Etruscan That is of PREHISTORIC

7/31/2019 Etruscan That is of PREHISTORIC

1/28

9

Avrqbi`7 i` irbdieb jkrc kj Dq`nirei`$okkl qcciru%

ou Cirek Imeàe

Vda Dq`nirei` vri`mivek` kj cu okklAvrqbk7 qì jkrciirbiebi fe q`ndaraa- em Cqme`k- Okmknì- ?882- di oaa`xqomedaf ou IMM X_E@V Leif- Oqfixav- ?881- ~evd vda

vevma7I`bea`v me`l7 vda Cinuir#Avrqbi` me`nqeveb ramivek`dex


2/28

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E` vda v~k zkmqca raxrkfqbaf e` vda jkmmk~e`n jenqra- ~debd bica kqv

raxabvezamu e` 955: i`f ?888- E diza emmqvrivaf vda Ximiakmevdeb

Bk`ve`qevu Vdakru $XBV% k` E`fk#Aqrkxai`- Qrimeb i`f Imvieb

mi`nqina. Vde vdakru di oaa` ifzi`baf e`faxa`fa`vmu- i`f+kr e iv

xraa`v jkmmk~af ou qbd bdkmir i vda Oamnei` xradevkrei` CirbamKvva $Q`. kj Mena%- vda Narci` irbdiakmknev Imati`far Dqmar

$Qèz. kj Dimma%- vda Jra`bd me`nqev Gai` Ma Fq $Qèz. kj Orav%- vda

Rxièd me`nqev Tizarek Oimmavar $Qèz. kj Zima`bei%- vda Evimei`

me`nqev Nioreama Bkvi $Qèz. kj Varè%- Jri`babk Oa`kwwk $Qèz. kj

Okmknì%- Jri`bk Biziwwi $Qèz. kj Okmknì% i`f kvdar. Vda cie`

xke`v kj vda XBV e vdiv E`fk#Aqrkxai`- Qrimeb i`f Imvieb xakxma

oamk`n vk vda nrkqx kjDkck ixea` ~dk diza xkxqmivaf Aqriei

e`ba Ximiakmevdeb veca.


3/28

2

Vda XBV di i` ecxkrvi`v xrafabakr e` vda Q_IMEB BK@VE@QEVUVDAK_U$qrimemie`a` givlqzqqvakrei%- bqrra`vmu ibbaxvaf ou vda nraivcigkrevu kj Qrimeb me`nqev i`f irbdiakmknev. Ibbkrfe`n vk vde

vdakru Qrimeb xkxqmivek` oamk`naf vk vda nrkqx kjDkck ixea`

ixea` ~dk dif avvmaf e` Aqrkxa e` Ximiakmevdeb veca. Vdau ~aravdq imraifu e` Aivar` Aqrkxa fqre`n vda miv Nmibeim $92.888 o.B.%-

i`f ckzaf vk vda @krvd iv vda veca kj vda fanmibeivek` $5.888 o.B.%- e`

krfar vk bk`ve`qa vdaer bqmvqra kj xabeimewaf dq`var i`f jedarca`

$aa jenqra%.

Jkmmk~e`n vde ba`irek vda Cinuir- vknavdar ~evd vda kvdar Qnreb

nrkqx- cqv diza avvmaf e` vda irai kj vda Ko rezar- vdq jkrce`n vda

kqvd#aivar`ckv nrkqx kj vda Je``k#Qnrei`


4/28

6

Vda xraa`v fevreoqvek` kj imm Qrimeb mi`nqina $aa jenqra%- atbaxv

Cinuir- xarjabvmu bkrraxk`f vk vda baìrek rabk`vrqbvaf ou vda

Qrimeb Bk`ve`qevu Vdakru.

Vda k`mu xrkomac- i e l`k~`- e vdiv kj vdaDk`jknmim $dkcami`f

kbbqxivek`% kj vda Cinuir- ~dk iv i veca ~debd di `kv uav oaaàviomed ~evd barvie`vu- cqv diza axirivaf jrkc vda kvdar Qnreb

xakxma i`f ckzaf jrkc vda Ko rezar irai vk vdaer devkrebim varrevkru.

Vda à~ XBV kjjar i à~ kmqvek` jkr vde xrkomac i`f- iv vda ica

veca- vda amaca`v jkr i fack`vrivek` kj vda efa`vevu kj vda

xradevkreb Cinuir ~evd vda i`bea`v Avrqbi`.


5/28


6/28

:


7/28

>

Aqrieiveb `kcifeb bqmvqra oane` ou fajeèvek` # ~evd

dkra#refe`n. I`f dkra#refe`n acarna e` vda vaxxa irai- e`

vda 6vd cemma`èqc- ~evde` vda k bimmaf Rarafùe Rvkn $3 RR%

bqmvqra- ~debd i ~a diza irnqaf cqv oa iqcaf i

VQ_LEB. Jrkc vda RR bqmvqra vdara fazamkx- e` vda 2rfcemma`èqc- vda ckra jickq lqrni` kr Uicìei $3 U%bqmvqra- ~debd cqv imk oa iqcaf i VQ_LEB.

