees, fruiting plants, dye plants (such as Rubia, madder), and ornamental cultivars (e.g., Pentas, among others).
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Lamiaceae (=Labiatae) - Mint family (Lamium, gullet, after the shape of the corolla tube or old Latin name
used by Pliny). 251 genera / 6,700 species.
often aromatic with ethereal oilswith usually 4-sided stems, opposite [or whorled] leavesverticillaster or thyrse inflorescence [flowers solitary and axillary
in some], and zygomorphic [rarely actinomorphic],usually bilabiate flowersdeeply 4-lobed ovary (by formation of "false septa") andgynobasic style
Ca (5) Co (5) A 4 G (2), superior, hypanthium absent.
Mentha, mint;
Ocimum, basil;
Rosmarinus rosemary;Rosmarinus, rosemary;
Salvia, sage;
Thymus, thyme Leaves opposite; stems 4-sided
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Inflorescence a thyrse or verticillaster (usu.) Flowers zygomorphic; corolla sympetalous, bilabiate