ethics defined

8/14/2019 ethics defined

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A c c o u n t i n g E t h i c s

Code that guides the professionalconduct of accounts

B u s i n e s s E t h i c s

Concerned with Truth & Justice

( Expectations of Society, FairCompetition, Social Responsibilities,

Consumer Autonomy etc )


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E N G I N E E R I N GE T H I C S

Governs the conduct of Engineers

in their role as Professionals

It is a body of philosophy

indicating the ways the engineersshould conduct themselves in

their professional capacity


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E T H I C A L

D E C I S I O N S They are not JUST DECISIONS

about best way to meet a givenobjective

Concerned with Justice, Equity,Consequences & Personal

Responsibility


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NATURE OF ETHICAL PROBLEMS Rarely have a single readily

deducted solution

deal in shades of Meaning,

Uncertainty, Doubt & Complex

Relationships

Mostly not possible to deal in precise

rules and regulations, only to suggest

guidelines


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D E O N T O L O G I C A L T H E O R I E S

Deontological is the study of thenature of duty & obligations

This theory concerned with qualityof action (Ex: killing is always wrong)

Has more religious undertone

Assumes the reasonableness of

Human Beings


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CONSEQUENTIALIST THEORIES This theory sees good as defined not by

Action but by Consequences In this theory, killing another human

being may be morally good provided it

gives rise to some greater good

( Deaths caused by 1 st Atom Bomb were

morally acceptable because it can bring afaster end to war saving more lives )

Postulates that Good is known only

when the context is understood fully


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V I R T U E Good is neither found in the

act nor in the consequences

Stresses that No Rule can give

guidance

Situation shall be weighed

and dealt accordingly


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4 F U N D A M E N T A L V I R T U E S

W i s d o m( openness to the truth in all

aspects of existence. Avoids

Premature Judgement ) T e m p e r a n c e

Even Tempered ( Quality of

Moderation balance & self

control )


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F o r t i t u d e

Quality of Courage & Resilience

( Enables a person to

make better decisions & standagainst pressures & challenges )

J u s tice Requires Awareness of Right &

Wrong


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Moral : When we want to describe

Sexually Virtuous

Conduct

Ethical : Refers to professionallyVirtuous Conduct

Ethical Misdeeds call for prosecutionin Civil Court.

Moral Misdeeds land one in Criminal


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WHY STUDY ENGINEERING ETHICS? Engineering Ethics has far-reaching

impact on Society Work of Engineers can affect publichealth & safety

Can influence business practices &even politics

Many a times, ethical problemsencountered in Engineering Practice arequite complex & involve conflictingethical principles


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PERSONAL vs PROFESSIONAL

Personal Ethics deals with how

we treat others in our day-to-

day lives Professional Ethics involves

choices on an organizationallevel rather than a personal

level


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E T H I C S & L A W

Many things that are legalcould be considered as unethical

Similarly, illegal things neednot mean that they are unethical


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E T H I C S & D E S I G NP R O B L E M S

In Engineering Design, there isno unique correct answer

( Ex. Variety of cars ) Ethical problems also share this

attribute

ie. There is no unique correct

solution to most of the problems


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There will be range of solution

that are clearly right, someof which may be better than

others That is in many cases,

approaches to the problemand the ultimate solution will be

very similar


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D U T I E S & R I G H T S Duties are offered unconditionally

( duty owing to humanity )

Obligations are based upon

contractual relationships and specific Non fulfillment can lead to end of

relationship

Rights are freedom that enable

individual to fulfill human needs such as

Family Support or Education


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M O R A L I T Y A N D L A W Moral Rights argued for, on the basis of

need

Legal rights are recognised and

protected by law Both share key concepts such as Justice,

Rights, Rules & Responsibility

Morality can argue for ways in which the

law might be interpreted

But law cannot determine morality


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D E C I S I O N S Ethical Decisions concerned

with Goodness of things or

Rightness of Actions

Engineers decisions have

both Moral and Practical

Significance


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ATTRIBUTES OF A PROFESSION Requires Sophisticated Skills, use o

Judgment and Exercise of Discretion

Work shall not be routine and not

mechanized Profession requires extensive formal

education & not only practical training

Significant public good results from the

practice of profession

Has a society to set standards


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J O B vs P R O F E S S I O N Decision making marks the

difference between a Job &

Profession

Decision Making involves

D i s c r e t i o nIt is the ability to make

decisions autonomously


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P R O F E S S I O N A L ? ! ! Professional is one who has

sophisticated skills that are not capableof mechanization

Atheletes are termed as Professionals

Carpentry - Not a Professional Job( Reason out why ? )

Medical - a profession

Law - a profession

Has a society / involve public good

Hence, it is a profession


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E N G I N E E R I N G A P R O F E S S I O N ? !

