Ethics Year 9 Knowledge Organisers Term 1: Stand up ...

Ethics

Year 9 Knowledge Organisers

Term 1: Stand up against Discrimination

Tips to Stop Discrimination

• Be proud of who you are • Be assertive when it’s safe to do

so • Discrimination is not okay and that

it is against the law • Don’t deal with it alone there are

others who can support you (Friends, parents, online help, teachers)

• Talk positively about other cultures or groups and teach them acceptance

• Avoid retaliation or displays of aggression instead report WRONG behaviour

• Challenge stereotypes • Be Brave

Topics Covered

What is discrimination? Why is it

wrong?

What is prejudice?

What do religions say about

Discrimination?

Do not discriminate because of

anything: Sexual preference, Age,

Gender, Race, Religion, disability,

pregnancy

Key figures who stood up against

Discrimination:

Gandhi, Martin Luther King, Malcolm

X, Nelson Mandela

How can you fight Discrimination?

Fighting Discrimination today.

Evaluating if the world is a better

place in the 21st Century

Useful Links:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NQoVLqCuA2g What is Discrimination? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zRwt25M5nGw Don’t treat people differently https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eFQkLp5u-No Anti-Racism teacher https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FZySxUtepSw Gandhi https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PyurjhRNOmw Martin Luther King https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lERbO006Ppk Malcolm X https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Yto4-Ft9dc Nelson Mandela https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GQdMgtncpoE Racism in the USA today.

Keyword Definition

Ageism Discrimination against someone because of their age

Ahimsa Hindu belief in ‘do no harm’

Anti-semitism Discrimination against Jews because of their religion

Assassination Murder

Black supremacy Belief that black people are better than other races

Boycott Not using goods or services of a company or country to make a point and force a change in law or practice

Discrimination Treating someone unfairly because of the way they are, eg, colour, disability, etc

Diversity Differences in people – to be celebrated

Elijah Muhammad Leader of Nation of Islam

Emancipated Given freedom, eg, from slavery

Equal Having the same status and being treated the same as other people

Gandhi Civil rights leader who fought for equality for Indian people in India

Hajj Fifth pillar of Islam, annual pilgrimage held in Saudi Arabia for Muslims

Homophobia Discrimination against people who are homosexual

Islamaphobia Discrimination against Muslims because of their religion

KKK Stands for Ku Klux Klan, a white supremacist group in America

Malcolm X Civil rights leader who fought for equality for black people in America

Martin Luther King Jr Baptist minister and civil rights leader who fought for equality for black people in America

Jim Crow laws Unfair laws in America practiced in 50s and 60s to keep black people separate from white people, eg, different schools and hospitals

Nation of Islam Black supremacist Muslim group joined by Malcolm X

Pacifist A person who does not believe in using violence to make a point

Pastor, minister preacher,

Someone who leads Church services like a vicar or a priest

Positive discrimination

Discrimination against someone to give them more than other people, eg, Metropolitan Police actively recruiting black, Asian and female people

Prejudice Literally, pre-judging someone on the way they look or act

Racism Discrimination against people because of their colour or race

Satyahtaha Hindu belief in peaceful civil disobedience, eg, sit-ins

Segregation Keeping certain people separated usually due to their colour, race, etc

Sermon Lesson a vicar teaches during their Church service

Sexism Discrimination against people because of their gender

White supremacy Belief that white people are better than other races

Help with

Answering

Questions

Here are tips to help you

write answer to your

questions.

Challenge yourself. Practice questions.

1. Why is Discrimination wrong?

2. Explain what Ahimsa is and how Gandhi used it

to fight discrimination.

3. Describe what the Churches were like in 1960’s

America.

4. Outline the ways in which Martin Luther King

fought against segregation.

5. Why did Malcolm X change after going to Hajj?

6. Evaluate the different methods of fighting

prejudice we have looked at.

