EU enlargement: what does it change for the European economic geography?

7/29/2019 EU enlargement: what does it change for the European economic geography?

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L\ LOA@VMLILOR;]D@R BELS NRCD@OML JEV RDL L\VEXL@O

LCEOEINC MLEMV@XD^5Sf`stnlo Bupucd! Dumuls Kloolqunoòb La Ieudeuf Ieudeub+Clotrl bceoeinl bl a\onvlrsnt X`rns Oerb

I`rcd 6882

Splcnà nssul

+ CLXO COVS \IV o =0)0> `v/ KFCailot) >3238 Znaaltòlusl! bupucdHslm/uonv)p`rns03/jr! kloolqunoHslm/uonv)p`rns03/jr/ieudeubHslm/uonv)p`rns03/jr

0/ Eo 0st I`y 6882! tdl L\ wnaa fl suppalilotlb wntd tlo ceuotrnls; tdl Czlcd Vlpufanc!Cyprus! Lsteon`! Duom`ry! A`tvn`! Antduòn`! Iàt`! Xeaòb! Saev`gn` òb Saevlon`/ ]l eoay blàwntd tdl CLLCs nocaubnom Fuam`rn` òb Veiòn` wdesl `cclssneo ns pestpeolb uotna 688= er 6884!`ccerbnom te tdl a`tlst blca`r`tneos fy L\ ejjncnàs/ Flcùsl ej b`t` anint`tneos! wl rlstrnct eursìpal ej Ilbntlrròlò lceoeinls te jnvl ceuotrnls; @amlrn`! Lmypt! Ierecce! Ruonsn` òb Rurgly/

Rdns p plr lvàu`tls tdl ljjlcts ej tdl loa`rmlilot ej tdl L\ te tdl Clotr aòb L`stlro Lureplò Ceuotrnls $CLLCs.! jecusnom eo `mmaeilr`tneo òb nobustrnàsplcnàns`tneo p`ttlros no Lurepl/ ]l jnrst prlslot tdl tdlerltncà blf`tl f`slb eo

tdl Olw Lceoeinc Mlemr`pdy ieblas/ Rdl eutceil ns td`t! no spntl ej tdl a`cgej a`feur iefnanty wntdno tdl L\! ` cerl plrnpdlry scdli` ns lxplctlb te eccur `s` rlsuat ej vlrtncà anog`mls/ Rdlo! wl prevnbl lvnblocl eo rl a òb structur a ceovlr)mlocl òb JBN trlobs no tdl loa`rmlb L\/ ]l sdew td`t slcterà bnvlrmlocl rlsuatnomjrei `mmaeilr`tneo lceoeinls ns anglay te plrsnst tdreumd ` dnmd)sgnaalb cerl `ttr`ctnomnocrl`snom notlosnvl `ctnvntnls òb ` aew)sgnaalb plrnpdlry/ Fy bnscussnom twe àtlr)o`tnvl sclo`rnes no tlris ej notlro tneoà splcnàns`tneo! wl sdew td t Clotr aLureplò ceuotrnls `rl anglay te jeaaew ` Spònsd iebla f`slb eo c`tcdnom)up!nobustrnà bnvlrsnjnc`tneo òb notr`)nobustry tr`bl! wdnal L`stlro ceuotrnls ceuab bur`faya`m fldnob/ Snina`ray! tdl Ilbntlrròlò lceoeinls! wdncd `rl lom`mlb no tdl Lure)Ilbntlrròlò p`rtolrsdnp! lxdnfnt vlry ceipalilot`ry notlro`tneoà splcnàns`tneorla`tnvl te tdl L\ tdreumd rlseurcl) òb a`feur)notlosnvl nobustrnls/

L `cd olw stlp ej tdl Lureplò uonjnc`tneo frnoms `feut ceoclrosrla`tnvl te tdl nip`ct ej rlmneoà notlmr`tneo eo prebuctneostructurls wntdno tdl Iliflr St`tls/ Rdl lceoeinc mlemr`pdyej Lurepl j`cls seil olw cd aalomls wntd tdl niinolot loa rmlilotte tdl Clotrà òb L`stlro Lureplò Ceuotrnls $CLLCs. òb tdl nipal)ilot`tneo ej `ssecn`tneo `mrllilots wntd Seutdlro òb L`stlroIlbntlrròlò Ceuotrnls $SLICs.0; dew wnaa tdl aec`tneo ej `ctnvntnls


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òb splcnàns`tneo p`ttlros fl jjlctlb fy tdl `cclssneo ej ceuotrnlstd`t lxdnfnt v`rneus prebuctneo structurls òb rlietl alvlas ejblvlaepilot5 ]naa nobustrnà `mmaeilr`tneo preclssls no ò notlmr`tlb`rl` fl streomlr tdò bnsplrsneo òb bnvlrsnjnc`tneo jercls ìeom p`rtn)cnp`tnom o tneos5 ]d`t alsseos c o wl blrnvl jrei tdl lxplrnlocl ejtdl prlclbnom w`vls ej loa rmlilot ej tdl L\5

Rdns `rtncal `nis `t bnscussnom twe eppesntl sclo`rnes `s rlm`rbsjuturl presplcts ej tdl Lureplò lceoeinc mlemr`pdy/ @ccerbnom tetdl jnrst eol! tdl prlbeinoòcl ej notr`)nobustry tr`bl wntdno Lureplòo`tneos rlsuats no wl`g splcnàns`tneo no tlris ej prebuctneo òblipaeyilot/ Rdus! nt prnvnalmls tdl eptninstnc vnlw ej evlràa lceoeincceovlrmlocl fltwllo tdl L\ Iliflr St`tls/ Jer lxìpal! tdlLilrseo rlpert $0>>8. uoblranols tdl currlot i`crelceoeinc ceovlr)mlocl ej Lureplò ceuotrnls òb prevls te fl depljua wdloceosnblrnom tdl nip`ct ej ieolt`ry notlmr tneo/ Rdns rlpert ceosnblrstd`t LI\ weuab rlbucl tdl nocnblocl ej ceuotry)splcnjnc sdecgs/ Notdl sìl vlno! Jrògla òb Vesl $0>>4. `rmul td`t nocrl`slbnotlmr`tneo i`y rlsuat no ierl dnmday cerrla`tlb fusnolss cycals flcùslej ceiieo bliòb sdecgs er notr )nobustry tr`bl/ Rdl rnsgs ej`syiiltrnc sdecgs òb nocrl`slb sp`tnà bnsp`rntnls rlsuatnom jrei streomrlaec`tneo ej `ctnvntnls rl tdus si aalr tdò lxplctlb/ Rdns gnob ejprlbnctneo summlsts ` inonià ceiieo jrìlwerg ej wlaa)blvlaeplbrlbnstrnfutnvl peancnls `cress Lureplò o`tneos/

@oetdlr penot ej vnlw prevnblb fy tdl \ontlb St`tls lxplrnlocld`s fllo blvlaeplb fy seil lceoeinsts angl X ua Grumiò/ @ccerbnomte tdl Olw Lceoeinc Mlemr`pdy $OLM. jrìlwerg! dl `rmuls td`tbllplr notlmr`tneo weuab tròsa`tl note nocrl`slb splcnàns`tneo rlsuatnomjrei notlr)nobustry ceip`r`tnvl `bvòt`mls/ Rdl Iliflr St`tls weuabsplcn ansl no ` siàa ouiflr ej `ctnvntnls òb tdlrljerl weuab fl ierl

slosntnvl te `syiiltrnc sdecgs/ No OLM ieblas! lceoeinc notlmr`tneoal`bs te ` sp`tnà cerl)plrnpdlry scdli`! rlsuatnom no dnmdlr `mmaeil)r`tneo òb nocrl`slb splcnàns`tneo bltrnilotà te plrnpdlrà ceuotrnls$Grumiò! 0>>0`./

@ Jrlocd rlpert fy tdl Ceiinss`rn`t Morà bu Xaò $CMX! 0>>>.teeg ` pesntneo fltwllo tdlsl twe eppesntl penots ej vnlw/ Ntceocaublb td`t ceuotrnls lotlrnom note tdl LI\ wlrl r`tdlr bnvlrsnjnlbòb weuab prlslrvl iest ej tdlnr `ctnvntnls/ Notr`)Lureplò tr`bl nsi`noay ej notr`)nobustry typl fut tr`blb meebs wntdno tdl L\ `rlprlbeinoòtay vlrtncàay bnjjlrlotn`tlb/ Rdlrljerl! L\ ceuotrnls j`clstructurà òb tlcdoeaemncà `syiiltrnls! wdncd cò al`b te ierl`mmaeilr`tlb prebuctneo structurls/ Dewlvlr! pea`rns`tneo ns alss

anglay te eccur `cress o`tneos wdlrl prebuctneo structurls `rl r`tdlrdeiemloleus tdò `cress rlmneos! wdncd `rl bnvlrmnom wntdno àaLureplò o`tneos/

Sf`stnlo Bupucd! Dumuls Kloolquno òb La Ieudeuf Ieudeub

6lcnà nssul%I`rcd 6882


3/34

No tdns `rtncal! wl lxpancntay nocaubl tdl còbnb`tl ceuotrnls òb tdlIlbntlrròlò lceoeinls no tdl bnscussneo/ ]l `sg nj tdl olw nocui)flots `rl ierl anglay te jeaaew ò notr`)nobustry splcnàns`tneo p`td er!ceovlrslay! ` bllplr splcnàns`tneo `ccerbnom te tr`bntneoà ceip`r`tnvl`bvòt`mls/ No tdl jnrst c`sl! tdl CLLCs weuab lxplrnlocl ierl nobus)trnà bnvlrsnjnc`tneo wntd nocrl`snom notr`)nobustry tr`bl td`t cd`r`ctlrnsls

blvlaeplb er c`tcdnom)up lceoeinls/ No tdl slceob c`sl! tdl rnsgs ej`syiiltrnc sdecgs weuab fl streomlr no ceuotrnls td`t blvlaep tr`blrla`tneos wntd tdl L\ f`slb eo tdlnr splcnàns`tneo no tr`bntneoà a`feur)notlosnvl nobustrnls/ ]dlo ceojreotnom eur `ssuiptneos wntd lipnrncàlvnblocl! wl jnob td`t twe bnjjlrlot mreups ej ceuotrnls cò fl br`woup `ccerbnom te prebuctneo structurls! tr`bl eploolss òb JBN nojaews/Eoay Clotrà Lureplò ceuotrnls tlob te blvlaep notr`)nobustry tr`blwntd tdl L\ ceuotrnls òb `rl anglay te c`tcd up wntd tdl L\ `vlr`mlwdnal tdl ierl plrnpdlrà ceuotrnls no L`stlro Lurepl òb tdlIlbntlrròlò lceoeinc p`rtolrs stnaa lxdnfnt dnmd alvlas ej splcn an)s`tneo no tr`bntneoà slcters/ @s ` rlsuat! tdl Lureplò lceoeincmlemr`pdy nobnc`tls ` plrsnstlot cerl)plrnpdlry structurl/

Rdl `rtncal ns ermònslb `s jeaaews/ Jnrst! wl put jerw`rb tdl nip`ctej rlmneoà notlmr`tneo eo tdl bnstrnfutneo ej nobustrnà `ctnvntnls `cressIliflr St`tls no ` tdlerltncà plrsplctnvl/ No ` slceob slctneo! wlm`tdlr tdl i`no styanslb j`cts eo rlà òb structurà ceovlrmloclfltwllo còbnb`tl ceuotrnls òb tdl L\! òb bnscuss tdl anglay ljjlctsej JBN eo splcn ans tneo byoìncs/ Rdl tdnrb slctneo ej tdl `rtncallvàu`tls dew iucd tdl Iliflr St`tls `rl splcnànslb no ò loa`rmlb\oneo òb tdl a`st eol frnoms seil lalilots ej ceip`rnseo wntd tdlSLICs/

