Ethnic Minority Development Plan PHI: Integrated Natural ...

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Ethnic Minority Development Plan __________________________________________________________________________

Project No: 41220-013 May 2019

PHI: Integrated Natural Resources and Environmental Management Project For Maranao subprojects:

Natural Resources Management Rural Infrastructures Livelihood Enhancement Support

Prepared by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources for the Asian Development Bank.

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CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS

(as of 15 April 2019) Currency unit – peso (PhP)

PhP 1.00 = $ 0.01938 $1.00 = PhP 51.5875

ABBREVIATIONS

ADB Asian Development Bank ARMM BDC

Autonomous Region for Muslim Mindanao Barangay Development Council

CSO DENR

Civil Society Organization Department of Environment and Natural Resources

INREMP Integrated Natural Resources and Environment Management Project LGU Local Government Unit NPCO National Project Coordinating Office NRM Natural Resources Management PMIC Project Management Implementation Consultant PMO Project Management Office PMU Project Management Unit POs Peoples’ Organizations RCPC Reinforced Concrete Pipe Culvert RPCO Regional Project Coordinating Offices SB Sangguniang Bayan SPMU Sub-Project Management Unit SPS SSS

Safeguard Policy Statement Social Safeguards Specialist

TOR Terms of Reference WMA Watershed Management Area WMPCO Watershed Management and Project Coordination Offices

NOTE

In this report, "$" refers to US dollars unless otherwise stated. This Ethnic Minority Development Plan for Maranao is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

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GLOSSARY

Ancestral Domains - areas generally belonging to ICCs/IPs comprising lands, inland waters, coastal areas, and natural resources held under a claim of ownership, occupied or possessed by ICCs/IPs, by themselves or through their ancestors, communally or individually since time immemorial, continuously to the present even when interrupted by war, force majeure or displacement by force, deceit, stealth or as a consequence of government projects or any other voluntary dealings entered into by government and private individuals or corporations, and which are necessary to ensure their economic, social and cultural welfare. It shall include forests, pastures, residential, agricultural and other lands individually owned whether alienable and disposable otherwise, hunting grounds, burial rounds, worship areas, bodies of water, mineral and other natural resources and lands which may no longer be exclusively occupied by ICCs/IPs but from which they traditionally had access to for their subsistence and traditional activities, particularly the home ranges of ICCs and IPs who are still nomadic and or shifting cultivators. Ancestral Lands - refer to "lands occupied, possessed and utilized by individuals, families and clans who are members of the ICCs/IPs since time immemorial, by themselves or through their predecessors-in-interest, under claims of individual or traditional group ownership, continuously, to the present even when interrupted by war, force majeure or displacement by force, deceit, stealth or as a consequence of government projects, and other voluntary dealings entered into by government and private individuals/corporations, including, but not limited to residential lots, rice terraces or paddies, private forests, swidden farms and tree lots." Certificate of Ancestral Domain Title (CADT) - refers to a title formally recognizing the rights of possession and ownership of ICCs/IPs over their ancestral domains identified and delineated in accordance with this law. Certificate of Ancestral Land Title (CALT) - refers to a title formally recognizing the rights of ICCs/IPs over their ancestral lands. Indigenous Cultural Community/ Indigenous People – refers to a group of people or homogenous societies identified by self-ascription and ascription by others, who have continuously lived as organized community on communally bounded and defined territory, and who have, under claims of ownership since time immemorial, occupied, possessed and utilized such territories, sharing common bonds of language, customs, traditions and other distinctive cultural traits, or who have, through resistance to political, social and cultural inroads of colonization, non-indigenous religions and cultures, became historically differentiated from the majority of Filipinos. ICCs/IPs shall likewise include peoples who are regarded as indigenous on account of their descent from the populations which inhabited the country, at the time of conquest or colonization, or at the time of inroads of non-indigenous religions and cultures, or the establishment of present state boundaries, who retain some or all of their own social, economic, cultural and political institutions, but who may have been displaced from their traditional domains or who may have resettled outside their ancestral domains”. Protected Area - refers to identified portions of land and water set aside by reasons of their unique physical and biological significance, managed to enhance biological diversity and protected against destructive human exploitation.

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Maranao –An ethnic tribe known as the “People of the Lake”, which is one of 13 ethnoliguistic groups in Mindanao. They are also one of the main Muslim-Moro ethnolinguistic groups in Mindanao. Bangsamoro People –Those who, at the advent of the Spanish colonization, were considered natives or original inhabitants of Mindanao and Sulu Archipelago and its adjacent islands, whether of mixed of full blood, shall have the right to identify themselves, their spouses and descendants, as Bangsamoro1

1 Art II, Section 1 of Republic Act 11054 –An act providing for the organic law for the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region for Muslim Mindanao

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Table of Contents GLOSSARY ................................................................................................................................. III LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................................ VI A. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ....................................................................................................... 1 B. PROJECT DESCRIPTION .................................................................................................... 5 C. SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ....................................................................................... 26 D. SOME SOCIAL AND CULTURAL PRACTICES OF MARANAO ETHNIC GROUP ............ 32 E. DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF MARANAO ETHNIC GROUP............................................ 33 F. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF NATURAL RESOURCES OF LAKE LANAO RIVE BASIN ....... 34 H. KEY PROJECT STAKEHOLDERS ...................................................................................... 35 I. ADVERSE AND POSITIVE EFFECTS OF THE PROJECT ................................................ 35 J. PEOPLE’S PERCEPTION ABOUT THE PROJECT ........................................................... 35 L. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION ........................ 36 M. BENEFICIAL AND MITIGATION MEASURES .................................................................... 58 N. CAPACITY BUILDING ......................................................................................................... 59 O. INSTITUTIONAL AND IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENT ........................................... 60 Q. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM .............................................................................. 66 R. MONITORING, REPORTING AND EVALUATION .............................................................. 68 S. BUDGET AND FINANCING ................................................................................................ 69 P. ANNEXES ........................................................................................................................... 71

Annex 1. Documentation of Consultations for NRM ................................................................... 71

Annex 2. Documentation of Consultations LES .......................................................................... 71

Annex 3. Documentation of Consultations RI ............................................................................. 71

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LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. Proposed rural infrastructure subproposals of six local government units

in the LLRB . .................................................................................................................... 6

Table 2. List of livelihood enhancement support subprojects proposals in the LLRB. .................. 8

Table 3. List of Natural Resources Management (NRM) subproject proposals for the LLRB. ...... 9

Table 4. Estimated distribution of population over time in the LLRB. ......................................... 33

Table 5. List of consultative meetings for the 41 POs in the LLRB. ............................................ 38

Table 6. Implementation schedule .............................................................................................. 65

Table 7. Indicative Budget .......................................................................................................... 69

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A. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1. Lake Lanao River Basin (LLRB) in the province of Lanao del Sur, which is within the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao (BARMM), is the largest lake in Mindanao and considered as one of the 15 ancient lakes in the world. It has a total area of 174,407 hectares, which is divided into 91,091-ha forestland, 47,742-ha alienable and disposable lands, and 35, 574-ha Lake Lanao water. It is comprised of six sub-watersheds, namely: Bubong, Malaig, Marawi-Saguiran, Taraka, Gata, and West. There are 29 Municipalities and one city (Marawi City), and 800 Barangays within the LLRB. The water in Lake Lanao is the source of hydroelectric power, which provides about 65% of the total electricity needs of the entire Mindanao.

2. The Lake Lanao is central to the socio-cultural identity of one of the Muslim Moro peoples of the south2 It is also the essence of history, culture, religion, and livelihood of the people in Lanao del Sur called Maranao or M’ranaw, which literally means the “People of the Lake”.

3. The main environmental and social problems in Lake Lanao are deforestation, unsustainable farming, limited economic opportunities, and limited development projects, particularly in rural areas, which largely contributed to poverty and degradation of the natural resources in the watershed. The unique Maranao culture, religious beliefs, and political dynamics also largely influenced the governance system and developmental interventions, particularly in implementation of the project on the ground.

4. To date, the Philippine government, through the DENR, has been implementing the Integrated Natural Resources and Environmental Management Project (INREMP), which aims to reduce and reverse the degradation of watershed resources and to provide incentives to local communities and other stakeholders for improving natural resources management through generation of sufficient and tangible economic benefits.

5. The Maranao Ethnic Development Plan is a planning document that provides a general description on what ought to be done to address the social safeguards concerns of INREMP subprojects in the LLRB taking into account the unique cultural settings, governance system, religious beliefs, social dynamics, and perceptions of the community.

6. One of the keys for a successful implementation of any development projects in the LLRB is the social acceptability of the development interventions. To ensure social acceptability of the project, the design of the project’s implementation plan must incorporate cultural, political, local practices, religious beliefs, governance system, and community’s perceptions.

7. Some of the important cultural, social practices, and religious beliefs among the Maranaos are the following:

a. About 93.6% of the total population of 1,043,426 in Lanao del Sur are followers of the Islamic religion3. This belief is largely influenced by the Sunni Islam, which is the largest denomination of Islam in the world.

2 Naga P. 2010. Lake Lanao. An Ancient Lake in Distress. 3 Philippine Statistics Authority, 2015 Census of Population

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b. Maranaos are clannist ethnic group. They put high premium on extended family ties, either by consanguinity (blood) or affinity (marriages) even beyond six degrees, which is an advantage during political race and clan war (Rido).

c. Marriage in Maranao is usually done through arrangement by parents of the bride and groom. A dowry is given by the groom’s family to the bride’s family in the form of goods, cash, and real or movable property as part of the marriage gifts to the newlywed couple. Mixed marriages between Muslim and Christian is prohibited under Islam. However, Muslim men may marry Christian women with the condition that the bride shall convert into Islam religion. Maranaos, being Muslims, may choose Shariah law or National law to govern the legality of their personal or civil relationships.

d. Maranaos are also large families, with an average family size of six members. The men can marry up to four women as long as he can provide with equal treatment. Birth control is not being practiced among Maranaos because children are God’s gift.

e. Although few individuals in Lanao del Sur are holders of land titles issued by the Register of Deeds, in most cases, however, the lands in Lanao del Sur, particularly those in the upland and agricultural areas, are traditionally owned by clan or community. Ownership of these lands is not by virtue of Certificate of Title issued by the government, but through traditions and continuous possession of the lands from generations to generation. Though ownership is not supported with legal documents, land grabbing in Lanao Sur is uncommon in Lanao because this may set the motion of clan war in which everyone is trying to avoid.

f. “Rido” or clan war is a form of extrajudicial means of seeking justice of one family or clan retribution against another family or clan for the crime or disgrace committed by one member or relative of another family or clan. Rido is usually one of the reasons for less development interventions in many rural areas due to security issues and high risk of failure of the project.

g. Maranaos strongly like to be treated homogenously, particularly in giving of benefits or favor. In giving of rewards or benefits, the provider shall ensure that everyone is treated equally. Giving of preference to one group or individual must be avoided because this will result in conflict and complaints from intended beneficiaries. This is why in the LLRB, the awarding of contracts to INREMP beneficiaries is done through a public forum and in the presence of all stakeholders.

h. The Maranaos are proud people. They consistently expressed frustrations and objections to be called IPs, although in strict legal technical description, they are qualified to be called as such. The word “ethnic tribe”, although with same meaning as IP, is a more friendly title for this group of people with distinct cultural identity.

i. They also like to advertise accomplishments or achievements of their family or clan members. For this reason, tarpaulins are hanging everywhere in Lanao

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del Sur, as a way of recognition and appreciation of the accomplishments or achievements of their relatives or family members.

j. The Maranaos are also known as warriors, which has been proven throughout history. They had fought all foreign intruders in this country and never surrendered in the war against Spaniards, Americans and Japanese. They had also been proven as good warriors when they put up a strong resistance against the government forces for five months during the Marawi siege.

8. In terms of governance, the LLRB’s governance system is complicated because of many interest groups want to play a role in the management of the resources in the watershed and enjoy benefits therein. These groups include:

a. Local Executives. Maranaos considered the elective government officials as representative of the government. They have high respect for their local executives. However, qualifications of candidates usually do not count much to win the elective position. Election to the position is usually dictated by money, power, prestige, and size of clan. Like any other localities in other regions of the country, vote buying is usually resorted to by politicians to win the votes. This is why winning an elective position in Lanao del Sur is a very expensive business. Due to rampant vote buying and huge expenses during election, the constituents tended to believe that development funds are for politicians and not for them because they already got their share during the election period.

b. Traditional Leaders. Originally, the Muslim Mindanao is governed by Sultans, the traditional Muslim leaders. In LLRB, there are many enthroned “Sultans” across the different municipalities. The traditional leaders are considered people’s representative. In many instances, however, traditional leaders and local government officials are not collaborating each other in the management and development of the areas within their jurisdiction.

c. Community Leaders and Clan Elders. The community leaders are usually elected as barangay chairmen or councilors in their respective localities. The leaders are those with good reputation in the community, and usually the elders of the clan. These leaders play a very important role in the implementation of development projects on the ground.

d. Religious Leaders. The Maranaos consider the religious leaders as God’s representatives. These are the groups that possess moral ascendancy whom the local communities have placed high trust and confidence. Religious leaders are excellent agents of information, education, and communication campaign of any projects to be implemented on the ground.

e. In all projects to be implemented on the ground, these groups of leaders must be consulted and recognized, particularly during the stakeholders’ consultation process. Failure to give due recognition of any of these groups sometimes results in problems during the implementation of the project.

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9. Generally, Maranaos are traders. They have good skills in small scale business, particularly selling dry goods and farm products. They are found everywhere in the country doing entrepreneurship.

