REMEMBERING FOR THE FUTURE: THE HOLOCAUST IN AN AGE OF GENOCIDE volume one: history Contents, Volumes 1–3 ix List of Articles, by Contributor xxiii Preface xxxv Introduction xxxvii Opening Addresses 1 Genocide 19 The Ghettos and the Camps 153 Destruction and Resistance 353 The Perpetrators 611 Denial 767 volume two: ethics and religion Plenary Addresses 1 Ethical Choices 17 Rescue 215 The Catholic Church 379 The Protestant Churches 531 Post-Holocaust Theology 651 The Search for Justice 843 volume three: memory Plenary Addresses 1 Survivors 13 The Ethics of Memory 229 Education 513 The Arts 675 Contributors 871 Index 913 [ vii ]
Welcome message from author
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
REMEMBERING FOR THE FUTURE:
THE HOLOCAUST IN AN AGE OF GENOCIDE
v o l u m e o n e : h i s t o r y
Contents, Volumes 1±3 ix
List of Articles, by Contributor xxiii
Preface xxxv
Introduction xxxvii
Opening Addresses 1
Genocide 19
The Ghettos and the Camps 153
Destruction and Resistance 353
The Perpetrators 611
Denial 767
v o l u m e t w o : e t h i c s a n d r e l i g i o n
Plenary Addresses 1
Ethical Choices 17
Rescue 215
The Catholic Church 379
The Protestant Churches 531
Post-Holocaust Theology 651
The Search for Justice 843
v o l u m e t h r e e : m e m o r y
Plenary Addresses 1
Survivors 13
The Ethics of Memory 229
Education 513
The Arts 675
Contributors 871
Index 913
, J
[ vii ]
CONTENTS
v o l u m e o n e : h i s t o r y
PrefaceElisabeth Maxwell xxxv
IntroductionJohn K. Roth xxxvii
o p e n i n g a d d r e s s e s
Colin Lucas 3
Martin Gilbert 5
Elie Wiesel 8
Eberhard JaÈckel 12
Samuel Pisar 15
g e n o c i d e
Plenary Addresses
Yehuda Bauer 21
Ian Kershaw 25
Rivalry, Indifference or Solidarity? Jews and `Other Victims' in Studies ofthe Holocaust and Comparative Genocide
Doris L. Bergen 29
Remembering for the Present: Using the Holocaust to MisunderstandGenocide and to Segregate the `Final Solution of the Jewish Question'
Helen Fein 43
Remembering for the Future: Engaging with the PresentMark Levene 55
Switzerland as a `Bystander' of History? On Neutrality in a Time ofGlobal Crises and Genocidal Wars
Jacques Picard 71
Genocides: Normative Comparative StudiesThomas W. Simon 90
In the Age of Genocide: Race and Nation under Nazi and Soviet PowerEric D. Weitz 113
Changing Attitudes to the `European-ness' of the Holocaust and of its VictimsGeorge Wilkes 130
, J
[ ix ]
t h e g h e t t o s a n d t h e c a m p s
The Minsk Ghetto, 1941±1944Gennady Barkun 155
Jewish Slave Labour and its Relationship to the `Final Solution'Donald Bloxham 163
Testimonies from the Aryan Side: `Jewish Catholics' in the Warsaw GhettoGrace Caporino and Diane Isaacs 187
The Implications of Archival Discoveries: Changing the Shape of theGhetto, Budapest 1944
Tim Cole 198
Voices from a Beleagured Society: Diaries and Memoirs from theJewish Ghettos during the Second World War
Gustavo Corni 211
Jewish Mothers and their Children during the Holocaust: ChangingTasks of the Motherly Role
Miriam Gillis-Carlebach 230
Food Talk: Gendered Responses to Hunger in the Concentration CampsMyrna Goldenberg 248
University Over An Abyss: The Story Behind the Theresienstadt LecturesElena Makarova and Sergei Makarov 258
Courage in the Face of Death: Nurses' and Physicians' Involvement inthe Resistance
Cheyenne Martin and Susan Bakewell-Sachs 279
The Education of Jewish Children in Warsaw during the Nazi OccupationDalia Ofer 289
Evading the Holocaust: The Unexplored Continent of Holocaust HistoriographyGunnar S. Paulsson 302
Ethical Problems Encountered by Auschwitz Prisoner DoctorsClaude Romney 319
Religion and Religious Institutions in the Lodz GhettoMichal Unger 335
d e s t r u c t i o n a n d r e s i s t a n c e
Stalin and the Soviet Leadership: Responses to the HolocaustYitshak Arad 355
The Quadruple Trap of European Jews, as Reflected in New Archival SourcesShlomo Aronson 371
Common Ground and Holy Ground: Prayers of the HolocaustJanet Blair 389
, J
x Volume One: History
The Destruction of a Cultural Tradition in Germany: Organs and Organ Musicin the Synagogue
Tina FruÈhauf 410
The Suffering of the Righteous according to Shlomo Zalman Unsdorferof Bratislava, 1939±1944
Gershon Greenberg 422
Race Against Time: The Endeavours of Dr Gyorgy Gergely, Hungary 1940±45T.D. Kramer 439
The Bulgarian Gypsies during World War IIElena Marushiakova and Vesselin Popov 456
Letters to Mussolini: Italian Jews and the Racial LawsIael Orvieto 466
The Assault on the Holy within the Human: The Account of the HolocaustDiaries
David Patterson 481
From Marginalization to Martyrdom: The Nazi Persecution of Jehovah'sWitnesses
James N. Pellechia and Jolene Chu 495
Yugoslav Jews Fleeing the Holocaust, 1941±1945Milan Ristovic 512
A Reassessment of the Dutch Record during the HolocaustSuzanne D. Rutland 527
Witness in Spite of Himself: Victor Klemperer's Diaries of 20th-centuryGermanies
Nathan Stoltzfus 543
Reflections on Resistance and GenderNechama Tec 552
The Pogrom (Farhud ) against the Jews of Baghdad in 1941: Jewish andArab Approaches
Daphne Tsimhoni 570
Masks for Survival: Experiences of Jews Who Lived on False Papers duringthe Holocaust
Lenore Weitzman 589
t h e p e r p e t r a t o r s
The Holocaust and Political CorruptionFrank Bajohr 613
The Intellectual and Genocide: Sven Hedin (1865±1952), a Swedish Apologistfor the Third Reich
Sarah Danielsson 630
, J
Contents, Volumes 1±3 xi
A Race-based German Faith: The `Churchless' and the Nazi Searchfor Justification, 1933±38
Niles R. Holt 645
Research for Autarky: The Contribution of Scientists to Nazi Rule in GermanySusanne Heim 657
Between Memory and Lapse of Memory: The First UGIF Board of DirectorsMichel Laffitte 674
Reinhard's Foot-Soldiers: Soviet-era Trials as SourcesDavid Alan Rich 688
Gathering Evidence, Apprehending and Prosecuting Perpetrators of GenocidalCrimes
Alti Rodal 702
`Extermination/Ausrottung': Meanings, Ambiguities and Deceptions in GermanAntisemitism and the Holocaust, 1800±1945
Paul Lawrence Rose 726
MuÈnch, or the Paradox of the `Good' SS DoctorYves Ternon 751
d e n i a l
Perspectives from a British Courtroom: My Struggle with Deception, Lies andDavid Irving
Deborah Lipstadt (plenary) 769
Historians and Holocaust Denial in the CourtroomChristopher Browning (plenary) 773
America, the Holocaust, and the Experience of Radical EvilDavid H. Hirsch 779
Denial: The Armenian Genocide as a PrototypeRichard G. Hovannisian 796
Revisionism in Post-Communist Romanian Political Culture:Attempts to Rehabilitate the Perpetrators of the Holocaust
Radu Ioanid 813
Legal Constraints on the New Anti-Semitism: the Canadian ExperienceTom Kuttner 832
Disinformation and Antisemitism: Holocaust Denial in theBaltic States, 1945±1999
Dov Levin 847
A Past That Must Not Go Away: Holocaust Denial in South AfricaMilton Shain and Andrew Lamprecht 858
, J
xii Volume One: History
Holocaust Denial: The Spectre of Irrationalism at the MillenniumShelly Z. Shapiro and Susan Lee Pentlin 870
`Aryans' and `Khazars': Anti-Semitic Propaganda in Contemporary RussiaVictor A. Shnirelman 884
Antisemitic Writings of the Arrow-Cross EmigrationTamas Stark 897
`The Internet is our Sword': Aspects of Online AntisemitismMark Weitzman 911
v o l u m e t w o : e t h i c s a n d r e l i g i o n
p l e n a r y a d d r e s s e s
Interfaith DialogueA Message from His Eminence Professor Dr DamaskinosPapandreou, Metropolitan of Switzerland 3
Quo Vadis Humanity?John Pawlikowski 6
Religion and The Uniqueness of the HolocaustRichard L. Rubenstein 11
e t h i c a l c h o i c e s
The Mask of Administrative Evil: Remembering the Past, Forgetting the PresentGuy B. Adams and Danny L. Balfour 19
Gemilat Chesed and Moral Behaviour at Westerbork: Lessons from thePast to Remember for the Future
Ellen Ben-Sefer 36
Humanitarian Concern versus Zyklon BFlorent Brayard 54
Tikkun Olam and Christian Ethics after the HolocaustRobert Everett 66
Ethics without Choice: Lessons Learned from Rescuers and PerpetratorsDarrell J. Fasching 81
Conscience, conscience, consciousness: Emmanuel Levinas, the Holocaust, andthe Logic of Witness
Sandor Goodhart 98
Post-Holocaust Ethics: The Morality of the Use of PowerLeonard Grob 114
, J
Contents, Volumes 1±3 xiii
Reflections on `Ethics', `Morality' and `Responsibility' after the HolocaustHerbert Hirsch 123
Ethics, Human Genetics and the HolocaustHans-Peter KroÈner 133
Human Responsibility: Contemporary Reflections in Light of Nazi IdeologyJohn T. Pawlikowski 146
German-Jewish Philosophers Facing the ShoahJulius Simon 162
Christianity, the Other and the HolocaustMichael R. Steele 180
The Shift Towards Death: A Comparison of the Nazi Euthanasia Programmeand Contemporary Debates on Euthanasia and Physician-Assisted Suicide
Amy Zaro 198
r e s c u e
Perpetrator/Rescuer: The Two Key FactorsDavid Blumenthal 217
Six from Leipzig: Kindertransport and the Cambridge Refugee Children'sCommittee
Gertrude W. Dubrovsky 230
Social Dimensions of Rescue in the HolocaustMary J. Gallant 254
Motivation in Holocaust Rescue: The Case of Jan Zwartendijk inLithuania, 1940
Jonathan Goldstein 271
Jewish Refugee Children in Switzerland, 1939±50Sara Kadosh 281
An Ethics of Rescue for the Future: Aristotelian and Levinasian PerspectivesSteven Kepnes 298
Very Religious and Irreligious Rescuers: An Exploration of Cultural StylesPearl M. Oliner, Jeanne Wielgus and Mary B. Gruber 309
Heroic Altruism: Heroic and Moral Behaviour in a Variety of SettingsSamuel P. Oliner 319
The Face of the Other: Reflections on the Motivations of GentileRescuers of Jews
Mordecai Paldiel 334
Varian Fry in MarseillePierre Sauvage 347
, J
xiv Volume Two: Ethics and Religion
t h e c a t h o l i c c h u r c h
An Ethic and Moral Formation that are Repentant: Catholicism's EmergingPost-Shoah Tradition ± The Case of the Jesuits
James Bernauer, S.J. 381
Two Popes and the HolocaustFrank J. Coppa 396
Mea Culpa and the Magisterium: Wir erinnern and the Problems of ConfessionMark R. Lindsay 413
A Survey of Jewish Reaction to the Vatican Statement on the HolocaustKevin Madigan 425
Addressing the Demonic in Sacred Texts: the Next Step in Catholic±JewishRelations after the Holocaust
Ronald Modras 437
The Vatican Statement on the Shoah and the Vatican during World War IIRichard L. Rubenstein 455
The Attitude of the Russian Orthodox Church and the Ukrainian GreekCatholic Church towards the Holocaust
Mikhail Shkarovski 481
To Serve God or Hitler: Nazi Priests, A Preliminary DiscussionKevin Spicer 493
Differing Ways of Reading, Differing Views of the Law: The CatholicChurch and its Treatment of the Jewish Question during Vichy
Richard H. Weisberg 509
t h e p r o t e s t a n t c h u r c h e s
How are the Protestant Churches Responding Fifty Years After?Alice L. Eckardt (plenary) 533
The Impact of the Holocaust on the Church of EnglandMarcus Braybrooke 544
The United Church of Canada and the State of Israel: The Impactof the Holocaust
Haim Genizi 561
James Parkes and the HolocaustTony Kushner 575
On the Jews and the Lutherans: the ELCA Confronts HistoryRochelle L. Millen 587
, J
Contents, Volumes 1±3 xv
Once More: Martin Luther and the JewsAndreas Pangritz 603
A Parting at the Cross: The Contrasting National Cultures of Lutheranism inGermany and Denmark during the Holocaust
Leon Stein 618
Stewart W. Herman, Pastor of the American Church in Berlin 1935±42,and Hitler's Persecution of the Jews
Ronald Webster 635
p o s t - h o l o c a u s t t h e o l o g y
Theory, Past, Present and FutureEdward Kessler (plenary) 653
Future Directions for Christian Theology and Ethics after the HolocaustKatharina von Kellenbach (plenary) 656
Post-Auschwitz Jewish±Catholic DialogueAlan L. Berger 661
Christianity and the Institutionalization of Anti-Semitism: A ContemporaryTheological Perspective
Donald J. Dietrich 673
Reading the Bible after AuschwitzJacques B. Doukhan 683
Our Failure to React: Method in Christian Moral Theology afterthe Holocaust
Mark E. Gammon 700
The Shoah and the Christian Drama of the RedemptionMassimo Giuliani 710
Christian Discourses of Forgiveness and the PerpetratorsKatharina von Kellenbach 725
A Theology of Jewish±Christian Dialogue for the 21st CenturyEdward Kessler 732
Facing the Whirlwind Anew: Looking over Job's Shoulders from the Shadowsof the Storm
Henry F. Knight 745
Of Fire and Water: Holocaust Testimony, Biblical Texts, and German`After Auschwitz' Theology
BjoÈrn Krondorfer 760
Jews and Christians after Auschwitz: Reflections from a Political-TheologicalPerspective
JuÈrgen Manemann 775
, J
xvi Volume Two: Ethics and Religion
John 8:31±59 from a Jewish PerspectiveAdele Reinhartz 787
Turning and Wandering: The Journey from Death to Life at Nes AmmimKathleen J. Rusnak 798
Christian Doctrine and the `Final Solution': The State of the QuestionMarc Saperstein 814
t h e s e a r c h f o r j u s t i c e
Holocaust Restitution in the United States: The Search for JusticeMichael Bazyler 845
The Holocaust Goes to Court: A View from the Canadian CaertramRuth Bettina Birn 860
The Recent Holocaust-Era Assets Debate ± and Beyond: A Swiss PerspectiveThomas Borer-Fielding and Hanspeter Mock 876
The Machinery of Nazi Art Looting: The Nazi Law on the Confiscation ofCultural Property in Poland
Wojciech W. Kowalski 882
Holocaust-era Art in German and Czech Public CollectionsEva Kurz 895
Swiss Victims of National Socialism: An Example of how Switzerland Came toTerms with the Past
Regula Ludi and Anton-Andreas Speck 907
The Struggle for Justice: A Survey of Child Holocaust Survivors' Experienceswith Restitution
Sarah Moskovitz and Robert Krell 923
The Second Persecution: Legal Discourse and the Construction of Historyin Switzerland
Daniel Wildmann 938
The Return of Nazi-looted Art: Choice of Law IssuesGeri J. Yonover 952
v o l u m e t h r e e : m e m o r y
p l e n a r y a d d r e s s e s
Survivors' Gathering AddressChief Rabbi Meier Lau 3
La Grande Rafle du Vel d'Hiv: The Deportation of the French JewsSamuel Pisar 5
, J
Contents, Volumes 1±3 xvii
Closing AddressFranklin D. Littell 8
Closing AddressHubert G. Locke 10
s u r v i v o r s
Complicating the Holocaust: Who is a Victim? What is a Holocaust Memoir?Elizabeth R. Baer 15
Archival Material as a Source in Uncovering the Identity of Holocaust SurvivorsLea Balint 24
`Greener' and `Gayler': Relations between Holocaust Survivors and CanadianJews
Franklin Bialystok 32
Surviving Well: Resistance to AdversityKerry Bluglass 47
International Responses to TraumaYael Danieli 63
Intergenerational Memories: Hidden Children and the Second GenerationEllen S. Fine 78
Exploding Psychological Myths about Generations of the Holocaust in Israeland North America
Eva Fogelman 93
`An Immediate and Violent Impulse': Holocaust Survivor Testimony in theFirst Years after Liberation
Henry Greenspan 108
Memories of Silence: Trauma Transmission in Holocaust-survivor FamiliesGeorge Halasz 117
Holocaust Survivor Testimony: The Psychological ImplicationsAaron Hass 127
Welcome in Amsterdam? Return and Reception of Survivors: New Research andFindings
Dienke Hondius 135
Sephardic and Oriental Oral Testimonies: Their Importance for HolocaustCommemoration and Memory
Yitzchak Kerem 142
Expressing Childhood Experience: A Writing Workshop, 1994±99Ehud Herbert Loeb 150
Published Memoirs of Holocaust SurvivorsRobert Rozett 167
, J
xviii Volume Three: Memory
RavensbruÈck Concentration Camp and Rescue in SwedenRochelle G. Saidel 172
Framing the Witness: The Memorial Role of Holocaust VideotestimoniesOren Baruch Stier 189
Memories of Mikhailowka: Labour Camp Testimonies in theArnold Daghani Archive
Edward Timms 205
t h e e t h i c s o f m e m o r y
Memory, Representation and EducationDavid Cesarani (plenary) 231
Holocaust Memory, Representation and Education: The Challenges ofApplied Research
Jonathan Webber (plenary) 237
Antisemitism in America Today: Lessons for the Post-Holocaust EraJerome A. Chanes 248
The Next Fifty Years: Remembering the Holocaust and the Future of JewishLife at the Dawn of the 21st Century
Marc H. Ellis 266
German Identity, the Holocaust and the Year 2000Albert H. Friedlander 283
Internationalism, Patriotism and Disillusion: Soviet Jewish Veterans RememberWorld War II and the Holocaust
Zvi Gitelman 296
The Americanization of the HolocaustHarold Kaplan 309
Auschwitz at the Threshold of the New MillenniumStanislaw Krajewski 322
Documentation or Decoration? Uses and Misuses of Photographs in theHistoriography of the Holocaust
Bryan F. Lewis 341
The Holocaust as HistoryDan Michman 358
Concentration Camp Memorials in Eastern Germany since 1989Gunter Morsch 367
The Holocaust as Sacred Text: Can the Memory of the Holocaust be Tamedand Regularized?
