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Chapter 1 Ethical TheoryProvides a system of rules or principles
as a guide in making decisions about what is right/wrong and
good/bad in a specific situation
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Ethical TheoryDeontologist(Duty)
Teleological (End Result) Concept Of Virtue(Moral
Excellence)
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MOTIVATION MATTERS.
Some acts are inherently good. Others are inherently bad.The
consequences of the act are irrelevant. Example: Charity is a moral
act. Giving money to a poor person is morally correct.If the poor
person buys drugs with the money, the original act of charity is
still moral.
Deontological Ethical Systems
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DeontologyAddresses the study of duty.Immanuel KantThe key to
morality is human will or intention, rather than consequences.
Deontologists have contended that sometimes humans have duties
to perform, regardless of the consequences.
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Possible Resolution is the Utilitarian Kantian Principle: An
action ought to be done only if:doing the action treats as few
people as possible as merely the means and as many people as
possible as the end, and doing the action provides the most overall
happiness possible.Justice, Crime & Ethics, 5th ed., Copyright
2005 LexisNexis Anderson Publishing
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RESULTS MATTER.
An act is good or bad depending on the results it brings
about.The consequences of the act are what is judged. Example: An
act of charity might not be moral. If drug abuse is an immoral
consequence, and an act of charity supports drug abuse,the act of
charity could be considered immoral.
Teleological Ethical Systems
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(A teleological systemthe consequences are judged.) One of its
founders was John Stuart.
An actions morality depends on how much it contributes to the
overall good of society.
They seek to maximize pleasure and avoid pain.
An ethical system should be consistent with this.
Utilitarianism (I)
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If an act benefits many people and causes pain to a few, it is
still good because
the greatest good for the greatest number
is more important than the pain of the smaller number.
We judge the morality of an action in terms of the consequences
or results of that action.
Utilitarianism (II)
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Distributive JusticeTheory was proposed by John Rawals
It is based on concept of fairness i.e. distribute the benefits
equally
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First taught by the Greek philosopher Aristotle :
The Purpose the thing is important. A thing is good when it
perform its purpose and gives result.
The Ethics of Virtue(Moral Excellence)
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Vedantic Ethics:- Showing respect to eldersGod fear in all walk
of lifePojja must be in any functionMarriages are made in even and
it is life bound.
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Indian Ethical ThinkersDharama:- RightnessArtha:- Creation Of
WealthKarma:- Desires & NeedsMoksha:- Spiritual World
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Hybrid TheoryMixed Or CombinedKarl Marx(Founder of modern
Socialism & Communism)N. Machiavelli (He proposed how Prince or
Rulers should behave)
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Ethical Theories
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Ethical TheoriesFocus on the actions of the leader and his/her
moral obligations and responsibilities to do the right
thingDeontologicalTheories TeleologicalTheoriesAttempt to answer
questions about right and wrong by focusing on whether an
individuals conduct will produce desirable consequencesEthical
egoism - An individual should act so as to create the greatest good
for herself/himself Utilitarianism - An individual should behave so
as to create the greatest good for the greatest number Altruism -
An individual should act in the interest of others even when it
runs contrary to his/her own interestsApproach ethics from the
viewpoint of a leaders character; virtues are rooted in the heart
and disposition of the individualVirtue-BasedTheoriesCharacter
DomainConduct Domain
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