10. The Maranao also put high value on sustainable environmental resources. This value is reflected under the Al Khalifa (The Steward) concept in Islam in which the conservation, protection, constructive utilization, management, and development of forestlands and their resources are considered as a Divine trust and people involved in those duties and obligations shall be considered as stewards or trustees who are not only responsible for the State, the people, and the Region, but also accountable to Almighty God.4 Unfortunately, poverty, lack of alternative livelihood, and limited economic opportunities have forced many of the stakeholders of LLRB to engage in unsustainable resource extraction activities, such as logging and conversion of forestland land into agricultural fields.

11. Given the above-mentioned issues, problems, and information about the Maranao culture and practices, the government has invested watershed development project, known as INREMP with the main objectives of rehabilitation of the degraded environment in the LLRB. Main strategies include rehabilitation, protection, conservation, and poverty alleviation. The INREM Project sets the motion for the rehabilitation of the forest resources in the LLRB through the implementation of natural resources management projects (NRM), livelihood enhancement support (LES), and rural infrastructures (RI).

a. The NRM projects are divided into reforestation, commercial tree plantation, agroforestry, and conservation farming with a total budget of PhP 78,280,089.00. The LES project has been given to People’s Organization, which are partners in the implementation of NRM programs.

b. The LES subprojects have a total cost of PhP 9,044, 700.00, which will be utilized to finance livelihood projects such as turmeric production, solar dryer, palapa production, purchase of farm equipment and machinery, and many others.

c. To facilitate easy access to the market of farm products, reduce the transportation costs, increase farm outputs, and provide easy access to water sources, the RI projects, which include farm to market road and potable water system, have also been supported by INREMP, with a total cost of about PhP 97,015,231.05. The RI subprojects have been distributed to six local government units, including the municipalities of Piagapo, Saguiran, Tamparan, and Lumba.

12. The implementation of all development projects in the LLRB must be carried out following a thorough stakeholders’ consultation, which would promote social acceptability. It is important that all people in the community must share the benefits of the project and recognize the importance of the project in driving economic growth and providing livelihood opportunities to insure long-term sustainability. Each of the key leaders (LGU, Traditional Leaders, Community Leaders, and Religious Leaders) must be properly consulted. The social and cultural sensitivity must be taken into consideration in the design of the project. In the implementation arrangement, the community partners must be empowered through capacity

4 Sec 3(b). of Muslim Autonomy Act No. 161-Ac Act providing for sustainable forest management in the

Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao and for other purposes

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and skill building. Too much bureaucracy in the process flow of funding must be avoided. It is a good strategy that financial assistance must be given directly to the implementers on the ground to avoid slashing of budgets and political patronage.

B. PROJECT DESCRIPTION

13. The Lake Lanao River Basin (LLRB) is located in the province of Lanao del Sur of the Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao (ARMM). Geographically, it is located between 7° 50' 0" N latitude and 124° 20' 0" E longitude. It is the largest lake in Mindanao, the second largest in the Philippines and one of the ancient lakes on Earth. It has six sub-watersheds covering 29 Municipalities, and one city. The province of Lanao del Sur is located south of Lanao del Norte province; east of Bukidnon province, and south of the provinces of Maguindanao and North Cotabato. To the southwest is Illana Bay, part of the Moro Gulf. 5

14. More than 90% of the area is located in Lanao del Sur, which is composed of 39 municipalities, 1 city and 1,159 barangays. These include Marawi City and Municipalities of Bacolod-Kalawi, Balindong, Baloi, Bayang, Binidayan, Buadipuso-Buntong, Bubong, Buldon, Bumbaran, Butig, Ditsaan-Ramain, Ganassi, Lumba-Bayabao, Lumbatan, Lumbayanague, Madalum, Marantao, Matungao, Masiu, Mulondo, Pagayawan, Piagapo, Pona Bayabao, Saguiran, Sultan Dumalondong, Tamparan, Taraka, and Tugaya.

15. The total area of the river basin, including the lake, is about 174,408 hectares, which is distributed as follows: Ramain sub-watershed (19,615 has.), Taraka sub-watershed (28,634-ha), Gata (24,144), Malaig sub-watershed (37,984-ha), West sub-watershed (17,971-ha), Marawi-Saguiran sub-watershed (10,487-ha), and Lake Lanao (35, 574-ha). It covers 29 Municipalities and Marawi City with 800 barangays and 90,081 households.

16. The water from the lake that flows through the Agus River propels six (6) hydro-electric power plants with a combined generation capacity of about 727.35 megawatt (MW) sustained electric power, providing about 65% of the total energy consumption in Mindanao6. The Lake receives water inputs from four major river tributaries of the LLRB: Ramain River (40 km), Taraka River (69 km), Gata River (38 km), and Malaig River (49 km), including hundreds of small intermittent creeks and streams that drain into the lake.7

17. The LLRB also provides various socio-economic, ecological, and cultural benefits for the people of Mindanao. It serves as a source of potable water for ablution and domestic use for the people in Lanao del Sur, transportation, irrigation water, and as source of freshwater fishes and shellfishes for local consumption8. The lake is also central to the socio-cultural identity of one of the Muslim Moro peoples of the south – the Maranaos, which literally

5 Project Administration Manual (PAM) of the Integrated Natural Resources and Environmental Management

Project (INREMP). October 2012. http://forestry.denr.gov.ph/inremp/downloads/inremp_pam.pdf [Accessed: 12/10/2017]

6 Ibid [1] 7 Naga P. 2010. Lake Lanao. An Ancient Lake in Distress (Unpublished) 8 Rosagaron RP 2001. Lake Lanao: Its past and present status, pp. 29-39. In CB Santiago, ML Cuvin-Aralar and ZU Basiao (eds.). Conservation and Ecological Management of Philippine Lakes in Relation to Fisheries and Aquaculture. Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Aquaculture Department, Iloilo, Philippines; Philippine Council for Aquatic and Marine Research and Development, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines; and Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources, Quezon City, Philippines. 187 pp.

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means “People of the Lake”9. It is also the essence of history, culture, religion, and livelihood of the people in Lanao del Sur.

18. Despite these direct and indirect benefits, the sustainability of the Lake’s resources have been compromised due to forest degradation, soil erosion and sedimentation, degraded water quality of the lake, solid waste management problem, poor governance, high poverty rates, unsustainable agricultural practices, poor rural infrastructure (road access, water facilities, etc.), security problems, steady decrease of water level in the lake, and extinction of some endemic species.

19. The INREMP has been implemented in the LLRB to address the unsustainable watershed management practices through reforestation, rehabilitation, and conservation projects, which are aimed to reduce and reverse degradation of watershed and associated environmental services caused by forest destruction and unsustainable farming practices. The main subprojects include Natural Resources Management (NRM), Rural Infrastructures (RI), and Livelihood Enhancement Support (LES).

20. Rural Infrastructure subprojects include rural access roads, farm-to-market access facilities in the production areas in forest lands, potable water supply units to upgrade the access of barangays to potable water from Level 1 to Level 2, and small irrigation systems in forest lands (between 0-8% slope) that do not have access to National Irrigation System and Communal Irrigation System. These projects are intended to support the NRM projects. In the case of LLRB, there are only two types of projects that have been proposed: farm-to market access road and potable water system, with a total estimated cost of about PhP 100,129,143.74. These projects are distributed to six local government units in the LLRB (Table 1), out of the 29 LGUs within the watershed. The substantial reduction of budget and number of LGU participants is the result of Marawi siege in which non-moving funds under INREMP are realigned to finance the Marawi rehabilitation projects.

Table 1. Proposed rural infrastructure subproject proposals of six

local government units in the LLRB

Subproject/ Location Estimated Cost Components Proponent Rehab of Paling -Mama-anun Access Road/ Mamaanun and Paling, Piagapo, Lanao del Sur

30,000,000.00

Clearing and grubbing

Excavation Pipe culverts and

drain excavation Embankment Aggregate subbase

course Concrete cement

pavement Pipe culverts Riprap

Piagapo LGU

Rehab of Dilausan-Mapantao access road/Mapantao,

12,962,713.19

Embankment Sub-grade

preparation Sub-base course

Saguiaran LGU

9 Naga P. 2010. Lake Lanao. An Ancient Lake in Distress.

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Saguiaran Lanao del Sur

Base course Concrete pavement Pipe culvert and

storm drains Stone masonry Concrete road guard

Rehabilitation of Campongaraya Potable Water System (Level II)/ Campongaraya, Ganassi, Lanao del Sur

4,167,578.18

Development of intake box

Provision of ground and elevated reservoir

Installment of 8 communal tap stands

Laying of 2,000 meters pipeline

Ganassi LGU

Rehabilitation of Brgy Dilausan, Dasomalong and Lumbacaingud South Irrigation/Tamparan, Lanao del Sur

18,000,000.00 Diversion work– well drilling, well development, pumping testing and installation of submersible pump

Canal system – structure excavation and backfill, embankment, demolition of old concrete, 211 kg/cm concrete and cut, bend & place of RSB

Canal structure- structure excavation and backfill, fabrication and install of 18” diameter RCP

Tamparan LGU

Rehabilitation of Brgy Tongcopan to Barit Access Road/ Lumba Bayabao, Lanao del Sur

4,167,578.18

Earthworks Sub base and base

course surface courses Drainage

construction Drainage and slope

protection structure

Lumba Bayabao LGU

Rehabilitation of Kianodan to Ilalag Access Road/Maguing, Lanao del Sur

20,000,000.00 Site development works,

Embankment, Rehabilitation of

gravel road, Provision of a

Portland cement concrete pavement road (PCCP),

Maguing LGU

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Provision of box culvert

Total 100,129,143.74

21. The Livelihood Enhancement Support (LES) project supports NRM. This intervention provides short and medium term financial sources to the farmers, hence, a continuous flow of income even during the lull period. In the case of LLRB, there are 29 LES proposals, including equipment and farm implements acquisition, turmeric and palapa production, and building construction with an estimated investment costs of about 9,044,700 million pesos (Table 2).

Table 2. List of livelihood enhancement support subprojects proposals in the LLRB

PO Location LES

Subproject

No. of Beneficiaries Project Cost

PO Counterpar

t

Total Cost Total Male Female

GPAA- Gacap Piagapo Agriculture Association

Brgy. Gacap, Piagapo, Lanao del Sur

Construction of Warehouse

38 25 13 300,000

60,000 360,000

SPA- Sunrise Producer Association

Brgy. Gacap, Piagapo, Lanao del Sur

Abaca Stripping Machine

37 26 11 300,000

40,000 340,000

MSPA- Mapantao Saguiaran Peoples Association

Brgy. Mapantao, Saguiaran, Lanao del Sur

Grinding Machine for Turmeric with Warehouse

42 35 7 300,000

60,000 360,000

HTPFO- Harith Tree Planting Farmers Organization

Brgy. Gurain, Madalum, Lanao del Sur


29 12 17 300,000

20,000 320,000

PRFO- Pantao-Raya Farmers Organization

Brgy. Pantaoraya, Saguiaran, Lanao del Sur

Grinding Machine for Palapa

33 16 17 300,000

300,000

WSO- Water Sustainer Organization

Piagapo, Lanao del Sur

Grinding Machine for Palapa

31 23 8 300,000

300,000

IFA- Ilalag Farmers Association

Brgy. Ilalag, Maguing, Lanao del Sur

Grinding Machine for Salabat Powder with Warehouse

25 15 10 300,000

300,000

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PO Location LES

Subproject


PO Counterpar

t


CMPO- Carandangan Mipaga People Organization

Brgy. Carandangan Mipaga, Lumba-bayabao, Lanao del Sur

Construction of Solar Dryer Pavement

30 16 14 300,000

300,000

CBFA- Coloyan Butig Farmers Association

Brgy. Coloyan Tambo, Butig, Lanao del Sur

Rice Mill with Warehouse

31 18 13 300,000

60,000 360,000

CPC- Cambong Producer Cooperative

Brgy. Cambong, Maguing, Lanao del Sur


37 21 16 300,000

300,000

DMFA- Datu Mitmug Farmers Association

Brgy. Gadongan, Lumba-bayabao, Lanao del Sur

Rice Thresher and Hand Tractor

36 27 9 300,000

300,000

SFA- Sawer Farmers Association

Masiu, Lanao del Sur

Abaca Stripping Machine with Warehouse

54 44 10 300,000

40,000 340,000

SBGA- Samer Blue-Green Association

Brgy. Samer, Butig, Lanao del Sur


35 19 16 300,000

300,000

MBFA- Maranat Buntalis Farmers Association

Brgy. Maranat Buntalis, Masiu, Lanao del Sur


30 18 12 300,000

300,000

DFO- Dimapatoy Farmers Organization

Brgy. Lanco Dimapatoy, Masiu, Lanao del Sur


50 33 17 300,000

300,000

WAPFA- Walo A Panoroganan Farmers Association

Brgy. Salongabanding, Madalum, Lanao del Sur


55 41 14 300,000

300,000

WBFPC- Wato Balindong

Brgy. Cadayonan, Balindong,


28 23 5 300,000

40,000 340,000

10

PO Location LES

Subproject


PO Counterpar

t


Farmers Producer Cooperative

Lanao del Sur

OFA- Ompia Farmers Association

Brgy. Pantar, Madamba, Lanao del Sur


57 39 18 300,000

44,700 344,700

BUAPC- Bubong Uyaan Agriculture Producer Cooperative

Brgy. Bubong Uyaan, Madamba, Lanao del Sur


41 25 16 300,000

300,000

LFA- Limbobongan Farmers Association

Brgy. Lanco Dimapatoy, Madamba, Lanao del Sur


28 21 7 300,000

300,000

POMMC- Panginam O Masa Marketing Cooperative

Brgy. Tambo, Madamba, Lanao del Sur


30 12 18 300,000

300,000

BDFA- Bubonga-Didaagun Farmers Association

Brgy. Bubonga Didaagun, Bubong, Lanao del Sur

Rice Mill 40 32 8 300,000

300,000

TFA- Tangcal Farmers Association

Brgy. Tangcal, Buadipuso Buntong, Lanao del Sur


33 16 17 300,000

300,000

PFA- Punud Farmers Association

Brgy. Punud, Bubong, Lanao del Sur


40 27 17 300,000

300,000

RVMCPC- Rugnan Valley Multi-Crop Producer Cooperative

Brgy. Barit, Lumba-bayabao, Lanao del Sur


33 7 26 300,000

300,000

SFA- Sara Farmers Association

Brgy. Runggayan, Maguing, Lanao del Sur

Corn Sheller

25 16 9 300,000

300,000

11

PO Location LES

Subproject


PO Counterpar

t


PFA- Pipagaladan Farmers Association

Bubong, Lanao del Sur


36 31 5 300,000

300,000

SFA- Sania Farmers Association

Brgy. Runggayan, Maguing, Lanao del Sur


25 19 6 300,000

300,000

GDA- Gadongan Development Association

Brgy. Gadongan, Lumba-bayabao, Lanao del Sur


34 30 4 300,000

300,000

Total 9,044,700

22. The Natural Resources Management (NRM) aims to address natural resources degradation in the river basin. In the case of LLRB, the identified NRM projects supported by INREMP include reforestation, commercial tree plantation, agroforestry, and conservation farming. The total estimated investment costs is about PhP 78,279,307.00, which is divided among the 29 People’s Organization on the ground. The summary of these projects is reflected in Table 3.