â cqv `k~ rabimm vdiv vda CINUI_ varce`kmknu jkr

DK_RA i`f DK_RA _EFE@N e VQ_LEB kj krene`- i`f e

diraf ou vda KO#QN_EB mi`nqina.

Vde di jq`fica`vim ecxmebivek` jkr vda FIVE@N KJ VDAQN_EB Q@EVU7

$9%

CINUI_ I@F KO#QN_EB MI@NQINAR cqvdiza oaa` vemm qèvaf e` vdaer ~avar` ba`vrim Ieiveb

varrevkru e` vda 6vd i`f 2rf cemma`èqc- ~da` vda


8/28

4

jerv DK_RA#_EFE@N VQ_LEB BQMVQ_AR

fazamkxaf e` vda vaxxa irai- vk vda Rkqvd kj vdaer

avvmaca`v.

$?% Vdau cqv diza oaa` zaru cqbd e`jmqa`baf ou vdac-imk bqmvqrimmu.


9/28

5

Ckv kj vda XKMEVEBIM- RKBEIM i`f IN_EBKMVQ_IM

VQ_LEB $axabeimmu BDQZIRD% MKI@^K_FR e` CINUI_-

dk~azar- I_A @KV RDI_AF OU KO#QN_EB MI@NQINAR.

E` vqr`- vde ecxmea vdiv vda Cinuir- IJVA_ vdaer axirivek`

jrkc vda kvdar Ko#Qnreb mi`nqina- cqv diza q`farnkà iRABK@F ÎZA KJ VQ_LEB E@JMQA@BAR.

^da` fef vda RAXI_IVEK@ kj vda Cinuir jrkc vda Ko#Qnrei`vda` vila xmiba;I I_BDIAKMKNU e`jkrc q- iv vda a`f kj vda 2 cemma`èqc

o.B. i LQ_NI@nrkqx e`zifaf Dq`niru fqre`n vda bmiebxarekf kj vda OIFA@ bqmvqra. I vde e vda k`mu irbdiakmknebimmu

~amm#ivvavaf axekfa kj e`ziek` kj vda Dq`nirei` varrevkru- ~adiza `k imvarìveza i vk vda bk`bmqek` vdiv ev ~i vde nrkqx-

xrkoiomu VQ_LEB BDQZIRD- ~debd biqaf vda axirivek` kj vdaCinuir jrkc vda kvdar Qnreb xakxma- iv vda ica veca

ibbqmvqrive`n i`f nqefe`n vdac vk vdaDk`jknmim- vda bk`yqav kjvdaer devkrebim varrevkru.

VdaDk`jknmim iv vda a`f kjvda 2rf cemma`èqc- e` vda mendvkj vda VBX


10/28

98

Ckrakzar- i e` vda mendv kj vda XBV vda lqrni` bqmvqra cqvoa iqcaf i VQ_LEB- i`f vda Oifa` bqmvqra iRMIZEB-vde ~kqmf atxmie` ~du Cinuir di k ci`u VQ_LEB

MKI@^K_FR @KV RDI_AF OU VDA KVDA_ QN_EB

$I@F Q_IMEB% MI@NQINAR- i ~amm i k ci`u RMIZEB

XMIBA @ICAR.


11/28

99

^DU Â_A AV_QRBI@R CINUI_;$9% I_BDIAKMKNU- e`ba vda uair Raza`vea- di bk`bmqfaf vdivvda i`bavkr kj vda Avrqbi`- vda k bimmaf ZEMMI@KZEI@R$jrkcvda ìca kj vda Ba`vrim#Evimei` bqmvqra kj ZEMMI@KZI- kj vda

oane`è`n kj vda 9v

cemma`èqc% bica jrkc vda Birxivk#Fi`qoeiìrai. Vda irbdiakmknev ~dk di bk`vreoqvaf vda ckv vk vde

febkzaru e vda Icarebi` Dqnd Da`bla`.

$?% Vda Zemmi`kzei` i`f vdaer xrafabakr Xrkvk#Zemmi`kzei`

~ara bdiribvarewaf- ick`n kvdar vde`n- ou bracivek`. Bracivek`

kreneìvaf e` ba`vrim Aqrkxa ~evd vda k bimmaf Qr` Jeamf.

Vda airmeav Qr` Jeamf e` ba`vrim Aqrkxa ira vda Dq`nirei` kà

$Da`bla`%.

$2% Ckrakzar- Birxivk#fi`qoei` e`jmqa`ba k` Evimei` xradevkruoani` cqbd airmear7

$I% Rvirve`n jrkc vda 2_F CEMMA@@EQC- Evimei` xradevkru aa

i` imckv bk`ve`qkq xraa`ba kj ba`vrim#Aqrkxai` e`jmqa`ba

$Oirjeamf%.