Requires extensive & sophisticatedskills

Involves judgment Utilizes available resources to

attain the objective

Needs to keep the information

confidential


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CORE QUALITIES OF PROFESSIONAL PRACTITIONERS

1) I n t e g r i t y

- Openness & Honesty both with

themselves & others

2) I n d e p e n d e n c e- to be free of Secondary Interests

with others parties3) I m p a r t i a l i t y

- to be free of bias & unbalanced

interests


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4) Responsibility

- Recognition & Acceptance of Personal Commitment

5) Competence- a thorough knowledge of work

6) Discretion

- Care with communications,

- Trustworthiness


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ROLE OF ENGINEER IN A SOCIETY Saviour- Key player in the creation of

society Guardian ensuring best interests of

society

Bureaucratic Servant : Servant to managersMakes Directives to Achievements

Social Servant

Obedient Social Servant to Others Game Player : Plays political & economic

games with Institutions / Organizations

successfull


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PROFESSIONAL INSTITUTIONS R O L E Enable Professional Development of Skills

Moral Awareness, Responsibility etc Provide support & opportunity to workthrough decision making & any conflict

of interest Regulate the practice of IndividualProfessional

Play a major role in communicating withpublic

Act as a learned society contributing to

the advancement of Science & Technology

SOC A A S S & A S


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SOCIAL ATTITUDES, BELIEFS & VALUES

Managers of various Enterprises have been

criticised for not being responsive tosocial attitudes, beliefs etc.

Attitudes and values differ among workers/ Employers / Rich / Poor / Students /

Accountants

This makes it difficult for Managers to

design an environment conducive to

Performance & Satisfaction to one and all


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S O C I A L R E S P O N S I B I L I T Y

Ability of a Corporation to relate

its operations & policies to the

social environment in ways that

are mutually beneficial to thecompany & to the society

Social Responsiveness

It focusses on the actions taken &

how the enter rise res onses


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SOCIAL INVOLVEMENT IN BUSINESS F O R

It is expected that enterprise respondsto the need of society

Creation of better social environment

Better employment opportunities

Social environment discourages

additional Govt. regulations which iswelcome

Activities of an enterprise have an

impact on external environment


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B i h Additi l S i l


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Business has power. Additional Social

involvement shall further increase it

Business skills may not be pertinentto social problems

Lack of accountability of business tosociety

No complete support for involvements

in social actions

Disagreements among groups can

cause friction


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C O D E O F E T H I C SP e r s o n a l E t h i c s

Respect the Rights of others

Show fairness in our dealings with

others

Be honest in all actions

Keep promises and contracts

Consider the welfare of others

Show compassion to others

P R O F E S S I O N A L


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P R O F E S S I O N A L E T H I C S

Honesty and Truth

Honour sharing respect,

integrity and reputation for

achievement

Knowledge : gained through

Education & Experience


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PURPOSE OF CODE OF ETHICS


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PURPOSE OF CODE OF ETHICS Provides a framework for ethical

judgment Serves as a starting point for ethical

decision making Commitment shared by ethically

conscious professionals

Defines the Role & Responsibility

It is not a legal document but still

binding

ETHICS GOAL ACHIEVEMENT


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ETHICS GOAL ACHIEVEMENT Creates an environment that

morally binds

Serves as a Guide / Reminder

Protects an individual who is

pressured by a superior to behave

unethically

Indicates to the society about the

seriousness on Ethics

SOLVING ETHICAL CONFLICTS


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SOLVING ETHICAL CONFLICTS

I Internal Appeal Option

b) Individual Preparation

c) Communicate with yourimmediate supervisor

c) Initiate appeal through the

Internal chain of command


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II External Appeal Option

a) Individual Actions

b) Contact your Client

c) Contact the Media

E T H I C A L J U D G M E N T


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E T H I C A L J U D G M E N TEngineering is a profession that is critical

to the advancement of society How Engineers perform their job

determines the kind of world, futuregeneration expected to enjoy

Ethics is important therefore in

Statutory Law

Contract

Product Liability etc


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Legal - illegal

: Well Defined

Ethical - Unethical

ethics defined

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