Ethnic Conflict, Mass Killings, Genocide and (1)

8/10/2019 Ethnic Conflict, Mass Killings, Genocide and (1)

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Ethnic Confict, Mass Killings,Genocide and International Security

Mohammad Atique Rahman

Assistant Professor


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What is Ethnic Conict? Why Mass killings and Genocide Haened? Glo!al "rend of Mass #illing and Genocide

$macts on $nternational %ecurity $nternational Resonse"he future trends

The Road Map:


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"oday& ethnic conict is one of the internationally

recogni'ed ma(or social conicts) After *+,- till *+.. there /ere *** ethnic conicts in /hich

01 /ere internal matters and 10 /ere /ar of stateformation i)e) autonomy)

"ill no/ *22 ethnic /ars ha3e !een reorted /hich caused

*0)- million eole ha3e died in internal conicts&comared /ith 1)1 million in interstate /ars)

Results5 Human loss& /idesread refugee dislocations andeconomic de3astation)

6ragging countries to engage into a regional /arfare) Pose signi7cant threats to international eace and security)

Setting the Context


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An ethnic conict or ethnic /ar is an armed conict !et/een ethnic grous) $tcontrasts /ith ci3il /ar on one hand 8/here a single nation or ethnic grou is

7ghting among itself9 and regular /arfare on the other& /here t/o or moreso3ereign states 8/hich may or may not !e nation states9 are in conict)

Priordialist accounts: Proonents of rimordialist accounts of ethnicconict argue that :;e);*


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A) Methods for eliminating dierences5

Genocide @orced massoulation transfers Partition andBor secession 8selfdetermination9 $ntegration andBor assimilation

) Methods for managing dierences5 Hegemonic control Ar!itration 8thirdarty inter3ention9 Cantonisation andBor federalisation Consociationalism or o/ersharing

Mani#estations Ethnic Confict


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:Genocide&> a term used to descri!e 3iolence againstmem!ers of a national& ethnical& racial or religious grou/ith the intent to destroy the entire grou)

$n *+,.& the Dnited ations declared genocide to !e aninternational crimeF the term /ould later !e alied to thehorri7c acts of 3iolence committed during conicts in theformer ugosla3ia and in the African country of R/anda inthe *++s)

"hat is Genocide


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$n *++2& the go3ernment of osniaHer'ego3ina declared its

indeendence from ugosla3ia& and osnian %er! leaders targeted!oth osniak 8osnian Muslim9 and Croatian ci3ilians for atrociouscrimes resulting in the deaths of some *& eole !y *++-)

Ethnic Confict in $osnia


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@rom Aril to midIuly *++,& mem!ers of the Hutu ma(ority

in R/anda murdered some .& eole& mostly of the"utsi minority& /ith horrifying !rutality and seed)

Ethnic Confict in R%anda


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.& men& /omen& and children "utsis /ere killed in one/eek in *++, 8from 0*, Aril9 in R/anda) 2&& Hutu /erethe eretrators


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Glo&al Trend o# Mass Killing and Genocide

Increasing rate o# huan deaths'


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"inning the &attles and losing the%ars


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Humanitarian Crisis5 A"J inter3ened in #oso3o in *++.++to end %er!Ks atrocities against Al!anian Muslims)

Child %oldiers5 2-& in3ol3ed in Ethnic Conict Conict Economy5 lood 6iamond An Agenda for Peace !y outros Ghali *++. formation of $nternational Criminal Court$CC

Iplications to Glo&al Peace and Security


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International Response: (i!ided )pinion: Polari*ation


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%luggish resonse5 #urdistan& %yria& Egyt and Li!ya) D Ro!ust Peacekeeing5 "hird Generation P)#)

Peace!uilding to re3ent recurrence of 3iolence Regional P)#5 JAD& A"J Humanitarian $nter3ention

+uture Trends:

Ethnic Conflict, Mass Killings, Genocide and (1)

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