Mohandas Gandhi

Occupation: Civil Rights Leader Born: October 2, 1869 in Porbandar, India Died: January 30, 1948 in New Delhi, India Best known for: Organizing non-violent civil rights protests Biography: Mohandas Gandhi is one of the most famous leaders and champions for justice in the world. His principles and firm belief in non-violence have been followed by many other important civil rights leaders including Martin Luther King, Jr. and Nelson Mandela. His renown is such that he is mostly just referred to by the single name "Gandhi". Where did Mohandas Gandhi grow up? Mohandas was born in Porbandar, India on October 2, 1869. He came from an upper class family and his father was a leader in the local community. As was tradition where he grew up, Mohandas' parents arranged a marriage for him at the age of 13. Both the arranged marriage and the young age may seem strange to some of us, but it was the normal way of doing things where he grew up. Mohandas' parents wanted him to become a barrister, which is a type of lawyer. As a result, when he was 19 years old Mohandas traveled to England where he studied law at the University College London. Three years later he returned to India and started his own law practice. Unfortunately, Mohandas' law practice wasn't successful, so he took a job with an Indian Law firm and moved to South Africa to work out of the South African law office. It was in South Africa where Gandhi would experience racial prejudice against Indians and would begin his work in civil rights. What did Gandhi do? Once back in India, Gandhi led the fight for Indian independence from the British Empire. He organized several non-violent civil disobedience campaigns. During these campaigns, large groups of the Indian population would do things like refusing to work, sitting in the streets, boycotting the courts, and more. Each of these protests may seem small by themselves, but when most of the population does them at once, they can have an enormous impact. Gandhi was put in prison several times for organizing these protests. He would often fast (not eat) while he was in prison. The British government would eventually have to release him because the Indian people had grown to love Gandhi. The British were scared what would happen if they let him die. One of Gandhi's most successful protests was called the Salt March. When Britain put a tax on salt, Gandhi decided to walk 241 miles to the sea in Dandi to make his own salt. Thousands of Indians joined him in his march. Gandhi also fought for civil rights and liberties among Indian people.

How did Mohandas die? Gandhi was assassinated on January 30, 1948. He was shot by a terrorist while attending a prayer meeting.

Malcolm X Occupation: Minister, Activist Born: May 19, 1925 in Omaha, Nebraska Died: February 21, 1965 in Manhattan, New York Best known for: A leader in the Nation of Islam and his stance against racial integration Biography: Early Life Malcolm Little was born in Omaha, Nebraska on May 19, 1925. His family moved around often while he was a kid, but he spent much of his childhood in East Lansing, Michigan. Malcolm's father, Earl, was a leader in an group called the UNIA. This caused the family to be harassed by white supremacists, who once burnt down their house. When Malcolm was six, his father was found dead. While the police said the death was an accident, many thought his dad was murdered. With his father gone, Malcolm's mother was left to raise seven children on her own. To make matters worse, this happened during the Great Depression. His mother couldn’t cope, so he went to live with a foster family at the age of 13, dropped out of school altogether at the age of 15, and moved to Boston. As a young black man in the 1940s, Malcolm felt he had no real opportunities. He worked odd jobs, but also turned to a life of crime. In 1945, he was caught with stolen goods and was sent to prison. How did he get the name Malcolm X? While in prison, Malcolm's brother sent him a letter about a new religion he had joined called the Nation of Islam. The Nation of Islam believed that black people were superior to white people and that white people were evil. It also said that Islam was the true religion of black people. This made sense to Malcolm. He decided to join the Nation of Islam. He also changed his last name to "X." He said the "X" represented his real African name that was taken from him by white people. Nation of Islam After prison, Malcolm became a minister for the Nation of Islam. He worked at several temples around the country and became the leader of Temple Number 7 in Harlem. Malcolm was an impressive man, a powerful speaker, and a born leader. The Nation of Islam grew rapidly wherever he went. It wasn't long before Malcolm X was the second most influential member of the Nation of Islam after their leader, Elijah Muhammad. As the Nation of Islam grew from hundreds of members to thousands, Malcolm became more well known. He really became famous, however, when he was featured on the Mike Wallace TV documentary on black nationalism called "The Hate that Hate Produced." When the African-American Civil Rights Movement began to gain momentum in the 1960s, Malcolm was sceptical. He did not believe in the peaceful protests of Martin Luther King, Jr. Malcolm didn't want a nation where blacks and whites were integrated, he wanted a separate nation just for black people. Leaving the Nation of Islam As Malcolm's fame grew, other leaders of the Nation of Islam became jealous. Malcolm also had some concerns about the behaviour of their leader Elijah Muhammad. When President John F. Kennedy was assassinated, Malcolm was told by Elijah Muhammad not to discuss the subject in public. However, Malcolm spoke out anyway, saying that it was a case of "chickens coming home to roost." This created bad publicity for the Nation of Islam and Malcolm was ordered to remain silent for 90 days. In the end, he left the Nation of Islam. Change of Heart Malcolm may have left the Nation of Islam, but he was still a Muslim. He made a pilgrimage to Mecca where he had a change of heart over the beliefs of the Nation of Islam. Upon his return he began to work with other civil rights leaders like Martin Luther King, Jr. on ways to peacefully achieve equal rights. Assassination Malcolm had made many enemies within the Nation of Islam. Many leaders spoke out against him and said that he was "worthy of death." On February 14, 1965 his house was burned down. A few days later on February 15th as Malcolm began a speech in New York City, he was gunned down by three members of the Nation of Islam.