Marvin Prosono 383
, J
Contents, Volumes 1±3 xix
How is the Holocaust Best Remembered? Reflections on History, Religion andMorality after the Holocaust
John K. Roth 395
The Importance of Asking the Right Questions: The Significance ofDaniel Jonah Goldhagen for Children of Nazi Families
H. Martin Rumscheidt 410
Public Memory, Public Repentance: Germany, South Africa and theUnited States
Donald W. Shriver, Jr. 420
The Trajectory of Memory: Holocaust Survivor Testimony and theFuture of Remembrance
Stephen Smith 437
Anne Frank and the American Culture War: The Sexual Politics ofHolocaust Memory
Arlene Stein 452
Bordering on the Visible: Spatial Imagery in Swiss Memory DiscourseCaroline Wiedmer 466
`Shadows of a Distant Nightmare': Visualizing the Unimaginable Holocaust inEarly Documentary Films
Larry D. Wilcox 478
`A War Against Memory?': Nativizing the HolocaustIsabel Wollaston 501
e d u c a t i o n
Holocaust Education: Teaching and LearningDeirdre M. Burke (plenary) 515
Directions in Holocaust Education in the 21st CenturyShulamit Imber (plenary) 520
Caring and Responsibility: Building a Moral Community for the 21st CenturyMarcia Sachs Littell (plenary) 522
What is in the Way? Teaching about the Holocaust in post-1989 PolandJolanta J. Ambrosewicz and Chunlou Yung 525
Holocaust Testimony and the Holocaust Witness: The Educational ContextNeima Barzel 545
Teaching the Holocaust: The American Academic SettingRachel Feldhay Brenner 562
Holocaust Education: Issues of Pedagogy and ContentDeirdre M. Burke 578
, J
xx Volume Three: Memory
`Your Story Too?' The New Holocaust Exhibition at the Imperial War MuseumSteven Cooke 590
Learning from History: Seminars on the Nazi Era and the Holocaust forProfessionals
Annegret Ehmann 607
University Holocaust Education: Toward a Distinctive PedagogyStephen R. Haynes 617
KL Auschwitz in the Social Consciousness of Poles, AD 2000Marek Kucia 632
Generational Cohorts and the Shaping of Popular Attitudes towardsthe Holocaust
Harold Marcuse 652
The Documentation and Cultural Centre of German Sinti and RomaRomani Rose 664
t h e a r t s
In WitnessMicheal O'Siadhail 677
The Commemorative ConcertsGeorge Whyte and Sarah Nathan-Davis 680
The Muted Memory: The Reception of The Diary of Anne Frank in PolandMonika Adamczyk-Garbowska 684
The Holocaust in Film: The Enigma of Indifference: Christian Ideologyand the Portrayal of the Jew
Nancy Thomas Brown 691
Silent Inscriptions of the Holocaust in American Literature: The Geneticsof Jewish Self-Definition
Emily Miller Budick 704
Pushing the Limits of Artistic Representation: Inciting Memory andDiscourse ± The Only Way to Go?
Stephen C. Feinstein 718
Women Survivors in Cinema: The Issue of MadnessEsther Fuchs 739
Gender and the Holocaust: Women's Holocaust WritingS. Lillian Kremer 751
Playing the HolocaustRuth Liberman 769
, J
Contents, Volumes 1±3 xxi
Identity and Emptiness: Reflections on Horst Hoheisel's Negative Memory andYearning for Sacrifice
Hanno Loewy 779
Under-readings: An Introduction to the Poetry of Irena KlepfiszJoan Michelson 787
Music of the HolocaustSarah Nathan-Davis 804
Struggles to Comprehend the Catastrophe and Survive: A Comparative Studyof the Armenian and the Jewish Literary
Responses to CatastropheRubina Peroomian 814
The Fine Art of RemembranceBetty Rogers Rubenstein 831
The Truths of Poetry: A DialogueHilda Schiff 841
Obliquely Shown Crimes: Christian Boltanski's Post-Holocaust ArtCarla Rose Shapiro 854
Contributors 871
Index 913
, J
xxii Volume Three: Memory
INTRODUCTION
WHAT DOES THIS BOOK HAVE TO SAY?
John K. Roth
It happened, therefore it can happen again: this is the core of what we have to say.
ÐPrimo Levi, The Drowned and the Saved
On thursday 20 July 2000, my essay `How Is the Holocaust Best Remem-bered?' was one of several under discussion during a three-hour seminar inRemembering for the Future, the week-long conference convened in
Oxford, England, to consider `The Holocaust in an Age of Genocide'. Focused on thetopic `Memory, Museums, and Memorials', that Thursday session took place in theLecture Theatre of the Oxford University Museum, which houses natural historyexhibits.
During the seminar's mid-morning break, a display near the Lecture Theatre caughtmy eye. It dealt with controversy about evolution that had erupted in Oxford soon afterCharles Darwin's 1859 publication of The Origin of Species. The biologist and philoso-pher Thomas Henry Huxley, who championed evolutionary theory, played a central partin those acrimonious debates. Once ± on 13 April 1861, as the museum's exhibit told thestory ± Huxley responded tartly to an unrelenting critic. `Life', he said, `is too short tooccupy oneself with the slaying of the slain more than once.'
Amusing as one looks back on its 19th-century setting, Huxley's sarcasm neverthelessstruck me as a jarring contradiction to Remembering for the Future's 21st-centuryinsistence that the slain, especially those murdered by genocidal regimes, must occupymemory repeatedly, for Primo Levi, that superbly eloquent Auschwitz survivor, spokethe truth when he observed that `it happened, therefore it can happen again.' Its locationwell off the beaten path, Huxley's `life is too short' is scarcely a proposition prominentlydisplayed in the Oxford museum. During the summer of the year 2000, relativelyfew people probably noticed it at all. If any of them, however, had been among thetens of thousands who crowded the newly opened Holocaust exhibit at London'sImperial War Museum, they might have pondered Huxley's comment with moodsakin to mine.
Although in ways he may never have intended, Huxley's sentiment remains widelyheld. Many people, perhaps even most, do find life too short to spend time rememberingthe slain even once. Too many other things are more pressing and pleasing. That is not,
, J
[ xxxvii ]
however, the whole story now, nor must it ever be in the future. For instance, as the 21stcentury began, interest in the Holocaust was at an all-time high. Remembering for theFuture 2000 and the publication of this three-volume work testify to that. So does theHolocaust exhibit at the Imperial War Museum.
Among that exhibit's gripping parts, one at its centre invites special reflection.Entitled `The Final Solution', it is a three-walled room containing nothing more thanan organizational chart, a very large one, designed by the historian Steve Paulsson.Mapping offices, the chart names the people who headed and staffed them. WithAdolf Hitler and deputies such as Heinrich Himmler and Reinhard Heydrich at thetop, it shows who reported to whom. Not even Holocaust scholars are likely to befamiliar with all of the names, but each one identifies a particular person who madegenocide happen. So complex as to be labyrinthine, the museum's managerial diagramdeals with the SS, the railroad bureaucracy, the governance of Nazi-occupied Europeanterritories, the administration of concentration camps and killing centres, and a host ofother ingredients in what the Holocaust scholars Guy Adams and Danny Balfour haveaptly called `administrative evil'. Neither the Holocaust nor any genocide can be reducedto wall charts, but without an organized process of destruction that involves manypeople, much expertise, and dedicated commitment neither the Holocaust nor anyother genocide could happen.
The recorded voices of Holocaust survivors can be heard as one moves toward,through, and beyond the three-walled room that details who implemented, again andagain, the slaying of the slain. The messages communicated by those voices are grim, butone is thankful for them, even though they provoke devastating questions: What wouldthe Holocaust exhibit at the Imperial War Museum be like if there were no survivorvoices? What might the future be like if we fail to occupy ourselves with the slaying ofthe slain more than once?
Far from Oxford and London, a day stops when the sirens scream. Minutes later anIsraeli morning goes on as usual, but not entirely. It is Yom Hashoah, the spring day thatcommemorates the Holocaust. The Knesset, Israel's parliament, first established thatannual remembrance in 1951, but observances are held in many countries now. Remem-bering for the Future 2000 took place only a few weeks after Yom Hashoah wascommemorated for the first time in a new century. A few weeks after that commemora-tion was held for a second time in the 21st century, this work appeared. So it is worthremembering that the scream of the Israeli sirens is a warning that produces awesomesilence.
The sirens and the silence belong together, but sometimes silence says the most. PopeJohn Paul II showed as much during his late March 2000 visit to Israel. At Yad Vashem,Israel's memorial to the Holocaust, the pope's humble silence conveyed heartfelt griefand repentance for Christianity's anti-Jewish traditions, which assisted the persecutionand murder of nearly six million Jews by Nazi Germany and its collaborators.
Hours before he departed Jerusalem for Rome, the pope's silence again spoke volumeswhen he went to Judaism's most holy site, the sacred Western Wall, which is all thatremains of the Second Temple destroyed by the Romans in the year 70. The popefollowed ancient tradition by quietly placing a written prayer in one of the Wall's crackedstones. Importantly, that prayer asked God's `forgiveness for Jewish suffering caused byChristians'. Perhaps even more than those words, the pope's silent presence spokepowerfully as he stood at that place and touched the Wall with humility.
Sometimes silence says the most, but it can do so in the most profound ways onlywhen silence has been broken so that people know what took place in dark times. The
, J
xxxviii Introduction
biblical book of Ecclesiastes makes the point. `For everything there is a season,' it says, `atime to keep silence, and a time to speak.' As the Israeli sirens warn, knowledge about theHolocaust cannot be taken for granted. The same is true of other genocides as well. Onlysound education about the Holocaust and genocide creates awareness that gives meaningto the contrast between a siren's scream and the silence that surrounds it. Such educationmust be ongoing, for wisdom does not accumulate automatically, and learning is not amatter of evolutionary progress. Indifference persists, prejudice and hatred remain, andignorance endures. No place on earth guarantees safety from the devastation that suchforces can unleash.
Sound education about the Holocaust and genocide takes time and resources. Itrequires, for example, teachers who are not only dedicated but also supported and welltrained. Sound education about the Holocaust and genocide also requires the finestresearch that scholarship can muster. In addition, both education and scholarship needpublications that reflect and extend the best work that is being done. Without thesediverse but complementary approaches to show that particular people, not fundamentallydifferent from us, were genocide's perpetrators or victims, bystanders or rescuers, noHolocaust-related siren or silence can have the significance it deserves.
These volumes present some of the best work that Holocaust and genocide scholars areproducing as a new century begins. The volumes address history, ethics and religion, andmemory, respectively. They do not provide a comprehensive history of the Holocaustand genocide. Nor do they advance a unified view of post-Holocaust reflection aboutmorality and theology any more than they contain an agreed-upon interpretation ofmemory and the issues it raises where the Holocaust and genocide are concerned. Insteadthe book displays a variety of methods in practice and an array of works in progress ± thisis its purpose and value. In style and substance, approach and accomplishment, itscontents reveal that Holocaust and genocide studies form a field in the making.
Building on work that has been under way for several decades, the scholars who sharetheir work in these pages engage in tasks of synthesizing and ground breaking all at once.The book's thematic organization shows the location of common scholarly ground. Thevariety of topics reveals the vast terrain scholars must survey and the new detail theymust particularize. Those tasks require not only disciplinary expertise but also perspec-tives that are interdisciplinary, interfaith and international.
Thanks to the inspiration of Elisabeth Maxwell, whose leadership also made the 2000conference possible, the first Remembering for the Future conference met at Oxford in1988. Publication of a three-volume conference proceedings followed. This time, withthe superb editorial guidance of Margot Levy and Wendy Whitworth, more sifting andsorting took place. Instead of working papers, the give-and-take among the authors,referees, and editors produced better polished writing that illustrates significant changesin Holocaust and genocide studies between 1988 and 2000. Comparing the two multi-volume works, the earlier one emphasized the impact of the Holocaust and genocide onreligion±Christianity and Judaism and Jewish-Christian relations in particular. Consider-able attention was also paid to those who rescued Jews during the Holocaust and toeducation about the Holocaust and genocide. In addition, numerous essays concentratedon survivors, and Holocaust literature attracted notable interest as well. Those topicscontinued to find expression in 2000, but in 1988 relatively little attention was devoted togender-related research, issues about reparations and restitution, court cases involvingHolocaust denial, dilemmas about museums, memorialization, and memory, or newarchival discoveries. All of these were among the focal points in 2000.
, J
What Does This Book Have to Say? xxxix
By 2000, of course, the world was different than it had been twelve years earlier. In the1990s, for example, the ending of the Cold War opened eastern Europe's Holocaust-related sites and archives to more thorough scholarly investigation. A growing generationof younger German historians advanced understanding of Nazi policies in EasternEurope. Interest grew in the parts women played in the Holocaust. New Holocaustmuseums opened; the interpretation at Holocaust sites was contested in substantial ways.The internet's influence, virtually unknown in 1988, affected politics, scholarshipand education ± not least, as Mark Weitzman's conference paper points out, becauseantisemites and deniers of the Holocaust and genocide could use it, too. Especiallysignificant, the upsurge of ethnic cleansing in the Balkans and genocide in Rwanda, aswell as renewed interest in the Armenian genocide that preceded the Holocaust from1915 to 1923, all led to the realization that the 20th century had indeed been an age ofgenocide. That concern was articulated more fully in 2000 than it had been at Remem-bering for the Future in 1988.
The Remembering for the Future 2000 theme, `The Holocaust in an Age of Geno-cide', still focused major attention on events that took place from 1933 to 1945. Thus,there is considerable continuity between the two volumes, for that same historicalemphasis was evident in 1988. Arguably, however, the most marked difference betweenthe two publications is that the second deepens the emphasis on historical detail andinterpretation. As Holocaust and genocide studies progress, the work reflects the insightoffered by the organizational chart in that three-walled room at the Imperial WarMuseum. Increasingly, it seems, we discover that the implications and lessons of theHolocaust, the concerns about preventing or checking genocide in the future, need to beilluminated and served by close attention to historical detail. That recognition does notmean that only historians, important though they are, can speak with authority. To thecontrary, the detail on which the historians so crucially focus is precisely what raisesquestions and perhaps provides insights that reach beyond the historian's domains intothose of literature and the arts, politics and the social sciences, philosophy and religion.Good and evil, right and wrong, justice and injustice are in the details, nowhere else, buthistory's detail is so charged with issues and questions, with possibilities and prospects,that all kinds of human intelligence and good will are needed to address them well,especially in an age of genocide.
More than one hundred of the approximately 250 papers contributed to Rememberingfor the Future 2000 were discussed in history seminars during the conference itself. Tomention only three examples, the history papers published here include David AlanRich's instructive analysis of Trawniki, a camp on Polish soil where the Germans trainedprisoners of war to implement the Final Solution, Michal Unger's moving study of thereligious life of Jews trapped in the Lodz ghetto, and `University Over an Abyss', a studyby Sergei Makarov and Elena Makarova which uses newly discovered archival material todocument the thousands of lectures that were given in the Theresienstadt ghetto as theJews imprisoned there resisted German oppression by striving to maintain dignity andintellect in the Holocaust's darkness. Readers will find insightful articles that presenthistorical research on other genocides as well. Taking the whole book into account, thearticles' range is vast, their analysis penetrating, and their questioning acute. Carefulindexing and annotations in the table of contents should help readers to find their way inthe volumes, which can be approached both as encyclopedic reference works and as toolsfor discovery as one studies the individual essays and contemplates the relations thatreading will reveal and create among them.