9

Table 3. List of Natural Resources Management (NRM) subproject proposals for the LLRB

Watershed PO Location Subproject Area

Total Area (ha)

Beneficiaries (No. of

HH) Project Cost AF CF CTP RFO

Marawi-Saguiaran

Panataoraya Farmers Organization (PFO)

Pantaoraya , Piagapo, Lanao del Sur

13 11 851,922.00

Ramain Pipagaladan Farmers Association

Palao, Bubong, Lanao del Sur

55 25 - - 80 36 3,201,275.00

Malaig Dimapatoy Farmers Organization

Lanco Dimapatoy, Masiu, Lanao del Sur

15 20 - - 35 37 920,260.00

West Limbobongan Farmers Association

Balagunun, Madamba, Lanao del Sur

- 28 27 - 55 28 2,314,121.00

Malaig Sawer Farmers Association

Sawer, Masiu, Lanao del Sur

50 - - 50 100 50 3,491,950.00

West Water Sustainer Organization

Gacap, Piagapo, Lanao del Sur

65 - 62 - 127 19 4,779,292.00

West Bubong Uyaan Agriculture Producer Cooperative (BUAPC)

Barangay Bubong Uyaan, Madamba, Lanao del Sur

10 - 40 - 50 41 1,892,540.00

Ramain Bubonga-Didagun Farmers’ Association (BDFA)

Bubonga-Didagun, Bubong, Lanao del Sur

30 - - - 30 40 1,118,700.00

Taraka Cambong Producer Cooperative (CPC)

Cambong, Maguing, Lanao del Sur

57 11 - 68 37 2,543,431.00

Malaig Coloyan Butig Farmers’ Association (CBFA)

Coloyan Tambo, Butig, Lanao del Sur

50 50 31 1,864,500.00

Gata Datu Mitmug Farmers’ Association (DMFA)

Gadongan, Lumba Bayabao, Lanao del Sur

38 26 64 36 2,263,294.00

Gata Gadongan Development Association (GDA)

Gadongan, Lumba Bayabao, Lanao del Sur

30 30 34 1,118,700.00

Marawi-Saguiaran

Mapantao Saguiaran People’s Association (MSPA)

Mapantao, Saguiaran, Lanao del Sur

30 30 42 1,118,700.00

10


Total Area (ha)



Marawi-Saguiaran



13 11 851,922.00

Malaig Maranat Buntalis Farmers’ Association (MBFA)

Maranat Buntalis, Masiu, Lanao del Sur

25 25 30 932,250.00

West Ompia Farmers’ Association (OFA)

Pantar, Madamba, Lanao del Sur

45 45 57 1,709,595.00

Gata Rugnan Valley Multi Crop Producer Cooperative (RVMCPC)

Barit, Lumba Bayabao, Lanao del Sur

45 45 30 1,709,595.00

Taraka Sara Farmers Association (SFA)

Runggayan, Maguing, Lanao del Sur

50 50 8 1,899,550.00

West Sunrise Producer Association (SPA)


60 60 28 2,279,460.00

Ramain Tangcal Farmers’ Association (TFA)

Tangcal, Buadipuso Buntong, Lanao del Sur

20 20 33 745,800.00

Gata Carandangan Mipaga Peoples Organization (CMPO)

Carandangan Mipaga, Lumba Bayabao, Lanao del Sur

34 34 30 1,267,860.00

West Gacap Piagapo Agriculture Association (GPAA)


34 34 38 1,025,757.00

West Gurainians Bacolod-Kalawi Farmers’ Association (GBKFA)

Gurain Bacolod Kalawi, Lanao del Sur

32 17 49 29 2,051,514.00

Taraka Ilalag Farmers Association (IFA)

Ilalag, Maguing, Lanao del Sur

44 44 25 1,025,757.00

West Panginam o Masa Peoples Marketing Cooperative (PMPMC)

Tambo, Butig, Lanao del Sur

61 15 30 106 30 3,077,271.00

11


Total Area (ha)



Marawi-Saguiaran



13 11 851,922.00

Malaig Samer Blue-Green Association (SBGA)

Samer, Butig, Lanao del Sur

30 30 35 1,025,757.00

West Walo a Panoroganan Farmers’ Association (WPFA)

Salongabanding, Madalum, Lanao del Sur

30 8 38 30 2,051,514.00

West Harith Tree Planting Farmers Organization (HTPFO)

Barangay Gurain, Madalum, Lanao del Sur

- - 32 - 32 29 1,215,712.00

West Kasalimbtad sa Madaya Farmers Organization (KMFO)

Barangay Madaya, Madalum, Lanao del Sur

38 - 18 - 56 40 2,100,858.00

Taraka Kianodan Farmers Association (KFA)

Barangay Kianodan, Maguing, Lanao del Sur

78 - - - 78 27 2,908,620.00

Ramain Punud Farmers Association (PFA)

Barangay Punud, Bubong, Lanao del Sur

20 - - - 20 40 745,800.00

Taraka Sania Farmers Association (SFA)

Barangay Runggayan, Maguing, Lanao del Sur

61 - - - 61 25 2,274,690.00

West Wato Balindong Farmers Producer Cooperative (WBFPC)

Barangay Cadayonan, Balindong, Lanao del Sur

30 - 30 - 60 28 2,258,430.00

Taraka Bato-Bato Farmers Association (BFA)

Barangay Bato-bato, Maguing, Lanao del Sur

42 42 37 783,090.00

West Dibarusan Multi-Purpose Association (DMPA)

Barangay Dibarusan, Madamba, Lanao del Sur, Autonomous

22 5 27 25 587,515.50

12


Total Area (ha)



Marawi-Saguiaran



13 11 851,922.00

Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM)

Marawi-Saguiaran

Khairan-Cabasaran Farmers Association (KCFA)

Barangay Cabasaran, Marawi City, Lanao del Sur

15 15 38 279,675.00

West Moriatao Ampaso Farmers Association (MAFA)

Barangay Punud, Madamba, Lanao del Sur

92 15 107 62 1,959,457.50

West Moriatao Diangka Farmers Association (MDFA)

Barangay Pindolonan, Ganassi, Lanao del Sur

27 3 30 29 552,238.50

West Moriatao-Gumaga Farmers Association (MGFA)

Barangay Abaga, Madalum, Lanao del Sur

82 82 27 1,528,890.00

Marawi-Saguiaran

Natangcopan Farmers Association (NFA)

Barangay Natangcopan, Saguiaran, Lanao del Sur

18 18 32 335,610.00

West Raya Bacolod-Kalawi Farmers Association (RBKFA)

Barangay Raya, Bacolod-Kalawi, Lanao del Sur

37 10 47 40 852,610.00

West Sky Green Farmers Association (SGFA)

Barangay Bato, Madalum, Lanao del Sur

99 99 45 1,845,855.00

Total 78,279,307.00

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C. SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (i) Legal and Management Situation in Lake Lanao River Basin 23. Lake Lanao is located in the province of Lanao del Sur of the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao (BARMM), which is a proclaimed watershed reserve by virtue of Proclamation No.871 issued on February 26, 1992 and is included as initial components of the National Protected Areas System (NIPAS) governed under NIPAS Act of 1992 (Republic Act No. 7586). The enactment and ratification of BARMM organic law, however, resulted in the change of the management and jurisdiction of the LLRB. 24. The Bangsamoro Organic Law (RA 11054) has placed the Lake Lanao under the territorial jurisdiction of the Bangsamoro Government and repealed the NIPAS law. Thus, the law says:

Article III - Territorial Jurisdiction

Section 1. Territorial Jurisdiction. Territorial jurisdiction is the land mass as well as the water over which the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region has jurisdiction, which shall always be an integral, indivisible, and inseparable part of the national territory of the Republic of the Philippines as defined by the Constitution and existing laws

Sec 3. Inland Waters -- All inland waters such as lakes, rivers, river systems, and streams within its territorial jurisdiction shall form part of the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region inland waters. The preservation and management of the inland waters shall be under the Bangsamoro Government as provided for under Section 22, Article XIII of this Organic Law

25. Within the territorial jurisdiction of the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region, and subject to the provision of Section 20 of Article X of the 1987 Constitution, the Bangsamoro government shall exercise authority over the following matters, without prejudice to the general supervision of the President of the Republic of the Philippines (Article V, Section 2), to wit:

xxxxxxx

(c) Agriculture, livestock, and food security

(d) Ancestral domain and natural resources

xxxxxx

(h) cadastral survey

xxxxxx

(j) classification of public lands

xxxxxxxx

(s) Disaster risk reduction and management

(t) Ecological solid waste management and pollution control

27

xxxxxxx

(x) Environment Parks, forest management, wildlife, and nature reserve conservation

(y) Fishery, marine, and aquatic resources

xxxxxx

(ff) Indigenous People’s Rights

26. In relation to the foregoing provision, Article XIII - Regional Economy and Patrimony, specifically spelled out its powers and authority on the natural resources, nature reserves and utilization of the resources within the LLRB. Thus, Article XIII, Section 8 states:

Sec. 8 -- Natural resources, nature reserves, and protected areas -- subject to the constitutional provisions, the Bangsamoro Government shall have:

the power, authority and right to explore, develop, and utilize the natural resources, including surface and subsurface rights, inland waters, coastal waters, and renewable and nonrenewable resources in the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region

the protection, conservation, rehabilitation, and development of forests, coastal, and marine resources, including the adoption of programs and projects, to ensure the maintenance of ecological balance and biodiversity shall be given priority

to declare nature reserves and aquatic parks, forests, watershed reservations, and other protected areas in the Bangsamoro autonomous region

i. parliament shall pass a law to establish protected areas, the procedure for the declaration and the management thereof

ii. FPIC of non-moro IPs

Existing nature reservation areas shall remain as such.

Be it noted that under PP 871, the LLRB is proclaimed as a watershed reservation.

27. The Bangsamoro Organic Law shall also create a management and intergovernmental management board to take charge in the regulation and control of the energy sector. This has impacts as to the question who shall continue the implementation of the Maranao Ethnic Development Plan. The sustainability of any management and developmental interventions for the LLRB’s watershed requires a sustain flow of financial resources, particularly after the termination of INREMP. The energy sector is the big source of financial resource that could be tapped to continue the rehabilitation and conservation projects of the LLRB as well as provision of economic incentives to the community, including the LGUs. At present, the National Power Corporation has been playing a vital role in the provision of natural resources management projects of the local community, through its corporate social responsibility. Thus, Section 7, Art VI states:

Section 7. Intergovernmental Energy Board. There is hereby created an Intergovernmental Energy Board. It shall receive all matters specified in Section 36, Article XIII of the Organic Law and other energy issues referred to it by the

28

representatives of the National Government and the Bangsamoro Government from their respective energy regulatory commissions and electrification administration

Furthermore, Article XIII Section 36 states:

The Bangsamoro Government shall promote investments in the energy and power generation sector, domestic and international, public and private, in the power sector industry in the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region: Provided, That its shall as far as practicable, promote low carbon sustainable power generation in the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region consistent with sustainable development goals and sustainable power generation policies provided in this Organic Law: Provide further, That the Bangsamoro Government shall notify the National Government insofar as power generation investments are concerned.

(a)Power Generation and Distribution and Utilities Operating Exclusively in the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region –The Bangsamoro Government shall have authority to build power generation and distribution utilities operating exclusively in the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region through the Ministry of Energy it shall create: Provided, That the Bangsamoro Government shall divest its ownership of the utilities twenty-five (25) years after their creation. It shall promote investments, domestic and international, in the power sector industry in the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region.

Consistent with sustainable development goals and low carbon sustainable power generation policies to reduce costs investment, distributed power generation shall aggressively promote as part of the Bangsamoro Government’s power development plan. Power generation plants and distribution utilities operating exclusively in the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region shall be able to interconnect, sell, and buy power over the national transmission grid subject to limitations under Republic Act No. 9136, otherwise known as the “Electric Power Industry Reform Act of 2001”. In the same way, transmission lines operating exclusively in the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region shall be able to connect to the national transmission grid. Such power plants and distribution networks may only sell power over the national transmission grid once the power supply needs of its customers have been completely met. The Bangsamoro Government may assist electric cooperatives operating exclusively in the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in accessing funds and technology to ensure their financial and operational viability. Assistance may be in the form of restructuring debts, with rehabilitation and efficiency improvement measures based on set of clear time-bound operational reform programme.