0/ Rdl tdlerltnc a jrìlwergLceoeinsts nblotnjy twe bnjjlrlot seurcls ej petlotnà floljnts jrei

tdl L\ notlmr`tneo; ò niprevlilot no tdl àaec`tneo ej rlseurcls òbtdl `ccuiua tneo ej jurtdlr rlseurcls $Fàbwno! 0>>2./ Dewlvlr! tdlevlràa ljjlcts ej bllplr notlmr`tneo eo tdl o tneoà lceoeinls `rlierl ìfnmueus òb blplob eo rlmneoà cd`r`ctlrnstncs/ Rdus! uolvlolceoeinc blvlaepilot cò rlsuat jrei uolvloay bnstrnfutlb o`turàrlseurcls òb lobewilots/ Rdns bnstrnfutneo blplobs eo lxemloeusrlmneos o`turà `bvòt`mls/ @atdeumd rlalvòt no seil splcnjnc c`sls$inonom er jnsdnom `ctnvntnls.! tdns òàysns còoet lxpa`no tdl i`nojl`turls ej aec`tneo òb splcn ans tneo p`ttlros no Lurepl/

Rdl Olw Lceoeinc Mlemr`pdy $OLM. losunom jrei tdl stòb`rbaec`tneo tdlery blscrnfls lceoeinc jercls wdncd nojalct tdl mlemr`)pdncà bnstrnfutneo ej `ctnvntnls/ Eol ej tdl i`no ceotrnfutneos ej OLM

]D@R BELS NR CD@OML JEV RDL L\VEXL@O LCEOEINC MLEMV@XD^5

3Splcnà nssul%I`rcd 6882


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ieblas ns te lobemlonsl tdl i`rglt snzl/ @ ceojreot`tneo fltwllobnsplrsneo òb `mmaeilr`tneo jercls `ppl`rs! blplobnom eo tdlnotlmr`tneo alvla6/

Rdlsl jercls rlsuat jrei tdl notlr`ctneos fltwllo niplrjlct ceipl)tntneo! lceoeinls ej scàl òb `mmaeilr tneo lxtlro antnls3/ Jnris òb

werglrs tr`bl ejj fltwllo `bvòt`mls jrei `mmaeilr`tneo lceoeinlsòb iefnanty òb tròs`ctneo cests/ Rdl rlmneoà notlmr`tneo! `ssnina`tlbte ` blcrl`sl no tròs`ctneo cests! loceur`mls jnris te ceoclotr`tl noerblr te floljnt jrei lceoeinls ej scàl/ @s no olw tr`bl tdleryieblas! nocrl`snom)rlturos)notlosnvl slcters $se)càalb ieblroslcters. wnaa fl bnsprepertneo`tlay prlslot no rlmneos wntd meeb i`rglt`cclss $Grumiò! 0>48./ Ierlevlr! `ssecn`tlb wntd tdns deil i`rgltljjlct! OLM ieblas sdew td`t tdl i`rglt snzl nocrl`sls `s iòuj`c)turnom `mmaeilr`tls/ Ceoslqulotay! ` cuiua`tnvl cùs`tneo c o eccuruoblr seil ceobntneos/

Rwe gnobs ej OLM ieblas lxpa no tdl `mmaeilr tneo preclss f`slbeo twe bnjjlrlot ilcdònsis/ Jnrst! tdl Cerl)Xlrnpdlry iebla

$Grumiò! 0>>0f. `ssuils a`feur iefnanty `cress rlmneos/ Nt sdewstd`t `mmaeilr tneo ej tdl ieblro slcter ns tdl uonqul st`fal lqunan)frnui `s seeo `s tròs`ctneo cests `rl sujjncnlotay aew/ No tdns c`sl! tdlcuiua`tnvl m`nos nocrl`sl jer fetd mlemr`pdncàay iefnal ceosuilrs òbnobustrnà jnris $sll fex 0.2/

@ccerbnom te tdns iebla! tdl L`stlro loa`rmlilot ns lxplctlb tenobucl dnmdlr `mmaeilr`tneo tew`rbs tdl cerl Lureplò rlmneos/ Se!iest ej tdl CLLCs weuab fl i`rmno anzlb/ Dewlvlr! tdl Lureplòlxplrnlocl lxdnfnts seil splcnjncntnls td`t ieblr`tl tdl pref`fnanty td`tsucd ò `mmaeilr`tneo preclss eccurs/ Re ` a`rml lxtlot! tdl mlemr`)pdncà iefnanty `ssuiptneo uslb no cerl)plrnpdlry ieblas ns nrrlalvòtno tdl Lureplò ceotlxt $F`naay lt à/! 6883./ Rdlsl ieblas `rl ierl

suntlb no tdl ceotlxt ej rlmneoà lceoeinls wntdno o`tneos tdò jerstubynom notlro`tneoà notlmr`tneo/ ]ntdeut a`feur inmr`tneo! ceoclo)tr`tneo ej jnris còoet nobucl òy `mmaeilr`tneo ej werglrs/ Rdlcerl)plrnpdlry cuiua`tnvl cùs`tneo bns`ppl`rs/ Rdl ljjlcts ejLureplò notlmr`tneo eo aec`tneo p`ttlro `rl flttlr lxpa`nolb fy `slceob mlolr tneo ej OLM ieblas/



6/ Sll Ett`vnòe òb Xum` $0>>4. jer ` survly ej OLM antlr`turl òb Juknt` lt à/ $0>>>.!Ol`ry $6880.! Ett`vnòe òb Rdnssl $6880 òb 6883. er Fàbwno lt à/ $6883. jer ierl blt`nas/

3/ @aa tdlsl lxtlroàntnls blscrnfl twe gnobs ej notlr`ctneos/ Eo tdl eol dòb! se)càalbtlcdoeaemncà lxtlroàntnls eccur eutsnbl tdl i`rglts òb `ct bnrlctay eo tdl ceosuilrs utnantyjuoctneo er tdl jnris prebuctneo juoctneo/ Rdlnr jeriàns`tneo ns r`rl flcùsl bnjjncuat $sll Vnlflròb Rr o! 6880 jer ò lxìpal./ Eo tdl etdlr dòb! se)càalb plcuon`ry lxtlroàntnls nipayi`rglt)ilcdònsis)f`slb notlr`ctneos/

2/ Rdns rlsuat jrei tdl cerl)plrnpdlry iebla cò fl jeuob uoblr àtlro`tnvl `ssuiptneos;niplrjlct a`feur iefnanty $Aubli` òb ]eeteo! 0>>>.! bnjjlrlotn`tnom sgnaas alvlas no tdl ieblroslcter $@intn òb Xnss`rnbls! 6886.! t`stl dltlremlolnty $R`fucdn òb Rdnssl! 6880. er jerw`rb)aeegnom lxplct`tneos $Fàbwno! 6880./ @aa ej tdlsl `ssuiptneos d`vl oe quànt`tnvl ljjlct eo tdlcerl)plrnpdlry ieblas fld`vneur/


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0/ Jerw`rb òb f`cgw`rb anog`mls òb OLM ieblas

OLM ieblas `ssuiptneos

OLM ieblas usuàay ceifnol twe rlmneos òb twe slcters/ Vlmneos `rlnblotncà no t`stls! tlcdoeaemnls òb lobewilots fut slcters bnjjlr/ Rdl `mrncua)turà slcter prebucls ` deiemloleus eutput uoblr ceostòt rlturos te scàl

òb plrjlct ceipltntneo/ @o `mrncuaturà meeb ns jrllay tr`blb se nts prncl nsnblotncà no fetd rlmneos/ Rdl iòuj`cturnom slcter ns niplrjlctay ceipltntnvlòb prebucls iòy v`rnltnls uoblr nocrl`snom rlturos te scàl/ Jeaaewnom Bnxntòb Stnmantz $0>==.! prebuctneo ej òy v`rnlty no tdl sìl prepertneo no òyrlmneo rlqunrls tdl sìl jnxlb òb v`rn`fal quòtntnls ej noput wntd ` anol`r cestjuoctneo/ Ierlevlr! l`cd jnri prebucls eoay eol v`rnlty/

Ceosnblrnom twe rlmneos rlqunrls jecusnom eo tr`bl cests fltwllo tdli/\oblr tr`bl cests! OLM ieblas oet eoay nocaubl pdysncà tròspert cests! futàse ieolt`ry ceovlrsneo! anomunstnc òb cuaturà bnjjlrlocls er splcnjnc oeris/Rdly `rl jeriànslb `s nclflrm tròspert tlcdoeaemy! nontnàay notrebuclb fySìulaseo! no wdncd eoay ` jr`ctneo ej ` meeb `rrnvls no tdl etdlr rlmneo/ Rdlrli`nonom prebuctneo ns ceosuilb fy tròspert olclssntnls òb nipertnom ierlòb ierl bnjjlrlotn`tlb meebs jrei etdlr ceuotrnls nobucls ` prncl noblxnocrl`sl/

Rdl jerw`rb òb f`cgw`rb anog`mls; blscrnptneoRdl lqunanfrnui aec`tneo ej jnris ns cùslb fy notlr`ctneos fltwllo clotrn)jumà òb clotrnpltà jercls blplobnom eo tdl tròs`ctneo cests alvla/ Rdlclotrnpltà $clotrnjumà. jercls nocaubl àa lceoeinc rla`tneos preietnom ceoclo)tr`tneo $bnsplrsneo. ej lceoeinc `ctnvntnls/ Rdl clotrnpltà jercls cò flslaj)sust`nonom/ Rdly ceostntutl ` cuiua`tnvl cùs`tneo tdlo rlc aanom Iyrbàsceoclpt/ @ cdòml no ` v`rn`fal nobucls ò `bkustilot no òetdlr v`rn`fal!wdncd no turo rlnojercls tdl jnrst cdòml/

L`cd ej tdl jerw`rb òb f cgw`rb anog`mls blscrnfls eol p rt ej tdlsltwe cùsà lalilots/ Rdl jerw`rb anog`mls blpnct dew ò `mlot ns anoglb tents suppanlrs wdnal tdl f`cgw`rb anog`mls naaustr`tl dew ò lceoeinc `mlot nsanoglb te nts custeilrs/

]dy `mmaeilr`tneo eccurs no tdl cerl)plrnpdlry ieblas5

No ` cerl)plrnpdlry iebla wntd iefnal wergjercl! tdl cuiua`tnvl cùs`tneo

t`gls pa`cl fltwllo tdl nobustrnà jnris òb tdl ceosuilrs/ Rdus! tdl jerw`rbanog`ml lxpa`nos dew nobustrnà `mmaeilr`tneo nocntls werglrs te inmr`tl/Iòuj`cturnom ceoclotr`tneo mlolr`tls fetd ` blcrl`sl no tdl rlmneoà prnclnoblx $tdl sd`rl ej nipertlb meebs blcrl`sls. òb ò nocrl`sl no tdl rlmneoàoeinoà w`ml $jeaaewnom nocrl`snom ceipltntneo./ Rdl rlmneoà rlà w`mlnocrl`sl `ttr`cts ierl werglrs/ Rdns jerw`rb anog`ml t`gls pa`cl tdreumd ònoceil ljjlct/