, J
xl Introduction
Remembering for the Future featured many eminent leaders and scholars who gaveplenary addresses. It is not the purpose of this introduction to name them all; many oftheir contributions follow in the pages that lie ahead. However, to set the scene for allthat follows in the volume on ethics and religion and the one on memory, as well as inthe initial volume on history itself, I want to mention six historians who emphasized theimportance of sound historical research. Then I will provide an overview of the volumes'contents.
First, there is Ian Kershaw, Professor of Modern History at the University ofSheffield in the United Kingdom. Kershaw has long been a leading authority on AdolfHitler and the Nazi regime. His important books include The Hitler Myth, The NaziDictatorship, Hitler: A Profile in Power, and, most recently, his magisterial two-volumestudy of the Nazi leader: Hitler, 1889±1936: Hubris and Hitler, 1937±1945: Nemesis.Kershaw's work is important because of the detail it uncovers, the light it sheds, and thequestions it raises about the individual who most bears responsibility for the Holocaust.His work reminds us that there have been±and may still be±leaders and followers whowill risk everything to commit genocide.
When one thinks of German scholars who have made leading contributions tounderstanding of the Holocaust, Eberhard JaÈckel's name must be included at thetop of the list. Books such as his Hitler's World View and Hitler in History made clearto English-speaking audiences what was already well-known in Germany: namely,that JaÈckel writes with knowledge, elegance and clarity that few scholars can match.Besides that, as his monograph David Irving's Hitler demonstrated, he gave early warn-ings about the dangers that poor historical scholarship creates. JaÈckel's distinguishedcareer helps to show what historical scholarship ought to be: clear, accurate, concise andpointed.
Scholars, even historians, are unlikely to be called heroes. In the case of EmoryUniversity's Deborah Lipstadt, however, the word hero fits. Never one to shy awayfrom troubling topics, Lipstadt played a leading role in deepening painful understandingof the United States' posture during the Holocaust when, in 1986, she published BeyondBelief: The American Press and the Coming of the Holocaust 1933±1945. Then, in 1993,came Denying the Holocaust: The Growing Assault on Truth and Memory. Her subtitle mayhave referred to more of a growing assault than even she could have imagined at the time.Her triumph in the 2000 trial ± David Irving v. Penguin Books and Professor DeborahLipstadt ± drives home how important it is for scholarship to be done with diligence,perseverance, and passion.
Yehuda Bauer has boldly suggested that the biblical Ten Commandments should beexpanded to thirteen. He proposes the following additions: Thou shalt not be a perpe-trator. Thou shalt not be a victim. Thou shalt not be a bystander. Bauer is entitled to addto the biblical Decalogue, but neither because he has received divine revelation norbecause he is a professor. His prerogative comes from his being a historian, one who hasstudied with conscientious thoroughness not only how the Holocaust happened but alsowhat its impact and implications have been. A mentor for all Holocaust and genocidescholars, Bauer is the author of many books and articles, including his 2000 YaleUniversity Press volume, which is titled Rethinking the Holocaust. Bauer's work, includ-ing his additions to the Ten Commandments, reminds us that sound rememberingentails critical rethinking, especially for those who pursue Holocaust and genocidestudies.
Kershaw, JaÈckel, Lipstadt and Bauer spoke at the opening of the Remembering for theFuture 2000 history seminars. As the conference drew to a close, other groundbreaking
, J
What Does This Book Have to Say? xli
historians emphasized how judicious research is a safeguard against misunderstandingand falsification. The presentations in the closing history plenary made clear that thescholar's work, far from ever being completed, repeatedly includes momentous begin-nings.
An odyssey much more than scholarly is found in the biography of Nechama Tec, whosurvived the Holocaust and then became one of the world's most important researchersand writers about that event. Concentrating on Jewish resistance and the rescue of Jewsduring the Holocaust, Tec, who teaches sociology at the University of Connecticut,Stamford, has held major research positions at the International Institute for HolocaustResearch at Yad Vashem, Jerusalem, and at the United States Holocaust MemorialMuseum, Washington, D.C. She is the author of numerous award-winning books,including Dry Tears: The Story of a Lost Childhood and Defiance: The Bielski Partisans.Her most recent book addresses gender issues raised by the Holocaust's destruction ofEuropean Jewry. At Remembering for the Future 2000, she discussed related themesfrom this relatively new area of Holocaust studies. Her work shows that the misunder-standing of history cannot be prevented unless there is exploration of areas that havebeen neglected and subjects that have been ignored.
Christopher Browning is the Frank Porter Graham Professor of History at theUniversity of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. The recipient of Fulbright and Humboldtscholarships, he has also been a fellow of the Institutes for Advanced Studies inPrinceton, New Jersey, and at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, as well as theShapiro senior visiting scholar at the United States Holocaust Museum in Washington,D.C. `Expert witness' should also be added to his credentials, for he has given crucialtestimony in Holocaust-related trials, including the Holocaust denial case involvingDavid Irving and Deborah Lipstadt. In addition, Browning is the author of numerousbooks, among them the now-classic Ordinary Men and, more recently, Nazi Policy,Jewish Workers, German Killers, which emerged from his 1999 George Macaulay Tre-velyan Lectures at Cambridge University. His work underscores that scholarship can beimportant in the pursuit of justice.
When the Remembering for the Future conference opened in Oxford University'sSheldonian Theatre on 17 July 2000, Dr. Colin Lucas, the university's vice-chancellor,urged that `if we do not learn from our historical experience, we will not be guardedagainst revisiting [the Holocaust's] appalling horror.' The first volume of this workidentifies much of the historical experience from which 21st-century men and womenneed to learn. It begins with studies of the multiple cases of genocide that plagued the20th century. As they assess the Armenian genocide and the Holocaust, the catastrophicmass killing in Rwanda and the Balkans, the authors explore crucial points of comparisonand difference in these cases. They also focus the nagging problem of Holocaust andgenocide denial and the crucial issues facing humankind if genocide is to be prevented inthe future.
During the Holocaust, millions of Jews were killed in Nazi-established ghettos,concentration camps, and killing centres. Many of those sites were situated in Polandand other parts of eastern Europe. In articles that study the Holocaust's particularity inMinsk and Warsaw, Theresienstadt and Budapest, Lodz and Auschwitz, a second set ofauthors presents new research and significant insights about the Final Solution's impactand the responses of the people it targeted.
The genocidal destruction process unleashed by Nazi Germany affected people andproperty throughout Europe ± from Slovakia to Switzerland, from Italy to Hungary,
, J
xlii Introduction
from Yugoslavia to the Netherlands ± and in the Middle East as well. Resistance againstdestruction took many forms ± including hiding, flight, rescue. The articles in the thirdhistory section draw on current research to deepen understanding of the life-and-deathstruggle that the Holocaust inflamed.
Hitler, Himmler, Heydrich ± those are the names of familiar Holocaust perpetrators.They did not act alone. The Holocaust's magnitude required perpetrators and collabor-ators by the tens of thousands. Who were these people? What did they do and why? In aseries of snapshot essays, this part concentrates on scientists and art looters, on intellec-tuals, religious leaders, and low-level police and military personnel to show anew thatordinary people can perform extraordinarily destructive acts.
The writing of Holocaust and genocide history has no end. New discoveries requirenew interpretations, and the pursuit of knowledge and truth requires the rewriting ofhistory. Not all rewriting, however, serves good ends. Rewriting can undermine know-ledge; it can deny what is true. By focusing on rewriting of the latter kind, the articlesthat conclude the history volume are a warning. As they expose `revision' that threatensaccurate memory of the Holocaust and genocide, they reaffirm that historical researchmust be as penetrating and persistent as it is governed by the highest standards ofscholarship.
The second volume concentrates on ethics and religion by focusing hard questionsthat history raises. For example, what happened to ethics? Where was religion? TheHolocaust and genocide raise those questions, for whenever mass murder takes placeethics and religion are found wanting. As a consequence, the question of what ethics andreligion ought to be after Auschwitz, what they should become in an age of genocide,looms large as well. Echoing all the plenary addresses that introduce the Rememberingfor the Future volume on ethics and religion, the ethicist John T. Pawlikowski keynotesthe articles that follow when he observes that `I am obliged to probe the implications ofNazi ideology for contemporary human self-understanding.'
Apart from human choices, genocide would not exist and there would have been noHolocaust. Where human self-understanding is concerned, arguably nothing is moreimportant than knowing±and acting upon±the difference between choices that are ethicaland those that are not. Drawing on history and philosophy, politics, culture, and religion,the articles in this volume's first section help us, in the words of the philosopher LeonardGrob, to `rethink the relationship between morality and power.'
Ethical and religious reflection about the Holocaust and genocide must study theperpetrators who provoked mass killing and the bystanders who permitted the per-petrators to do their worst. But no less important for ethics and religion are the peoplewho risked everything to rescue those in need. Why did these ordinary people do suchextraordinary things to remove children, women, and men from harm's way? How couldthose extraordinary deeds be made more ordinary so that the 21st century does notbecome another age of genocide? Such questions govern the inquiries about rescue thatform the second set of essays in this part of the book.
Scarcely any topic in Holocaust studies is more controversial than the role of theRoman Catholic Church during the years 1933±1945. Not only do the papers in the thirdsection reflect that fact, they also show that the Church's pre-Holocaust anti-Jewishattitudes helped to make Jews vulnerable when the Nazi onslaught came. The Church'spost-Holocaust recognition of its own history continues to bring about significant, ifwrenching changes, which is another fact confirmed by the recent scholarship foundhere.
, J
What Does This Book Have to Say? xliii
If the pluralism of Protestant Christianity diffused its responsibility in comparisonwith the more hierarchical and centralized authority of the Catholic tradition, Protestantdenominations have their share of Holocaust-related burdens, too, for that catastropheinvolved a moral collapse that will haunt Christianity forevermore. How did Protestantscope with the rise of Nazism and the Holocaust that followed? How are they respondingto their Holocaust-related histories as the 21st century unfolds? Such questions governthe next set of essays.
Disastrously, the Holocaust showed that Christians and Jews could inhabit the samecities and countries and yet be so divided from one another that the attempt to destroyEuropean Jewry nearly succeeded in a culture steeped in Christian tradition. AfterAuschwitz, however, there has been what the insightful post-Holocaust theologianAlice Eckardt identified in her plenary address as `a slow but difficult awakening',which shows signs of taking hold in Christian communities. Revisions in Christiantheology are taking place. Jewish±Christian dialogue has intensified and deepened.Where are these developments headed? Where are the dialogues going? What pitfallsand promises have they contained and discovered? Post-Holocaust theology unavoidablyleads to those issues and to many others that the authors lift up for consideration in afifth part. They include: How have the Holocaust and genocide affected religious faith?How should their devastating histories influence what people think about God, howScripture should be interpreted, and what it might mean to be a Christian or a Jew in the21st century? These questions are not completely new. For some time, history has forcedversions of them upon us. But the responses to such fundamental questions are still verymuch in the making. In distinctive ways, the authors who come next use and refashiontheir own traditions to make constructive contributions to the ongoing development ofpost-Holocaust theology and Jewish±Christian dialogue.
The Holocaust and genocide tip the scales of justice in ways that can never bebalanced. Yet these disasters make the search for justice all the more important, forthe alternative is that gross theft and mass murder, the distortion and denial of history,win victories that should never be theirs. The search for justice has brought theHolocaust and genocide into courts of law in ways that were scarcely imaginable a fewyears ago. These legal proceedings provide an important means by which ethicaldecisions can be effected in society. As this final set of articles in the second volumetestifies, when Remembering for the Future 2000 took place, cases about the restitutionof stolen property and about Holocaust denial occupied centre stage. These studiesexpand the Holocaust's immensity. They also show how important it is to preventgenocide so that such wrenching searches for justice do not have to be repeated againand again.
The Remembering for the Future 2000 conference opened on Sunday 16 July inLondon with a special gathering of Holocaust survivors. On that date fifty-eight yearsearlier, the Germans in Nazi-occupied France ± aided by French police ± began roundups of Parisian Jews, who were soon deported to their deaths at Auschwitz. Drawing onpowerful memories about destruction and rescue, about how little we have learned andhow much we need to learn, four plenary addresses set the stage for the third volume'sreflections on survivor testimony, memory and memorialization, education, and the arts.Two Holocaust survivors who spoke in London on 16 July ± the international lawyerSamuel Pisar and Israel Meir Lau, the Chief Rabbi of the State of Israel ± are followedby two pioneering Holocaust and genocide scholars, Franklin Littell and Hubert Locke,who later spoke at Oxford. In varied ways, their contributions and those offered in thethird volume's major section on survivors make the point that, before the 21st century
, J
xliv Introduction
ends, no survivors of the Holocaust will remain alive. However, thanks to the recordingof oral history, written memoirs, scholarship, and teaching, the chances that they will beremembered have increased. The important stories of their lives include not only whathappened to the survivors before and during the Holocaust. How they coped after theHolocaust is important, too. How does one live with Holocaust memories that no humanmemory should contain but that can never be forgotten because the Holocaust's devasta-tion was undeniably real? How can homes be made, families raised, and careers pursuedin the ruins of memory? Survivor testimony and scholarship about it respond to suchissues. They tell much that post-Holocaust generations need to remember.
Whenever one focuses on the Holocaust and genocide, memory and specific memoriesloom large. What is most important to remember where the Holocaust and genocide areconcerned? How are such catastrophes best memorialized? What forms of memory andmemorialization trivialize the Holocaust or minimize genocide's awesome terror? What isrequired to keep memory keen and sharp, honest and true? Can memory help to mendthe world? Is there an ethics of memory? As they explore the ways in which theHolocaust and genocide are remembered in particular cultural contexts, the second setof articles in Volume 3 concentrates on `The Ethics of Memory'. These essays not onlybreak new ground by addressing such questions but bridge the contents of Volumes 2and 3 as they focus on memories of the Holocaust and what should best be done withthem.
Every article in this work is about education, for each one tells something that we needto know and that we forget at our peril. It is also true that education about the Holocaustand genocide entails much more than conferences and publications. Specifically, itrequires schools, resources, curricula, and teachers who are dedicated to the bestpedagogy available so that they can help people±young people especially±not only tolearn about the Holocaust and genocide but also to learn from those catastrophes. Whatis needed for such teaching to take place? What is most important for teachers to teachand for students to learn as far as the Holocaust and genocide are concerned? A thirdseries of articles is written by expert teachers, and they go far toward providing soundresponses to those questions and many others.
A post-Holocaust poem by an Irish poet named Micheal O'Siadhail ± some of his workappears here for the first time ± contains the line, `Meditate that this came about.' At theRemembering for the Future conference poetry readings, art exhibits, film screenings,and musical performances not only enhanced the scholarly discussion but also showedthat study of the Holocaust and genocide can never be limited to words alone. The arts ±broadly construed to include literature, film, painting, sculpture, architecture, memor-ials, museums, and scholarship about them, too ± help us to see as nothing else can.Drawing this book to a fitting close, the third volume's final articles show how the artscan focus and clarify memory by giving expression to the deepest yearnings and mostheartfelt emotions that memory of the Holocaust and genocide unavoidably arouse. `Tryto look,' writes O'Siadhail, `try to see.' After Treblinka, we do see differently, and wemust. The authors who get the last word recapitulate the entire work by helping to showus how.
Each and all, the contributions to this work show that remembering for the futureinvolves learning. Some of that learning requires broad overviews and theories, but muchof it depends on considering specific details and the questions they raise. One Holocaustphotograph, for example, features a young girl's silent face. This child was discovered byBritish troops in the typhus ward of the liberated Nazi concentration camp at Bergen-Belsen in April 1945. Her name and ultimate fate, however, remain unknown. A picture
, J
What Does This Book Have to Say? xlv
and then a flood of questions: Who was that girl? Why was she in Bergen-Belsen? Howdid she get there? When was Bergen-Belsen built? By whom? Why? Is genocide destinedto go on and on? What must happen if No! is to be that question's convincing answer?
Hugo Gryn, an Auschwitz survivor who was also a beloved rabbi, said of theHolocaust, `It was a denial of God. It was a denial of man. It was the destruction ofthe world in miniature form.' A siren's shriek, a respectful silence, words and pictures,research, teaching, and publication: As they mix and mingle well, not only at YomHashoah but in this work, remembering for the future can provide encouragement toinsist that because `it happened', it must not happen again.
In his opening address to the Remembering for the Future conference, the Auschwitzsurvivor and 1986 Nobel Peace Prize recipient Elie Wiesel emphasized the importance oftelling the truth. Knowing that the truth remains in jeopardy, he spoke for all Holocaustsurvivors when he said in conclusion, `Remember, friends: if the truth of our past is to bedistorted, diminished and repudiated, our memory will have no future. Protect thatfuture.' To heed Wiesel's warning and to enact his imperative, the slaying of the slainmust be remembered more than once. That is the core of what these pages have to say.
, J
xlvi Introduction
INDEX
Abadi, Odette 1, 323Abella, Irving 2, 864±5abortion
in Auschwitz 1, 325±7; 3, 574invoked by anti-abortion protesters 2, 871,n.6; 3, 452
Abrams, Alan 1, 600Abravanel, Rudi 3, 144Abzug, Robert 3, 478, 490Ackerman, Gary L. 1, 44ACT-UP, use of Holocaust rhetoric 3, 455Adamczyk-Garbowska, Monika
Poland, reception of The Diary of Anne Frankin 3, 684±90
Adams, David 2, 329Adams, Guy B.