(b) Agus Hydropower Complex – In the event of the privatization of the Agus Hydropower Complex, the Bangsamoro Government shall have preferential rights to acquire the hydroelectric plants situated within its territorial jurisdiction. Nevertheless, the National Government and the Bangsamoro Government shall cooperate and coordinate through the Intergovernmental Energy Board insofar as the utilization of water from the Lake Lanao for the Agus Hydropower Complex is concerned. This is without prejudice to the payment of the obligation of the National Power Corporation to the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao which now accrues to the Bangsamoro Government

29

28. Although, the management of inland waters is exclusively given to the Bangsamoro Government, there are exceptions as provided under Article XIII, which upholds co-management for inland water, such as Lake Lanao, which provides energy source outside the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region. Thus, the law says:

Article XIII - Regional Economy and Patrimony

Sec. 9 --Management of Inland Waters -- The Bangsamoro Government shall have exclusive powers over inland waters, including lakes, marshes, rivers, and tributaries within its territorial jurisdiction, EXCEPT those that provide energy to power generating plants. The parliament shall enact laws on the regulation, conservation, management, and protection of these resources, and may classify inland waters in the Bangsamoro Autonomous region. IT SHALL CREATE A BANGSAMORO AUTHORITY and offices for specific inland bodies of water that shall exercise management and regulatory powers over these bodies of water.

If any inland waters is a source of energy outside of the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region, the principle of co-management of fossil fuels under Section 10 of this Article and Section 34 of Article XII of this Organic Law shall apply

Section 10: joint exercise of power to grant rights, privileges, and concessions

Section 34 Article XII (Fiscal Autonomy): revenue sharing --equal between national government and Bangsamoro Autonomous Government.

29. Furthermore, the Bangsamoro Organic Law also provides the creation of Bangsamoro Sustainable Development Board, which shall be responsible for the harmonization and integration of economic, social, and environmental programs within the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region. This means that the management and development of LLRB will be placed under this body. Thus, the law states:

Article VI, Sec. 8 - Bangsamoro Sustainable Development Board--the parliament shall create a Bangsamoro Sustainable Development Board composed of representatives from the national government and the Bangsamoro government. The Bangsamoro Sustainable Development Board shall insure the integration and harmonization of economic, social, and environmental considerations as vital dimensions of sustainable development policy and practice in the Bangsamoro Autonomous region.

The funding support for the Bangsamoro Sustainable Development Board shall be included in the annual budget of the Bangsamoro Government. However, if there are revenues collected from the exploration, development, and utilization of any natural resources within the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region, a certain percentage of the revenues shall be allocated for the operation of the Bangsamoro Sustainable Development Board, as maybe provided in a law to be passed by the Parliament.

30. The law further states:

Article XIII-Regional Economy and Patrimony

Section 2. Equitable and Sustainable Development -- In order to protect and improve the quality of life of its inhabitants, the development in the Bangsamoro

30

Autonomous Region shall be carefully planned taking into consideration the ecological balance and the natural resources that are available for its use and for the use of future generations.

Section 3 - Comprehensive framework for sustainable development - the Bangsamoro Government shall develop and comprehensive framework for sustainable development the proper conservation, utilization, and development of natural resources, which shall guide it in adopting program and policy mechanism that focus on the environment dimensions of social and economic interventions. It shall include measures for environmental justice and governance as well as for reduction of the vulnerability of women and marginalized groups to climate change and variability.

31. However, the law also provides a transition period for the smooth transition of power following its ratification. Under this law, the DENR shall transfer the management of existing nature reserves and protected areas to the Bangsamoro Government within a period of two years. Thus, the law says:

Article XIII - Regional Economy and Patrimony

Sec. 9 --Transfer of Management of Existing Nature Reserves and Protected Areas. The management and protection of nature reserves and aquatic parks, forests, watershed reservation, and other protected areas in the territorial jurisdiction of the Bangsamoro that have already been defined by and under the authority of the National Government shall be transferred to the Bangsamoro Government.

Within three (3) months from the establishment of the Bangsamoro Transition Authority, the Bangsamoro Government and DENR shall start the process of transferring the management of these areas to the Bangsamoro Government, including the conduct of surveys of all affected areas and the planning and transition for each and every protected area. The transfer shall be completed within a period of not exceeding two years.

32. Prior to the enactment of Republic Act 11054, which is the organic law of the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region, the development and management of the LLRB is placed under the concurrent management and development jurisdictions of the ARMM, DENR, NAPOCOR, and LGUs.

a. The previous ARMM government had the mandate to undertake measures to protect the ancestral domain and the ancestral lands of indigenous cultural communities. All lands and natural resources in the Autonomous Region that have been possessed or occupied by indigenous cultural communities since time immemorial, except when prevented by war, force majeure, or other forms of forcible usurpation, shall form part of the ancestral domain.

b. The DENR also exercises jurisdiction over these resources by virtue of its mandate under Executive Order 192. Under this law, the DENR has been vested with the jurisdiction to manage the country’s natural resources, including the sustainable use, development, management, renewal, and conservation of the country’s forest, mineral, land, off-shore areas and other natural resources.

c. Under PP 871, which declares the LLRB as a watershed reservation, the DENR has been given the authority to administer and manage the reservation in coordination with

31

other agencies of the government with the main objective of maintaining its usefulness as a source of water for the generation of hydroelectric power, agricultural requirements and other purposes.

d. The National Power Corporation also exercises jurisdiction and authority over the areas within the LLRB. Under Republic Act No. 6395 (Charter of National Power Corporation), the NPC has been given the power to exercise a complete jurisdiction and control over watershed surrounding the reservoirs of plants and/or projects constructed or proposed to be constructed (Sec 3 (n)). This is further strengthened by Presidential Decree No. 1515 and its subsequent amendments (P.D. No. 1749). Executive Order 224 reiterates the NPC’s full control and regulation the authority of NPC to exercise full control and regulation of the entire watershed areas and reservations surrounding its power generating plants and properties. The NAPOCOR also manages the environmental fund from universal charge paid by energy consumers, as provided under R.A. 9136, otherwise known as “An Act ordaining reforms in the Electric Power Industry Reform Act (EPIRA) amending for the purpose certain law and for other purposes”.

e. The LLRB is also within the territorial jurisdiction of the LGUs hence, they also exercise jurisdiction over the watershed areas. In relation to the administration and management of natural resources within the respective territorial jurisdiction of the LGU, as provided under Article 10, Section 7 of the 1987 Philippine Constitution. Pursuant to this constitutional provision, the Congress passed R.A. no. 7160, otherwise known as Local Government Code of 1991, which devolves some functions of the national government to the LGU, as explicitly provided under Section 17 of this law. The LGU’s shall also be involved in all planning and implementation of projects affecting the environment in their respective territorial jurisdiction as provided under Sections 26 and 27 of the local government code.

33. At present, there are pending bills in the Congress to create a Lake Lanao Development Authority, which are pending proposed bill as follows:

a. Senate Bill No. 229 of 2007, which later refiled as Senate Bill 3097 of 2012 is sponsored by Senator Legarda. The Title of this Bill is “Establishing the Lake Lanao Development Authority, Defining its Powers, Functions and Duties, Appropriating Funds therefore and for Other Purposes”.

b. Another Senate Bill for the creation of development authority in Lake Lanao has been pending in Senate. This Bill, which is sponsored by Senator Gordon, is titled “An Act Creating the Lake Lanao Development Authority, Defining its Powers, Functions, and Duties, and for Other Purposes”.

34. If this Bill is passed by Congress, then this will amend the BOL, as provided under the law:

Sec 1. Amendment and Revisions. Any amendment to, revision, or repeal of this organic law shall be made by law enacted by the Congress of the Philippines

Situation of Maranao Ethnic Group in Lake Lanao Watershed 35. The rights of Indigenous People are explicitly recognized Article XII Sec 5 and Article XIV, Section 17 of our Philippine Constitution. Pursuant to these provisions, R.A. No. 8371 (Indigenous People’s Rights Act) was passed, which established the necessary mechanisms to enforce and

32

guarantee the realization of the rights of ICC/IPs, as guaranteed under our constitution, in their ancestral domain claims, taking into consideration their customs, traditions, values, beliefs, interests and institutions. Although by strict application of this definition as stated under IP under Section 3 (h), it can be said that Maranaos’ are IPs, they perceived this title as offensive to their culture, tradition, and pride (Maratabat). They are insisting that Maranaos is one of a major ethnic groups in the country, such as Cebuano, Ilonggo, Boholano, and many others. This explains why no tenurial instruments (CADT, CALC) have been issued in the LLRB.

(ii) SOCIAL AND CULTURAL PRACTICES OF MARANAO ETHNIC GROUP 36. Lanao is the home of the M’ranaw (People of the Lake), which is one of 13 ethnoliguistic groups in Mindanao: Tausug, Yakan, Sangil, Molbog, Palawani, Iranun, Jama Mapun, and Badjao.10 They are also one of the main Muslim-Moro ethnolinguistic groups whose people still aspire for the correction of the historical injustices that have been committed against them by the colonial powers whom they have battled hard against for so long.11

37. Maranaos ethnic group is one of the biggest Muslim tribe in Mindanao. About 93.6% of the total population of 1,043,426 in Lanao del Sur professes the Islamic religion12. This belief is largely influenced by the Sunni Islam, which is the largest denomination of Islam in the world.

38. They are also one of the proudest ethnolinguistic groups in the country. Although statistics showed that Lanao del Sur is one of the poorest provinces in the country, it is an insult to call them poor because of their “Maratabat” (Pride) and high regard for their culture and tradition. They are willing to defend their “Maratabat” to death or fight anyone to restore the dignity. This is one of the causes of clan war (“Rido”) in this part of the region.

39. Maranaos like to display their wealth to show their social standing in the community. This is why during special occasions, such as weddings, welcoming guests, celebration of Muslim feast, etc., they are going to display their most expensive dress (e.g. landaf), jewelries (e.g. gold), best car, best accommodation, best performances. Ownership of these properties is more or less communal in nature in the sense that members of the family or clan are free to borrow any of these properties, particularly in times of emergency or in special occasion (e.g. wedding).

40. Maranaos are clannist ethnic group. They put high premium on extended family ties, either by consanguinity (blood) and affinity (marriages), which is an advantage during political race and clan war (Rido). They recognized relatives even beyond six degree by blood and affiliation.

41. Although few individuals in Lanao del Sur are holders of land titles issued by the Register of Deeds, in most cases, however, the lands in Lanao del Sur, particularly those in the upland and agricultural areas, are traditionally owned by clan or community. Ownership of these lands is not by virtue of Certificate of Title issued by the government, but through traditions and continuous possession of the lands from generations to generation. Unlike in neighboring Christian communities, however, land disputes are not a common problem in Lanao del Sur despite the lack of legal titles. This is because the Maranaos strongly respect traditional ownership of lands, which could result in clan war (rido) if someone encroaches or violates the property rights of the possessor of the land, who holds the property in the concept of an owner.

10 Asian Development Bank. 2018. Emergency Assistance for the Reconstruction and Recovery of Marawi City. Project

No. 52313-001. 11 Mindanao Development Authority. 2018. Policy Analysis for Lake Lanao River Basin. 12 Philippine Statistics Authority, 2015 Census of Population

33

42. Marriage in Maranao is done through arrangement by parents of the bride and groom. Usually, a dowry is given by the groom’s family to the bride’s family in the form of goods, cash, and real or movable property as part of the marriage gifts to the newlywed couple. Mixed marriages between Muslim and Christian is prohibited under Islam. However, Muslim men may marry Christian women with the condition that the bride shall convert into Islam religion.

43. In Lanao del Sur, particularly Marawi City, streamers and tarpaulin are seen everywhere, starting from Iligan City to Marawi City. This is because the Maranao people like to advertise wedding, professional and political success, passing licensure examination, appointment in government positions, and many other accomplishments of any member of the family or clan. The use of tarpaulin and posters, which is a tool to advertise an accomplishment of a member of the family or clan, is the result of limited opportunity for broadcast media in Marawi City. So far, there are no newspaper or television establishments in Lanao del Sur.

44. The Maranaos are also proven warriors. Even during the conquest period, from Spaniards to Americans and Japanese, the Maranaos had never surrendered to the conquerors, and Lanao del Sur was one of the places in the country that was not captured by colonizers. The fighting spirit of Maranaos had been proven during the Marawi siege in which it took the government more than five months of continuous fighting before the government took a total control of Marawi City and flashed out the rebels from the city. This is because when Maranaos decided to fight, it means they are willing to put up a good fight until their last breath.

45. Generally, Maranaos are traders. They like to do small scale business, particularly selling small items and engaging in sari-sari stores. They are found everywhere in the country as entrepreneurs.

(iii) DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF MARANAO ETHNIC GROUP 46. Based on the 2015 Population Census, the Province of Lanao del Sur has a total population of 1,045,429 with about 160,232 households and population density of about 69 persons per km2. In 2012, the estimated average poverty rate for Lanao del Sur is about 66.8%. 13

47. The estimated population growth rate per annum is about 2.18 percent, and by 2030, the population of the river basin is estimated to be about 1.9 million. Human settlements within the LLRB are concentrated along the river and roadsides, and in urban and town center. The most populated area in the LLRB is Marawi City14. After the Marawi siege, however, the business center of Marawi Center was totally destroyed, which until this time remains as no human settlement areas.

48. The larger proportion of the labor force in Lanao del Sur has age ranging from 15-60 years old. It is projected that the population increases from 1,545,300 million in 2015 to 2,004,600 in 2025. The population is expected to hit the 3 million mark by 2045 (Table 4).15

Table 4. Estimated distribution of population over time in the LLRB.