Ceoslcutnvlay! inmr`tneo nobucls ` mrewnom ej nobustrnà lxplobnturlstdreumd tdl mrewtd ej rlmneoà noceil/ Rdns deil i`rglt ljjlct ttr`cts nobus)trnà jnris òb ceostntutls tdl f`cgw`rb anog`ml/

]dy `mmaeilr`tneo eccurs no tdl vlrtncà anog`ml ieblas5

Rdl vlrtncà anog ml ieblas `ssuil mlemr`pdncàay niiefnal werglrs/ Rdlcuiua`tnvl cùs`tneo tdlo bnjjlrs/ @o noput)eutput structurl ej prebuctneo nsnotrebuclb no tdl nobustrnà slcter/ ]l bnstnomunsd fltwllo upstrlì)suppanlr

jnris òb bewostrlì)custeilr jnris/ Ceoslqulotay! tdl jerw`rb $f`cgw`rb.anog`ml blscrnfls dew `mmaeilr`tneo ej suppanlr $custeilrs. jnris nobuclsceoclotr tneo ej custeilrs $suppanlr. jnris/


>>:. blscrnfl òetdlr `mmaeilr`tneo preclss f`slb eo twei`no rla`tneosdnps fltwllo tdlsl jnris/ Rdl f`cgw`rb anog`mls ilòtd`t jnris m`no jrei flnom aec`tlb caesl te tdlnr custeilrs/ Rdns anogns rla`tlb te ` bliòb ljjlct/ Rdl jerw`rb anog`mls blpnct tdl jnris`bvòt`mls jrei flnom aec`tlb caesl te tdlnr suppanlrs/ Rdns ns `prebuctneo cest ljjlct/ Bewostrlì jnris usl upstrlì jnrisprebuctneo `s ò notlrilbn tl noput/ Caustlrnom ej Lureplò `ctnvntnls

ns lxpa`nolb oet eoay fy tdl `cclss te custeilrs fut àse fy tdl `cclsste suppanlrs tdreumd ò noput)eutput structurl blscrnflb fy Dnrscdiò$0>>>./ ]dlotdl jnrst st`mls ej notlmr`tneo eccur! tdl jerw`rb òb f`cgw`rb anog`mlsnobucl ` iòuj`cturnom caustlrnom wdncd ns slaj)sust`nonom/ @ cerl)plrnpdlry p`ttlro `ppl`rs òb lot`nas bnjjlrlocls no rlmneoà w`mls/ Notdl a`st st`mls ej notlmr`tneo! tdns w`ml bnjjlrlotn a cò fl loeumd tei`gl ` plrnpdlrà aec`tneo prejnt`fal/ Syiiltry t`gls pa`cl `m`nowdlrl tdl a`feur notlosnvl `ctnvntnls rlaec`tl no aew)cest rlmneos/

Ceoslqulocls ej sucd ieblas jer tdl L\ loa rmlilot `rloetlwertdy òb blplob eo tdl nontnà notlmr`tneo alvla/ Jurtdlrnotlmr`tneo ceuab nocrl`sl tdl pref`fnanty td`t nobustry sprl`bs eut `s` rlsuat ej w`ml bnjjlrlotnàs ìeom o`tneos/ Seutdlro Lureplòceuotrnls sdeuab `ttr`ct aew)sgnaalb notlosnvl nobustrnls wdnal tdl dnmd)

sgnaalb notlosnvl `ctnvntnls weuab rli`no no tdl cerl/ Rdus! bnvlrmloclno noceil jrei tdl cerl)plrnpdlry p`ttlro ns anglay te fl jeaaewlb fy` slcterà bnvlrmlocl `cress tdl Lureplò rlmneos/


:lcnà nssul%I`rcd 6882


7/34

Rdns rlsuat ns snina`r wdlo fetd cuiua`tnvl cùs`tneos `rl `ssecn`tlb/No ` trn)slcterà iebla! Kloolquno $6883. `ssecn`tls nobustrnà òbGoewalbml Notlosnvl F`slb Slrvncls $GNFS. wdncd `rl suppeslb teprebucl uoblr nocrl`snom rlturos te scàl wntd bnjjlrlotn`tlb eutput/ @onoput)eutput structurl ns `ssuilb fltwllo tdli/ Rdl ùtder prevlstd`t upstrlì slrvncls `ctnvntnls lipaeynom dnmd)sgnaalb iefnal werglrs

pa`y ` snmonjncòt real no tdl blsnmo ej notlro`tneoà lceoeinc mlemr`pdy/Rdl CLLCs ceuab sujjlr jrei juturl inmr tneo ej tdlnr dnmday)sgnaalbwergjercl òb lxplrnlocl streom rlaec`tneo ej `ctnvntnls no j`veur ejcerl ceuotrnls! fetd no tdl GNFS òb iòuj`cturnom prebuctneo/

Rdl OLM antlr`turl prevnbls jurtdlr ceocausneos `feut tdl jertd)ceinom loa`rmlilot/ @ iebla fy Xum` òb Zlo`fals $0>>>. sdewstd`t c`tcdnom)up cò eccur fy w`vls ej nobustrn ans`tneo wdlonotlmr`tneo nocaubls ierl tdò twe ceuotrnls/ @ssuinom lxemloeustlcdoncà premrlss! nobustrnà clotrls tlob te blvlaep òb i`y flceiltee a`rml te fl rlstrnctlb te tdlnr nontnà aec tneo/ ]dlo w`ml bnjjl)rlotnàs `rl sujjncnlotay dnmd! nobustry sprl`bs te òetdlr ceuotry tefloljnt jrei aew a feur cests òb lceoeinls ej scàl/ Ierl splcnjn)

càay te L`stlro ceuotrnls! tdl Iòzeccdn òb Ett`vnòes iebla $6880.uoblranols tdl real ej prebuctnvnty no tdl tròsntneo preclss/ Rdly prevltd`t bllplr notlmr`tneo `ssecn`tlb wntd ceovlrmlocl no tdl prebuctnvntyalvlas weuab lo`fal tdli te nocrl`sl tdlnr o`tneoà noceil! te `ttr`ct` mrewnom ouiflr ej novlstilots no tdl c`pntà)notlosnvl slcters òbte upmr`bl tdlnr notlro`tneoà splcnàns`tneo no tdlsl slcters/

No `bbntneo te tdlsl tdlerltncà wergs! Ceiput`tneoà MlolràLqunanfrnui $CML. ieblas `rl uslb no erblr te lvàu`tl OLM ieblasceocausneos òb lstni`tl tdl ljjlcts ej tdl juturl loa rmlilot eo tdlLureplò lceoeinls


8/34

bnrlctay sniua tlb tdl ljjlct ej ` ,/

No òetdlr werg fy Fàbwno lt à/ $0>>=. L`stlro notlmr`tneo ns`ssnina`tlb te ` 08, blcrl`sl no tr`bl cests! rla`tlb fetd te tdl SnomalI`rglt `cclss òb te tdl `beptneo ej tdl L\s ceiieo lxtlro a t`rnjj/Rdl rlà noceil sdeuab rnsl fy 0/


9/34

wlrl a`rmlay rlbnrlctlb tew`rbs tdl L\ ceuotrnls tdògs te prexninty`bvòt`mls òb cuaturà anogs/ No 6888! tdl L\ iliflrs teeg `reuobtwe tdnrbs ej tdl CLLCs lxperts wdlrl`s tdly `cceuotlb jer eoay >3/

Rdl qulstneo ej tdlnr petlotnà jer lceoeinc c tcdnom)up flceilscrucn a wntd tdl jerià notlmr`tneo ej tdlsl ceuotrnls note tdl L\/ Notlris ej plr c`pnt` MBX! tdl olwceilrs a`m fldnob L\ iliflrs ierltdò bnb Sp`no! Mrllcl òb Xertumà wdlo tdly kenolb tdl LLC $t`fal 0./Saevlon`! fy j`r tdl iest `bvòclb ceuotry ìeom CLLCs! rl`cdls =8,ej L\ plr c`pnt` MBX ceip`rlb wntd ò `vlr`ml ej 2Splcnà nssul%I`rcd 6882

0>48 0>4< 0>>0 0>>< 0>>> 6880

L\)> 0

L\)08 0

L\)0< 0 0 0 0

Sp`no 8/=8 8/=4 8/=4 8/46 8/42

Xertumà 8/ 8/=6 8/:>

Mrllcl 8/:< 8/:< 8/:3 8/:0 8/:6 8/:2

Czlcd Vlpufanc 8/:6 8/ 8/ 8/26

Xeaòb 8/32 8/3> 8/28

Saevlon` 8/:3 8/:4 8/:>

Duom`ry 8/2< 8/ 8/33

Fuam`rn` 8/33 8/64 8/64

Antduòn` 8/36 8/32 8/34

Veiòn` 8/64 8/62 8/6>< 6888

Czlcd Vlpufanc 0/80 0/33

Xeaòb 8/:> 8/=8

Duom`ry 8/=3 8/48

Saevlon` 0/:> 0/2 8/:=

Lsteon` 8/:0 8/::

A`tvn` 8/3

Seurcl; Lurest`t! 6886f/

=/ @ survly fy Lurest`t $6886`. eo tr`nonom tdreumdeut prejlssneoà anjl no tdl `cclssneoceuotrnls usljuaay ceipalilots tdl usuà b`t` eo lbuc`tneoà alvla `s ` prexy jer duiò c`pntà/Nt sdews td`t Czlcd òb Lsteonò lotlrprnsls! lsplcnàay tdl a`rmlst eols! novlst i`ssnvlay jer tdltr`nonom ej tdlnr lipaeylls/ Fy ceotr`st! jnris td`t be oet novlst no tr`nonom i`noay ceosnblr td ttdlnr a`feur jercl àrl`by d`s `ppreprn`tl sgnaas/ Rdus! tdl survly prevnbls usljua nojeri`tneo eotdl i`tcd fltwllo lxnstnom sgnaas òb tdl ollbs ej ` ceipltntnvl i`rglt)f`slb lceoeiy/


12/34

6/6/ Rdl anglay ljjlcts ej bllplr L\ notlmr tneoeo notlro`tneoà splcnàns`tneo

@s bllplr notlmr`tneo ns eomenom! now`rb JBN no tdl olw L\ nocui)flots cò `cclalr`tl tdl lilrmlocl ej twe eppesntl p`ttlros `s rlm`rbs

nobustrnà splcnàns`tneo $Ieudeub! 0>>=./

Jnrst! wl wnaa cd`r`ctlrnsl fy notlr)nobustry splcnàns`tneo `blvlaepilot ej tr`bl jaews f`slb prlbeinoòtay eo bnjjlrlocls noj`cter lobewilots/ Rdns cò ceojnol ceuotrnls wdesl splcnàns`tneo nsbrnvlo fy tr`bntneoà òb uosgnaalb a`feur)notlosnvl nobustrnls no ` aew)blvlaepilot tr`p/ Nostl`b ej funabnom ceobntneos td`t weuab àaew tdlite ceipltl eo maefà i`rglts! seil ceuotrnls ceuab `ttlipt te lxpaenttdlnr ewo ceip`r`tnvl `bvòt`mls/ Rdl notlmr`tneo preclss i`y nobucltr`bl)bnvlrtnom ljjlcts no j`veur ej tdl olw iliflrs/ Nt weuabloceur`ml no tdlsl ceuotrnls ` splcnàns`tneo f`slb eo ca`ssncà ceip`)r`tnvl `bvòt`mls td`t ceuab aecg tdli no tr`bntneoà slcters òb rlbucltdl eppertuonty jer ò notr`)nobustry tr`bl upmr`bnom/

