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ETHICSETHICSIN THE USEIN THE USE
OF ANIMALSOF ANIMALSIN RESEARCHIN RESEARCH
IACUC TrainingHealthmedic Research Sdn Bhd
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W hat is welfare?W hat is welfare?
1. Physical & mental health andhappiness
2. Help given to people (animal) inneed
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Animal W elfare ?Animal W elfare ?
y 5 freedoms1. Freedom from hunger & thirst2. Freedom from discomfort3. Freedom from pain, injury & diseases
4. Freedom to express normal behaviour 5. Freedom from fear & distress
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Animals in ResearchAnimals in Research
y W hat purpose?
y Animal models DiseasePhenomenon
y W ho get benefit?99% for human benefit
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E thics ?E thics ?
y A set of moral principles of acceptedbelief
what is right, what is wrongwhat is good, what is bad
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E thics in Animal Ex perimentationE thics in Animal Ex perimentation
Follow a set of moral principles when
conducting ex
periments using animals
(Concern with Animal W elfare)
Animal = a living thing ~ Human
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W hat right have we got thatW hat right have we got thatallow us to use animals forallow us to use animals forresearch?research?
y Certain biological / biomedical researchcannot do away with animalex perimentation
E .g. : In-vitro vs. In-vivo
Different outcome / result
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O ther valid alternatives ?O ther valid alternatives ?
y In-vitro studies (cell culture)y Computer simulation
If alternatives are available (and can
provide answer to the problem), animalex perimentation should not be allowed.
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Roles of Institutions in AnimalRoles of Institutions in AnimalE thicsE thics
Ensure the use of animals inresearch conforms to acceptableethical, humane & scientific
standards.
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ReplacementReplacement
y Substitution of living animals
Computer simulation / modeling
In-vitro methods (tissue or organ culture)
Video for teaching
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ReductionReductiony Decrease in number of animals to be
usedHigh quality / standardized animals(genotype, microbiological quality)x Controlled environment (nutrition, macro- &
micro-environment, cage size)x Controlled e x perimental procedure (same
techniques, same personnel all the time,competent)
x Statistics (min. number of animals are used)
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RefinementRefinementy Decreased the incidence / severity of
inhumane procedures applied to thoseanimals that still have to be used
Technique of handlingSize of material use (needle size, implant)Amount of e x perimental product givenChoice of procedure (blood collection)
Surgical careHousing and husbandaryEnvironmental enrichmentHumane endpoint (euthanasia)
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Institutional Animal Care & UseInstitutional Animal Care & Use
Committee (IACUC)Committee (IACUC)
y Tasksy Critical evaluation of:
Benefit of research vs. animal sufferingImplementation of 3 R principlesCompetency of personnel carrying out theprocedures in animals
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Rational & ConclusionRational & Conclusion
y Start with goodquality animals
y Practice ethicalprinciples
y Take care of theirwelfare & reducestress (pre, during &post procedure)
Q uality research with reproducible
results
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