(with Danny L. Balfour) administrative evil 2,19±35
Adelsberger, Lucie 1, 325Adenauer, Konrad 3, 48Adler, Felix 1, 646Adler, Hugo Chaim 1, 417Adler, Jacques 1, 679Adler, Rachel 2, 729Adler, Samuel 1, 417, 418Adler, Stanislaw 1, 213administrative evil 2, 19±35Adorno, Theodor W. 2, 163, 224, 776; 3,
16, 84, 209, 608; 3, 719, 796, 854,855
Afanasy, Archimandrite 2, 484agriculture, Nazi science and 1, 657±73Agudat Yisrael 1, 289±90; 2, 290, 291Aharonian, Avetis 3, 818Aiken, L. 2, 48, 49Ainsztain, Reuben 1, 302Akiba, Rabbi 1, 483; 2, 100; 3, 815Albania, Yugoslav Jewish refugees in 1, 515Alberts, Louw 1, 861Aleichem, Sholem 3, 824Aleksander, Shmuel 1, 422Alexander, Beatrix 2, 898Alexander, Edward 3, 821±2Alexandrov, Georgy 1, 364±5Alexeev, Sergei 1, 888, 889Alexis II, Patriarch of Moscow 2, 489AlfoÈldi, GeÂza 1, 898, 899Al-Hasani, Abd al-Razzaq 1, 585Ali, Rashid 1, 570, 571±4Alkalaj, Isaak 1, 520Alleluyeva, Svetlana 1, 356Allen, Paula Gunn 2, 187Allendorf, Johannes 2, 499, 500±501
AlliesHungarian Jews, Brand-Grosz rescue mission
1, 371±88Jewish immigration, fear of 2, 364, 371±88,
476Jewish refugees, failure to confront problem
of 1, 513±14Altman, Rachel 3, 575Altmann, Ludwig 1, 418Altmann, Richard 1, 419altruism 2, 40±42, 217±29
Altruistic Personality Project 2, 310heroic 2, 319±33and rescue 2, 298±308, 309±18, 319±33religion and 2, 309±18
altruistic personalitycf. Holocaust rescuer 2, 341±41
Altshuler, Mordechai 3, 303Aly, Goetz 1, 137; 3, 361Ambre, Joannes 2, 512Ambrose, St 2, 416Ambrosewicz, Jolanta
(with Chunlou Yung) teaching about theHolocaust in post-1989 Poland 3, 525±44
Amcha 3, 150±61America, Spanish
atrocities during conquest of 2, 188±91American Association of Museums 2, 952American Church, Berlin 2, 635±49American Jewish Committee
We Remember, response to 2, 429American Jewish Joint Distribution
Committee 1, 372; 2, 271, 282; 3, 25Americanization of the Holocaust
see Holocaust, Americanization ofAmeÂry, Jean 3, 108, 110, 112, 115, 446Amico, Giuseppe 1, 516Amipaz-Silber, Gitta 3, 144Amir, Eli 1, 583Amir, Yigail 3, 277±9Amishai-Maisels, Ziva 3, 723Amnesty International 1, 17, 100Amsterdam
deportations from 1, 531±2survival rates, cf. Warsaw 1, 313±14survivors, reception of 3, 135±41see also Netherlands
Anastasios, Metropolitan 2, 485Anders, GuÈnther 3, 654Andreas-Friedrich, Ruth 1, 593Andrei, Metropolitan 2, 489±90Anschluss
Vatican's denunciation of 2, 399±400
[ 913 ]
(Palgrave 2001)
Anti-Defamation League (ADL) 2, 568; 3, 252,253, 255, 256
antijudaismCatholic church 2, 413±24
antisemitismAfrican American 3, 257±9Arrow-Cross emigration 1, 897±910`Aryan' and `Khazar' myths in Russia 1,
884±96Baltic States 1, 847±57Canada, as explanation for entry of war
criminals 1, 708, 714Catholic church and 2, 413±24Christian church, cf antijudaism 2, 444±6in Christianity 2, 180±97, 673±82, 776,
787±97, 814±49erotic roots of 2, 386±91German antisemitism, meaning and intentions,
1800±1945 1, 726±50Holocaust denial as the new antisemitism 1,
832±46on the internet 1, 911±25Iraq 1, 570±88Italy, racial laws 1, 466±80Japan 2, 13±14Jesuits 2, 382±3John, Gospel of 2, 787±97Lithuania, revival of 1, 853±5Luther, Martin 2, 603±17; see also under
Luther, Martinmeasurement of 3, 248±65MuÈnch, Hans 1, 761±2Nazi priests 2, 502±4Nazi, roots of 1, 119, 126 n.25, 726±50Netherlands 3, 136origins of 2, 180±97, 437±54Poland 1, 490±91Romania 1, 813, 817±18Russia, contemporary antisemitic
propaganda 1, 884±96South Africa 1, 858±69Stalin and the Soviet leadership 1, 355±70Stalin, `Doctors' Plot' 1, 123Switzerland 1, 82United States, 1930s and 40s 2, 364Vichy France 2, 509±30
Antonenko, Sergei 1, 887Antonescu, Marshal
rehabilitation of, in Romania 1, 66, 813±831Antonian, Aram 3, 820, 822apartheid 1, 862±4Apfel, Alfred 2, 358Apollo Program
Nazi scientists and 2, 26±7Appelfeld, Aharon 3, 82, 843Aquinas, St Thomas 2, 302Arad, Gulie Ne'eman 3, 413Arad, Yitzhak 1, 6
Pictorial History of the Holocaust 3, 354
Arad, Yitzhak, cont.Stalin and the Soviet leadership's responses to
the Holocaust 1, 355±70archives
Allies 1, 371±88Budapest 1, 205±8Children with Lost Identity Archives 3, 27±9Daghani, Arnold 3, 207±8Sinti and Roma 3, 666Soviet 1, 688±701Zionist 1, 371±88
Arendt, Hannah 1, 118, 119, 137, 140±41, 146,302, 303, 305; 2, 171±6, 219, 259; 3, 421
Rahel Varnhagen 2, 172±5Argentina
Nazi war criminals in 1, 66Aristotle 1, 90
ethics 2, 298±308Poetics 3, 841, 849, 852
Armenian genocide 1, 25±28, 44, 45, 49, 61, 65, 66,94, 95±7, 796±812, 879; 3, 317±18, 814±30
denial of 1, 796±812Hitler on memory of 1, 7, 49, 739Holocaust, comparison with 1, 45, 53literary responses to 3, 814±30representation of
Boltanski, Christian 3, 856Aronsfeld, Caesar 1, 741±2Aronson, Shlomo
the quadruple trap of the European Jews 1,371±88
Arp, Jean 2, 359Arpiarian, Arpiar 3, 818Arrow Cross
antisemitism and revisionism 1, 897±910Canada, former members emigrating to 1,
720 n.9art
Holocaust, representation of 3, 718±38,831±40
Bak, Samuel 3, 834±6Boltanski, Christian 3, 854±70Daghani, Arnold 3, 205±27Gould, Melissa 3, 731±35Hoheisel, Horst 3, 779±86Koerner, Henry 3, 833±4Libera, Zbigniew 3, 724±47OleÁre, David 3, 720±22Toporowicz, Maciej 3, 727±9, 735Witkin, Jerome 3, 722±4, 837±8
Theresienstadt, lectures on 1, 272±3art looting
see Nazi-looted artArt Loss Register, UK 2, 895±905arts, the
art and architecture 3, 718±38, 831±40,854±70
film 3, 691±703literature, American 3, 704±717
914 Index
arts, the, cont.poetry 3, 677±9, 841±53music 3, 680±83, 804±13
Artzt, Heinz 2, 944±5Aryan Nations 1, 913±14`Aryan' and `Khazar' myths, Soviet Union 1,
884±96Asbury, Beverly 2, 539Ashdown, Paddy 3, 596Asscher, Abraham 1, 528, 530, 531assimilation
and rescue 2, 265Assmann, Aleida 3, 367Attis, David 1, 838Auerbach, Rachel 3, 110Augstein, Rudolf 3, 415Augustine of Hippo, Saint 2, 439±40Auschwitz
abortions in 1, 325±7; 3, 574agricultural department 1, 666±7Birkenau
memorials 3, 239, 240±42, 327±8, 332women's hospital 1, 320
Borowski, Tadeusz 1, 792±3; 3, 841±4children, murder of 1, 325±7Christian theology and 2, 75±6, 551±8,
760±74Christian victims 3, 323±4Czeck, Danuta 3, 841±2doctors, Nazi
Dering, Wladyslaw 1, 328±9Mengele, Josef 1, 324±5, 329, 330, 753,760, 760±71, 762MuÈnch, Hans 1, 751±65
doctors, prisoner 1, 319±34, 755±6documentary film of 3, 488Dutch Jews deported to 1, 532, 534gassing 1, 758±9Greek Jews in 3, 142±3gypsies in 3, 668I.G. Farben and 1, 176inmates, fate of 3, 323±4Lagerpost 2, 766medical experiments 1, 756±7, 760±61medical resistance 1, 281±6memorials 3, 237±47, 322±40
Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum 3,328±9, 330±31, 338±9, 351, 506±7, 529, 632,634, 637, 639±9Brzezinka, church at 3, 327Carmelite convent 2, 663±5; 3, 325±7`Christianization' of 3, 333±40crosses at 1, 66; 2, 665±7, 720; 3, 220±41,242, 327±8, 329±40, 390±91`de-judaization' of 3, 330±31Jewish and Catholic views of 2, 662±7Polonization 3, 330±31Sinti and Roma 3, 672Stein, Edith 3, 328
Auschwitz, cont.memorials, cont.
`supermarket' 3, 328±9memory of
Nazi attempts to eradicate 3, 503±4Poland 3, 525±44, 632±51revisionism and 3, 330±31
Mengele, Josef 1, 324±5, 329, 330, 753, 760,760±71, 762
Metz, Johannes on 2, 675±7MuÈnch, Hans 1, 751±65music in 3, 808Polish perceptions of 3, 632±51Polish victims 3, 323±4post-Auschwitz Catholic-Jewish dialogue 2,
661±72prisoner doctors 1, 319±34, 755±6; 3, 574Raisko Institute of Hygiene 1, 754±7, 760±61reading the Bible after 2, 683±99representation
Boltanski, Christian 3, 857Libera, Zbigniew 3, 724±47OleÁre, David 3, 720±22
selections 1, 757±8slave labour 1, 165Sonderkommando, diaries 1, 483Stein, Edith 1, 188, 537; 2, 664; 3, 634sterilization experiments 1, 284, 322, 325, 328symbolism of 3, 322±40uniqueness of 2, 776victims, nationality of 3, 331±2, 635±9Wiesel, Elie
see Wiesel, Eliewomen in 1, 241±3; 3, 178±9, 181±2women's orchestra
women's orchestra 3, 808Zyklon B, use of 2, 58
Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum 3, 328±9,330±31, 338±9, 351, 506±7, 529, 632, 634,637, 639
AustraliaHolocaust denial 1, 919±20
Austriabanks, restitution claims against 2, 849
autarkyNazi attempts to achieve 1, 657±73
authoritarianism 2, 219, 224±5Luther as authoritarian personality 2, 167±8Papal Infallability, doctrine of 2, 464±5SS's obedience to authority 2, 219
Aviezer, Miriam 3, 143Avisar, Ilan 3, 479, 700, 701, 748
Babel, Isaac 3, 818Babi Yar, massacre of 1, 359, 361, 364Bacharach, Walter Zwi 2, 193Bachner, Wilhelm 2, 324±5Bacht, Heinrich 2, 403Bach-Zelewski, Erich 2, 56
Index 915
Backe, Herbert 1, 658±9Badde, Paul 2, 102, 103Badoni, KraÈmer Rudolf 2, 100, 103Baeck,Leo 1, 141, 392±3, 405, 481, 482, 615; 2, 391
in Theresienstadt 1, 258, 259±60Baer, Elizabeth
complicating the Holocaust: who is a victim?what is a Holocaust memoir? 3, 15±23
Baer, Tommy 2, 431Baer, Werner 1, 419Baghdad
Farhud (pogrom), 1941 1, 570±88Bainton, Roland 2, 593Baird, M. 2, 781Baitsch, Helmut 2, 136, 137Bajohr, Frank
the Holocaust and political corruptiont 1,613±29
Bak, Samuel 3, 270, 719, 834±6Bakewell-Sachs, Susan
nurses and physicians in the resistance 1,279±88
Bakker, D.J. 2, 210Balfour, Danny L.
(with Guy B. Adams) administrative evil: 2,19±35
Balina, Asya 3, 301Balint, Lea
survivors, archival sources in uncoveringidentity of 3, 24±31
BalkansHolocaust in 3, 142±9
Ball, Howard 2, 659, 727Ball, Leon 2, 351, 354Ball-Kaduri, Yaacov 3, 109Balosher, Abba 1, 216Baltic states
antisemitism and Holocaust denial 1,847±57
Balzereit, Paul 1, 497Bamber, Helen 3, 424Banda, Hastings
Catholic bishops' stand against 2, 155Bandura, A. 2, 39Barak, Aharon 1, 17Baranowski, Hermann 1, 495Barbie, Klaus 1, 706, 712Barbie, Klaus
US intelligence, service in 1, 65Bardeche, Maurice 1, 797, 798Barkashov, Alexander 1, 894Barkun, Gennady
Minsk ghetto, 1941±44 1, 154±62Barna, Endre 1, 907Barnes, Harry Elmer 1, 861, 871Barnett, Victoria 3, 413Bar-On, Daniel
MuÈnch, Hans, interviews with 1, 752±3,757±9, 762, 763
Baron, L. 2, 222Barrow, Brian 1, 860Barsky, Israel 3, 306Barth, Karl 1, 496; 2, 78, 421, 587, 622, 624Barthelemy, Joseph 2, 516, 517, 521Bartov, Omer 3, 505, 863Baruch, Yosef 3, 142Barzel, Neima
Holocaust testimony in education 3,545±61
Bastico, General Ettore 3, 145Bater, B. Robert 2, 568Batson, C.D. 2, 221Batzdorff, Susanne 1, 188Baudry, Henri 2, 512Bauer, Yehuda 1, 56, 94, 880, 809; 2, 363, 364,
784; 3, 244, 344, 347, 564, 619RFTF 2000, Opening Address 1, 21±24We Remember, response to 2, 428, 430
Baum, Gregory 2, 565, 568, 570Baum, Phil
We Remember, response to 2, 429Baum, Rainer 2, 129Bauman, Janina 1, 222Bauman, Zygmunt 1, 26, 137; 2, 183±4, 768, 772;
3, 600, 602BaumgaÈrtner, Raimund 2, 504Baur, Andre 1, 678±9Baur, Charles 1, 678±9Baur, Erwin 1, 659±61, 662Bazyler, Michael
Holocaust restitution in the United States 2,845±59
Beck, Gad 1, 598, 603Beckelman, M.W. 2, 271Becker, Carl 3, 420Becker, Jurek 3, 440Becker, Peter 2, 137Beeck, Frans Jozef van 2, 99, 101±2Begley, Louis 3, 80Behhabib, Seyla 1, 876Beigelmann, David 3, 810Beitz, Berthold 1, 177Belarus
Holocaust in 2, 863±4Holocaust museums 1, 161Minsk ghetto 1, 154±62Pinsk, massacre of Jews of 2, 728±9resistance in 1, 557±65
Belaya Tserkovmassacre at 1, 33±34
Belgiumhidden children 3, 50±52rescue in 2, 256survivors 1, 533
BelgradeJewish property, appropriation of 1, 622±3
bell hooks 3, 624±6Bellamy, Elizabeth 3, 704±5
916 Index
Bellow, SaulMr Sammler's Planet 3, 707, 715±16, 752
Belsen see Bergen-BelsenBelzec
destruction of 3, 239slave labour 1, 169Zyklon B, use of 2, 59
Ben Gurion, David 3, 93, 129Farhud, response to 1, 579
Ben Shalom, Rafi 3, 168Benedict XV 2, 466BeÂneÂdite, Daniel 2, 351±2, 357Benigni, Roberto
Life is Beautiful 1, 782; 3, 403, 479, 770±71Benjamin, Walter 2, 162, 163±5, 778, 780; 3, 466Benner, P. 2, 40Ben-Sefer, Ellen
Gemilat Chesed and moral behaviour atWesterbork 2, 36±53
Benveniste, Maurice 3, 142Benz, Wolfgang 1, 499BeÂrard, LeÂon 2, 476, 517±19Berdyczewsli, Michah 1, 389Bereczky, Albert 1, 448Berenbaum, Michael 1, 5, 281±2; 3, 200±201
We Remember, response to 2, 428Berg, Mary 1, 215, 221±2, 299Bergen, Diego von 2, 399Bergen, Doris L.