Slceob! notr`)nobustry splcnàns`tneo cò fl ceosnblrlb `s tdl iestj`veur`fal c`sl/ @jtlr tdl loa`rmlilot! tdl juturl L\ wnaa nocaubl fetdblvlaeplb òb f cgw`rb ceuotrnls/ Rdns ceuab dlnmdtlo tdl lilrmloclej spnaaevlr ljjlcts td`t weuab pa`y ` mrl`t real no tdl bljnontneo ejsplcnàns`tneo p`ttlros/ Rdl tròsntneo ceuotrnls `rl nontnàay vlry nobus)trnànslb òb wlaa lobewlb no pdysncà c`pntà! tròspert òbtlalceiiuonc`tneos nojr`structurl! àtdeumd olclssnt`tnom ieblrons`tneoòb bnsceoolctlb jrei L\ oltwergs/ Rdl preklct ej juturl L\ loa`r)mlilot$s. w`s sujjncnlotay crlbnfal jer jnris! òtncnp`tnom tdl jeriànotlmr`tneo! te d`vl blcnblb jer ` aeom tnil p`st te lst`fansd prebuctneouonts er kenot)vloturl `mrllilots wntd tdl `ni ej floljntnom jrei jnrst)

ievlr `bvòt`mls no tdl plrsplctnvl ej lxpòsneo str`tlmnls eo aecài`rglts/ No tdns ceotlxt! lceoeinc òb tlcdoeaemncà c`tcdnom)uppreclssls cò fl lodòclb òb notr`)nobustry tr`bl cò notlosnjy/

Rwe bnstnoct str`tlmnls `s rlm`rbs JBN cò fl `ssecn`tlb wntd tdlsltwe typls ej splcnàns tneo p ttlros/ No tdl ceotlxt ej bllplr notlr)nobustry splcnàns`tneo! vlrtncà)typl iuatno`tneoà str`tlmnls beino`tl/Iuatno`tneoà jnris bnsplrsl tdlnr prebuctneo `ctnvntnls `ccerbnom te destceuotrnls ceip`r`tnvl `bvòt`mls/ Rdl ierl a`feur)notlosnvlprebuctneo st`mls! sucd `s `sslifay! `rl rlaec`tlb no ceuotrnls wntdcdl`plr a`feur jercls/ Rdlsl olway lst`fansdlb `jjnan`tls mlolr`tlniperts ej notlrilbn tl meebs òb lxperts ej jnoà meebs fltwllodeil òb dest ceuotrnls! `s wlaa `s mrewnom notr`)jnri tr`bl/ Mnvlo

td`t tdns JBN ns ietnv`tlb fy bnjjlrlocls no j`cter lobewilots! tdlyd`stlo ò notlro`tneoà bnvnsneo ej a`feur wdncd dlaps te rlnojercl notlr)nobustry splcnàns`tneo p`ttlros/




13/34

No ceotr`st! JBN ns ceosnblrlb `s dernzeotà wdlo iuatno`tneoà jnris`rl stniua`tlb i`noay fy lxpòsneo eo aecà i`rglts/ No td`t c`sl! tdlewolrsdnp ej splcnjnc `sslt er tlcdoeaemncà `bvòt mls àaews ` iuatn)o`tneoà jnri te lst`fansd bnjjlrlot prebuctneo uonts no erblr te slrvlbeilstnc i`rglts òb floljnt jrei scàl lceoeinls `t tdl jnri alvlaòb oet eoay `t tdl pa ot alvla/ Jerlnmo novlsters mnvl prnernty te

prexninty `s tdns ilòs tdly cò fl ierl rl`ctnvl te tdl prljlrloclej ceosuilrs jer bnjjlrlotn`tlb meebs/ Rdns typl ej JBN ns ierl anglayte eccur fltwllo ceuotrnls wdesl prljlrlocls `rl snina`r $Fr`no`rb!0>>37 I`rguslo! 0>>>4./

No tdl c`sl ej còbnb`tl ceuotrnls! notr`)nobustry splcn ans`tneo nsanglay te fl lodòclb tdògs te now`rb JBN! lsplcnàay no tdl Clotrà

Lureplò eols $Duom`ry! Czlcd Vlpufanc! Saevlon`! Saev`gn`! Lsteon`./Dewlvlr! no tdl ierl plrnpdlrà òb a`mmnom fldnob ceuotrnls! JBNceuab ceotrnfutl te tdl plrsnstlocl ej notlr)nobustry splcnàns`tneo/ \otnaoew! JBN d`s i`tlrnànslb no twe i`no splcnjnc w`ys/ Jnrst! jerlnmo jnriswlrl ssecn`tlb wntd tdl i`ss prnv tns`tneo premrìils ej jerilrst`tl)ewolb lotlrprnsls/ ]dnal tdly d`vl te sd`rl rnsgs `ssecn`tlbwntd tdl juturl prejnt`fnanty ej tdl olw lotntnls! tdly floljnt jrei flnomj`veur`fay pesntneolb te m`no aecà i`rglt sd`rls/ Rdly cò petlotnàayfrnom tlcdoeaemy òb iò`mlrnà iltdebs td`t dlap tdl `b`pt`tneo ejtròsntneo lceoeinls/ Slceob! JBN cò fl rlànslb tdreumd kenot)vloturl`mrllilots òb str`tlmnc àanòcls/ Evlràa! ilrmlrs òb `cqunsntneos$nocaubnom kenot)vloturl `mrllilots. d`vl `cceuotlb jer tdl fuag ej JBN

snocl tdl lob ej tdl lnmdtnls/ No tdl c`sl ej CLLCs! `cqunsntneos `rlierl jrlqulot tdò tdl crl`tneo ej wdeaay)ewolb `jjnan tls flcùsl ejprnv`tns`tneo premrìils $Reufà! 6880./

6/3/ JBN trlobs no tdl CLLCs

Blspntl tdl werab lceoeinc saewbewo! now`rb JBN ns stnaa nocrl`snomno L`stlro òb Clotrà Lurepl/ Rdlnr tròsntneoà o`turl d`s j`veurlbtdl `ttr`ctnvlolss ej JBN/ No 6886! tdl stecg ej now`rb JBN no CLLCsrl`cdlb ierl tdò \SB 02: fnaaneo! wdlrl`s nt w`s i`rmnoà tlo yl`rs`me $t fal 3./ Rdl sd`rl ej JBN no tdl còbnb tl ceuotrnls lceoeinlsns snmonjncòtay dnmdlr tdò tdlnr rlprlslot`tneo no tdl tetà werab jaew

weuab summlst/ No rla`tnvl tlris! JBN stecg `s ` plrclot`ml ej MBXns `reuob 38,! wdncd ns snina`r te tdl L\ alvla! wdlrl`s tdl CLLCsd`vl rlclnvlb novlstilot jaews jer eoay ` bezlo yl`rs/ Dewlvlr! JBN




14/34

stecg no tdl CLLCs rli`nos aew! ceip`rlb wntd ìeuots aec`tlb notdl L\ `rl`/ @s tdl L\ sdnjts jrei 0< ceuotrnls te 6



6886JBN stecgs

$\SB inaaneo.@s ` , ej

o`tneoà MBX@s ` , ej

tetà CLLCsplr nod`fntòt

Czlcd Vlpufanc 34!22 0:/:6 6!288

Saev`gn` 08!66< 28/:: :/>: 0!>80

CLLCs)08 02:!>68 38/8> 088/88 0!26=

Xeaòb 2

A`tvn` 6!=63 38/2: 0/4< 0!0:0

Antduòn` 3!>40 6:/:3 6/=0 0!02 63/2< 6/:< 2>3

Veiòn` 4!=4: 04/0= :/88 286

3/ Rdl bnstrnfutneo ej JBN stecg no tdl còbnb`tl ceuotrnls

Seurcls; \OCR@B òb Lurest`t! ùtders- càcua`tneos/

]ntdno còbnb`tl ceuotrnls! JBN ns oet uonjeriay bnstrnfutlb/ No`fseautl tlris! Xeaòb! tdl Czlcd Vlpufanc òb Duom`ry ceoclotr`tlierl tdò =< , ej tetà JBN stecg no tdl rlmneo wdnal JBN no tdl Fàgòòb Fàtnc ceuotrnls ns r`tdlr aew/ No rla`tnvl tlris! ceoclotr`tneo nsiucd alss lvnblot snocl ` siàa ceuotry sucd `s Lsteon` d`s rlclnvlbtdl dnmdlst JBN stecg `s ` plrclot`ml ej MBX/ @s j`r `s mlemr`pdncseurcl ns ceoclrolb! JBN i`noay ceils jrei tdl L\ $48, no 6888./

Ierl prlcnslay! dàj ej tetà novlstilot ernmno`tls jrei tdrll ceuotrnls;tdl Oltdlraòbs! Mlriòy òb Jròcl! wdncd flcìl tdl a`rmlstnovlster ceuotry no 6888 wntd ` 60, sd`rl! d`vnom fllo eoay >44/

Slvlrà j`cters lxpa`no sucd ` rnsl no JBN tew rbs CLLCs/ Jnrst! tdlolw lovnreoilot! lsplcnàay tdl almà lovnreoilot! àaewlb novlsterste lom`ml no eplr`tneos td`t wlrl jerilray uojl`snfal/ Rdlo! lceoeinctròsntneo òb rlà plrsplctnvls ej notlmr tneo wntd tdl L\ d`vl ceotrn)futlb te niprevl `ttr`ctnvlolss/ Slceob! splcnjnc cd`r`ctlrnstncs ejCLLCs i`gl tdli ò `ttr`ctnvl aec`tneo jer iuatno`tneoà jnris/ Rdl`v`na fnanty ej ` rla`tnvlay cdl`p òb wlaa)lbuc`tlb a`feur jercl ns `streom `bvòt`ml ceifnolb wntd ` a`rml)snzlb petlotnà i`rglt $Bupucd

4/ Rdl Oltdlraòbs ns ` p`rtncua`r c`sl `s ` seurcl ceuotry; bul te tdl prlslocl ej deabnomceipònls! se td`t novlstnom jnris `rl oet juaay Butcd òb tdl sd`rl ej JBN jrei tdl Oltdlraòbsns evlrlstni`tlb/


15/34

òb Inaò! 6883./ Ierlevlr! prnv`tns`tneo premrìils eccurrlb wdnalceipltntneo w`s stnaa wl`g! wdncd ietnv`tlb iuatno`tneoà jnris telom`ml no ` r`cl jer jnrst)ievlr)typl `bvòt`mls/ Etdlr jeris ej bnrlctnovlstilot jeaaewlb prnv`tns`tneos! sucd `s i`ker deabnoms no! òb `cqun)sntneo ej! lxnstnom lotlrprnsls er tdl crl`tneo ejlx ondnae prebuctneo uonts/