13 2012 City and Municipal-Level Small Area Poverty by the National Statistics Coordination Board (NSCB) now the

Philippine Statistics 14 DENR-RBCO. 2014. Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan of Ranao River Basin. 15 Philippine Statistics Authority, 2015 Census of Population

34

(iv) BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF NATURAL RESOURCES OF LAKE LANAO RIVE BASIN 49. Lake Lanao River Basin (LLRB) in the province of Lanao del Sur, which is within the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao (BARMM), is the largest lake in Mindanao and considered as one of the 15 ancient lakes in the world. It has a total area of 174,407 hectares, which is divided into 91,091-ha forestland, 47,742-ha alienable and disposable lands, and 35, 574-ha Lake Lanao water. It is comprised of six sub-watersheds, namely: Bubong, Malaig, Marawi-Saguiran, Taraka, Gata, and West. There are 29 Municipalities and one city (Marawi City), and 800 Barangays within the LLRB. The water in Lake Lanao is the source of hydroelectric power, which provides about 65% of the total electricity needs of the entire Mindanao.

50. The total area of the river basin, including the lake, is about 174,408 hectares, which is distributed as follows: Ramain sub-watershed (19,615 has.), Taraka sub-watershed (28,634-ha), Gata (24,144), Malaig sub-watershed (37,984-ha), West sub-watershed (17,971-ha), Marawi-Saguiran sub-watershed (10,487-ha), and Lake Lanao (35, 574-ha). It covers 29 Municipalities and Marawi City with 800 barangays and 90,081 households.

51. The water from the lake that flows through the Agus River propels six (6) hydro-electric power plants with a combined generation capacity of about 727.35 megawatt (MW) sustained electric power, providing about 65% of the total energy consumption in Mindanao16. The Lake receives water inputs from four major river tributaries of the LLRB: Ramain River (40 km), Taraka River (69 km), Gata River (38 km), and Malaig River (49 km), including hundreds of small intermittent creeks and streams that drain into the lake.17

52. The lowland areas of the LLRB is mainly agricultural fields, which is dominated by rice and corn production. Other crops grown include sweet potato, banana, coconut, vegetables, sakurab (onions), ginger, and fruit trees.

(v) DESCRIPTION OF GOVERNANCE SYSTEM IN LAKE LANAO RIVER BASIN 53. In terms of governance, the LLRB’s governance system is complicated because of many interest groups wanted to play a role in the management of the resources in the watershed and enjoy benefits therein. Some of the notable groups that take governance role in the watershed are as follows:

16 Ibid [1] 17 Naga P. 2010. Lake Lanao. An Ancient Lake in Distress (Unpublished)

2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045LANAO DEL SUR

Pop 0-4 138,300 158,100 174,600 187,800 194,600 197,200 198,900 200,600

Pop 0-14 408,000 430,200 466,700 517,500 555,800 579,800 592,000 599,400

Pop 15-64 512,100 616,300 722,300 825,400 941,900 1,071,100 1,211,100 1,355,400

Pop 60 & over 26,500 35,300 48,000 69,300 95,900 125,300 157,300 186,600

Pop 65 & over 15,400 20,300 27,600 38,400 56,700 79,000 104,000 131,000

Female 15-49 240,800 285,100 327,600 366,200 409,700 462,000 516,700 561,100

1,341,100 1,545,300 1,766,800 2,004,600 2,254,600 2,514,400 2,780,000 3,034,100

35

a. Local Executives. Maranaos considered the elective government officials as representative of the government. They have high respect to their local executives. However, qualifications of candidates usually do not count much to win the elective position. Election to the position is usually dictated by money, power, prestige, and size of clan. Like any other localities in other regions of the country, vote buying is a usually resorted to by politicians to win the votes. This is why winning an elective position in Lanao del Sur is a very expensive business. Due to rampant vote buying and huge expenses during election, the constituents tended to believe that development funds are for politicians and not for them because they already got their share during the election period.

b. Traditional Leaders. Originally, the Muslim Mindanao is governed by Sultans, the traditional Muslim leaders. In LLRB, there are many enthroned “Sultans” across the different Municipalities. The traditional leaders are considered people’s representative. In many instances, however, traditional leaders and local government officials are not collaborating each other in the management and development of the areas within their jurisdiction.

c. Community Leaders and Clan Elders. The community leaders are usually elected as barangay chairmen or councilors in their respective localities. The leaders are those with good reputation in the community, and usually the elders of the clan. These leaders play a very important role in the implementation of development projects on the ground.

d. Religious Leaders. The Maranaos consider the religious leaders as God’s representatives. These are the groups that possess moral ascendancy whom the local communities have placed high trust and confidence. Religious leaders are excellent agents of information, education, and communication campaign of any projects to be implemented on the ground.

(vi) KEY PROJECT STAKEHOLDERS 54. The key project stakeholders are the beneficiaries and implementers of INREMP, consisting of People’s Organization, Local Government Units, DENR, and other NGA’s. D. ADVERSE AND POSITIVE EFFECTS OF THE PROJECT

55. The project does not have any adverse effects because it is designed for the rehabilitation of degraded forest ecosystem (NRM), improve the basic social infrastructures (road and water system) and enhance the livelihood of the community (LES). The project will increase the forest cover, which in turn mitigate soil erosion, increase carbon sequestration, and improve water yield and quality. The project will also improve access to the farm area which would facilitate easy transportation of agricultural products. The livelihood enhancement support will also provide alternative livelihood to women. All these projects will provide short and medium-term employment opportunities of the residents of the community, particularly the project beneficiaries. However, it was also agreed that whenever unanticipated negative impacts occur in the future, the Maranao leaders will discuss the matter and develop an action plan for implementation to address the negative impacts. E. PEOPLE’S PERCEPTION ABOUT THE PROJECT

36

56. The consultation process with the community, which was attended by women, men, local officials, and other stakeholders took place in many occasions since the inception of the project since 2016. In all these consultations, the community’s perception about the project is that this program will help them alleviate their poor economic conditions and restore the degraded ecosystem, particularly the forest. However, the community also expressed reservation about the possibility that the implementers will simply use them to gain access to the funds, and then corrupt the money for the benefits of few individuals, and not the community as a whole. This perception is the result of previous experience of the community that they are used by some organizations to get funds from government and other funding institutions, which are supposedly for their benefits but never been enjoyed by the community. It was explained, however, that the previous experience that government’s projects never trickled down to the community will not happen in INREMP because the money will be directly downloaded to the implementers on the ground.

57. The women sector perceived this project as labor intensive, which will be dominated by men. During the consultation, however, it was explained that though the project requires strength and perseverance, it does not mean that women will be left out during the project implementation. It is a requirement of the project to employ at least 30% women of the total labor force during the implementation of the project.

F. PROPOSED MEASURES TO AVOID/MINIMIZE/MITIGATE ADVERSE EFFECTS OF

THE PROJECT

58. The project is not expected to generate adverse effects. Instead, the project will provide employment to the community, improve the forest cover, and facilitate convenient access to the farm, and promote alternative livelihood opportunities. The project will also benefit not only to the direct beneficiaries, but also the neighboring communities.

G. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION

59. Prior to the start of the implementation of the project, series of meaningful consultative meetings were conducted with participants from all concerned stakeholders including the local government units, people’s organization, women sector, religious sector, traditional leaders, and other national government agencies. In these meetings, INREMP explained to the participants particularly on the mode of implementation, benefits of the project to the community, implementation arrangement, and resolution of constraints, issues, and problems that may arise during the different stages of implementation. The consultations were attended by at least 30 percent women participants.

60. The different consultative meetings, which were delivered in a language understandable to the community (M’ranaw) were conducted for NRM, RI, and LES subprojects, to wit:

a. RI Subprojects

Public Consultation at ABC Hall, Piagapo, Lanao del Sur on November 8, 2017 for the proposed Rehabilitation of Paling-Mamaanun Access Road

Public consultation at Brgy Mapantao, Saguiaran on November 9, 2017 for the proposed Rehabilitation of Dilausan-Mapantao Access Road

37

Public Consultation at Brgy Campangoraya, Ganassi on April 11, 2018 for the proposed Rehabilitation of Potable Water System Level II

Public Consultation at Municipal Hall, Lumba Bayabao on June 27, 2018 for the proposed Rehabilitation of Tongcopan-Barit Access Road

Public Consultation at Municipal Hall of LGU Maguing on August 24, 2018 for the proposed Rehabilitation of Kianodan-Ilalag Access Road

Public Consultation at Municipal Gymnasium of Tamparan on May 28, 2018 for the proposed– Rehabilitation of Bangon Lumbacaingud South Irrigation System

b. Livelihood Enhancement Support (LES) - the following consultations were conducted:

PO Consultation and Site Validation for LES of Datu Mitmug Farmers Association (DMFA), July 3, 2018, Brgy. Gadongan, Lumba Bayabao, Lanao del Sur

PO Consultation and Site Validation for LES of Sawer Farmers Association (SFA), July 3, 2018, Brgy. Gubar Sawer, Masiu, Lanao del Sur

PO Consultation and Site Validation for LES of Bubonga Didaagun Farmers Association (BDFA), July 4, 2018, Brgy. Bubonga Didaagun, Bubong Lanao del Sur

PO Consultation and Site Validation for LES of Pipagaladan Farmers Association (PFA), July 4, 2018, Bubong, Lanao del Sur

PO Consultation and Site Validation for LES of Walo A Panoroganan Farmers Association (WAPFA), July 5, 2018, Brgy. Salongabanding, Madalum, Lanao del Sur

PO Consultation and Site Validation for LES of Bubong Uyaan Agriculture Producer Cooperative (BUAPC), July 5, 2018, Brgy. Bubong, Madamba, Lanao del Sur

PO Consultation and Site Validation for LES of Coloyan Butig Farmers Association (CBFA), July 5, 2018, Sitio Lumbac, Coloyan, Butig, Lanao de Sur

PO Consultation and Site Validation for LES of Harith Tree Planting Farmers Organization (HTPFO), July 5, 2018, Brgy. Gurain, Madalum, Lanao del Sur

PO Consultation and Site Validation for LES of Samer Blue-Green Association (SBGA), July 5, 2018, Brgy. Samer, Butig, Lanao del Sur

PO Consultation and Site Validation for LES of Maranat Buntalis Farmers Association (MBFA), July 6, 2018, Brgy. Maranat Buntalis, Masiu, Lanao del Sur

Community Consultation and Site Validation for the Proposed LES of Carandangan Mipaga Peoples Organization (CMPO), July 6, 2018, Brgy. Carandangan Mipaga, Lumba-Bayabao, Lanao del Sur

Community Consultation and Site Validation for the Proposed LES of Wato Balindong Farmer Producer Cooperative (WBFPC), Brgy. Dado, Balindong, Lanao del Sur

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PO Consultation for LES of Mapantao-Saguiaran Peoples Association (MSPA), July 12, 2018, Brgy. Mapantao, Saguiaran, Lanao del Sur

PO Consultation and Site Validation for LES of Punud Farmers Association (PFA), August 30, 2018, Brgy. Punud, Bubong, Lanao del Sur

Community Consultation and Site Validation for LES of Tangcal Farmers Association (TFA), August 31, 2018, Brgy. Tangcal, Buadipuso-Buntong, Lanao del Sur

Site Validation and Crop Identification for LES of Limbobongan Farmers Association (LFA), September 10, 2018, Brgy. Balagunun, Madamba, Lanao de Sur

Site Validation and Crop Identification for LES of Panginam O Masa Marketing Cooperative (POMMC), September 10, 2018, Brgy. Tambo, Madamba, Lanao del Sur

PO Consultation and Site Validation for LES of Rugnan Valley Multi-Crop Producer Cooperative (RVMCPC), September 30, 2018, Brgy. Barit, Lanao del Sur

PO Consultation and Site Validation for LES of Sania Farmers Association (SFA), October 19, 2018, Brgy. Rungayan, Maguing, Lanao del Sur

c. NRM Subprojects

Table 5. List of consultative meetings for the 41 POs in the LLRB

PO Interventio

n Dates of

consultation

No. of Participant

s

Topics discusse

d

Issues Raised

Agreements on the Issues

M F Pipagaladan Farmers Association

Agroforestry, Conservation Farming

Nov. 13, 2016

32 9 To orient the PO about the INREM Project

Soil erosion and landslide

The project will help a lot through protecting and conserving their lands.

