Ethics of Automation

David De Roure @dder

The Ethics of Automation �A dystopian view of our�evolving knowledge infrastructure

DIRECTOR, UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD E-RESEARCH CENTRE

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Christine Borgman

Engineering

Cyber

Linguis.cs

English

OxfordMar.nSchool

Saïd

ARC ITServices

ECIGeography SKA

CUDA

Physics

ComputerScience

MathsHistory

OxfordInternetIns.tute

Music

Archaeology

Classics

Zoology

Museums

Wolfson

Law

BodleianLibraries

Pharmacology

Biochemistry

TORCHDH

PaperscontainproofsReviewerscheckproofsThisisnotlikesoNware

MIREXcommunityAnnualchallenges

SharedmusiccorpusNon-consump.veAnnualconference

Sociotechnicalinfrastructure

Musicindustryisdigitalend-to-end(nearly)Moresothanresearch?DigitalMusicObjects:Crea.on,Produc.on,

Distribu.on,Consump.on,Reuse,Archiving

WhendatacannotbesharedHowdowebuildresearchquality?

Energy Efficient Computing

Infrastructure (STFC)

De-identified admin (inc. health) data

Business data

Open data (public sector)

Social media data

Research data

Longitudinal survey data

Open data

Securely held data

Environment data

Business and LG Data Research Centres

(ESRC)

Admin Data Research Centres (ESRC)

High Performance Data Environment (NERC)

Clinical data

Medical Bioinformatics (MRC) Understanding Populations (ESRC) Clinical Practice Datalink (MHRA, NIHR) 100,000 Genome Project NHS)

Research Data Facility (EPSRC) European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL) Bioscience E-Infrastructure (BBSRC) Square Kilometre Array (STFC)

Digital Transformations (AHRC)

Archive data

Open Data Institute

Com

mer

cial

R

esearch

Understanding Populations (ESRC)

https://twitter.com/CR_UK/status/446223117841494016/

Some people's smartphones had autocorrected the word "BEAT" to instead read "BEAR". "Thank you for choosing an adorable polar bear," the reply from the WWF said. "We will call you today to set up your adoption."

http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-26723457

The Macroscope

Social Media Triangle

social media data and analytics

social media for engagement with

research

social media as a subject of research

Sam McGregor

New Forms of Data ▶ Internet data, derived from social

media and other online interactions (including data gathered by connected people and devices, eg mobile devices, wearable technology, Internet of Things)

▶ Tracking data, monitoring the movement of people and objects (including GPS/geolocation data, traffic and other transport sensor data, CCTV images etc)

▶ Satellite and aerial imagery (eg Google Earth, Landsat, infrared, radar mapping etc) http://www.oecd.org/sti/sci-tech/new-data-for-

understanding-the-human-condition.htm

Vonu Thakuriah

Blackett Review of IoT

▶  The Internet of Things describes a world in which everyday objects are connected to a network so that data can be shared

▶  But it is really as much about people as the inanimate object

▶  It is impossible to anticipate all the social changes that could be created by connecting billions of devices

https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/internet-of-things-blackett-review

PETRAS Privacy, Ethics, Trust, Reliability, Acceptability, and Security for the Internet of Things

•  The fusion of the cyber, physical and human elements

•  Scale: from 1mm3 devices to large infrastructure systems

•  Managing devices throughout their (decades long) lifetimes

•  New and evolving threat landscape

•  Continue to operate when partially compromised

The Challenges are numerous

•  Safety vs Security

•  Security vs Efficiency

•  Hardening vs Adaptive Response

Tradeoffs

Emil Lupu

Morepeople

Moremachine

s DataDelugeHPC

Conven.onalComputa.on

SocialMachines

Social

NetworksScience2.0

e-Science

InternetofThings

SocialMachines

WebScience

BigData MachinelearningAI

"

http://blog.zooniverse.org/2015/06/29/a-whole-new-zooniverse/

http://monsterspedia.wikia.com/wiki/File:Argus-Panoptes.jpg

Panoptes Citizens at scale!

Citizens creating citizen science projects

Empowered

A social machine for creating social machines

Pip Willcox

UKWinter2014Floods•  39726simula.ons(~30TB

data)•  2014floodingdescribedas

a1in100yeareventintermsofrainfallvolume

•  Return.meplotshowsthishasbecomea1in80yearintermsofrisk

•  Riskofaverywetwinterhasincreasedby25%

(Schalleretal,Jan16,NCC)

David Wallom

Data Detect Store Analytics Filter Analysts

HumanDigitalPhysicalTrianglehuman

digital physical

social media

IoT

automation and scale

Edwards, P. N., et al. (2013) Knowledge Infrastructures: Intellectual Frameworks and Research Challenges. Ann Arbor: Deep Blue. http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/97552

A computationally-enabled sense-making network of expertise, data, software,

models and narratives

Big Data, in a�Big Data Centre

ResearchintheWild(West)Imagine you are a conference chair… or responsible for urban planning, or security. Confidence in results is getting harder:

What interventions should we make to improve confidence and quality? What (socio-)technology can we adopt?

Trusting the analysis that is occurring Automation of workflows,�crowd-sourced data reduction, software vulnerabilities, increasing adoption of machine learning, and no critical human in the loop

Knowing what the data is, where it has come from, and what we can do with it Multiple and partial data sources, at speed and scale, in an evolving ecosystem of data processing intermediaries, with complex permissions for data use

Breakouttopics

GroupA–LectureTheatreChair:ProfDaviddeRoure

What interventions can we make to improve the quality of research in our increasingly automated research communication ecosystem?

GroupC–HoTimSeminarRoomChair:ProfEricMeyer

Repurposed data (e.g. Twitter, Wikipedia), data exhaust (e.g. mobile phones, Loyalty cards), proprietary data, data that comes with non-sharing or non-disclosure agreements (e.g. Twitter), other sorts of commercial data, data limited in distribution because of differing national legal frameworks, etc.

What does reproducibility mean in these contexts?

GroupB–LoueySeminarRoomChair:DrSuzyMoat

Reproducibility in the social sciences: does the arrival of large online data sources make the outlook better or worse?”

David De Roure [email protected]

0000-0001-9074-3016

Thanks to Christine Borgman, Chris Lintott, Emil Lupu,�Sam McGregor, Vonu Thakuriah, David Wallom, Pip Willcox.

http://www.slideshare.net/davidderoure/ethics-of-automation-60574240