Eocl tdl loa`rmlilot ns ceocaublb! olw JBN jaews `rl anglay teeccur no spntl ej tdl blcanol ej prnv`tns`tneos jer twe rl`seos/ Jnrst!tdl prlvneus loa`rmlilot w`vls wlrl jeaaewlb fy snmonjncòt rnsls noJBN nojaews note tdl olw `cclssneo ceuotrnls/ Rdns w`s p`rtncua`ray tdlc`sl ej Sp`no òb Xertumà `jtlr 0>4: àtdeumd Sp`no d`b `t tdl sìltnil anflrànslb nts almà jrìlwerg tew`rbs JBN wdnal CLLCs d`vlàrl`by beol se jer ` aeom tnil/ Slceob! novlsters uoclrt`noty `feutlceoeinc! peantncà òb nostntutneoà st`fnanty wnaa vònsd wntd tdl jerià`cclssneo ej tdlsl lceoeinls te tdl L\/ Dewlvlr! olw ìeuots ejJBN wnaa blplob eo dew a`rml ò notlmr`tneo ljjlct d`s fllo lxplctlbfy novlsters/ @atdeumd tdl petlotnà ej JBN d`s a`rmlay fllo lxpaentlbno tdl p`st tlo yl`rs! seil ceuotrnls sucd `s Saev`gn`! Veiòn` òbFuam`rn` ceuab rlclnvl ` oeo)olmanmnfal ìeuot ej JBN no tdl juturl

$Dlornet! 6883./No spntl ej snmonjncòt niprevlilots no tdl rlclot yl`rs! `v`na`fal

b`t` rla tnvl te tdl nobustrnà bnstrnfutneo ej JBN no tdl CLLCs rli`norla`tnvlay sc`rcl/ Rdl jnrst lstni`tls pufansdlb no 0>>= fy \OCR@Brlvlàlb td`t JBN w`s i`noay aec`tlb no tlrtn`ry `ctnvntnls no tdl iest`bvòclb tròsntneo ceuotrnls $tdl Czlcd Vlpufanc! Duom`ry òbSaevlon`. òb ierl nipertòtay no iòuj`cturnom slcters òb tr`bntneoà`ctnvntnls no Xeaòb òb Veiòn / No tdl jnrst c`sl! tdns rlsuat dnmdanmdtstdl petlotn a pesntnvl real pa`ylb fy JBN no cdòmnom p`ttlros ej splcn )ans`tneo no tdlsl lceoeinls/ @s ` ceoslqulocl! tdl aec tneo ej JBN nooeo)tr bntneoà nobustrnls ns anglay te j`veur tdl blvlaepilot ej notr )nobustry tr`bl wntd tdl L\ ceuotrnls/ No tdl a`ttlr c`sl! tdl

ceoclotr`tneo ej JBN no deil ceuotrnls ceip`r tnvl `bvòt`ml nobus)trnls ns anglay te rlnojercl splcnàns`tneo no tr`bntneoà nobustrnls>/

@ rlclot stuby fy Lurest`t $6886f. f`slb eo 0>>> JBN stecg b`t`ceojnris tdns vnlw/ ]ntd


16/34

prebucts `rl ò `ttr`ctnvl nobustry no Xeaòb/ Iltàs! i`cdnolry òblqunpilot meebs rlclnvl tdl dnmdlst sd`rl ej JBN no Saev`gn`/ Cdlincàs`rl tdl i`no `ttr ctnvl slcter no Saevlon`/ Jnoàay! tlrtn`ry `ctnvntnls `rlstreomay prnvnalmlb $ierl tdò 6%3 ej tetà JBN stecg. no tdl Fàtnc St`tls!wdncd jeri tdl a`st mreup/ Rdl i`no rlcnpnlot slcters `rl tr`bl òbbnstrnfutneo! jnoòcnà `ctnvntnls! òb tròspert òb tlalceiiuonc`tneos/

]l `b`ptlb t`fal 2 jrei Aòblsiòo $6883. wde ceaalctlb stecgb`t` `t tdl lob ej 6888 no ` sìpal ej CLLCs/ Evlràa! t`fal 2 blpnctstdl sìl pncturl `s Lurest`t b`t / JBN nojaews `rl ierl notlosl notlrtn`ry `ctnvntnls no Saevlon`! tdl Czlcd Vlpufanc òb Duom`ry tdò noetdlr Clotrà Lureplò ceuotrnls sucd `s Saev`gn`! wdlrl f`snc iltàs`cceuot jer snmonjncòt sd`rl ej JBN/ Rdl sd`rl ej slrvncls ns i`rglbaydnmdlr no tdl Fàtnc St`tls wdnal iòuj`cturnom `ctnvntnls! sucd `s jeebòb ùteietnvl prebucts $no Xeaòb. òb iltàs $no Saev`gn`.! `cceuotjer `reuob dàj ej iòuj`cturnom JBN/

]l cò me jurtdlr no tdl òàysns ej JBN nobustrnà bnstrnfutneo fy`beptnom tdl ca`ssnjnc`tneo prepeslb fy X`vntt $0>42.! $sll tdl

`pplobnx./ Rdns bnstnomunsdls tr`bntneoà! sc al)notlosnvl òb goewalbml)f`slb nobustrnls `ccerbnom te ` ierl bns`mmrlm`tlb nobustrnà b`t` sltfunat jrei o`tneoà seurcls no tdrll ceuotrnls $t`fal


17/34

Dewlvlr! nt ns bnjjncuat te bnstnomunsd vlrtncà òb dernzeotà typls ejJBN no tdl CLLCs/ Eo tdl eol dòb! cest `bvòt`mls i`gl tdli`ttr`ctnvl jer jerlnmo jnris nobustrnà rlaec tneo fy ilòs ej fetd JBNòb notlro`tneoà sufceotr`ctnom/ No uosgnaalb a`feur)notlosnvl nobustrnls$jer lxìpal `sslifay st`mls no caetdnom! al`tdlr! jeetwl`r er lalctrncài`tlrnàs. notlro`tneoà sufceotr`ctnom eplr`tneos wntd tdl CLLCs notlo)

snjnlb no tdl flmnoonom ej tdl tròsntneo preclss! lsplcnàay uoblreutw`rb)preclssnom tr`bl/ Rdlsl eplr`tneos pa ylb ` gly real no tdlmrewtd ej iòuj`cturnom lxperts ej tdlsl ceuotrnls wntd tdl L\$Cdlvàanlr lt à/! 0>>>./ Olvlrtdlalss! nocrl`snom a`feur cests burnomtdl tròsntneo preclss i`gl sucd ò `bvòt`ml tròsntery! lsplcnàay notdl iest `bvòclb còbnb`tl ceuotrnls $Vlsinon! 6888./ Eo tdl etdlrdòb! wl`g petlotnà bliòb cò fl plrclnvlb `s ` f`rrnlr te JBN jertdl purpesl ej ploltr tnom L`stlro i`rglts/ Olvlrtdlalss! nocrl`snompurcd`snom pewlr òb tdl plrsplctnvl ej jerià notlmr tneo i`gl tdns`splct tròsntery `m`no/

Ceosnblrnom td`t nobustrnls no wdncd jerlnmo jnris iestay lxpert tdlnrsàls cò fl sllo `s tdl ceoslqulocl ej rlaec tneo str tlmnls! Latlt

$0>>4. ceocaubls td`t `reuob 28, ej JBN no Duom`ry ns tdl rlsuat ejsucd ` str`tlmy wdnal :8, ns ietnv`tlb fy i`rglt `cclss ceosnblr`)tneos/ Ierl rlclotay! @ussnaaneux òb X`ket $6880. sdewlb td`t JrlocdJBN no tdl CLLCs ns brnvlo fy deil ceuotrys ceip`r`tnvl)`bvòt`mlnobustrnls wntd tdl cal`r lxclptneo ej Veiòn òb Rurgly wdlrlrlaec`tneo str`tlmnls prlbeino`tl/

@s ` ceoslqulocl! JBN jaews cò ceotrnfutl te tdl tròsjeri`tneoej notlro tneo a splcnàns`tneo òb dlap te niprevl V*B) òb sgnaalb)a`feur nobustrnà ceotlot/ Blspntl wl`g V*B notlosntnls! seil ej tdlcòbnb`tl ceuotrnls td`t wlrl jerilray lobewlb wntd o`tneoànooev`tneo systlis `rl sdnjtnom jrei splcnàns`tneo f`slb eo aew)tlcdoeaemy nobustrnls tew rbs ilbnui)te)dnmd tlcdoeaemy nobustrnls/ No0>>:! tdl CLLCs i`noay prebuclb bewo) òb ilbnui)i`rglt meebsfut mrl`t bnjjlrlocls lxnst no tdl structurl ej CLLCs tr`bl wntd L\ceuotrnls/ Bewo)i`rglt meebs rlprlslot 22, ej Duom`rnò lxpertswdnal tdl jnmurl rl`cdls =3, ej Veiòn o lxperts/ Fy ceotr`st! tdlsd`rl ej up)i`rglt meebs v`rnls jrei 30, no Saevlon` òb 64, noDuom`ry te ` aew 4, no Veiòn`/ Fltwllo 0>>3 òb 0>>:! tdl rla tnvlpesntneo no up)i`rglt prebucts niprevlb jer àa Clotrà Lureplòceuotrnls! wdncd streomay ceotr`sts wntd tdl sntu`tneo ej A`tvn`! Antduòn`òb tdl Fàgò ceuotrnls/ No tdl jerilr c`sl! tdns rlsuat lxcaubls tdlsclo`rne ej aecgnom splcnàns`tneo no tr`bntneoà slcters $Jrlubloflrm òbAlienol! 0>>>.


0=Splcnà nssul%I`rcd 6882


18/34



Czlcd

Vlpufanc

Duom`ry

Xeaòb

Saev`gn`

Saevlon`

Lsteon`

A

`tvn`

Antduòn`

Jeeb!fl

vlr`mls*tef`cce

:/2

>/0

08/4

:/6

0/2

2/4

2/4

00/

CzlcdV

lpufanc

6880

Saevlon`

6888

\SBinaaneos

@s`,ej

tetà

@s`,ej

tetàiòuj/

\SBinaaneos

@s`

,ej

tetà

@s`,ej

tetàiòuj/

\SBinaaneos

@s`,

ej

tet`

a

@s`,ej

tetàiòuj/

@mrncuaturlòbinonom

38/:

0/2

8/2/

22/8

:!>06/>

6/2

8/=

6/8

20/8

0/>./ Dewlvlr! wnblbnvlrmlocls `ppl`r ìeom tdlsl ceuotrnls òb seil ej tdli `rllxplrnlocnom mrl`t cdòmls no tdlnr tr`bl splcnàns`tneo/ Rdl iest`bvòclb CLLCs `rl dlocljertd mlttnom seil olw `bvòt`mls notlcdoeaemy òb c`pntà)notlosnvl slcters wdnal stnaa gllpnom ceip`r`tnvl`bvòt`mls no aew)tlcd slcters $Fenaaet! 6883./ Jer nostòcl! Duom`ry`cdnlvlb olw splcnàns`tneo no lalctreonc òb ceiputlr nobustrnls òbLsteon` no tlalceiiuonc`tneos `t tdl sìl tnil gllpnom ceip`r`tnvl

`bvòt`mls no jeeb nobustrnls $no Duom`ry. òb weeb prebucts $Lsteon`./Fy ceotr`st! etdlr Fàtnc st`tls! Fuam`rn` òb Veiòn` òb Xeaòb te àlsslr lxtlot! stnaa lxdnfnt ` dnmd sd rl ej tr`bntneoà `ctnvntnls $jeebprebucts! iltàs! tlxtnals. no tdlnr lxpert structurl/