Nov. 15, 2017

28 4 Community Mapping

Boundary conflict that may arise

MPDC, together with Municipal Engineer clarified possible boundary conflict

Dimapatoy Farmers' Organization

Conservation Farming

March 9, 2016


Access road, lack of knowledge in paper works

Access road rehabilitation will be endorsed to PLGU for Rural Infrastructure

July 28, 2017

13 17 To organize and

Payment for registration

Collections of contributions from the members of the PO

39

PO Interventio

n Dates of

consultation

No. of Participant

s

Topics discusse

d

Issues Raised


M F strengthen the PO

, formulation of constitution and by-laws

and Providing technical assistance to the PO

October 14, 2017

25 11 To measure the capacity of the people organization in handling project

Lack of training provided

Provide more training and capacity building

Limbobongan Farmers Association

Commercial Tree Plantation, Conservation Farming

February 27, 218

21 14 To orient the PO about the INREM Project To organize and strengthen the People’s Organization

Seedlings to be cultivated Mode of payment Payment for registration

Technical staff repeated the discussion and made it clear about the kinds of seedlings to be cultivated following the specific intervention that is suitable in their area which is Commercial Tree Plantation and Conservation Farming. The mode of payment will be bank-to-bank transaction, the fund will be downloaded from the Central Office directly to the account of the People’s Organization Collections of contributions from the members of the PO and providing technical assistance to the PO

February 28, 2018

21 13 To determine and assess the capabilities and potentials

Adding members in the PO list Other intervention such as assistance and

As long as it is decided by most members of the PO and suggested that they should have rules and regulations to follows and justifies whether to add

40

PO Interventio

n Dates of

consultation

No. of Participant

s

Topics discusse

d

Issues Raised


M F of the intended partners and beneficiaries of INREMP To engage the People’s Organization on the delineation and planning on the development of proposed site for Natural Resources Management (NRM) intervention

trainings to strengthen the PO Availing of other project aside from NRM Procedures on how to avail other type of project Official implementation of the project

members to their PO list The member will be assisted by the technical staff through trainings in order to strengthen and educate them to manage their organization and the project intervention The DENR-INREMP is not only concern with the natural resources but also to the livelihood of the community and rural infrastructure as well Coordinating the LGU, specifically the MPDC and Municipal Engineer to review the proposal As long as the documents needed are prepared and the provincial LGU will give a permission to continue the operation, and approval from central office

Sawer Farmers Association

Agroforestry, Reforestation

May 3, 2017 44 10 To orient the PO about the INREM Project To organize and strengthen the PO

Access road, lack of knowledge in paper works Payment for registration, formulation of constitution and by-laws

Access road rehabilitation will be endorsed to PLGU for Rural Infrastructure Collections of contributions from the members of the PO and Providing technical assistance to the PO

41

PO Interventio

n Dates of

consultation

No. of Participant

s

Topics discusse

d

Issues Raised


M F October 26, 2017

51 19 To consult the community of their chosen species

Cultivated lands not in the potential site

Project can intervene on areas within the potential site of the watershed. However, we’ll try to raise their concern

Water Sustainer Organization

Agroforestry, Commercial Tree Plantation

February 1, 2017

56 28 To orient the PO about the INREM Project To organize and strengthen the PO



December 17, 2017


Production of Seedlings

Procure seedlings with the assistance of DENR or have a nursery establishment

PO Dates of consultation No. of

Participants Topics discussed Issues Raised Agreements on the Issues

M F Bubong Uyaan Agriculture Producer Cooperative (BUAPC)

March 20, 2018


Lack of IEC Environmental knowledge and Use of Natural Resources


March 22-23, 2018

46 18 Community Mapping

Application to avail on the project on areas not in potential site

Project can only intervene on potential sites within the sub-watershed. However, we’ll try to raise their concern

March 24, 2018

27 15 To consult the


Procure seedlings with the assistance of

42



M F community of their chosen species

DENR or have a nursery establishment

Bubonga-Didagun Farmers’ Association (BDFA)

April 19, 2017 57 7 PO Orientation

Lack of knowledge in paper works

The INREMP Staff will assess them concerning in paper works

February 16, 2018 13 28 PO assessment



February 15, 2018 21 14 Community Development Mapping

How to avail in other project menu of INREMP like irrigation and water system

Irrigation and water system will be endorsed to PLGU for Rural Infrastructure

Cambong Producer Cooperative

March 5, 2018 17 15 Orientation of PO about the INREM Project

Timber poaching, Denuded areas within the protection and conservation Poor Access road Lack of capability in preparation of project proposal and other required paper works

Access road rehabilitation will be endorsed to PLGU for Rural Infrastructure, Technical assistance in the preparation of pertinent documents

February 26, 2018 17 15 Community Mapping and Planning

Some potential areas are outside the coverage of sub-watershed

INREMP Project cover only areas potential sites within the sub-watershed. However, we’ll try to raise their concern

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M F Coloyan Butig Farmers’ Association (CBFA)

February 20, 2018 32 28 To orient the PO about the INREM Project To organize and strengthen the PO


NRM Subproject will be endorsed to PPMO – PASu and Access road rehabilitation will be endorsed to PLGU for Rural Infrastructure Collections of contributions from the members of the PO and Providing technical assistance to the PO

February 21, 2018 39 20 Community Mapping



Datu Mitmug Farmers’ Association (DMFA)

Jan. 23, 2018 27 22 To orient the PO about the INREM Project



February 8, 2018 42 26 To consult the community of their chosen species



Gadongan Development Association (GDA)

Feb. 1, 2017 33 3 To orient the PO about the INREM Project



January 31, 2018 18 9 Community Mapping






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M F Mapantao Saguiaran People’s Association (MSPA)

Feb. 1, 2017 37 5 To orient the PO about the INREM Project To organize and strengthen the PO

Poor access road, lack of knowledge in paper works Payment for registration, formulation of constitution and by-laws

NRM will be endorsed to PPMO-PASu and Access road rehabilitation will be endorsed to PLGU for Rural Infrastructure To collect contributions from the members of the PO for registration and DENR to provide technical assistance in the formulation of CBL

September 8, 2017 51 19 To consult the community of their chosen species


Project can intervene on areas within the potential site of the watershed. However, the issue will be lodged to the project management

Maranat Buntalis Farmers’ Association (MBFA)

February 06, 2018 42 48 To orient the PO about the INREM Project


NRM Subproject will be endorsed to PPMO – PASu and Access road rehabilitation will be endorsed to PLGU for Rural Infrastructure

February 10, 2018 37 48 To conduct Community Mapping



Ompia Farmers’ Association (OFA)

February 27, 2018 39 17 To orient the PO about the INREM Project To renew the existing People’s Organization

Acquisition of lands

Provision of seedlings and fund needed for the plantation

Intervention that is suitable

The project will provide all the assistance that the beneficiaries will be needing but there will be no land acquisition or any type of acquisition in the project

Collections of contributions from the members of the PO and Providing

45



M F Payment for renewal

Criteria of choosing the direct beneficiaries/ organization

technical assistance to the PO

The direct beneficiaries are those who have claimed lands but if some wants to avail but don’t have claimed areas, it is up to the organization to decide if they will include that certain individual; there are no maximum members required but the members should not be less than 25 individuals

February 28, 2018 37 15 PO Assessment Community Mapping

Registration of the Peoples’ Organization Advantages and how can the INREM Project help the POs

The already-formed organization in the area will be intended for the project and the assigned staff will assist them in renewing their registration. The advantages of the INREM Project to the POs is that it can help them augment their family income through the NRM intervention and not just their own lives but by implementing the project (commercial tree plantation) they can contribute to the betterment of the environment and watershed

Rugnan Valley Multi Crop Producer Cooperative (RVMCPC)

Feb. 1, 2017 26 1 Orientation of PO about the INREM Project

61. Timber poaching,

62. 63. Denuded areas within the protection and

NRM Proposed area will be endorsed to PPMO-PASu and Access road rehabilitation proposal will be endorsed to PLGU for Rural Infrastructure

46



M F conservation 64. 65. Poor Access road Lack of capability in preparation of project proposal and other required paper works




Sara Farmers Association (SFA)

February 19, 2017 15 10 Orientation of PO about the INREM Project

Timber poaching, Denuded areas within the protection and conservation Poor Access road Lack of capability in preparation of project proposal and other required paper works


January 25 & 31,201 8 15 10 Community Mapping and Planning

Some potential areas are outside the coverage of


47



M F sub-watershed

Sunrise Producer Association (SPA)

February

1, 2017

56 28 To orient the PO about the INREM Project To organize and strengthen the PO



December

17, 2017




Tangcal Farmers’ Association (TFA)

February 20, 2018 57 7 To orient the PO about the INREM Project To organize and strengthen the PO

What are the criteria in the selection of land before it can be approved? What would be the assistance that could provide by INREMP Personnel to the members of organization as well as to the community? How could they avail such project if some of their land is

The INREMP Staff discuss each criterion for selecting land for the project. The INREMP Personnel will assess them concerning in paper works and to their other concern regarding in the project. Anyone is welcomed to avail the project as long as they are farmers willing to accept the terms and conditions of the project or the landowners that willingly to join as well.

48



M F within rice field or in alienable and disposable land?

February 21, 2018 22 15 To identify, locate and draw in the map the various resources within their locality such as the land uses, rivers, infrastructures, houses, sacred grounds and other natural features

Barangay Boundary was not in actual boundary as known by the officials


PO Dates of consultation

No. of Participant

s

Topics discusse

d

Issues Raised


M F Carandangan Mipaga Peoples Organization (CMPO)

Feb. 1, 2017 33 3 To orient the PO about the INREM Project


NRM Subproject Proposal will be addressed to PASu and Access road rehabilitation will be endorsed to PLGU for Rural Infrastructure




Gacap Piagapo Agriculture Association (GPAA)

February 1, 2017




49



M F December 17, 2017




Gurainians Bacolod-Kalawi Farmers’ Association (GBKFA)

March 07,2018 53 41 To orient the PO about the INREM Project

lack of knowledge in paper works

The INREMP Staff will assist them concerning paper works

March 08,2018 31 17 To conduct Community Mapping


Irrigation and water system will be endorsed to PLGU for Rural Infrastructure

Ilalag Farmers Association (IFA)


Timber poaching,

Denuded areas within the protection and conservation

Poor Access road

Lack of capability in preparation of project proposal and other required paper works

Access road rehabilitation will be endorsed to PLGU for Rural Infrastructure,

Technical assistance in the preparation of pertinent documents

October 28, 2017 14 14 Community

Some potential

INREMP Project cover only areas

50



M F Mapping and Planning

areas are outside the coverage of sub-watershed

potential sites within the sub-watershed. However, we’ll try to raise their concern

Panginam o Masa Peoples Marketing Cooperative (PMPMC)


Expropriation of the identified areas after the implementation of the project

Expropriation of areas is not an aim of the project. It only aims to reduce the poverty incidence in the communities surrounding the Lake Lanao

February 28, 2018 19 18 To aware the community and give insights of the political boundary and range of their jurisdiction

Commencement and certainty of the implementation

Acquiring other projects aside from NRM

Implementation of the project will start as soon as the requirements and other needed data will finish

There are other project like Livelihood enhancement Support (LES) and Portable Water System which they can avail aside from NRM

Samer Blue-Green Association (SBGA)



NRM Access road rehabilitation will be endorsed to PLGU for Rural Infrastructure

March 01, 2018 19 18 To conduct Community Mapping



Walo a Panoroganan Farmers’ Association (WPFA)

May 5, 2017 19 4 To orient the PO about the INREM Project

Seedlings to be cultivated

Mode of payment

Technical staff repeated the discussion and made it clear about the kinds of seedlings to be cultivated following the specific intervention that is

51



M F suitable in their area which is Commercial Tree Plantation, Agroforestry, and Reforestation

The mode of payment will be bank-to-bank transaction, the fund will be downloaded from the Central Office directly to the account of the People’s Organization

February 6, 2018 47 23 To enable stakeholders the opportunity to know about INREMP

Faster implementation of the Project, process of availing livelihood projects

Targeted to be contracted this year (2018) as long as ADB issues No Objection Letter (NOL)

There will be an activity to be scheduled for Livelihood Enhancement Support discussion


No. of Participant

s

Topics discusse

d

Issues Raised


M F Harith Tree Planting Farmers Organization (HTPFO)

May 9, 2017


Expropriation of the identified areas after the implementation of the project

Expropriation of areas is not an aim of the project. It only aims to reduce the poverty incidence in the communities surrounding the Lake Lanao

February 06, 2018

47 23 To give an orientation-briefing the different stakeholders on

52


No. of Participant

s

Topics discusse

d

Issues Raised


M F INREMP in LLRB

Kasalimbtad sa Madaya Farmers Organization (KMFO)

March 7, 2018 53 41 To orient the PO about the INREM Project


Mode of payment

Technical staff repeated the discussion and made it clear about the kinds of seedlings to be cultivated following the specific intervention that is suitable in their area which is Commercial Tree Plantation and Agroforestry


March 8, 2018 18 16 To aware the community and give insights of the political boundary and range of their jurisdiction To produce digitized map where access road, landmarks, water source, land-use and proposed

Boundary conflict

The PO and the Brgy. Chairman have agreed to help each other in the implementation of the new identified sub-project type situated at the Barangay, along with the help from MPDC to clarify the boundary conflict.

53


No. of Participant

s

Topics discusse

d

Issues Raised


M F area of development are well delineated

Kianodan Farmers Association (KFA)

July 18, 2018 12 8 To orient the PO about the INREM Project

Timber poaching,


Poor Access road

Lack of capability in preparation of project proposal and other required paper works



July 19, 2018 21 12 Community Mapping and Planning



Punud Farmers Association (PFA)


Timber poaching,


Poor Access road



54


No. of Participant

s

Topics discusse

d

Issues Raised


M F Lack of

capability in preparation of project proposal and other required paper works

October 28, 2017 14 14 Communi

ty Mapping and Planning



Sania Farmers Association (SFA)


Timber poaching,


Poor Access road Lack of capability in preparation of project proposal and other required paper works


January 25 & 31,201 8 15 10 Community Mapping and Planning


Prepare simplified version of process flow to be explained in simple terms to PO Technical assistance from INREMP staff in

55


No. of Participant

s

Topics discusse

d

Issues Raised


M F the preparation of documentary requirements to get payment of accomplishment

Wato Balindong Farmers Producer Cooperative (WBFPC)

November 29, 2016 21 9 To orient the PO about the INREM Project


NRM Access road rehabilitation will be endorsed to PLGU for Rural Infrastructure

February 24, 2018 25 11 To measure the capacity of the people organization in handling project




No. of Participant

s

Topics discusse

d

Issues Raised


M F Bato-Bato Farmers Association (BFA)

August 14, 2018

57 7

To orient the PO about the INREM Project

lack of knowledge

in paper works

The INREMP Staff will assess them

concerning in paper works

August 14, 2018

21 14

To conduct Community Mapping

How to avail in other

project menu of INREMP

like irrigation

and water system

Irrigation and water system will be

endorsed to PLGU for Rural

Infrastructure

Dibarusan Multi-Purpose Association (DMPA)

March 15, 2018




56


No. of Participant

s

Topics discusse

d

Issues Raised


M F March 15, 2018 20 8 To

conduct Community Mapping



Khairan-Cabasaran Farmers Association (KCFA)




August 29,2018 44 19 To conduct Community Mapping



Moriatao Ampaso Farmers Association (MAFA)




September 4, 2018

43 24 To orient the PO about the roles of Beneficiaries and the officers

lack of IEC Environmental knowledge and Use of Natural Resources

Access road rehabilitation will be endorsed to PLGU for Rural Infrastructure and NRM Subproject will be endorsed to PPMO PASu

Moriatao Diangka Farmers Association (MDFA),



Mode of payment

Technical staff repeated the discussion and made it clear about the kinds of seedlings to be cultivated following the specific intervention that is suitable in their area which is Commercial Tree Plantation and

57


No. of Participant

s

Topics discusse

d

Issues Raised


M F Conservation Farming.