Jews and `other victims' in studies of theHolocaust and comparative genocide 1,29±42
Bergen-Belsendocumentary film of 3, 484Holocaust monument at 3, 718medical resistance in 1, 284±5Reagan, Ronald, visit to 3, 686
Berger, Alan 3, 118, 562post-Auschwitz Catholic-Jewish dialogue 2,
661±72Bergier, Jean-FrancËois 2, 880Bergman, Leo 1, 413Bergman, M.S. 3, 48±9Bergmann, Maria 3, 81Bergmann, Werner 3, 211, 216, 218, 219,
223±4Beria, Lavrenti 1, 121, 368; 2, 277Berkovits, Eliezer 1, 391; 2, 745, 782Berkowitz, Liana 2, 485Berlant, Lauren 3, 452Berlin
Brandenburg Gate, Hoheisel's proposal todemolish 3, 781
Holocaust Memorial 3, 285, 293±4, 432, 781,837, 839
Jewish Museum 3, 285, 832±3, 837, 839New Synagogue, Oranienburgerstrasse 1, 418
Berlin, Isaiah 1, 921Berman, Adolf 1, 307
Bernadac, Christian 1, 320Bernadin, Cardinal 2, 669Bernadotte, Count Folke
RavensbruÈck, release of prisoners toSweden 3, 173±5
Bernardin, Joseph 2, 155Bernauer, James
Catholicism's post-Shoah tradition: theJesuits 2, 381±95
Bernonville, Comte de 1, 712Bernstein, Elsa 1, 270Bernstein, Michael Andre 3, 84Bernstein, Sara 1, 252±3Bertelson, Aage 2, 629Bertram,Cardinal 2, 418, 428, 430, 456±7, 498, 668Bessarabia
Holocaust in 1, 814Best, Werner 2, 619Beth Shalom Holocaust Memorial Centre, UK
1, 6, 414; 3, 592, 832Bethge, Eberhard 2, 588; 3, 414±15Bettelheim, Bruno 3, 10, 50, 99, 209Bettini, Bishop Antonio 2, 834Beyer, Frank 3, 775Beyrak, Nathan 3, 130Bezek, Shlomo 2, 799Bialik, Chaim Nachman 3, 680, 817Bialystok partisans 1, 558±9Bialystok, Franklin
Holocaust survivors, relations with CanadianJews 3, 32±46
Biberstein, Ernst 2, 624Biberstein, Wilhem 1, 675Bible, post-Holocaust interpretations of 2,
12±13, 683±99, 760±74Akedah, the 2, 689, 741±2Apocalypse, the 2, 692±3Crucifixion, the 2, 691Esther, Book of 2, 690Genesis 2, 691±2, 693±4Isaiah, Book of 2, 690±91Job, Book of 2, 689±90, 745±59John 8 :31±59 2, 787±97sacred texts, demonic in 2, 437±54sufferings during the Holocaust, explanation
of 1, 422±38Biddle, General Francis 2, 28, 29Bieberstein, Marshall von 1, 632Biebow, Hans 1, 336±7Bielicka-Blum, Luba 1, 281±2Bielski partisans 1, 562±5Bierman, Tibor 1, 284Biermann, Wolf 3, 286±7Biewbow, Hans 3, 175Billig, Joseph 1, 679, 682Bina, Shulamit 1, 585Binding, Karl 2, 199Bing, Rudolf 3, 812Bingham IV, Hiram 2, 355
Index 917
BirkenauGreek Jews, revolt of 3, 142±3memorials 3, 239, 240±42, 327±8
Polonization of 3, 332women's hospital 1, 320see also Auschwitz
Birn, Ruth Bettinathe Holocaust goes to court: a view from the
Canadian courtroom 2, 860±75Birnbaum, Pierre 2, 511±12Bismarck, Otto
Kulturkampf 2, 383Bitburg cemetery
Reagan, Ronald, visit to 3, 389±90, 426, 430Bitton-Jackson, Livia 3, 573Black, Don 1, 871`Black Book'
Soviet Union 1, 367blacks
Nazi persecution of 1, 40 n32Blair, Janet
prayers of the Holocaust 1, 389±409Blair, Tony 1, 58; 3, 595±6Blake, Naomi 3, 832Blanchot, Maurice 3, 445Blaskowitz, General Johannes
atrocities recorded by 1, 35Bloch Kennedy, Claudette 1, 330Bloemendahl, Alice 1, 261, 271`blood for lorries' 1, 371±2, 904Bloxham, Donald
slave labour 1, 163±86Bluglass, Kerry
surviving well: resistance to adversity 3, 47±62Blum, Lawrence 1, 90Blum, Paul 1, 271Blumenthal, David
perpetrator/rescuer: the two key factors 2,215±386, 782
Blumenthal, Michael 3, 833Boas, Friedrich 1, 662Bodemann, Michal 3, 411Boe, Lars 2, 635±6Bogdanov, Andrei 1, 894BoÈhme, Richard 1, 667Bohn, Frank 2, 355Bohr, Niels 2, 619Bolchover, Richard 2, 237Bolin, Sture 3, 175Boll, Heinrich 3, 290Boltanski, Christian 3, 854±70Bondy, Ruth 1, 252Bonhoeffer, Dietrich 1, 400±401; 2, 557, 588,
623, 719, 783Boniface VIII, Pope 2, 187, 441Bonjour, Edgar 1, 75, 80; 2, 911Book of Vles 1, 886, 887Booth, John Nicholls 2, 568Bor, Joseph 1, 259; 3, 805
Borchert, Wolfgang 3, 820Borchsenius, Paul 2, 629Borer-Fielding, Thomas
(with HansPeter Mock) Holocaust-era assetsdebate: a Swiss perspective 2, 876±81
Boretsky, Fr. Michael 2, 487Borg, Alan 3, 595, 597Bormann, Martin 1, 617, 649; 2, 496Born, Friedrich 1, 449Borowitz, Eugene 2, 102Borowska, Anna 2, 256Borowski,Tadeusz 1, 139±40,251,792±3;3, 841±4Borwicz, Michael 1, 302Borzykowski, Tuvia 1, 484, 489Bosnia
ethnic cleansing 1, 59, 61±62, 63genocide in 1, 27, 43, 45, 46, 99; 2, 129
Bouhler, Philip 2, 200Bourke-White, Margaret 3, 342Bousquet, Rene 1, 678Bowlby, John 3, 56Bowman, Steven 3, 143Boys, Mary C 1, 404±5Bozic, Darijan 3, 811Braham, Randolph 1, 198, 199±200, 203; 3, 352Braiterman, Zachery 2, 753Bramall, Field Marshal Lord 3, 592, 597Brand, Hanzi 3, 128Brand, Joel 1, 373±85, 904Brandenburg Gate
Hoheisel, proposal to demolish 3, 781Brandes-Brilleslijpo, Janny 1, 284±5Brand-Grosz rescue mission 1, 371±88Brandl-Bowen, Mollie 3, 214, 218Brandt, Karl 2, 200Brandt, Willy 3, 429, 430Bratislava
Unsdorfer, Rabbi Shlomo 1, 422±38Braude-Hellerowa, Anna 1, 281±2Brauman, Rony 1, 90Braun, Otto 2, 469Braun, Werner von 2, 21±7, 33±4Brayard, Florent
humanitarian concern versus Zyklon B 2, 54±65Braybrooke, Marcus
Church of England, impact of the Holocauston 2, 544±60
Brazauskas, Algirdas 1, 853±4Brecht, Bertolt 1, 15Breitman, Richard 2, 363Breitscheid, Rudolf 2, 357Brenkman, Hans 1, 538Brenner, Michael 3, 657Brenner, Rabbi Reeve Robert 1, 391Brenner, Rachel Feldhay
Holocaust education: the American academicsetting 3, 562±77
Breslauer, Hans Karl 3, 694Breton, Andre 2, 358
918 Index
Brett, Lilly 3, 845±6Brewda, Alina 1, 322, 325, 328Bricks, Yerahmiel 1, 345Brinks, Jan H. 1, 539British Council for German Jewry 2, 231Britten, Benjamin 3, 810Broc, Andre 2, 512, 522±3Brockschmidt, David 1, 919±20Brod, Max 3, 806Brod, Otto 1, 272; 3, 806Broder, Henryk 3, 415±16Brooks, Howard 2, 356Broszat, Martin 3, 358, 653Brothers, Caroline 3, 341Brown, Nancy Thomas
the Holocaust in film 3, 691±703Brown, R.E. 2, 792Browning, Christopher 1, 167±8, 789; 2, 363,
364; 3, 167, 345historians and Holocaust denial in the
courtroom 1, 773±8Holocaust, timing of 1, 33, 116Ordinary Men: Police Battalion 101 2, 219±20,
579±80; 3, 863±4BruÈcher, Heinz 1, 647±8BruÈning, Heinrich 2, 470±71, 473Brunner, Alois 1, 594Bruppacher, Theophile 1, 500Brysk, Miriam 1, 285Brzezinka, church at 3, 327Brzezinski, Zbigniew 2, 9, 152Buber, Martin 2, 101±2, 105±6, 118±121, 671,
737±8Buber-Neumann, Margarete 1, 504Bubis, Ignaz 3, 284, 290±91
We Remember, response to 2, 429Buchanan, Pat
Holocaust denial 1, 871Buchenwald
documentary film of 3, 484Jehovah's Witnesses in 1, 505memorials 3, 368±79, 781±2
Architects Collective 3, 369±70Sinti and Roma 3, 671
photographs of 3, 342representation of
Witkin, Jerome 3, 723±4Semprun, Jorge
Literature or Life 1, 793Buchenwald
slave labour 1, 165Buchenwald
V-weapons factory 1, 173BuÈchner, Ludwig 1, 646Budapest
ghetto, shape of 1, 198±210Jews, deportation of 1, 442±52see also Hungary
Budde, Rainber 2, 898
Buder, Willy 3, 222Budick, Emily Miller
silent inscriptions of the Holocaust in Americanliterature 3, 704±717
Budin, Paul 1, 176Buerckel, Josef 1, 615, 616Bukovina
Holocaust in 1, 814Bulgakov, Fr Sergei 2, 484±5Bulgaria
Gypsies during World War II 1, 456±65Holocaust in 3, 142, 143revisionism 1, 463
Bulka, Rabbi Reuven 2, 571Bullinger, Heinrich 2, 614Bumberger, Jaroslav 1, 266Bunem, Simha 1, 422Bunting, Brian
Rise of the South African Reich 1, 862Burke, Deirdre M.
Holocaust education: issues of pedagogy andcontent 3, 578±89
teaching and learning (plenary address) 3,515±19
Burkhill, Greta 2, 231, 232, 238, 239, 249Burns, Ken 1, 785Burrin, Philippe 1, 12; 2, 363, 365Buruma, Ian 1, 912Bush, George
Japanese Americans, apology to 3, 429Bushkoff, Leonard 1, 786Butenandt, Adolf 2, 136Butz, Arthur 1, 797, 800, 859, 870, 919±20Byelorussia
see BelarusBytwerk, Randy 1, 917Bzezinski, Haim 2, 337
Caesar, Joachim 1, 667Cahen, Bob 2, 44, 48Callahan, Daniel 2, 205Calmeyer, Hans Georg 1, 532Calvinism
and authoritarianism 2, 167±8and rescue 2, 89±90, 222, 302, 705
Cambridge Refugee Children's Committee 2,230±53
Cameron, Averil 2, 184Campbell, Sir Ronald 1, 513camps
child survivors, restitution requirements for 2,932
diarists 1, 481±94doctors and nurses
resistance, role in 1, 283±6`food talk' 1, 248±57Giado camp, Libya 3, 145Greek Jews in 3, 142±3Jehovah's Witnesses in 1, 495±511
Index 919
camps, cont.liberation, documentary film of 3, 482±5memorials, eastern Germany 3, 367±82mothers and children 1, 230±47prayer in 1, 401±2prisoner doctors 1, 283±6, 319±34slave labour 1, 163±86Theresienstadt, lectures in 1, 258±78Trawniki 1, 690±91women in 1, 230±47, 248±57see also under individual camps
CanadaAbrams v. North Shore Free Press Ltd 1, 842antisemitism, as explanation for entry of war
criminals 1, 708, 714antisemitism, legal constraints on 1, 832±46Canadian Jewish Congress v. North Shore Free
Press Ltd 1, 841±42CHRC v. Taylor 1, 836±7denaturalization cases 2, 864±71Holocaust awareness, growth of 3, 39±41Holocaust denial trials 1, 773±4, 832±46Holocaust Literature Research Institute 3,
109±10Holocaust survivors in 3, 32±46Holocaust, perception of 2, 861±2Human Rights Commission 1, 835±40human rights law and Holocaust denial 1,
832±46Kane v. Church of Jesus Christ Christian-Aryan
Nations 1, 836Ku Klux Klan in 1, 836Moncton School Board case 1, 837±40Nazi perpetrators, immigration of 2, 864±6Nazi war criminals evading justice in 1,
702±25Nazi war criminals, denaturalization cases 2,
860±75R. v. Keegstra 1, 832±5R. v. ZuÈndel 1, 832±5R. v. Finta 2, 864Ross v. New Brunswick School District No 15 et
al. 1, 838±40United Church of
mission to the Jews, reappraisal of 2, 536±7State of Israel, attitude towards 2, 561±74
War Crimes Investigation Unit 2, 860±2war criminals
denaturalization cases 2, 860±75evading justice in 1, 702±25
Canadian Jewish Congress 2, 864United Church of Canada and 2, 570±71
Canetti, Elias 1, 140Cape Town Holocaust Centre 1, 866Caporino, Grace
(with Diane Isaacs) `Jewish Catholics' in theWarsaw ghetto' 1, 187±97
Capra, Frank 3, 479, 481±2, 483Capron, Alexander 2, 206
Carey, George, Archbishop of Canterbury 2,547
Cargas, Harry James 2, 669±70Caribs, genocide of 1, 21±22Carlebach, Lotte 1, 236, 237Carlsson, Ingvar 3, 73Carmelite convent at Auschwitz 2, 663±5; 3,
325±7Carnegie Heroes
as rescuers 2, 325±7Caron, Vicki 1, 679Carroll, James 2, 669Caruth, Cathy 3, 78, 86Cassidy, Cardinal 2, 158, 433, 666±7, 670Casson, Sir Hugh 3, 208Catholic church
anti-Judaism cf antisemitism 2, 413±24, 457Bishops' statement, France 2, 381, 425±7,
669±70, 781; 3, 6Bishops' statement, Germany 2, 381euthanasia, protest against 2, 418France
bishops' statement, 1996 2, 381, 425±7,669±70, 781; 3, 6Vichy France 2, 509±30
Hitler and 2, 472±4Holocaust, Papacy and 2, 396±412, 455±80Holocaust, repentance for inaction during
French bishops 2, 381, 425±7, 669±70, 781;3, 6German bishops 2, 381Hungarian bishops 2, 540the Jesuits 2, 381±2, 390±91We Remember 2, 413±24, 425±36
Holocaust, role during 2, 146±61, 396±412,455±80
Hungary, bishops' statement, 1994 2, 540Jesuits, post-Shoah tradition of 2, 381±2Jewish±Christian dialogue 2, 661±72Jews, attitude to 2, 383Jews, demonization of 2, 437±54Kristallnacht, protests against 2, 428Nazi Germany, relations with 2, 396±412,
455±80Nazi priests 2, 493±508Nazism, acquiescence in 2, 430Nazism, appeal of 2, 386±91Nazism, opposition to 3, 18sacred texts, demonic in 2, 437±54Third Reich, moral failures during 2, 152±6Ukrainian Catholic church 2, 481±92Vichy France 2, 509±30We Remember
and the problems of confession 2, 413±24Jewish reaction to 2, 425±36; see also underVatican
Catlin, Stanton 2, 370Ceausescu, Nicolae 1, 814, 818Celan, Paul 3, 193, 209, 214, 225, 812, 849
920 Index
Central Association of Jewish Communities,Bratislava 3, 109
Cernyak-Spatz, Susan 1, 252Cesarani, David 3, 594
memory, representation and education 3, 231±6Chadwick, Owen 2, 460Chagall, Marc 2, 359; 3, 271, 272Chalmers, Martin 1, 548Chamberlain, Houston Stewart 1, 738Chambon sur Lignon
rescue in 2, 81, 83, 85±6, 89±91, 95, 265, 302,367; 3, 5
Sauvage, Pierre, Weapons of the Spirit 3, 5Chanes, Jerome
antisemitism in America today: lessons for thepost-Holocaust era 3, 248±65
Chaplin, CharlieThe Great Dictator 3, 698
Charles-Roux, FrancËois 2, 396, 407Charlesworth, Andrew 3, 591Charny, Israel 1, 6Chayat, Sherry 3, 723Chazan, Robert 1, 911Checinski, Michal M 1, 221Chelmno death camp 1, 341Cheyette, Brian 3, 707Chiang Kai-shek
Taipei massacre 3, 424Chicago Art Institute
Goodman v. Searle 2, 952±3children
Auschwitz 1, 325±7child survivors 3, 3±4, 24±31, 94, 96
Amcha, writing workshop 3, 150±65American Jewish Joint DistributionCommittee and 3, 25Israel 3, 150±66Kindertransport 2, 230±53Kongregatsiya 3, 27Poland 3, 24±31restitution, experience with 2, 923±65Switzerland 2, 287±93wartime experiences of 2, 924±9
Francedeportation of 3, 5±7
ghettos 2, 931±2handicapped
Nazi euthanasia programme 2, 200hidden children 3, 78±92, 79, 82, 152±3
Netherlands 1, 536Poland 3, 49, 57, 59restitution requirements for 2, 931±2resistance to adversity 3, 47±62
Kindertransport 2, 230±53mothers and children during the Holocaust
1, 230±47murder of 1, 32±34; 2, 190±91plight of, in literature 3, 756±7refugee, in Switzerland 2, 281±97
children, cont.Sinti and Roma, deportation to Auschwitz 3,
668Warsaw ghetto, education in 1, 289±301Yugoslav child refugees 1, 521±2
Children with Lost Identity ArchivesIsrael 3, 27±9
Children's Refugee Guardianship Act 2, 238Chirac, Jacques
Vichy France, acknowledgment of moralresponsibility of 3, 5
Chiune, Sugiharasee Sempo, Sugihara
Cholavsky [Cholawski], Shalom 2, 863±4Choms, Wladyslawa 2, 256Christ, Carol 2, 768Christian church
antijudaism 2, 450±52, 711±12, 814±49antijudaism cf antisemitism 2, 444±6antisemitism 2, 182±7, 814±49Christian doctrine and the `Final Solution'
2, 814±49Christianity, the Other and the Holocaust
2, 180±97forgiveness, doctrines of, and the
perpetrators 2, 725±31and the Holocaust 2, 710±24Jews, demonization of 2, 437±54post-Holocaust
see post-Holocaust theologypost-Holocaust responses
Nes Ammim 2, 798±13see also Catholic church, Church of England,
Lutheran church, Protestant churches,Russian Orthodox church, UkrainianGreek Catholic Church
Christian Rightand Holocaust memory 3, 452±65
Christian theologyChristian doctrine and the `Final Solution'
2, 814±49Marcionism 2, 68±70
Christian theology and ethicsfuture directions for 2, 656±9
Christian X, King of Denmark 2, 631Christianity
antisemitism, institutionalization of 2, 673±82,776
method in Christian moral theology after theHolocaust 2, 700±709
Tikkun Olam and Christian ethics after theHolocaust 2, 66±80
Christian±Jewish dialogueAnglican Church and 2, 544±60Parkes, James, as pioneer of 2, 575±86
Christie, Doug 1, 773±4Christopher, Warren 1, 44Chrysostom, John
Jews, attacks on 2, 187, 416, 438±9
Index 921
Chu, Jolene(with James N. Pellechia) Jehovah's Witnesses,
Nazi persecution of 1, 495±511Church of England
impact of the Holocaust upon 2, 544±60`Jews, Christians and Muslims' 2, 544±5Lambeth Document, 1988 2, 583Parkes, James, and the Holocaust 2, 575±86
churchless, theNational Socialism and 1, 645±56
Church Withdrawal Movement 1, 645±56Cimade (Protestant rescue organization) 2, 302cinema
see also filmTheresienstadt lectures on 1, 274
circumcisionin Jewish identity 3, 707±11
CiviltaÁ CattolicaJews, hostility towards 2, 383, 402, 462±4
Clages, Gerhard [Klages, Otto] 1, 376±8, 379, 380Clague, Julie 2, 142Class, Heinrich 1, 738Clauberg, Professor 1, 755±6Clendinnen, Inga 3, 15, 21Clenman, Donia 3, 33Clinton, President Bill 1, 58Coggan, Donald, Archbishop of Canerbury 2, 546Cohen, Arthur 1, 198; 2, 67, 69, 704, 826Cohen, David 1, 529, 530, 531, 534±5Cohen, Dr. Elie 1, 327, 328, 330Cohen, E. 2, 51Cohen, Hayyim 1, 573, 575Cohen, Judy 1, 6Cohen, Richard 1, 681; 2, 671Cohen, Roger 2, 426Cohen, Steven M. 3, 260Cohn, Norman 1, 27Cohn-Sherbok, Daniel 2, 828, 832Colarizi, Simona 1, 467±8Colby, Anne 2, 48, 327±8Cold War
Armenian genocide, response to 1, 805±6and entry of war criminals to Canada 1, 708,
713±14Holocaust, response to during 3, 231±6,
311±12, 314±21, 467, 490Cole, Tim
Budapest 1944: changing the shape of theghetto 1, 198±210
collaborationNetherlands 1, 538±40France
UGIF 1, 674±87lawyers under Vichy 2, 509±17
Commission for Art Recovery 2, 952compensation
slave labourers 1, 177±8Switzerland and 2, 907±22see also restitution
ConcordatHoly See and Germany 3, 395±6
Confessing Church, Germany 2, 619, 622Conroy, Pat
Beach Music 3, 105conscience
Levinas, Emmanuel, the Holocaust and the logicof witness 2, 98±113
consciencious objectionJehovah's Witnesses, execution of 1, 503
Constantinescu, Emil 1, 816contributor biographies 3, 867±915Cook, Blanche Wiesen 2, 349Cooke, Steven
Imperial War Museum, new Holocaustexhibition at 3, 590±606
Cooper, Rabbi Abraham 2, 853Coppa, Frank J.