Martin Luther King, Jr. Born: January 15, 1929 in Atlanta, GA Died: April 4, 1968 in Memphis, TN Best known for: Advancing the Civil Rights Movement and his "I Have a Dream" speech Biography: Martin Luther King, Jr. was a civil rights activist in the 1950s and 1960s. He led non-violent protests to fight for the rights of all people including African Americans. He hoped that America and the world could become a colour-blind society where race would not impact a person's civil rights. He is considered one of the great orators of modern times, and his speeches still inspire many to this day. Where did Martin grow up? Martin Luther King, Jr. was born in Atlanta, GA on January 15, 1929. He was so smart that he skipped two grades in high school. He started his college education at Morehouse College at the young age of fifteen. After getting his degree in sociology, Martin got a divinity degree from Crozer Seminary and then got his doctor's degree in theology from Boston University. Martin's dad was a preacher which inspired Martin to pursue the ministry. He had a younger brother and an older sister. In 1953 he married Coretta Scott. Later, they would have four children including Yolanda, Martin, Dexter, and Bernice. How did he get involved in civil rights? In his first major civil rights action, Martin Luther King, Jr. led the Montgomery Bus Boycott. This started when Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white man. She was arrested and spent the night in jail. As a result, Martin helped to organize a boycott of the public transportation system in Montgomery. The boycott lasted for over a year. It was very tense at times. Martin was arrested and his house was bombed. In the end, however, Martin prevailed and segregation on the Montgomery buses came to an end. When did King give his famous "I Have a Dream" speech? In 1963, Martin Luther King, Jr. helped to organize the famous "March on Washington". Over 250,000 people attended this march in an effort to show the importance of civil rights legislation. Some of the issues the march hoped to accomplish included an end to segregation in public schools, protection from police abuse, and to get laws passed that would prevent discrimination in employment. It was at this march where Martin gave his "I Have a Dream" speech. This speech has

become one of the most famous speeches in history. The March on Washington was a great success. The Civil Rights Act was passed a year later in 1964. How did he die? Martin Luther King, Jr. was assassinated on April 4, 1968 in Memphis, TN. While standing on the balcony of his hotel, he was shot by James Earl

Quotes:

Mohandas Gandhi: Hinduism Do no harm An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth makes the whole world blind and toothless. Hate the sin, love the sinner Gentleness, self-sacrifice and generosity are the exclusive possession of no one race or religion My faith is brightest in the midst of impenetrable darkness Live as if you were to die tomorrow. Learn as if you were to live forever Whenever you are confronted with an opponent, conquer him with love. Permanent good can never be the outcome of untruth and violence

Malcolm X: Islam A man who stands for nothing will fall for anything. We are nonviolent with people who are nonviolent with us. Without education, you’re not going anywhere in this world. I believe in the brotherhood of man, all men, but I don’t believe in brotherhood with anybody who doesn’t want brotherhood with me. I believe in treating people right, but I’m not going to waste my time trying to treat somebody right who doesn’t know how to return the treatment There is nothing in our book, the Koran, that teaches us to suffer peacefully. Our religion teaches us to be intelligent. Be peaceful, be courteous, obey the law, respect everyone; but if someone puts his hand on you, send him to the cemetery. That’s a good religion. Martin Luther King: Christianity Treat Others in the way you want to be treated Love your neighbour. Love others in the way that god loves you. Darkness cannot drive out darkness; only light can do that. Hate cannot drive out hate; only love can do that. I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the colour of their skin, but by the content of their character Forgive in the same way God forgive you. love your enemies and pray for those who persecuted them Free at last, free at last, thank God Almighty, we are free at last