October 17, 2018 21 12 To organize and strengthen the People’s Organization

Payment for registration

Collections of contributions from the members of the PO and providing technical assistance to the PO

Moriatao-Gumaga Farmers Association (MGFA)

September 04, 2018 35 30 To orient the PO about the INREM Project


Access road rehabilitation will be endorsed to PLGU for Rural Infrastructure and NRM Subproject Proposal will be endorsed to PPMO-PASu

September 21, 2018 21 14 To conduct Community Mapping



Natangcopan Farmers Association (NFA)


Poor access road, lack of knowledge in paper works

Access road rehabilitation will be endorsed to PLGU for Rural Infrastructure and NRM Subproject proposal will be endorsed to PPMO-PASu

November 20, 2018 21 14 To conduct Community Mapping



Raya Bacolod-Kalawi Farmers

March 7, 2018 20 31 To orient the PO about the

Access road, lack of knowledge

Access road rehabilitation will be endorse to PLGU for Rural Infrastructure

58


No. of Participant

s

Topics discusse

d

Issues Raised


M F Association (RBKFA)

INREM Project

in paper works

and NRM Subproject will be endorse to PPMO-PASu

March 8, 2018 16 11 To consult the community of their chosen species



Sky Green Farmers Association (SGFA)




August 08 2018 16 9 To conduct Community Mapping

Why we need to rectify the map? Can the beneficiaries avail other project aside from NRM?

There is and overlap between the area of Brgy. Bato and Brgy. Madaya, DENR-INREMP is not only concern with the natural resources but also to the livelihood of the community and Rural Infrastructure as well.

61. The draft MEDP will be submitted to ADB for review and disclosure of the final document in ADB website. Summary of the IPP will be prepared in English and translated in local language. Printed copies will be provided in barangay halls and INREMP project offices.

H. BENEFICIAL AND MITIGATION MEASURES

66. The proposed projects will result increase in forest cover, alleviate poverty, provide employment opportunities to the community and improve the water quality and yield in the watershed by reduction of soil erosion and pollution. Their inherent right to access their lands will promote and protect rights to utilize natural resources and to the preservation of culture and local knowledge.

67. Mitigation measures are not applicable because all subproject proposals (NRM, RI, and LES) are anticipated not to introduce adverse impacts to the environment and surrounding communities. Should any unanticipated impact to the ethnic communities become apparent during project implementation, the implementing agency will carry out summary impact assessment and update the MEDP following ADB Safeguards policy requirements.

59

I. CAPACITY BUILDING

68. For capacity building related to this project, the following key actions have been conducted by the project management institutional consultant (PMIC) to strengthen the social, legal and technical capabilities of the PO, LGU, and other stakeholders:

Capacity Building Activities Beneficiaries Purpose Natural Resources Management Preparation of watershed

management plan DENR, PO, PPMO

Development and management framework of the watershed

Land-use planning DENR, PO, PPMO

Delineation of land-use zoning for protection and conservation forest and production forest, and other land-uses

GIS training DENR, PO, PPMO

Skills development in mapping using GIS software

Preparation of subproject proposal DENR, PO Capacitation of partners in the preparation of the different NRM subprojects proposals

Community Mapping and Planning PO, DENR Capacitate farmers and DENR in making forestry and farm plans based on the delineated land-uses

Information, Education, and Communication Training

PO, DENR Capacitate the DENR and PO in the promotion of environmental education and the INREMP to the community

Community organizing training PO, DENR Increase the capacity of PO and DENR in community organizing

Forest nursery and plantation establishment training

PO Enhance the indigenous knowledge of tree farmers using scientific methods

Conservation farming training PO Enhance the indigenous knowledge of farmers in farming methods to conserve soil fertility and prevent soil erosion

Agroforestry Training PO Increase the knowledge of farmers in appropriate techniques in agroforestry system

Accreditation and Scoping Training PO, DENR Capacitate the DENR and PO in accreditation system for them to effectively carry out the participatory monitoring and assessment

Financial literacy training PO Capacitate the PO in handling funds

Watershed governance training PO, LGU, DENR

Increase the capacity of PO, DENR, and LGU in managing and developing the river basin’s resources

Monitoring and Evaluation Training PO, LGU, DENR

Promotion of participative monitoring and evaluation

Rural Infrastructure Preparation of concept paper

training for RI projects DENR, PPMO Strengthen the capacity in project

preparation

60

SPD preparation training LGU, DENR, PPMO

Capacitate the implementers in the preparation of SPDs

Training-Workshop on Cost-Benefit Analysis, Social and Environmental Safeguards

LGU, DENR, PPMO

Capacitate the implementers in the preparation of work and financial plan

Procurement training LGU, DENR, PPMO, PO

Capacitate the stakeholders in the legitimate method of procurement based on the provisions of procurement law

GIS training DENR, PO, PPMO

Skills development in mapping using GIS software

Environmental and Social Safeguards Trainings

DENR, PO, PPMO

Capacitate the implementers in the preparation of social and environmental safeguards requirement in the SPP and SPD

Costing Standard Training DENR, PO, PPMO

Capacitate the Municipal Planning Officer/Engineer in the preparation of detailed engineering design and cost estimates

Technical Writing and Report Preparation Training

DENR, LGU, PPMO

Enhance the technical writing capacity, preparation of reports, and documentation

Livelihood Enhancement Support LES subproject preparation training DENR, PO Capacitate PO in the preparation of

subproject proposal Training Workshop on Market

Exploration Assessment and Value Chain Analysis

DENR, PO Increase capacity of PO in marketing and product development

Business Planning Workshop for LES

DENR, PO Increase business skills of PO

Future Capacity Building Outsourcing PO PO should be capacitated on to apply

for funding support Preparation and writing of project

proposals PO POs, being farmers, should be assisted

in the preparation of project proposals

Project Mgt Training PO After INREMP, the PO should be capable to manage the project on their own

Payment of Environmental Services DENR, PO PO and LGU should know how to determine PES and enforce it

Para legal Training DENR, PO PO and LGU should be equip with legal technicalities on forest protection, particularly in apprehension of violators

J. INSTITUTIONAL AND IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENT

69. In this project, the headship of the implementation of the INREMP is given to the DENR. For RI projects, however, the PPMO of the provincial government is responsible for local coordination in the preparation of SPD, organization of LGU, and facilitation of logistics and

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financial requirements of the project. This arrangement is made possible by virtue of the memorandum of agreement between the DENR and the Provincial Government of Lanao del Sur. The DENR is responsible in the control and release of funds for the financing of project’s activities upon compliance all requirements to trigger the release of funds. The PMIC is responsible for capacity building, strengthening of technical knowhow of the DENR, assist in the preparation of different SPPs and SPDs, review all project proposals, assists in the validation and monitoring of all proposals and accomplishment reports. The POs and LGUs are responsible in the preparation of subproject proposals. In the case of NRM or LES subprojects, the POs are responsible for the site identification and preparation, securing pertinent documents needed for the preparation of SPPs, ground logistics, management, and work force on the ground. For the RI projects, the LGUs are responsible for the identification of existing RI projects for rehabilitation or improvements, securing the necessary clearances, and coordination with community.

70. For the implementation arrangement of the NRM and LES subprojects, the roles and responsibilities of stakeholders are as follows:

a. During the preparatory phase, the responsibilities of the different players/stakeholders are described below, to wit:

i. The DENR shall be responsible in the disclosure of the project to the community, community mapping and organizing, assessment and evaluation of NRM and LES projects, identification of projects’ location on the ground, land-use mapping, and validation of the different subproject proposals.

ii. The PO shall be responsible in the preparation of concept paper of SPPs, formulation of full text of SPP and site identification and preparation for enrollment in the project.

iii. The PMIC shall be responsible in the capacity building, provision of assistance in the preparation of SPPs through mentoring, assessment, review, and revision of the outputs of POs and DENR, and submission of the SPPs to the ADB for issuance of NOL.

b. During the implementation phase the responsibilities of the parties are as follows:

i. DENR shall be responsible for the preparation and signing of partnership agreement, scoping and accreditation of POs, and provision of direct assistance in the implementation of the different NRM and LES SPPs.

ii. The POs shall be responsible for the ground preparation and establishment of agroforestry, conservation farms, commercial tree plantation, and reforestation in protection and conservation forest, supply of labor force, and procurement of necessary materials and equipment for the implementation of SPP.

iii. The PMIC shall be responsible for the capacity building in the best available technology and establishment practices for NRM and LES projects.

c. During the post-implementation phase, the responsibilities of the parties are as follows:

i. DENR shall facilitate the payment of accomplishments of POs that were able to satisfy the required documentation to trigger payments, lead in the monitoring and

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evaluation, preparation of post project evaluation and accomplishment reports, and project acceptance.

ii. The POs shall commit to implement the mechanisms to sustain the projects intervention after INREMP, ensure protection and conservation of forestry areas, adoption of agroforestry and conservation farming technologies even without INREMP, and sustain good practices in PO’s governance system.

iii. The PMIC shall actively participate in the monitoring and evaluation programs, continue the capacity building particularly in financial literacy and good governance, and capacitate the POs in fund sourcing and development of sustainability mechanisms.

71. For the implementation of RI projects, the following implementation arrangements are recommended:

a. Pre-construction Phase. The pre-construction phase covers the period from preparation of SPD to submission of the document to the ADB. The responsibilities of the parties are as follows:

i. The LGU shall be responsible for the following:

Clearing the site of any claims by securing waivers or deed of donations of properties that will be affected by the road rehabilitation. It shall also be responsible in the preparation and revision of the SPD;

Creation of the subproject management units (SPMU) composed of the MPDC (Municipal Planning and Development Coordinator) and the ME (Municipal Engineer), and many others

ii. The PPMO shall be the coordinating body, which shall link the LGU and the DENR, validation of the proposal as reflected in the DED and costing of materials, and assist the LGU in complying with the requirements, particularly in securing waivers and documentary requirements in the preparation and securing environmental clearance certificate (ECC).

iii. The DENR shall be responsible for the assessment and approval of the proposed subproject proposal, and submission and facilitation of SPDs in the ADB.

iv. The CESM shall be responsible for the following:

Capacity building on LGU’s concerns, PPMO, and DENR, particularly on the preparation of SPD, procurement and preparation of bidding document, construction supervision and financial management, and operation, maintenance and sustainability;

Review of the SPD and provide suggestions to improve the contents thereof, particularly in the DED, write-ups, and social and environmental safeguards.

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b. Construction Phase. Following the issuance of No Objection Letter (NOL) from ADB, the approved SPD shall proceed into the implementation phase. The responsibilities of the parties are as follows:

i. The LGU shall be responsible for the following:

Compliance of the provision stipulated under the procurement law, including the bidding preparation and selection of contractors based on the guidelines provided by law.

Provide the equity as stipulated in the contract/partnership agreement Creation of management unit committee to manage the project, which

will be responsible for directing the implementation and supervision of the contractor on the ground

Preparation of relevant documentation in compliance with the requirement of the ADB and DENR

ii. The PPMO shall be responsible for the following: Coordination of all activities related to the implementation of the

subproject, including the facilitation of release of funds to the implementer.

Monitoring and evaluation of the outputs and implementation progress iii. The DENR shall be responsible of the following tasks:

Monitoring the progress of implementation, in coordination with PPMO, CESM, and other stakeholders

Validation of reports Evaluation of outputs Processing of billing of contractors Release of funds

iv. The CESM shall be responsible for the following task: Continuous capacity building training/seminars of the DENR, PPMO,

and LGUs, and other stakeholders, depending on the needs during the project implementation;

Membership in the evaluation and monitoring team;

c. Post Implementation Phase. After the completion of the subproject, the responsibilities of the parties are as follows:

i. The LGU shall be responsible of the following:

Accepts the project after thorough inspection and satisfaction of the result of project implementation of the contractor;

Passed a resolution taking the responsibility to maintain the good condition of the road by allocating budget for maintenance

ii. The DENR shall be responsible for the following: Inspects the completed project if it conforms with the specifications and

standards Accepts the project;

iii. The PPMO shall inspect the completed project and provide assistance to the DENR in carrying out the post implementation activities, such as documentation and reporting of results.

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iv. The CESM shall provide technical assistance to the LGU, DENR and PPMO on matters related post implementation phase of the project, such as maintenance of the projects and documentation and reportorial requirements

K. PROPOSED STRATEGIES IN CARRYING OUT MARANAO ETHNIC DEVELOPMENT PLAN

72. Due to the unique cultural landscape of Lanao areas, the implementation of projects could be more socially acceptable if the environmental teachings in Islam are taken into consideration. For this reason, it is highly suggested that in the implementation of this plan, the “Al Khalifah” (The Steward) concepts in Islam for Environmental Protection. Inclusion of Islamic principles in the implementation strategy would provide leverage because Islam believers would give more authoritative weight of Islamic teaching on nature’s conservation and protection rather than the state sponsored rules and regulations. Implementation of LLRB projects could be more effective, enforceable and relevant when cultural and intellectual heritage sensitivity is embedded in the management and implementation plan.