two Popes and the Holocaust 2, 396±412Corn, Alfred 3, 728, 730Corneille, Roland de 2, 565Corni, Gustavo
diaries and memoirs from the Jewishghettos 1, 211±29
Cornwall, John 2, 669Cornwallis, Sir Kinahan 1, 575Cornwell, John
Hitler's Pope 2, 460±61, 462, 464, 465, 467,471, 474, 475, 477, 479±80
corruptionNational Socialism and 1, 613±29
Cory, Mark 3, 773Coughlin, Rev. Charles 2, 401, 407Council of Christians and Jews (CCJ) 2, 545±6,
550±51, 576Courable, Stephanie 1, 873Cracow
hidden children 3, 53±4Crane, Stephen
The Red Badge of Courage 1, 785Crawford, Robert 3, 594Crews, Frederick 1, 875Crichton, Michael 1, 871Crimean Tatars
deportation of 1, 113, 122Cripps, Sir Stafford 3, 9Croatia
Dayton Accords, benefits from 1, 62Holocaust in 1, 514; 3, 143Jasenovac, destruction of memorial museum
at 1, 51neo-Nazis 1, 51
Crowther, Bosley 3, 486crucifixion
Holocaust victims of symbols of 3, 271Cunz, Martin 2, 719±20Curacao visas 2, 272±3Curci, Carlo 2, 461Cytryn, Abram 1, 217, 222
922 Index
Czech Republicrestitution of Nazi-looted art 2, 900±904
Czech, Danuta 1, 330; 3, 843Czerniakow, Adam 1, 193±4, 195, 216, 220, 223,
292, 294, 299, 491
DachauDachau-Lied 3, 809Elkes, Elkhanan 1, 283euthanasia programme in 2, 202slave labour 1, 165
Dadrian, V. 1, 94, 95Dagan, Batsheva 3, 446, 586±7Daghani, Arnold 3, 205±27Daimler-Benz
slave labour, use of 1, 170Dallapiccola, Luigi 3, 811D'Amato, Senator Alfonse 1, 816; 2, 847, 848Damon, William 2, 327±8Dancy, Eric 1, 639Danieli, Yael
international responses to trauma 3, 63±77Danielsson, Sarah
Sven Hedin, a Swedish apologist for the ThirdReich 1, 630±44
Danilov, Vladimir 1, 890Dank, Barry 3, 454Dannecker, Theodor 1, 675Danys, Milda 2, 862Darcissac, Roger 2, 302Darley, J.M. 2, 221Darwish, Shalom 1, 573Daskiewicz, Leszek 2, 276Davenport, Miriam
see Ebel, Miriam DavenportDavid Irving v. Deborah Lipstadt and Penguin Books
see under Irving, DavidDavid, Nicole 1, 6Davidson, S. 3, 48Davies, Alan 2, 183±4, 187, 194, 566, 569, 571Dawidowicz, Lucy 1, 145, 789; 3, 239, 310,
320 n.3, 342, 363Day, Peggy 2, 748De Bavier, Jean 1, 449de Bloany, Paul 3, 174De Decker, L.P.J. 2, 272De Forest, John William 1, 785De Gaulle, Charles
`Holocaust', use of 1, 12De Gaulle, Genevieve 1, 505De Jong, A.M. 2, 275De Jong, Lou 1, 538De Klerk, F.W. 1, 862; 3, 430De Lagarde, Paul 1, 734De Man, Paul 1, 875±6De Pellepoix, Darquier 1, 682De Silva, Cara 1, 255De Sousa Mendes, Aristides 1, 16De Voogt, N.A.G 2, 275
Debord, Guy 3, 383Debus, Kurt 2, 25Deckert, Joseph 1, 736Decourtray, Albert 2, 665Deiters, Ludwig 3, 369Dekanozov, Vladimir 2, 277Delamuraz, Jean-Pascale 3, 472DELASEM 2, 288Delbo, Charlotte 3, 20±21, 503, 504, 572Delmotte, Hans 1, 759±60Delp, Alfred 2, 387Demin, Valerii 1, 887Demjanuk, Ivan [John] 1, 65; 2, 868Demson, David 2, 565denazification
Germany, curtailment of 1, 704Nazi rocket scientists in US 2, 19±27, 33±4
denial 1, 769±???America, the Holocaust and the experience of
radical evil 1, 779±95Armenian genocide 1, 796±812, 879Arrow-Cross exiles 1, 897±910Baltic States 1, 847±57Canada 1, 832±46David Irving v. Deborah Lipstadt and Penguin
Books 1, 773±8, 769±72, 876on the internet 1, 911±25Lipstadt, Deborah
deception, lies and David Irving 1, 769±72Lithuania 1, 847±57Romania 1, 813±831Russia, contemporary antisemitic
propaganda 1, 884±96South Africa 1, 858±69United States 1, 779±95
DenmarkLutheran church 2, 595, 618±34rescue in 1, 533; 2, 265, 323±4survival rate 1, 533
Denning, Lord 2, 846deportation
Bulgarian Jews 1, 462France
children, from UGIF homes 1, 676La grande rafle du Vel d'Hiv 3, 5±7
Soviet Union 1, 113±14, 119±24Third Reich 1, 113±19
Dering, Wladyslaw 1, 284Dering v. Uris 1, 328±9
Derrida, Jacques 2, 164; 3, 201, 704Des Pres, Terrence 1, 402, 805; 2, 98±9; 3, 760,
776Desbuquois, Gustave 2, 384, 402DescheÃnes, Chief Justice Jules
DescheÃnes Commission 1, 702, 708, 711destruction and resistance
assault on the Holy within the human: theHolocaust diaries 1, 481±94
Baghdad, Farhud 1, 570±88
Index 923
destruction and resistance, cont.Bulgarian gypsies 1, 456±65the Dutch record during the Holocaust,
reassessment of 1, 527±42European Jews, quadruple trap of 1, 371±88evasion
Poland and Germany, Jews who passed in 1,589±609
evasionWarsaw ghetto 1, 302±18
Gergely, Gyorgy, endeavours of 1, 439±55Italian Jews and the racial laws 1, 466±80Jehovan's Witnesses 1, 495±511Klemperer, Victor, diaries of 1, 543±51prayers of the Holocaust 1, 389±409resistance and gender 1, 552±69synagogue organs and organ music 1, 410±21Unsdorfer, Rabbi Zalman, and the suffering of
the righteous 1, 422±38Yugoslav Jews fleeting the Holocaust 1,
512±26see also resistance
Deutsche Bank 2, 849Deutschkron, Inge 1, 590±96DeWitt, General John 2, 29dialogue see Jewish-Christian dialoguediaries
ghettos and camps 1, 211±29, 481±94see also Frank, Anne, diary of; Klemperer,
Victor; Ringelblum, Emmanuel and otherindividual diarists
Dibelius, Otto 2, 621Dicker-Brandeis, Friedl 1, 258, 265Dickmann, August 1, 495Dickson, Chief Justice 1, 833, 836±7Dietrich, Donald J. 2, 155, 445
Christianity and the institutionalization ofantisemitism 2, 673±82
Dindo, Richard 3, 469, 471±2Diner, Dan 1, 73; 3, 552±3, 783Dineson, Palle 2, 627Displaced Persons camps
survivors in 3, 93±4Dix, Otto 3, 719Dixon, William 1, 329Dlugi, Lusia 1, 559Dobrowski, Hiena 1, 558doctors
Auschwitz, ethical problems of prisonerdoctors 1, 319±34
Nazi doctors, ethics of 2, 84±5, 92±3, 191±2Nazi euthanasia programme 2, 201±203resistance, role in 1, 279±88Theresienstadt, lectures on medicine 1, 276Warsaw ghetto 1, 191±3
Dodd, William 2, 638Doerris, Hermann 2, 186Dohnanyi, Klaus von 3, 784Dohrmann, August Co. 3, 205
Domonkos, Miksa 1, 439Donat, Alexander
Dachau, liberation of 3, 826Donati, Angelo 3, 144Doneson, Judith 3, 698, 701DoÈnhoff, Marion GraÈfin 3, 415Donin, H. 2, 37, 38±9Donin, Nicholas 2, 440±41Dora
see Mittelbau-DoraDorembus, Helena 1, 491Dorian, Emil 1, 488Dornberger, Walter 2, 22±3Douglas, Lawrence 3, 353±4Doukhan, Jacques
reading the Bible after Auschwitz 2, 683±99Draengerowa, Gusta 1, 216,Dragner, Gusta 1, 556Drancy
commemoration of deportations from 2, 425±6Vel d'Hiv round-up 3, 6
Drapac, Vesna 2, 509, 511, 514±16, 517Dreifuss, Ruth 2, 879Dresden, bombing of 1, 549Dressen, Wolfgang 2, 898, 899±900Drews, Arthur 1, 650±52Dreyer, Carl, Day of Wrath 2, 630Dreyfus, Alfred
CiviltaÁ Cattolica, involvement of in Dreyfuscase 2, 463
Dreyfus affair, music inspired by 3, 811Dror
Warsaw, education during the Nazioccupation 1, 297±8
Drossert, Paul Arthur 2, 500±501Du Thil, Karl Wilhelm 1, 732Dubiel, Helmut 3, 293Dubnov, Simon [Dubnow, Shimon] 1, 131, 771Dubrovsky, Gertrude
Kindertransport and the Cambridge RefugeeChildren's Committee 2, 230±53
Duchamp, Marcel 3, 719Duckwitz, Ferdinand von 2, 619Dueck, Johann 2, 868Duewel, Wilhelm 1, 619Dugin, Alexander 1, 885, 892DuÈhring, Eugen 1, 734±5Duke, David 1, 911; 3, 261Dundes, A 3, 773±4Dunn, Brian 1, 496±7Durkheim, Emile 2, 317 n.17, 330±31DuÈrrenmatt, Friedrich 3, 469DuÈrrfeld, Walter 3, 414±15Dutschke, Rudi 3, 656Duttweiler, Gottlieb 2, 917Dworjetski, Mark 1, 213Dwork, Deborah 3, 79, 343, 351
Eagleburger, Lawrence 2, 850, 877
924 Index
early warning systems, genocide 3, 9, 74East Timor
massacres in 1, 53, 60, 61Ebel, Miriam Davenport 2, 351, 353, 354, 368,
369±70, 371Ebner, Alfred 2, 727, 728±9Ecclestone, Alan 2, 544
The Night Sky of the Lord 2, 556±8Eckardt, Alice 2, 769
Protestant churches, response to the Holocaustfifty years after 2, 533±43
Eckardt, Roy 2, 72, 769, 776; 3, 8Eckmann, Daniel 2, 947Edelman, Marek 1, 142; 3, 443±4Eden, Anthony 1, 382Edinger, Georges 1, 675 ff.Edinger, LeÂon 1, 675education
Jewish children in Nazi Germany 1, 238±9Lodz ghetto 1, 338in Poland during the Nazi occupation 1,
289±301in Theresienstadt 1, 258±78see also Holocaust education
Ehmann, Annegretseminars on the Nazi era and the Holocaust for
professionals 3, 607±16Ehrlich, Richard 1, 260Eichmann, Adolf 1, 118; 2, 56
`blood for lorries' deal 1, 371±88, 904Fry, Varian, fictitious meeting with 2, 375,
n.122Gergely, Gyorgy 1, 440±44Hungarian Jews, negotiations for rescue of 1,
371±88Hungary, `Final Solution' in 1, 173, 200Jewish emigration, responsibility for (1938) 2,
232Sinti and Roma, deportation of 3, 668trial of 1, 714, 2, 219;
Israel, impact in 3, 96±7and publication of Holocaust memoirs 3,169
Wannsee Conference 3, 610Eicke, Theodor 1, 173Einsatzgruppen 1, 135Eisenhower, Milton
Japanese Americans, evacuation of 2,30±31
Eisenmann, Peter 3, 293, 837Eisenmenger, Johannes 2, 828Eisenstat, Stuart 2, 953Eisner, Jack 1, 217Eisner, Kurt 2, 466Eissler, Kurt 2, 932Eitinger, L. 3, 48Eizenstat, Stuart 2, 847Elbaz, Andre 3, 682Elekdag, SuÈkruÈ 1, 799
Elhai, Jacob 3, 143Eli, Yaakov 1, 340, 345±6Eliach, Yaffa 1, 6, 397, 405, 879Elicofon, Edward 2, 955Eliot, T.S.