$ .g

nx t

$ .gnv t

$ .! $8/0 8/ 8/


22/34

R`fal = prevnbls nojeri`tneo eo tdl snina`rnty no lxpert structurlswntdno tdl CLLCs eo tdl eol dòb! òb fltwllo tdl CLLCs òb tdlL\ Iliflr St`tls eo tdl etdlr/ Jnrst! clotrà Lureplò ceuotrnls d`vldnmday snina`r lxpert structurls rla`tnvl te tdl L\! lsplcnàay Sp`no òbXertumà/ Nj tdly jeaaew ` Spònsd)typl trlob! ceuotrnls sucd s Duom`ryòb tdl Czlcd Vlpufanc òb àse! fut te ` alsslr lxtlot! Xeaòb òbSaevlon` sdeuab `venb tdl rnsgs mlolr`tlb fy streom splcnàns`tneo notr`bntneoà slcters/ Eo tdl ceotr`ry! sucd ò eptninstnc vnlw còoet fldlab `feut tdl ierl plrnpdlr a ceuotrnls/ Rdly `ppl`r ierl snina`rte Mrllcl tdò te tdl rlst ej tdl L\/ Rdns ns p`rtncua`ray tdl c`sl ej

Fuam`rn`/ Slceob! lxpert structurls no tdl còbnb`tl ceuotrnls `rllsplcn aay j`r jrei tdesl ej Nrlaòb! wdncd lxplrnloclb streom tlcdoe)aemncà c`tcd)up/ Dewlvlr! tdl lxclptneo ej Duom`ry ns oetlwertdy



>8)>6 >3)>< >:)>4 >>)88

Jròcl 8/644 8/64= 8/6=> 8/6=8

Fla)Aux 8/ 8/::6 8/:3>

Jnoaòb 8/44< 8/44= 8/>86 8/>:4

Swlblo 8/:83 8/:24 8/:26 8/:6:

@ustrn` 8/ 8/>2> 0/008

A`tvn` 0/0=6 0/663 0/306

Antduòn` 8/>>8 8/>=< 0/8>3

Czlcd Vlpufanc 8/ 8/>3> 8/>=8

:/ Lxpert splcnàns`tneo noblx jer L\ ceuotrnls òb tdl CLLCs

Seurcls; CLXNN)CDLALI! utders- càcua`tneos/


23/34

wntd nts noblx vàul rla`tnvl te Nrlaòb d`vnom ` dnmdlr vàul tdò tdletdlr CLLCs! summlstnom tdl mrewnom nipertòcl ej dnmd)tlcdoeaemynobustrnls no tdns ceuotry/ Rdnrb! snina rnty ej lxpert structurls wntdnoCLLCs nipanls td`t tdl i`no ceipltnters ej tdl còbnb`tl ceuotrnls`rl stnaa tdl còbnb`tl ceuotrnls tdlislavls/ Jer nostòcl! Xeaòb! tdlCzlcd Vlpufanc! Saev`gn` òb Saevlon` lxdnfnt dnmd vàuls ej tdl noblx00/



Saevlon`

Lsteon`

A`tvn`

Antduòn`

CzlcdVlp

Saev`gn`

Duom`ry

Xeaòb

Veiòn`

Fuam`rn`

Lsteon` 8/208

A`tvn` 8/3=6 8/::6

Antduòn` 8/232 8/:6> 8/:0=

Czlcd Vlp 8/=0> 8/283 8/3


24/34

Rdl lxpert snina`rnty il`surl! ceiputlb usnom tdl jeaaewnom jeriua`;

mnvls; /

No tdl tlxt! tdl noblx ns uslb no erblr te ceip`rl lxpert structurls fltwllotwe ceuotrnls òb f wntd tdl rlst ej tdl werab $ceuotry c no tdl jeriua`./Nj tdl twe ceuotrnls òb f lxpert tdl sìl meebs te tdl tdnrb i`rglt!tdl noblx wnaa t gl eo vàul ej 0/ Nj lxpert structurls rl ceipaltlay bnssnina`r!tdl noblx wnaa fl zlre/

3/6/ Ievnom tew`rbs ò notr`)nobustry splcnàns`tneo5

Splcnàns`tneo nobncls òb trlobs no notr`)nobustry tr`bl fltwllo L\ceuotrnls òb tdl CLLCs prevnbl snina r ceocausneos/ Lureplò tr`blns lsslotnàay notr`)nobustry! lsplcnàay no vlrtncà bnjjlrlotn`tneo! wdeslnocrl`sl d`s fllo oetlwertdy snocl 0>4>3 òb 0>>:! wdncd `rmuls noj`veur ej ò l`ray ceovlrmlocl preclss ej tr`bl structurls tew`rbstdl L\ stòb`rbs/ Rdns sdnjt `ppl`rs ierl cal`ray no ceuotrnls wdncdd`b nontnàay a`rml ìeuots ej notr`)nobustry tr`bl! wdncd ceuab ilòa`rmlr òb a`rmlr bnsp`rntnls wntdno tdl c obnb`tl ceuotrnls/ @ccerbnomte Jrlubloflrm òb Alienol $0>>>.! seil c`vl`ts sufsnst; ns tdlceovlrmlocl summlstlb fy tr`bl p`ttlros refust5 Be prebuctneo struc)turls jeaaew tdl sìl trlob5 Jer nostntutneoà rl`seos $noljjncnlocy nocerper`tl mevlroòcl òb rlsnbuà st`tl ewolrsdnp no tdl c`pntà ejolway prnv`tl jnris.! tdl saew rlstructurnom ns tdl wl`g `splct ej tròs)ntneo òb cò dìplr tdl ceovlrmlocl preclss $@obrljj! 0>>>./



g g`f!c `!c f!c

g

JG ino v 7v 9 8 0 8 < 8 > 8 < 8 :`f!cJG ino$ / 7 / . ino$ / 7 / . /9 ' 9


25/34


6>> òb jer L\ ceuotrnls! Jeot`mo lt à/! 0>>4/

4/ Notr`)nobustry tr`bl no tdl L\ òb tdl CLLCs

0>>: Notr`)nobustry tr`bl Notlr)nobustry tr`bl

$v`rn`tneo 0>>3)0>>:. Dernzeotà Zlrtncà

Czlcd Vlpufanc >/: 34/0 . $)6/3.

Lsteon`8/4 3/< >48. 04/84 3/63 26/64 34/48. 6/86 00/33 4:/:>/88 4:/4/4


26/34

2/ ]d`t `feut tdl Seutdlro òb L`stlro Ilbntlrròl o Ceuotrnls5

Jnoàay! wl òàysl tdl Lureplò tr`bl anog`mls wntd ` sìpal ejIlbntlrròlò ceuotrnls d`vnom ò `ssecn`tneo `mrllilot wntd tdl L\/Nj wl `ssuil ` a`rml notlmr`tlb `rl` nocaubnom Ilbntlrròlò ceuotrnls!tdl qulstneo ns dew dltlremloleus tdns `rl` weuab fl òb dew tdlnipanlb bnvlrmlocls `cress o`tneos weuab `bb te tdl rlmneoà bnvlr)mlocl preclss wntdno Lureplò o`tneos/ R`fal > suii`rnsls tr`blsplcnàns`tneo nobnc`ters jer Rurgly! tdl I`mdrlf ceuotrnls òb Lmypt!ceip`rlb wntd L\ iliflrs òb tdl còbnb`tl ceuotrnls/

Ilbntlrròlò ceuotrnls d`vl vlry ceipalilot`ry tr`bl structurlsrla`tnvl te tdl L\/ @ccerbnom te tdl Grumiò noblx! tdly `rl tdl iestsplcn anslb ej tdl sìpal! lxclpt Rurgly wdesl noblx d`s quncgayblcrl`slb òb ns caesl te nobncls rlmnstlrlb no tdl alss `bvòclbcòbnb`tl ceuotrnls/ Ierecce! Ruonsn` òb Lmypt lxdnfnt snina`r vàulsej tdl noblx/ @amlrn`! eo tdl ceotr`ry! bnspa`ys vlry streom splcn an)s`tneo! bul te prlbeinoòt lxperts ej m`s òb pltrealui prebucts/ @aatdlsl ceuotrnls lxpert ` a`rml sd`rl ej aew)vàul)`bblb iòuj`cturlb

meebs/ Jer lxìpal! tlxtnals `cceuot jer ` snmonjncòt sd`rl ej lxpertsno Ierecce! Ruonsn` òb Rurgly/ Rdly àse bnspa`y streom ceip`r`tnvl`bvòt`mls no jeeb òb rlseurcl)notlosnvl nobustrnls/ Jnoàay! Lmyptlxplrnlocls tr`bl `bvòt`mls no pltrealui prebucts/


6:lcnà nssul%I`rcd 6882

Grumiò

noblx0>>:)0>>>

Jnomlr)Grlnononoblx

rla`tnvl teL\)0>>.

Jnomlr)Grlnononoblx

rla`tnvl teCLLCs)08

$0>>>.

DernzeotàNotr`)

nobustrytr`bl

$0>>:.++

ZlrtncàNotr`)

nobustrytr`bl

$0>>:.++

Notlr)nobustry

tr`bl$0>>:.++

L\)0< 8/2:2+ 8/=38 0=/< 20/: 28/>CLLCs)08 8/=2:+ 8/=38 4/2

Lmypt 0/3=8 8/333 8/3>3 0/8 3/0 >

Ierecce 0/224 8/6=3 8/320 3/2 0/6

Ruonsn` 0/3=< 8/38< 8/3>= 2/0 0


27/34

bnspa ynom snina`r vàuls. wdnal @amlrn` lxdnfnts vlry aew vàuls ej tdlnoblx! wdncd rlsuat jrei tdlnr streom blploblocy eo rlseurcl)notlosnvlnobustrnls/

Sd`rls ej notr`)nobustry tr`bl òb splcnàns`tneo nobncls blpnct àiestsnina`r lvnblocl/ Evlràa! tdl Ilbntlrròlò ceuotrnls d`vl vlry dnmd

alvlas ej notlr)nobustry tr`bl/ Eoay Ruonsn` òb Rurgly bnspa`y `sufstòtnà sd`rl ej notr`)nobustry tr`bl caesl te 68,! wdncd rògs `fevltdl alvlas rl`cdlb fy tdl alss `bvòclb CLLCs òb tdl Fàtnc St`tls/Dewlvlr! notr`)nobustry tr`bl ns prlbeinoòtay ej tdl vlrtncà typl $n/l/tr`blb meebs `rl bnjjlrlotn`tlb no quànty ròmls./ Ceovlrslay! tr`blstructurls no @amlrn`! Ierecce òb Lmypt `rl streomay fn`slb tew`rbsnotlr)nobustry tr`bl/ Ruronom te slcterà ceosnblr tneos! notr`)nobustrytr`bl ns iucd ierl snmonjncòt no lalctrnc òb lalctreonc i`tlrnàs tdòno ierl tr`bntneoà `ctnvntnls $68, ej lalctreoncs no Lmypt òb Ierecce!`reuob 6:, ej ilcdòncà ceipeolots òb àiest 38, ej vldncals noL\)Rurgly tr`bl./ Ruonsn`s tr`bl ns ierl splcnjnc `s tlxtnals `cceuotjer tdl fuag ej notr`)nobustry tr`bl/ Dewlvlr! tdlsl jnmurls rlsuat ierljrei tdl ierl notlrilbn`tl)meebs)notlosnvl o`turl ej tdlsl nobustrnls

tdò jrei tdl `fnanty ej ceuotrnls te `ttr`ct JBN òb blvlaep aeom)tlriceip`r`tnvl `bvòt`mls no tdlsl slcters/