73. Also, in the implementation, integration of the functioning organizations on the ground, including the religious groups, community elders, respected clan members in the community, and sultans is much needed. These organizations are the primary movers on the ground during the project implementation, in collaboration with the PLGU, BDA, CSOs, and academe. Some specific strategies include:

a. Organization of the religious leaders (Ulama, Kadi, Imam) and then capacitate or equip them with the necessary environmental knowledge that they could use in spreading the gospel of environmental conservation, protection, and rehabilitation of LLRB. In turn, INREMP shall support projects (e.g. provision of community water system, livelihood) within the Lake Lanao River Basin.

b. During the stakeholders’ consultation, community leaders, high ranking clan members or clan leaders, and sultans must be invited, together with the LGU officials and security forces. During the forum, let them state their commitments on the project (with corresponding Quran swearing) and allow them to define their respective duties and responsibilities on the project (by themselves).

c. Provide support to Madrasah schools as part of IEC campaign and venue for environmental education in the community level.

74. Identification of common area of collaboration among different groups in LLRB. Economic package could be a common ground in which each of this group would be willing to cooperate.

75. Recognition of CSO and CSA as part of the LLRB council. They play a very important role (as safety valve) against graft and corruption and ensure check and balances in the management of funds. 76. Strengthens the livelihood enhancement support and marketing assistance. Taking into consideration the Maranaos good skills in small business and entrepreneurship, a start-up financial support to be given the Maranao will result in increase of income and alleviation of poverty. Establishment of farmers’ market in Marawi City as venue for farmers to sell their products will also be of great help for farmers to generate profitable income from farming and eliminate the influence

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of middle traders, which oftentimes make huge profit out of farmers products. The farmers’ market in Marawi City will serve as a hub of agricultural entrepreneur in Lanao del Sur.

77. Strengthens the collaboration with Mindanao State University (MSU) in vocational training and entrepreneurship programs. The farmers need continuous capacity building and skills development even after the expiration of INREMP. The presence of MSU within the LLRB, which has vocational training entrepreneurship programs, will be the key to materialize the continuous capacity building and technical assistance to the Maranao communities within the LLRB. The MSU has developed vocational training centers and entrepreneurship programs in collaboration with other local and foreign universities and government agencies with the main goal of making the people of Lanao to become economically productive. 78. Although this is outside the scope of INREMP, creation of Ranao Development Authority (RDA) will be the tool to resolve overlapping mandates and management jurisdiction in the Lake Lanao River Basin. The RDA will serve as an overarching government body that would harmonize all development and management programs for the LLRB.

79. Implementation Schedule. The main focus of the intervention is capacitating the implementing partners on the ground, including the POs and LGUs.

Table 6. Implementation schedule Activities Indicative Schedule Natural Resources Management Community organizing training September 2016-July 2017 Preparation of watershed management plan, which

incorporates the Al Khalifah concepts in forest mgt December 2016-December 2017

Land-use planning with LGUs and INREMP staff March 2017-September 2017

GIS training October 2017-March 2018 Preparation of subproject proposal January 2018-June 2018 Community mapping and planning January 2018 – August

2018 Information, Education, and Communication training January 2018-December

2018 Forest nursery and plantation establishment training August 2018-January 2019 Conservation farming training December 2018-June

2019 Agroforestry training December 2018-June

2019 Accreditation and scoping training January 2019-December

2019 Financial literacy training January 2019-December

2019 Watershed governance training January 2019-December

2019 Monitoring and evaluation training / Monitoring of the

Maranao Ethnic Development Plan training March 2019-June 2020

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Formulation of policy proposal for the creation of Ranao Development Authority

January 2020-June 2020

Rural Infrastructure Preparation of concept paper training for RI projects April 2018-June 2018 SPD preparation training June 2018-September

2018 Training-workshop on cost-benefit analysis, social and

environmental safeguards June 2018-September 2018

Procurement training September 2018-January 2019

Environmental and Social Safeguards Trainings September 2018-June 2019

Costing Standard Training September 2018-January 2019

Technical Writing and Report Preparation Training/Mentoring

April 2018-January 2019

Livelihood Enhancement Support (LES) LES subproject preparation training August 2018-December

2018 Training workshop on market exploration assessment and

value chain analysis September 2018-January 2019

Business planning workshop for LES September 2018-January 2019

Future Capacity Building Outsourcing March 2019-Janaury 2020 Preparation and writing of project proposals September 2029-January

2020 Project management training November 2019- March

2020 Payment of Environmental Services January 2019-December

2019 Para legal training January 2019-December

2019 L. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM 80. Justice in the Maranao Community is usually administered by the sultan or datu within the framework of the ‘Taritib’ and ‘Ijma’ which are considered the substance of Maranao Adat Law. Generally, taritib is the order, arrangement, sequence or protocol of traditions, customs, usages that are observed in the Maranao communities. Ijma refers to the existing laws long observed in the Maranao communities based on Islamic concept. Grave offenses (Miakamaolika) are to be settled in the Maranao traditional taritibadat or ijma. Authority is exercised by the group of leaders collectively called the Pelok-loksen (Council of Elders) each bearing a hierarchy of civil and religious titles such as sultan, radiamoda, cabugatan, cali, and imam.18 81. Prior to the implementation of the subprojects, whether NRM or LES or RI, the implementing agency shall be required to post in the tarpaulin to be displayed in the project area or in the bulletin board of the LGU about the information and procedure in filing appropriate

18 Ibid [8]

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grievances or complaint, indicating the contact information, either mobile phone or email, and the name of person responsible in receiving the complaint. 82. It is the cardinal rule in dispute resolution to exhaust all alternative dispute resolution to resolve the conflict amicably. Filing of cases before the Court of Justice shall be the last resort. 83. In case conflict arises involving members within the community, especially for members of same clan or groups, the traditional conflict management shall apply with the Tribal Council or Elders shall serve as the GRM Body. 84. The first level of resolving the conflict is through traditional methods. In Maranao community, the resolution of conflict is usually handled by community elders or tribal council. The Tribal Council or Elders is composed of influential members of the community, traditional leaders, religious leaders, and local government officials, etc. shall take cognizance of the case at the first instance. 85. The Council shall have jurisdiction over the following controversies:

Intra-organizational disputes, involving active and inactive members of the organization;

Questions or issues related to the management and operation of the organization; if the member of the Council is involved, he/she shall inhibit himself/herself from the resolution of the case;

Any other similarly related cases, in which the Council may voluntarily take cognizance with the express consent of the disputing parties.

86. Grievances or arising conflicts shall be handled following the procedures outlined below:

a. The complainant shall file a verbal or written complaint before the officers of the PO in case the issues arises from NRM or LES project. In case of RI, the complaint shall be filed before the appropriate grievance committee or body created by the MLGU. In case of verbal complaint, the receiving officer shall require the complainant to reduce the complaint in writing to fix the issues and concerns;

b. The complaint shall be filed or texted before to the Secretary of the Council. The Secretary shall notify the Chairman and members of the Council, and then the Chairman shall call for meeting of all members of the Council. If the Council shall find the case meritorious for resolution, a notice shall be given to the offending party who shall be required to submit the answer within 15 days following the receipt of notice;

c. Unless the operation of the organization is seriously affected by the disputing parties, the Council shall hear of the case only after the 60 days cooling off period from the time the answer was received by the Secretary;

d. During the formal hearing of the issues, the Council shall require the disputing parties to swear before the Quran, to tell the truth and nothing but the truth;

e. Each party shall be given the opportunity to be heard. Each party shall present his case before the Council orally, with or without supporting documents or witnesses. The complainant shall present his case first, then the respondent;

f. During the hearing, the Council may interpose clarificatory questions to elucidate vague issues presented by the presenting party;

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g. After hearing the presentation of complainant and respondent, the Council shall endeavor to come up with a win-win solution of the case and try to reconcile the differences of disputing parties. To facilitate an amicable settlement, the Council shall endeavor to reach out the families and influential relatives of parties to help in settling the dispute amicably;

h. If the dispute is settled amicably, the Council shall request the parties for “Kandori”, which is a form of thanksgiving for the successful reconciliation of the parties;

87. In the event the case is not resolved within the level of the Council or elders, the Council shall forward the case to the Barangay Mediation Body (“Barangay Lupon Tagapamayapa”) for second level of amicable settlement. For this purpose, the Council shall issue a certification containing a statement that despite earnest efforts at the Council level, the parties are unwilling to enter into amicable settlement. The Barangay Conciliation body shall apply their own procedure in settling the dispute.

88. In cases that the issue cannot be resolve within the above-mentioned bodies, the following steps shall apply:

The grievance shall be filed by the affected person with the next higher level (Municipal level) who will act within 15 days upon receipt thereof;

If no understanding or amicable solution can be reached, or if the affected person (AP) does not receive a response from the WMC within 15 days of registry of the complaint, he/she can appeal to the concerned Provincial Watershed Mgt. Council (PWMC) which will act on the complaint/grievance within 15 days from the day of its filing;

If the affected person is not satisfied with the decision of the PWMC, he/she can appeal to Regional Project Coordinating Office (RPCO) within 15 days of receiving the decision of the Regional Project Coordination Office.

If the affected person is not satisfied with the decision of the RPCO, he/she can submit the complaint to any court of law.

89. Affected persons shall be exempted from all administrative and legal fees incurred pursuant to the grievance redress procedures. All complaints received in writing from affected persons will be documented and shall be acted upon immediately according to the procedures detailed above.

90. All grievance/complaints will be posted in respective Barangay and LGU Bulletin Boards for public disclosure/information. The functioning of the grievance redress mechanism will be regularly monitored and evaluated by the DENR-INREMP, during project implementation.

M. MONITORING, REPORTING AND EVALUATION

91. The DENR, with the assistance from implementing consultants, will prepare progress reports which will include updates on implementation of ethnic plan and any grievances received. At the local level, safeguards focal person will monitor on a regular basis and coordinate the participatory monitoring by beneficiaries.

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92. Regular monitoring of activities and performance evaluation of the project implementers shall be regularly conducted as a safety valve to ensure that the project activities are being religiously implemented on the ground based on the approved work and financial plan. Progressive billing scheme shall be adopted, which shall be based on accomplished activities vis-à-vis the timeline and program work as reflected in the work and financial plan (WFP). There will be monthly preparation of accomplishment reports to be submitted by the POs to DENR, which will be used as basis in the processing of payment for the accomplished activities. Feedback mechanism shall be also embedded into the monitoring system to facilitate performance evaluation and to help achieve the desired outcomes.

93. The process of establishing participatory monitoring must begin with the identification of monitoring criteria, against which the implementation of this plan will judge the success or failure of project activities. Indicators for the monitoring will be those related to the processes (indicators that show implementation progress) and outcome (indicators that measure whether the actions are successful). The outcome indicators reflect the results of the process.

94. A Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) Committee shall be organized, composed of the following: (a) 1 representative from DENR Region X (INREMP Focal Person) as chairman, (b) sub-watershed management officer (WMO), (c) sub-watershed site management officer, (d) Barangay Chairman or his representative, (e) 1 representative from Municipal Local Government Unit (MLGU), (f) 1 representative from religious group, preferably from within project site, (g) 1 representative from NGO, preferably from within the MLGU, and (h) 1 representative from the beneficiary/community.

N. BUDGET AND FINANCING

95. Although the actions are integrated into the overall implementation arrangements and total project budget, an estimate of indicative costs for the capacity building is indicated below:

Table 7. Indicative Budget

Activities Indicative Schedule Indicative Budget

Natural Resources Management Community organizing training September 2016-July 2017 400,000

Preparation of watershed management plan, which incorporates the Al Khalifah concepts in forest mgt

December 2016-December 2017

250,000

Land-use planning with LGUs and INREMP Staff

March 2017-September 2017

500,000

GIS training October 2017-March 2018 200,000

Preparation of subproject proposal January 2018-June 2018 250,000

Community Mapping and Planning January 2018 – August 2018 200,000

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Information, Education, and Communication Training

January 2018-December 2018

300,000

Forest nursery and plantation establishment training

August 2018-January 2019 300,000

Conservation farming training December 2018-June 2019 300,000

Agroforestry Training December 2018-June 2019 300,000

Accreditation and Scoping Training January 2019-December 2019

1,000,000

Financial literacy training January 2019-December 2019

250,000

Watershed governance training January 2019-December 2019

250,000

Monitoring and Evaluation Training March 2019-June 2020 500,000

Formulation of policy proposal for the creation of Ranao Development Authority

January 2020-June 2020 300,000

Rural Infrastructure Preparation of concept paper training

for RI projects April 2018-June 2018 250,000

SPD preparation training June 2018-September 2018 300,000

Training-Workshop on Cost-Benefit Analysis, Social and Environmental Safeguards

June 2018-September 2018 250,000

Procurement training September 2018-January 2019

250,000

Environmental and Social Safeguards Trainings

September 2018-June 2019 250,000

Costing Standard Training September 2018-January 2019

200,000

Technical Writing and Report Preparation Training/Mentoring

April 2018-January 2019 150,000

Livelihood Enhancement Support (LES) LES subproject preparation training August 2018-December

2018 250,000

Training Workshop on Market Exploration Assessment and Value Chain Analysis

September 2018-January 2019

400,000

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Business Planning Workshop for LES September 2018-January 2019

400,000

Future Capacity Building Outsourcing March 2019-Janaury 2020 250,000

Preparation and writing of project proposals

September 2029-January 2020

250,000

Project Mgt Training November 2019- March 2020

250,000

Payment of Environmental Services January 2019-December 2019

250,000

Para legal Training January 2019-December 2019

250,000

P. ANNEXES

Annex 1. Documentation of Consultations for NRM

Annex 2. Documentation of Consultations LES

Annex 3. Documentation of Consultations RI

Ethnic Minority Development Plan PHI: Integrated Natural ...

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