The Waste Land 1, 790±91Elkes, Elkhanan 1, 282±3Elkins, Stanley 1, 104Elliott, Jane 2, 218Ellis, Marc 3, 505
remembering the Holocaust and the future ofJewish life at the dawn of the 21stcentury 3, 266±82
Ellul, Jacques 2, 93±4Elman, Richard 3, 752ElsaÈsser, Josef 3, 216, 219±22Emerson, Ralph Waldo 1, 781Emry, Sheldon 1, 913Englaender, Rosa 1, 265±6Episcopal Church, USA 2, 534, 536Epstein, Eliyahu 1, 573, 579Epstein, Helen 1, 6; 3, 79, 83, 102, 117, 124Epstein, Leslie 3, 707Ericksen, Robert P 1, 506; 2, 193±4Ernest, Stefan 1, 310Eron, L. 2, 222Erony, Susan 3, 774±5Esack, Farid 1, 863Esayan, Zapel 3, 820±21, 822, 824ethical choices
administrative evil: remembering the past andforgetting the future 2, 19±35
Christianity, the Other and the Holocaust 2,180±97
`ethics', `morality' and `responsibility' after theHolocaust 2, 123±32
euthanasia 2, 198±213gemilat chesed at Westerbork 2, 36±53human genetics and 2, 133±45human responsibility in the light of Nazi
ideology 2, 146±61humanitarian choice versus Zyklon B 2,
54±65Levinas, Emmanuel , the Holocaust and the
logic of witness 2, 98±113power, morality of the use of 2, 114±122rescuers and perpetrators 2, 81±97Tikkun Olam and Christian ethics after the
Holocaust 2, 66±80ethical memory
Anne Frank and the American culture war: thesexual politics of Holocaust memory 3,452±65
antisemitism in America today: lessons for thepost-Holocaust era 3, 248±65
Auschwitz at the threshold of themillennium 3, 322±40
Eastern Germany, Holocaust memorials in 3,367±82
Index 925
ethical memory, cont.German identity, the Holocaust and the year
2000 3, 283±95Germany, South Africa and the United
States 3, 420±36Goldhagen, Daniel, significance for children of
Nazi families 3, 410±19the Holocaust as history 3, 358±66Holocaust memory, sexual politics of 3,
452±65and Jewish life, future of 3, 266±82memory, ethics and education
applied research, challenge of 3, 237±47memory, representation and education 3,
231±6`nativizing' the Holocaust 3, 501±12photographs, use and misuse of 3, 341±57Prosono, Marvin
Holocaustmemory, regularizing of 3, 383±93remembering the Holocaust: history, religion
and morality 3, 394±409Soviet veterans, memories of World War II 3,
296±308spatial imagery in Swiss memory discourse 3,
466±77transgenerational memory and the pitfalls of
narrative closure 3, 437±51ethics
after the Holocaust 2, 123±32Aristotelian, and rescue 2, 298±308Auschwitz prisoner doctors 1, 319±34Christian, after the Holocaust 2, 656±60Holocaust and 2, 123±32human genetics and the Holocaust 2,
133±45human responsibility in the light of Nazi
ideology 2, 146±61Levinas, Emmanuel, and the logic of
witness 2, 98±113Levinasian, and rescue 2, 298±308medical
doctors and nurses, role in resistance 1,279±88Auschwitz prisoner doctors 1, 319±34
of Nazi doctors 2, 84±5, 92±3post-Holocaust
the morality of the use of power 2,114±122
power, morality of the use of 2, 114±122and religion 2, 81±97of rescue 2, 81±97, 298±308, 342±3see also ethical choices, ethical memory
ethics and religion 2, 6±841RFTF, Plenary Addresses
Metropolitan Damaskinos, message from 2,3±4Pawlikowski, John T. 2, 6±10Rubenstein, Richard L. 2, 11±16
ethics, anamnestic 2, 780
Ethiopiadisaster, government's response to 3, 69
ethnic cleansing 1, 45former Yugoslavia 1, 59
Ettinger, Elzbieta 3, 754, 756, 757±8, 761±3, 765eugenics
Holocaust and 1, 48Nazi Germany 2, 133±45and Nazi euthanasia programme 2, 199, 202
Europa, Europa (1990) 1, 143euthanasia
Catholic protests against 2, 418discussion of, in Holocaust education for
professionals 3, 612±14Nazi euthanasia programme
cf contemporary debates on physician-assistedsuicide 2, 198±213
Nazis' use of 2, 135Netherlands, contemporary debates in 2,
207±11Evangelical Church, Rhineland
mission to the Jews, reappraisal of 2, 537Evangelical Lutheran Church in America 2,
587±602Missouri Synod 2, 592±600
Evans, Richard 1, 770, 776evasion
`Jewish Catholics' in Warsaw 1, 187±97Poland and Germany, Jews who passed in 1,
589±609`the unexplored continent of Holocaust
historiography' 1, 302±18Everett, Robert A. 2, 547
Tikkun olan and Christian ethics after theHolocaust 2, 66±80
Evlogy, Metropolitan 2, 481±92Ezrahi, Sidra 3, 761
Fabian, Bela 1, 440Fackenheim, Emil 1, 141, 389, 396, 403, 404,
482, 486; 2, 8, 66, 147, 419, 533, 685, 689,690, 732, 776±7, 778, 781, 825; 3, 386, 387,503, 574
Tikkun Olam 1, 403±4; 3, 275±6United Church of Canada, honorary doctorate
awarded by 2, 567±8Faenza, Andrea da 2, 834Fainshtein, Ayzik 3, 304Fajerstajn, Rosa 3, 172, 182±3Fajner, Rabbi Josef 1, 339±41Falk, Adalbert 1, 646Falstein, L. 1, 282Fandel, Thomas 2, 494Fankhauser, Hans 2, 956Farhud, Baghdad, 1941 1, 570±88Farrakhan, Louis 3, 257, 258, 261Farrow, John 2, 130Fasching, Darrell 2, 704±5, 782±3
ethics without choice 2, 81±97
926 Index
fascismJews in Italy and racial laws 1, 466±80Pius XI's hostility to 2, 400±406Vatican's attitude towards 2, 396±412
Faulhaber, Cardinal 2, 385, 418, 428, 457, 473,503, 668
Faulkner, William 3, 420Faurisson, Robert 1, 678, 774, 797, 798, 833, 870Fawcett, Charles 2, 351, 354Feder, Rabbi 1, 269Fein, Helen
Holocaust, use of to misunderstandgenocide 1, 43±54
Feiner, Leon 1, 312Feinstein, Stephen 3, 775
pushing the limits of artistic representation: theonly way to go? 3, 718±38
Fejkiel, Wladyslaw 1, 319, 323, 324Feldman, Jacky 3, 555Felman, Shoshana 3, 502, 562, 571FeÂnelon, Fania 1, 248; 3, 808Fenigsen, Richard 2, 207Fentress, James 3, 232Ferencz, Benjamin 1, 163, 164, 178Ferguson, Niall 1, 789Ferkiss, Victor 2, 7, 146Fest, Joachim 1, 144; 2, 390Fetterley, Judith 2, 788Fetterolf, Christian 2, 325Fiala, Ferenc 1, 898, 899, 906Fichte, J.G. 1, 731; 2, 173±4, 627Filler, Deborah 3, 773film
A Call to Remember 3, 745±7Address Unknown 3, 698Because of that War 3, 549Black Thursday 3, 700concentration camps, liberation of 3, 482±5Day of Wrath 2, 630Der Golem 3, 693±4Diary of Anne Frank 3, 699The Distant Journey 3, 699documentary 3, 478±500
second generation 3, 105Enemies: A Love Story 3, 743±5Europa, Europa 1, 143The Great Dictator 3, 698GruÈningers Fall 3, 471±2Holocaust, early documentary film of 3,
478±500Holocaust, humour in representation of 3,
769±78Holocaust, portrayal of 3, 691±703Jud SuÈss 3, 696±7Kapo 3, 700The Last Stop 3, 699The Last Days 3, 479Life is Beautiful 1, 782; 3, 403, 479, 770±71Madame Rosa 3, 739±41
film, cont.The Mortal Storm 3, 698Mr. Death 1, 876New Land 3, 96The Pawnbroker 3, 699±700Schindler's List 1, 57, 782; 2, 952; 3, 96, 479,
507, 508, 564, 591, 700±701second generation, representation of 3, 104±6Shine 3, 99Shoah 3, 97The Shop on Main Street 3, 699Sophie's Choice 3, 747±9The Specialist 1, 876Substance of Fire 3, 99The Summer of Aviya 3, 96, 741±3survivors, portrayal of 3, 95±6, 93±107Theresienstadt 1, 274Third Reich 3, 694±7Voyage of the Damned 3, 700Weimar Republic, portrayal of Jews in
cinema 3, 692±4women survivors, portrayal of 3, 739±50
film, documentary 3, 478±500Final Solution 1, 134±36
Christian doctrine and 2, 814±49collaboration with 1, 138exterminationist mentality and 1, 740±44and genocide 1, 43±54ghettoization and, in Hungary 1, 206±8Nazi goals and historical realities 1, 133±5Operation Reinhard 1, 688±701slave labour 1, 163±86slave labour, incompatability with 1, 169±70Wannsee Conference 1, 117; 3, 609
Fine, Ellenintergenerational memories: hidden children and
the second generation 3, 78±92Fini, Leonor 2, 359Fink, Ida 3, 408, 572
`A description of a morning' 3, 553Finta, Imre 1, 703, 877Fiorenza, Bishop Joseph 2, 437Fischer, Eugen 1, 738±9, 741Fischer, Martha 3, 219, 220Fisher, Geoffrey, Archbishop of Canerbury 2, 546Fisher, Joseph 1, 676Fiske, Alan 2, 311Fittko, Hans and Lisa 2, 352, 356±7Flannery, Edward 2, 182, 565, 725Fleischmann, Karel 1, 272±3Fleischner, Eva 3, 565±6Flinker, Moshe 1, 487±8; 3, 828FlossenbuÈrg memorial centre 3, 378Flums, Bishop 2, 629Foerster, Wilhelm 1, 646Fogelman, Eva 2, 222, 223, 226; 3, 48, 59, 117
psychological myths about generations of theHolocaust 3, 93±107
Folman, Mark 1, 298
Index 927
Fontheim, Ernest 1, 590±96, 604±5food talk 1, 248±57forced labour 1, 166
Germany 1, 593±5gypsies, Bulgaria 1, 459±60Miklailowka camp, Ukraine 3, 205±27Minsk ghetto 1, 156±7
Ford, Gerald 3, 429Ford, Henry
Dearborn Independent, antisemitism of 2, 635Forel, August 1, 649Forrest, A.C. 2, 561, 564±70Fortunoff Video Archive, Yale University 3, 130,
189±204Foster, Reginald S. 1, 374Foucault, Michel 2, 103Foundation for Interreligious and Intercultural
Research and Dialogue, Geneva 2, 3±4Fourcade, Marie-Madeleine 3, 764Foxman, Abraham H. 2, 879; 3, 729
We Remember, response to 2, 429France
banks, restitution claims against 2, 849Catholic bishops' statements 2, 381, 425±7,
669±70, 781; 3, 6Catholic church, treatment of the Jewish
question during Vichy 2, 509±30Drancy, Bishop's apology 2, 669±70; 3, 6Jews, deportation of 3, 5±7lawyers, treatment of the Jewish question during
Vichy 2, 509±17Oeuvre de Secours aux Enfants (OSE) 2, 283,
287rescue 2, 265; 3, 7
Le Chambon sur Lignon see ChambonFry, Varian 2, 347±76Skobtsova, Mother Maria 2, 483±4
survivors 1, 533UGIF (Union GeÂneÂrale des IsraeÂlites de
France) 1, 674±87Vel d'Hiv roundup 2, 483; 3, 5±7Vichy France 2, 425±6
Catholic church 2, 509±30lawyers 2, 509±17the UGIF 1, 674±87
Frank, Annedeath of 1, 284±5in hiding 1, 535
Frank, Anne, ExhibitionPoland, reception in 3, 688South Africa 1, 865USA 3, 456±61
Frank, Anne, Diary of 1, 10, 537; 3, 431deniers' attacks on authenticity of 1, 872Holocaust memory, sexual politics of 3,
452±65music based on 3, 812Poland, reception in 3, 684±90stage adaptation of 3, 563±4, 687
Frank, Emil 1, 419Frank, Hans 1, 168; 3, 486, 487Frank, Karl 2, 349Frank, Otto 1, 872Frank, Shlomo 1, 218, 490Frankl, Victor 1, 252, 258, 262, 277, 546;
3, 94Franz, Kurt 1, 693; 3, 864Franz, Victor 1, 648Frederic, Vsevolod 2, 490Fredj, Jacques 1, 676Freed, Maya 3, 82Freeman, Joseph and Helen 3, 400±401Frei, Norbert 3, 421, 657±8Freire, Paulo 3, 622, 624±6Fresco, Nadine 3, 83Freud, Anna 3, 48Freud, Sigmund
`narcissism of minor differences' 1, 36humour, role of 3, 771±2
Freudenheim, Tom 3, 294, 839Freudiger, Pinchas 1, 302Freund, Emil 2, 901, 903Freundmann, Lillian 2, 446Frick, Wilhelm 2, 199Fricke, Harald 3, 734Frid, Grigory 3, 812Fride, Bernard 1, 678Fried, Erich 3, 416Fried, Norbert 1, 259Friedlander, Albert 1, 391±2; 2, 100, 103, 555
German identity, the Holocaust and theyear 2000 3, 283±95
Friedlander, Henry 2, 202; 3, 564±5, 618, 627Friedlander, Saul 1, 618, 734; 2, 54, 363, 364,
517, 518, 625; 3, 22, 79, 80, 81, 444±5,854
Friedman, Hugo 1, 264Friedman, Paul 3, 94Friedman, Tuvia 3, 109Friedrich, Ruth Andreas 1, 549Fries, Jakob 1, 731±2Frisch, Max 3, 469Fritz, Maureena 2, 722FroÈlicher, Hans 2, 911Froment, Pascale 1, 678Fromm, Erich 2, 165±71Fromm, Ernst 2, 497, 500±501Fromm, Herbert 1, 412±13FruÈhauf, Tina
the destructions of a cultural tradition: organsand organ music in the synagogue 1,410±21
Fry, Varian 1, 16; 2, 347±76Fuchs, Esther
women survivors in cinema 3, 739±50Fuller, Buckminster 2, 7Fullerton, Hugh S. 2, 356, 361Funk, Walter 1, 633, 634
928 Index
Funke, Hajo 1, 776
Gabriel, Richard 2, 325Gager, John 2, 182Gal, Reuven 2, 325Galant, Mera 3, 304Galen, Bishop Clemens August von 3, 18±19Galicia
Jews of, murder in Belzec 1, 169Gallant, Mary
social dimensions of rescue in the Holocaust 2,254±70
Gammon, Mark E.method in Christian moral theology after the
Holocaust 2, 700±709Gamzon, Robert 1, 685Gandhi, Mahatma
Buber, correspondence with 2, 120Ganor, Solly 1, 219Gans, Eduard 3, 284Garaudy, Roger 1, 818Garbe, Detlef 1, 499Gartsman, Semen 3, 305Gary, Romain 1, 141Gaspari, Cardinal Pietro 2, 464, 469±70gassing
see also Zyklon-Bgassing
Bernburg 3, 172gay and lesbian movement
Holocaust memory, USA 3, 453, 454±8,462±3
Gayevski, Stanislaw 1, 194±5Gebsattel, General von 1, 737Gedraitiene, A. 1, 855Geeertz, Clifford 2, 182±3Gelbert, Doug 1, 786Gemahling, Jean 2, 351±2, 358Gemelli, Fr. Francescini 2, 405±6Gemilat Chesed
and moral behaviour at Westerbork 2,36±53
Gemmeker, Albert KonradCommandant, Westerbork 2, 43, 45, 46, 50
genderin the Holocaust 1, 230±47, 552±69; 3,
704±717Holocaust memory, sexual politics of 3,
452±65in Holocaust studies 3, 19±20and resistance 1, 552±69women, particularity of victimization of 3,
568±9women's Holocaust writing 3, 751±68
genetic researchGerman attitudes towards 2, 133±45
geneticsNazi science and 1, 661; 2, 133±45
Geneva Conventions 3, 69
Genger, Angela 3, 367Genizi, Haim
United Church of Canada and the State ofIsrael, impact of the Holocaust on 2,561±74
genocideArmenian 1, 25±8, 44, 45, 61, 65, 94, 95 f,
739 796±812,Armenian, denial of 1, 796±812Armenian, cf Holocaust 3, 317±18avoidance of through education 1, 17Bauer, Yehuda: RFTF 2000, Opening