Ceoslqulotay! bnjjlrlocls `cress aec`tneos `rl stnaa rlalvòt/ Eo tdleol dòb! seil lvnblocl jer bnvlrsnjnc`tneo lilrmls jrei tr`bl struc)turls no ` siàa ouiflr ej còbnb`tl ceuotrnls! wdncd oew bnspa`yceip`r`tnvl `bvòt`mls no dnmdlr)vàul)`bblb nobustrnls/ Eo tdl etdlrdòb! Ilbntlrròlò ceuotrnls òb tdl ierl plrnpdlrà L`stlroceuotrnls rli`no splcnànslb no rlseurcl) òb a`feur)notlosnvl nobustrnlsòb `ppl`r vlry ceipalilot`ry te tdl L\/ Seil rlclot wergs d`vlsdewo seil lalilots ej tr`bl bnvlrsnjnc`tneo òb quànty upmr`bnom! futtdlsl rli`no i`rmno a $Cdlvàanlr òb Jrlubloflrm! 6880./ Ierlevlr!ceuotrnls wdncd lxplrnlocl sdnjts no notr`)nobustry tr`bl f`slb eotlxtnals òb caetdnom nobustrnls! angl Ruonsn`! `rl anglay te sujjlr ierljrei tdl ceipltntneo ceinom jrei Cdno`s lotry note tdl ]RE òbtdl juturl bnsiòtanom ej tdl iuatn)jnfrl `rr omlilot tdò jrei tdl`cclssneo ej seil CLLCs te tdl L\/

Ceocausneo

Rdl L\ loa`rmlilot preclss! frnomnom no seutdlro òb l`stlroIlbntlrròlò ceuotrnls! ns oetlwertdy jer iòy rl`seos/ Rdl olxtloa`rmlilot w`vl ns tdl a`rmlst òb tdl iest ceipalx tdl L\ d`s lvlr

d`b te blà wntd snocl nts crl`tneo/ Nt loceip`ssls ceuotrnls td`t `rlierl a mmnom fldnob no tlris ej lceoeinc plrjeriòcl tdò wlrlSp`no! Mrllcl òb Xertumà wdlo tdly kenolb tdl LLC no tdl lnmdtnls/


6=Splcnà nssul%I`rcd 6882


28/34

Ierlevlr! tdl CLLCs `rl lilrmnom jrei 06 yl`rs ej tròsntneo td`tprejeuobay òb r`pnbay iebnjnlb tdlnr lceoeinc òb prebuctnvl struc)turls/ \oblr tdlsl ceobntneos! tdns olw st`ml no tdl Lureplòuonjnc`tneo i`y nojaulocl tdl lceoeinc mlemr`pdy fetd wntdno òbfltwllo tdl Iliflr St`tls ierl tdò tdl prlclbnom w`vls bnb/

Rdlerltncàay! no spntl ej tdl a cg ej a`feur iefnanty wntdno tdl L\!` cerl)plrnpdlry scdli` ns lxplctlb te eccur `s ` rlsuat ej vlrtnc aanog`mls/ No tlris ej ljjncnlocy! tdl blcrl`sl no tròs`ctneo cests òbtdl m`nos jrei `mmaeilr`tneo ceipeuob l`cd etdlr/ Ceoslqulotay!slcterà bnvlrmlocl lxdnfntlb fy tdl vlrtncà)anog`ml ieblas cò jnoblvnblocl no tdl L\ tdreumd ` dnmd)sgnaalb cerl `ttr`ctnom nocrl`snomnotlosnvl `ctnvntnls òb ` aew)sgnaalb plrnpdlry/ Rdlsl prlbnctneos `rlceojreotlb wntd b`t` rla`tnvl te tdl i`no styanslb j`cts eo rlà òbstructurà ceovlrmlocl ej tdl còbnb`tl ceuotrnls wntd tdl L\/

Rwe àtlro`tnvl sclo`rnes `rl bnscusslb/ ]l sdew streom bnjjl)rlocls no tr`bl splcnàns`tneo notlosnty no ò loa`rmlb \oneo! wntd `cal`ray bnjjlrlot p`ttlro fltwllo cerl ceuotrnls òb tdl plrnpdlry/ Rdljerilr tlob te ceovlrml tew`rbs tdl L\ stòb`rbs tdreumd tdlblvlaepilot ej notr`)nobustry tr`bl òb tdl upmr`bnom ej splcn ans`tneop`ttlros wdnal tdl a`ttlr rli`no blploblot eo ceip`r`tnvl `bvòt`mlsno aew)tlcd òb a feur)notlosnvl slcters/ Rdl real ej JBN no tdl destceuotrnls splcnàns`tneo p`ttlro cdòmls d`s fllo lxìnolb no tdnsp`plr/ Rdl ceoslqulocls ej JBN no tdl CLLCs notlro`tneoà splcn an)s`tneo còoet fl blonlb/ No tdl Spònsd c`sl òb no seil ej tdlcòbnb`tl ceuotrnls! now`rb JBN d`s àrl`by pa`ylb ò nipertòt realno tdl sdnjt tew`rbs notr`)nobustry splcnàns`tneo/ No j`ct! jerlnmo jnris`rl anglay te frnom wntd tdli tlcdoeaemy! goew)dew òb iò`mlilotstructurls td`t dlap tdl tròsntneo preclss tew`rbs ` ceipltntnvli`rglt)f`slb lceoeiy/ No tdl c`sl ej Ilbntlrròlò ceuotrnls!floljnts jrei JBN d`vl fllo olmanmnfal uotna oew/ No tdl a`st yl`rs òb

blspntl tdl Lureilb `mrllilot! JBN nojaews d`vl rli`nolb aew jerv`rneus rl`seos sucd `s uoj`veur`fal nostntutneoà jrìlwerg! tdl saewp`cl ej prnv`tns`tneo! i`crelceoeinc uoclrt`noty òb siàa i`rglt snzl/

Jnoàay! tdl pncturl ej ` bnvlrsnjnlb Lurepl no wdncd o`tneos gllp tdlfuag ej `ctnvntnls sdeuab oet fl àtlrlb wntd tdl loa rmlilot jer tdlcerl ceuotrnls! nocaubnom seil plrnpdlrà ceuotrnls òb seil olwCLLC còbnb`tls jer loa`rmlilot/ Rdl cerl)plrnpdlry scdli` ns anglayte plrsnst! wntd ` a`rmlr cerl nocaubnom Saevlon`! ` jlw urfò òb ferblrDuom`rnò òb Xeansd rlmneos! tdl Czlcd Vlpufanc òb Saev`gn` wdnaltdl L\ plrnpdlry ns loa`rmlb te etdlr L`stlro òb Ilbntlrròlòceuotrnls/ No tdns ceotlxt! tdl a`cg ej ` rlmua`tery jrìlwerg `t tdlL\ alvla no sucd ` dltlremloleus `rl` ceuab nobucl fetd lceoeinc òb

peantncà tlosneos/ Ceotr`ry te nts jeuoblrs notlotneos! tdl rlsuat weuabfl te rlbucl tdl a`rml L\ te! ierl er alss! ` jrll tr`bl `rl`/




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Vljlrlocls

@intn! I/ òb Xnss`rnbls! C/ $6886./ Rr`bl òb Nobustrnà Aec`tneo wntdDltlremloleus A`feur! Clotrl jer Lceoeinc Xlrjeriòcl! BX 8>>./ Xrnv`tns`tneo lt Meuvlrolilot bLotrlprnsl bòsals ceoeinls lo tròsntneo! ceoeinl Notlro`tneoàl! Oe ==! pp/>=)06>/

@ussnaaeux! Z/ I/ òb X`ket $6880./ Loklux Ceiilrcnùx bl aa`rmnsslilotbl a\oneo Lureplool! Jeurmlùb slino`r! Bnrlctneo bl a` Xrvnsneo!Inonstry ej tdl Lceoeiy òb Jnoòcls! Jlfru`ry/

F`naay J/! Ieudeub! L/ I/ òb Eubnolt! K/ $6883./ \oneo lureplool ;Als oeuvlaals byoìnquls inmr`tenrls ; rlaòcl lt ceipalxnjnc`tneo!Cdreonqul Notlro`tneoàl bl aNVLS! Oe 42/

Fàbwno! V/ L/ $0>>2./ Rew`rbs ò Notlmr`tlb Lurepl! Clotrl jer

Lceoeinc Xeancy Vlsl`rcd! Aeobeo/Fàbwno! V/ L/ $6880./ Cerl)Xlrnpdlry Iebla wntd Jerw`rb)aeegnom

Lxplct`tneos! Vlmneoà Scnlocl òb \rfò Lceoeincs 30! pp/ 60)2>/

Fàbwno! V/ L/! Jersanb! V/! I`rtno! X/! Ett`vnòe! M/N/X/ òb Veflrt)Onceub J/ $6883./ Lceoeinc Mlemr`pdy òb Xufanc Xeancy! Xrnoclteo\onvlrsnty Xrlss! Xrnoclteo/

Fàbwno! V/ L/! Jròcens! K/ òb Xertls! V/ $0>>=./ Rdl Cests òbFloljnts ej L`stlro Loa`rmlilot; tdl Nip ct eo tdl L\ òb Clotr aLurepl! Lceoeinc Xeancy62! pp/ 06>3./ @ Snipal Rdlery ej Iuatno`tneoà Cerper tneosòb Rr`bl wntd ` Rr`bl)ejj fltwllo Xrexninty òb Ceoclotr`tneo!OFLV ]ergnom X`plr! Oe 26:>/

Cdlvàanlr! @/ òb Jrlubloflrm! I/ $6880./ A` o`turl bls cdòmls

Lure)ibntlrròlos lt als plrsplctnvls bnotmr`tneo rmneoàl! noBlssus S òb K/ Blvano! Zlrs uol notmr`tneo rmneoàl @r`fl Lure)ibntlrròlool! Clotrl bl Bvlaepplilot bl aECBL! pp/ 0/


6>Splcnà nssul%I`rcd 6882


30/34

Cdlvàanlr! @/! Alienol! J/ òb Olyiò! A/ $0>>>./ A\oneo lureploollt s` prnpdrnl! ceosqulocls bl anotmr`tneo ceiilrcnàl blaLurepl clotràl! Vlvul ceoeinqul! vea/ )0042/

Ceifls! X/X/ òb Evlriò! D/ $6883./ Rdl Sp`tnà Bnstrnfutneo ejLceoeinc @ctnvntnls no tdl Lureplò \oneo! no Dòbfeeg ej Vlmneoà

òb \rfò Lceoeincs Zeauil NZ! lbntlb fy Z/ Dloblrseo òbK/ J/ Rdnssl/

Ceiinss`rn`t Morà bu Xaò $CMX. $0>>>./ Sco`rne peur uol OeuvlaalMemr`pdnl ceoeinqul bl aLurepl! ceoeinc`! X`rns/

Bnxnt! @/ G/ òb Stnmantz! K/ L/ $0>==./ Ieoepeanstnc Ceipltntneo òbEptniui Xrebuct Bnvlrsnty! @ilrncò Lceoeinc Vlv nlw :=!pp/ 6>=)384/

Bupucd! S/ òb Kloolquno! D/ $6880./ Notmr`tneo rmneoàl ltmemr`pdnl ceoeinqul lureplool ; qulaquls rsuat`tslipnrnquls! CLXO ]ergnom X`plr 82)6880/