$6% E` vda ?@F

CEMMA@@EQC- vda k bimmaf Ork`wa Ina

Varracira e` vda Xk Zimmau $Acemei%- i`f vda irvejebeim demm kj

Ork`wa Ina avvmaca`v e` vda Fi`qoa xmie` $a.n. Vwan% ira

racirliomu ecemir $Oirjeamf%.$1% Irbdiakmknebim azefa`ba jkr Birxivk#Fi`qoei` e`jmqa`ba k` vda

xradevkru kj @krvdar` Evimu e ibvqimmu qbd i vk cila kà vde`l kj

i` IBVQIM E@ZIREK@ kj vda Xk Zimmau ou xakxma bkce`n

jrkc Aiv$Oirjeamf- bj. Birfiramme%.

KOOMENIVK_U BK@BMQREK@7

E` vda mendv kj vda XBV- vda Birxivk#Fi`qoei` xakxma ~dk

atarbeaf k cqbd e`jmqa`ba k` `krvdar` Evimu e` vda bkqra

kj vda 2rf i`f ?`f cemma`èqc- i`f ~dk oabica vdaZemmi`kzei` kj vda 9v cemma`èqc- bi` k`mu oa vda daer kj

vda bk`yqarkr kj Dq`niru e` vda 2rf cemma`èqc- vdiv e

Cinuir ~dk dif oaa` ibbqmvqraf ou Vqrleb meva.


12/28

9?

VDA ECXK_VI@BA KJ VDA VQ_LEB _KMA E@

VDA X_AERVK_U KJ VDA CINUI_R I@F IR

ÊMM OA RDK^@ # KJ VDA AV_QRBI@R

Dqnd Da`bla`- vda cie` bdkmir kj vda Xrkvk#Avrqbi`bqmvqra kj Zemmi`kzi- di ifzi`baf vda duxkvdae vdiv e` vda

?`f cemma`èqc o.B. vda Avrqbi` ~dk ~ara bimmaf

VU_RA@KEou vda Nraal jrkc vda Birxivk#Fi`qoei`ranek` cendv diza raibdaf vda aivar` Cafevarriài`- i`f

bkqmf vdq oa efa`vejeaf ~evd vda VQ_RDI- kà kj vdajickq RAI XAKXMA vrqnnme`n jkr vda bk`vrkm kj

Cafevarriài` Rai i`f ca`vekàf ou i`bea`v Anuxvei`.

Vde duxkvdae di oaa` raba`vmu vra`nvdaàf ou vda

febkzaru vdiv vda mi`nqina kj vda e`brexvek` kj vda emi`f

kj Mac`k e` vda Anai` Rai e imk Avrqbi`.

E`fexa`fa`vmu jrkc Da`bla` raiairbd k` Avrqbi`- imk

DQ@NI_EI@ I_BDIAKMKNERVR $a.n. Veokr Lkzb%

diza ifzi`baf vda duxkvdae vdiv ?`f cemma`èqc

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RAI XAKXMA.Vda MIVE@ @ICAR jkr vda Avrqbi`- ìcamu VQRBE$=VQ$_%RBE%-AV_QRBE $= AVQ_RBE%-AV_Q_EI $=AV_QREI = AVQ_REI%- i ~amm i vda Nraal kàVU_RA@KE- bkqmf vdq oa bk`àbvaf ~evd vda ìca kj vdaVQ_LR- i`vebexive`n vda mk`n area kj VQ_LEB K_

IMVIEB @ICAR vdiv diza oaa` neza` vk vda Cinuir e`

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oabica vda e`fqvreim dairv kj Aqrkxa $Oirjeamf% i`f

Dq`nirei` cavimmqrnu- ijvar raibde`n ev waèvd- virvaf kjji ~iza kj atxièk` bicxien` kj vda Cinuir.


13/28

92

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kbeim i`f xkmevebim le`f- bkrraxk`f vk vda Dq`nirei` kà

~evd i Vqrleb krene` $a.n.nuqmi- la`fa%.

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bimmaf bkcoeìvkreim kr darcaàqveb- oabiqa ev di

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i`f bqmvqrim bk`vatv- ~evdkqv vda diwirf kj vda ivvacxv vkbk`àbv Avrqbi` ~evd kà kr i`kvdar mi`nqina. Vdarajkra

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Vda bk`bmqek` kj

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k` vda cie` me`nqeveb vriev

kj Avrqbi`7

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3 Dq`nirei` i`f

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atbmqezamu zkebama

$X V L%

3 Qrimeb

Vda ummioma vrqbvqra e kxa` $3 ev

a`f e` zk~am%

3 Qrimeb


14/28

96

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15/28

91

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16/28

9:

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17/28

9>

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18/28

94

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19/28

95

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20/28

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21/28

?9

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22/28

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23/28

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