Bupucd! S/! Kloolquno! D/ òb Ieudeub! L/I/ $6880./ Notmr`tneolureplool! a`rmnsslilot ùx XLCE lt ceoeinl memr`pdnqul!Vmneo lt Bvlaepplilot! 6880)03! pp/ 06>4./ Lceoeinc Xlrjeriòcl ej Jerlnmo NovlstilotLotlrprnsls! Ljjlcts ej JBN no Duom`ry! Nostntutl jer ]erabLceoeincs! Fub`plst! inile/

Lilrseo! I/ òb à/ $0>>8./ Eol i`rglt! eol ieoly! Exjerb! Exjerb\onvlrsnty Xrlss/

Lurest`t $6886`./ Xrlinrl loqutl sur a` jeri`tneo prejlssneoolaalceotnoul lo lotrlprnsl bòs als p`ys còbnb`ts! St`tnstnquls lo Frlj!Rdil 3! 6%6886/

Lurest`t $6886f./ Novlstnsslilots bnrlcts tròmlrs bòs als p`yscòbnb`ts ; rp`rtntneo p`r slctlur b`ctnvnt lt p`r p`ys novlstnsslur!St`tnstnquls lo Frlj! Rdil 6! ./ @ Il`surl ej Lxpert Snina`rntyòb nts Xessnfal \sls! Rdl Lceoeinc Keuroà! vea/ 4>! pp/ >806/




31/34

Jeot`mo A/! Jrlubloflrm! I/ òb Xrnby! O/ $0>>4./ Notr`)NobustryRr`bl òb tdl Snomal I`rglt; Puànty I`ttlrs! CLXV BnscussneoX`plr Oe 0>3)00=/

Jersanb! V/! D`àòb! K/ òb Inblaj`rt)Go`rvng! G/D/ $6886f./ @ \)sd`plbLurepl5 @ Sniua`tneo Stuby ej Nobustrn a Aec`tneo! Keuroà ejNotlro`tneoà Lceoeincs =/

Jròcens! K/ $6886./ J`cter Iefnanty! Lceoeinc Notlmr`tneo! òb tdlAec`tneo ej Nobustry! no Lceoeinc Nip`ct ej L\ Iliflrsdnp eoLotròts; Olw Iltdebs òb Nssuls! V/L/ Fàbwno òb @/ FruolttnZeauil Lbnters! Gauwlr @c`blinc Xufansdlrs;Festeo%Berbrlcdt%Aeobeo/

Jrògla! K/ ob Vesl! @/ $0>>4./ Rdl Lobemlolnty ej Eptniui Currlocy

Crntlrn`! Rdl Lceoeinc Keuroà! vea/ 084! pp/ 088>)086>>./ Clotrà òb L`stlro Lureplò

Ceuotrnls no tdl Notlro tneoà Bnvnsneo ej A`feur no Lurepl! CLXNN]ergnom X`plr Oe 0>>>)8>>./ Rdl Sp`tnà Lceoeiy/Cntnls! Vlmneos òb Notlro`tneoà Rr`bl! INR Xrlss! Cìfrnbml! I@/

Dl`b! G/ òb I`ylr! R/ $6883./ Rdl Lipnrncs ej @mmaeilr`tneo òbRr`bl! no Dòbfeeg ej Vlmneoà òb \rfò Lceoeincs Zeauil NZ!lbntlb fy Z/ Dloblrseo òb K/J/ Rdnssl/

Dlornet! @/ $6883./ Xresplcts jer tdl Aec`tneo ej Nobustrnà @ctnvntnls`jtlr L\ Loa`rmlilot! CEL ]ergnom X`plr! Oe :0! Kòu`ry/

Dnrsdiò! @/ E/ $0>>/

Grumiò! X/ V/ $0>>0`./ Mlemr`pdy òb Rr`bl! INR Xrlss/Grumiò! X/ V/ $0>>0f./ Nocrl`snom Vlturos òb Lceoeinc Mlemr`pdy!

Keuroà ej Xeantncà Lceoeiy >>! pp/ 243)2>>/




32/34

Aòblsiòo! I/ $6883./ Structurà jl`turls ej lceoeinc notlmr`tneo no òLoa`rmlb Lurepl; p`ttlros ej c`tcdnom)up òb nobustrnà splcnàns`tneo!Lceoeinc X`plrs Oe 040! BM Lceoeiy òb Jnoòcl! LureplòCeiinssneo/

Aubli`! V/ òb ]eeteo! N/ $0>>>./ Vlmneoà Notlmr`tneo! Rr`bl! òb

Inmr`tneo; @rl Bliòb Anog`ml Vlalvòt no Lurepl5! no Inmr`tneotdl Ceotrevlrsnls òb tdl Lvnblocl! J`non V/! bl Ilae K/ òb G/[niilriòo $lbs/.! CLXV Aeobeo/

Iòzeccdn! S/ òb Ett`vnòe! M/ N/ X/ $6880./ Eutsnblrs no LceoeincNotlmr`tneo; tdl C`sl ej ` Rròsntneo Lceoeiy! Lceoeincs ejRròsntneo! vea/ > $0.! pp/ 66>)62>/

I`rguslo! K/ V/ $0>>! Oe 6! pp/ 0:>)04>/

Inblaj`rt)Go`rvng! G/ D/! Evlriò! D/! Vlbbnom! S/ òb Zlo`fals! @/$6886./ Notlmr`tneo òb Nobustrnà Splcnàns`tneo no tdl Lureplò\oneo! Vlvul ceoeinqul! )240/

Ieudeub! L/ I/ $0>>=./ Rdl Anogs fltwllo Inmr`tneo! Jrll Rr`bl òbVlmneoà Notlmr`tneo; splcnjnc cd`r`ctlrnstncs ej tdl CLLCs! noInmr`tneo! Jrll Rr`bl òb Vlmneoà Notlmr`tneo no Clotrà òb L`stlroLurepl! ELCB ]NJE! Zlra`m stlrrlncd! ]nlo/

Ol`ry! K/ X/ $6880./ Ej Dypl òb Dyplrfea`s; Notrebucnom tdl OlwLceoeinc Mlemr`pdy!Keuroà ej Lceoeinc Antlr`turl! vea/ 3>;6! Kuol!pp/ 4./ @mmaeilr`tneo no tdl MaefàLceoeiy; ` Survly ej tdl Olw Lceoeinc Mlemr`pdy! Rdl ]erabLceoeiy 60! pp/=8=)=30/

Ett`vnòe! M/ N/ X/ òb Rdnssl! K/ J/ $6880./ Eo Lceoeinc Mlemr`pdyno Lceoeinc Rdlery; Nocrl`snom Vlturos òb Xlcuon`ry Lxtlroàntnls!Keuroà ej Lceoeinc Mlemr`pdy0! pp/ 0/

Ett`vnòe! M/ N/ X/ òb Rdnssl! K/ J/ $6883./ @mmaeilr`tneo òb LceoeincMlemr`pdy! no Dòbfeeg ej Vlmneo a òb \rfò Lceoeincs ZeauilNZ! lbntlb fy Z/ Dloblrseo òb K/ J/ Rdnssl

Evlriò! D/! Vlbbnom! S/ òb Zlo`fals! @/ $6883./ Rdl LceoeincMlemr`pdy ej Rr bl! Xrebuctneo! ob Noceil; @ Survly ej Lipnrncs!no Rdl Dòbfeeg ej Notlro`tneoà Rr blK/ D`rrnmò òb G/ Cden $lbs/.!F`sna Fa`cgwlaa/! Exjerb/

X`vntt! G $0>42./ Slcterà X`ttlros ej Rlcdoncà cdòml; Rew`rbs `

R`xeoeiy òb Rdlery! Vlsl`rcd Xeancy! vea/ 03$:.! pp/ 323)3=3/Xum`! B/ $0>>>./ Rdl Vnsl òb Jàa ej Vlmneoà Nolqu antnls! Lureplò

Lceoeinc Vlvnlw23! pp/ 383)332/




33/34

Xum`! B/ òb Zlo`fals! @/ $0>>>./ @mmaeilr`tneo òb LceoeincBlvlaepilot; Nipert Sufstntutneo vs/ Rr`bl Anflràns`tneo! Lceoeinc

Keuroà! veauil 08>! Nssul 2

Vlsinon! A/ $6888./ Rdl Bltlrinoòts ej Jerlnmo Bnrlct Novlstilot notdl CLLCs! Olw Lvnblocl Jrei Slcterà X`ttlros! Rdl Lceoeincs

ej Rròsntneo! vea/ 4! Oe 3! pp/ ::/Vnlflr! @/ òb Rrò! R/ @/ B/ $6886./ Rlcdoeaemy Bnjjusneo! Oertd)Seutd Spnaaevlrs òb Nobustrnà Aec`tneo! Keuroà ej LceoeincBlvlaepilot! vea/ 6=! Nssul 0! Kuol! pp/ 6!Nssul 0! Ecteflr! pp/ 0:./ Lqunanfrnui Aec`tneos ej Zlrtnc aay AnoglbNobustrnls! Notlro`tneoà Lceoeinc Vlvnlw3= $6.! pp/ 320)3/

]lrls` I/ $6880./ Rdl nip`ct ej jerlnmo bnrlct novlstilot eoXeaòbs tr`bl wntd Lureplò \oneo! Xest)Ceiiuonst Lceoeinls!vea/ 03! Oe 0/




34/34

@XXLOBNT;

Rdl X`vntt ca`ssnjnc`tneo

X`vntt $0>42. d`s blvlaeplb ` slcter a t`xeoeiy ej slcters ejprebuctneo òb usl ej nooev`tneo/ Dl nblotnjnls jeur i ker mreups ejslcters! wntd rlsplct ej tdl seurcl ej tdl nooev`tneos td`t tdly uslòb te tdl nojaulocl ej scnlocl eo tdl nobustrn a plrjeriòcl/

Suppanlr)beino`tlb slcters `rl fre`bay tr`bntneoà nobustrnls nowdncd nooev`tnvl `ctnvnty ns r`tdlr anintlb te `b`pt`tneo ej olw c`pnt alqunpilots òb notlrilbn`tl noputs wdncd d`vl fllo blvlaeplb òbprebuclb fy upstrlì suppanlrs/ Rdly nocaubl tlxtnal! caetdnom! al`tdlr!prnotnom òb pufansdnom! weeb prebucts./

Scàl)notlosnvl nobustrnls iestay rlay eo scàl lceoeinls noprebuctneo òb blsnmo er V*B prevnblb fetd notlroàay er fylqunpilot suppanlrs/ Rdns mreup nocaubls tròspert lqunpilot! c`rs!

lalctrncà ceosuilr bur`fals! iltà iòuj`cturnom! p`rts ej tdl cdlincànobustry

Splcnànslb suppanlr nobustrnls lifeby ` splcnànslb goewalbmlno blsnmo òb lqunpilot)funabnom/ Rdly mlolr`tl prebucts `nilb `tsplcnjnc `ppanc`tneos! i`rglt slmilots er snomal uslrs/ Rypncàay! tdnsmreup nocaubls ilcdòncà òb nostruilots lomnollrnom/

Scnlocl)f`slb slcters nocaubl tdl lalctreoncs nobustrnls òbiest ej tdl cdlinc a nobustrnls $pd`ri`clutncàs./ I`ker nooev`tneos`s wlaa `s tdl niprevlilots no preclss ynlabs `rl jrlqulot no tdlslslcters wdlrl V*B òb a`fer`ternls `rl gly lalilots/ @ dnmdprepertneo ej tdlnr prebuct nooev`tneo lotlrs ` wnbl ouiflr ej slcters

`s c`pntà er notlrilbn`tl noputs/



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