Address 1, 21±24Bosnia 1, 43, 44, 45, 51Cambodia 1, 44changing attitudes to the `European-ness' of the
Holocaust 1, 130±52comparative 1, 29±42, 90±112
race and nation under Nazi and Sovietpower 1, 113±29
definition of 1, 21±24, 98±99early warning signs 1, 46; 3, 9Final Solution and 1, 43±54Gypsies 1, 44, 51, 65; 3, 664±73Hereros, German South West Africa 1, 44,
738±9Holocaust, use of to misunderstand
genocide 1, 43±54literary responses to 3, 814±30memory, rationalization of 2, 19modernity of 1, 25±28Nazi and Soviet practice of 1, 113±29the `numbers game' 1, 30±32paradigm of, to explain the Holocaust 1,
47±49prevention of 1, 22±24Realpolitik, triumph of 2, 129remembering for the future, engaging with the
present 1, 55±70Rwanda 1, 26, 43, 44, 45, 46, 53, 59, 91,
99±100, 101; 3, 9, 245, 426±7Sinti and Roma 1, 44, 51, 65; 3, 664±73Stalin's elimination of Kulaks distinguished
from 1, 108±9Swiss neutrality in times of 1, 71±8920th-century victims of 1, 53United Nations Convention on 1, 800victims of, 1988± 1, 60±61war, distinction from 1, 104±6We Remember, passages on genocide 2,
457±8Western responses to, 1988± 1, 61±64
Gerasimovic, Ivan 1, 517Gergely, Gyorgy
endeavours of, 1940±45 1, 439±55Gerhard, Georgine 2, 285Gerlach, Christian 1, 12, 13, 135Gerlier, Cardinal 2, 426, 520German Research Council (DFG) 1, 658
Index 929
GermanyAuschwitz memory, problems of 2, 777±80banks, restitution claims against 2, 849Catholic bishops' statement (1995) 2, 381,
669±70, 781, 780, 781±2Catholic church, acquiescence in Nazism 2,
430Catholic church, Unsere Hoffnung 2, 780Historikerstreit 1, 94; 3, 292±3, 371Holocaust, generational attitudes to 3, 652±63Holocaust memorials 3, 367±82, 779±86Holocaust memorials, eastern Germany 3,
367±82Holocaust memory 3, 283±95, 410±19,
420±36, 779±86Nazi families, significance of Daniel Goldhagen
for children of 3, 410±19Neo-Nazism 3, 284post-Holocaust theology 2, 760±74revisionism 1, 808Swiss restitution claims in 2, 907±22war crimes trials 2, 727
Germany, Easternconcentration camp memorials 3, 367±82
Gerron, Kurt 3, 807±8Gerstein, Kurt 2, 58±63, 188Gerstenfeld, Manfred 1, 534, 538, 540Gestetner, S. 2, 237Geyer, Michael 1, 124Ghetto Fighters 3, 546Ghetto Fighters' Museum 2, 805; 3, 26±7, 28ghettos
assault on the Holy within the human: theHolocaust diaries 1, 481±94
Bratislava 1, 422±38Budapest 1, 198±210child survivors, restitution requirements for 2,
931±2diaries and memoirs 1, 211±29, 481±94doctors and nurses, role in 1, 280±83film of 3, 478±500historiography 1, 211±12Lodz, religion and religious institutions 1,
335±51madness in 1, 486±7Minsk 1, 154±62mothers and children in 1, 230±47resistance 1, 221
women in 1, 556starvation in 1, 248 f.Warsaw 1, 596±8
education in 1, 289±301evading the Holocaust 1, 302±18medical care 1, 280±83; see also underWarsaw ghetto
Giado camp 3, 145Gil'ad, Ja'akov 3, 549Gilbert, Martin 1, 9; 3, 345, 349, 445
Opening Address, RFTF 2000 1, 5±7
Gilligan, Carol 2, 48, 86±7Gillis-Carlebach, Miriam
Jewish mothers and their children during theHolocaust 1, 230±47
Gilman, Sander L. 3, 731Ginzburg, Carlo 1, 917Gitelman, Zvi
Soviet Jewish veterans remember World WarII 3, 296±308
Giuliani, Massimothe Shoah and the Christian drama of
redemption 2, 710±24Gizycki, Georg von 1, 646Glagolev, Alexey 2, 489Glassbrenner, Louis 3, 222Glatzer, Nahum 2, 737Glazar, Richard, 3, 109, 503Glemp, Cardinal Jozef 2, 664±5; 3, 326Glick, David 3, 396Glik, Hirsh 3, 827Globocnik, Odilo 1, 169, 170, 691, 695Godlewski, Father Marceli 1, 311Goebbels, Joseph 1, 133±6, 175, 415, 619, 736,
742±3; 2, 389, 494film, use of 3, 694±6
Goettsche, Claus 1, 619±20Gold, Mary Jayne 2, 348, 351, 353±5, 368Goldberg, Michael 3, 505Goldenberg, Myrna
`food talk' 1, 248±57Goldhagen, Daniel
Hitler's Willing Executioners 1, 33, 34±35, 125,137, 164, 745, 788±9; 2, 177 n.16, 181, 819,869±70, 874±5; 3, 22, 284, 286±7, 345, 410±19, 564, 863±4
Germany, reception in 3, 410±19Lipowa, view of, cf Daghani's 3, 222
Goldmann, Nahum 3, 422Goldschlager, Alain 3, 22, 109±10Goldschmidt, Berthold 3, 680Goldstein, Baron Maurice 3, 339Goldstein, Baruch 3, 277Goldstein, Jonathan
Zwartendijk, Jan, and rescue in Lithuania 2,271±80
Goldstein, Mina 3, 172, 175±7Goldstein, Rebecca
The Mind-Body Problem 3, 712±14Gollancz, Victor 2, 576GoÈnczi, Imre 1, 330, 756±7Goodfriend, Betty 2, 275Goodhart, Sandor 2, 671
Levinas, Emmanuel, and the logic ofwitness 2, 98±113
Goodman v. Searle 2, 952±3, 956±7Goodman, Henry 3, 682Goodman, Walter 1, 786Gordis, David
We Remember, response to 2, 429
930 Index
Gordon, Judah Leib 3, 817GoÈrg, Manfred 2, 762, 766±8GoÈring, Hermann 1, 134, 613, 622, 639±40; 2,
398, 885Gorog, Frigyes 1, 443Gould, Melissa 3, 731±35Gould, Stephen Jay 3, 352±3Gourevitch, Philip 1, 29Goury, Haim
`Inheritance' 3, 554Grabner, Maximilian 1, 763Grabska, Maria 1, 283±4Gradowski, Salmen 1, 483, 484Graetz, Heinrich 2, 550Graff, Gerald 3, 622Grant, John Webster 2, 571±2Grass, GuÈnther 3, 290, 653Graves, Robert 1, 790Gray, His Honour Judge Charles
David Irving v. Deborah Lipstadt and PenguinBooks, judgment in 1, 770, 772, 776±8,878
Grayzel, Solomon 1, 131, 188±9Great Britain
Bahgdad Farhud 1941, response to 1, 574±8Holocaust education 3, 515, 578±89Imperial War Museum, Holocaust
Exhibition 3, 590±606Greece
Holocaust in 3, 142±9survivor testimony 3, 143
Greeley, Father Andrew 2, 459Green, Gerald
Holocaus 3, 97Greenberg, Gershon
Unsdorfer, Shlomo Zalman, on the suffering ofthe righteous 1, 422±38
Greenberg, Irving 2, 7, 75, 94, 117, 148, 156±7,445, 667, 718, 762 802, 807, 831±4
Greenberg, Moshe 2, 750±51Greenberg, Uri Zvi 3, 271, 821Greenblatt, Stephen 3, 695Greenspan, Henry 3, 439±40, 442, 444
Holocaust survivor testimony in the first yearsafter liberation 3, 108±16
Gregorig, Joseph 1, 736Gregory I, Pope 2, 439Gregory XVI, Pope 2, 153Greiser, Arthur 1, 622Grese, Irma 3, 653Grierson, John 3, 480±81Grindea, Carola 3, 207, 208, 225Grindea, Miron 3, 207, 208Grob, Leonard
the morality of the use of power 2, 114±122GroÈber, Archbishop 2, 418Gross, Leonard 1, 302Grossman, Chajka 1, 221Grossman, David 3, 89
Grosz, Bandi 1, 373±85Grosz, George 3, 719Gruber, Mary M.
religious cf. irreligious rescuers 2, 309±18Grueber, Heinrich 2, 623Grujicic, Radan 1, 703, 706Grunbaum, Edith 2, 243±45Grunbaum, Paula 2, 243±45Grundtvig, Nikolai F.S. 2, 626±7GruÈninger, Paul
GruÈningers Fall 3, 471±2, 476Grunwald, Marie 2, 904Gryn, Rabbi Hugo 2, 556; 3, 598, 680Guardini, Romano 2, 9, 149±50Guenther, Hans F K 1, 647Guggenheim, Kurt 1, 83Guggenheim, Paul 2, 909Guggenheim, Sylvain 2, 291Guisan, General Henri 1, 80; 3, 467GuitieÂrrez, Gustavo 2, 677Gulko, Abram 3, 306Gundlach, Gustav 2, 384, 397, 398, 402, 403GuÈnther, Christian 3, 173±4Gurfinkiel-Glocerowa, Sabina 1, 280GuruÈn, Kamuran 1, 797, 801±2, 803Guseva, Natalia 1, 891Gushee, David 2, 705Gutman, Friedrich 2, 953Gutman, Yisrael 1, 279, 293; 3, 825Guttenplan, D.D. 1, 878Gutteridge, Richard 2, 583, 588Gutwirth, Nathan 2, 272Gverz, Esther and Jochen 3, 719Gypsies
Bulgaria, during World War II 1, 456±65genocide of 1, 32, 35, 40 n26, 44, 49, 51, 65; 3,
664±73Lodz ghetto 1, 341; 3, 668memorials 3, 664±73MuÈnch's hatred of 1, 762Nazi persecution of 3, 664±73reparation, exclusion from 3, 665restitution claims 2, 848
Haas, Peter 2, 81±3, 87±8, 90, 150, 459; 3,807
Habel, Norman 2, 748, 749, 751Habermas, JuÈrgen 1, 94; 2, 675; 3, 22, 378Hackel, Sergei 2, 488Haeckel, Ernst 1, 646±8, 649Haffner, DeÂsireÂe 1, 323Haft, Cynthia J. 1, 680Hague Convention 2, 955
and Swiss neutrality 1, 71±72Hahn, Ferdinand 2, 764±6Haibl, Michaela 3, 347Haim, Sylvia 1, 577Hajdenberg, Henri 2, 427Hajkova, Michaela 2, 900, 903±4
Index 931
Halasz, Georgetrauma transmission in survivor families 3,
117±26Hale, Matt 1, 915Hallie, Philip 2, 124, 302HallstroÈm, BjoÈrn 1, 505Hamilton, V 2, 126±8, 218Hammer, Reuven 3, 621Hancock, Ian 1, 49Hanfstaengl, Ernst 2, 366Harder, Albert and Loni 2, 335Harff, Barbara 1, 43Harlan, Veit 3, 696Harnack, Adolf 2, 68±9, 186Harries, Richard 2, 544Harrington, R. and L. 3, 57Harster, Wilhelm 1, 531Hartman, David 2, 7, 704Hartman, Geoffrey 2, 110; 3, 203, 207, 444, 449,
706Hartmann, Eduard von 1, 651Harwood, Richard 1, 774Hasfari, Shmuel 3, 719±20Hashomer Hatzair 1, 298Hasidism, prayers of the Holocaust 1, 396±7Hass, Aaron
survivor testimony, psychological implicationsof 3, 127±34
Hatz, Otto 1, 373, 374Hauer, Jakob Wilhelm 1, 650±52Hauerwas, Stanley 2, 148±9, 703, 706, 783Hauser, Irene 1, 221HaÈuser, Philipp 2, 495Haushild, T 3, 773±4Hausmann, Eric 2, 285Hautval, AdeÂlaõÈde 1, 284, 320, 322, 323, 328±9Havel, Vaclev 1, 546Hayes, Peter 2, 9, 151Haynes, Stephen
university Holocaust education 3, 617±31`witness people myth' 2, 11±12
Hays, Richard 2, 703Heartfield, John 3, 719Heberer, Gerhard 1, 647Hedin, Sven 1, 630±44Hefner, Philip 2, 148Heidegger, Martin 1, 879; 2, 41, 128, 173Heiden, Konrad 2, 365Heiler, Frederick 1, 397±8Heilman, Anna 3, 574Heim, Otto 2, 291Heim, Susanne 1, 137; 3, 361
autarky, contribution of scientists to Nazi searchfor 1, 657±73
Heine, Heinrich 1, 729Heir, Rabbi Marvin 2, 848Helbronner, Jacques 1, 675Helfgott, Ben 1, 6; 3, 593Helldorff, Count 1, 620
Heller, Celia 1, 187, 189Hemingway, Ernest 1, 791Hendel, Yehudit 3, 129Hendin, Herbert 2, 209±10Henney, Arpad 1, 897Heppner, Ernest G. 2, 274±5Herberman, Nanda 3, 17±22Herbert, Ulrich 1, 164, 170Hereros, genocide of 1, 44, 53, 119, 738±9, 741Herman, Judith 2, 929Herman, Stewart W. 2, 635±49Hermansson, Magnus 1, 634±5Hershele, David 1, 219Hershkowitz, Bendet 1, 213Hertz, Chief Rabbi 2, 238±9Herzberger, Dr 1, 755±6Herzl, Theodor 2, 463
Theresienstadt lectures on 1, 267±8Herzog, Rabbi Isaac 1, 521; 2, 290; 3, 27Herzog, Roman 3, 423, 666Heschel, Abraham 2, 76, 443, 628Heschel, Susannah 1, 506
We Remember, response to 2, 431, 432Hess, Rudolf 2, 496Heuss, Anja 2, 896Heydrich, Reinhard 1, 49, 117,134±5, 652, 530,
549, 739, 742; 3, 609Heyman, Eva 1, 483, 486Heymann, Lucie 2, 360Hidden Child Foundation 2, 924hidden children
see under childrenHielscher, Friedrich 1, 343Hilberg,Raul 1, 9, 145, 190, 203, 250±51, 302, 303,
304, 306, 533, 789; 2, 581. 816, 818, 828±9;3, 234, 348, 352, 353, 361, 363, 395, 502
victims, calculation of 1, 30Zundel cases, evidence in 1, 773, 775, 833
Hilferding, Rudolf 2, 357Hill, Geoffrey 3, 841Hillesum, Etty 1, 399; 2, 50; 3, 572Hilty, Carl 1, 74Himler, Martin 1, 908Himmler, Heinrich 1, 113±14, 613, 623±5,
742±3; 2, 390, 885; 3, 502camps, organization of 1, 165, 169forced labour, use of 1, 165, 169, 174free religious movement, encouragement of 1,
649, 651gassing, `humaneness' of 2, 55, 56Hedin, Sven, meeting with 1, 638Jehovah's Witnesses, admiration for dedication
of 1, 501Jewish property, appropriation of 1, 623±4Peenemunde, visit to 2, 25Pius XII, negotiations with 2, 406RavensbruÈck, negotiations for release of
prisoners to Sweden 3, 173±4scientific research, patronage of 1, 658, 659, 662
932 Index
Himmler, Heinrich, cont.Sinti and Roma, deportation of 3, 668, 669SS leaders, Posen speech to 1, 31
Hinkel, Hans 1, 411, 412Hirsch, David
America, the Holocaust and the experience ofradical evil 1, 779±95
Hirsch, Emmanuel 2, 621, 628Hirsch, Herbert
`ethics', `morality' and `responsibility' after theHolocaust 2, 123±32
Hirschberg, Siegmund 1, 418Hirschfeld, Magnus 1, 650Hirschman, Albert 2, 352, 356, 357, 367Hirschprung, Pinhas 2, 275Hirsch-Sommer, Martha 1, 414Hirshman, Ira 1, 381Hirszfeld, Dr Ludwig 1, 281
Jewish Health Council, Warsaw Ghetto 1,190±91, 192±4, 196
historiansdenial, role in disproving 1, 773±8, 769±72
Historikerstreit 1, 94; 3, 292±3, 371historiography
Historikerstreit 1, 94; 3, 292±3, 371evasion, as unexplored continent of Holocaust
historiography 1, 302±18Holocaust photographs, use of 3, 341±57Holocaust, as history 3, 358±66Soviet, of the Holocaust 3, 298±300
Hitler, Adolfantisemitism, roots of 1, 119Armenian genocide, memory of 1, 7, 739and the Catholic church 2, 472±4euthanasia programme 2, 200Final Solution 1, 48, 49Herero extermination, familiary with 1, 739Jews, prophecy of annihilation of 1, 117Poles, planned slaughter of 1, 49political testament 2, 55women, opposition to political activity of 1,
554±5Hoare, Sir Samuel 2, 235Hobbes, Thomas 3, 421Hoche, Alfred 2, 199Hocherman, Rachel 3, 175, 180±82Hochhuth, Rolf, The Deputy 2, 384, 406, 461,
582Hoenig, Samuel 2, 526Hoess, Rudolf 1, 763
trial of 3, 486Hoff, Peter P. 3, 781Hoffman, Detlef 3, 370Hoffman, Eva 3, 121±2, 309±10Hoffman, M.L. 2, 329Hoffman, Michael 1, 871, 919±20Hoffmann, Camill 1, 272Hofstede, Geert 2, 310±11Hoheisel, Horst 3, 719, 779±86
Holborn, Hajo 2, 621Holcinger, Robert 1, 534Holland see NetherlandsHolland, Norman 3, 569Holocaust 3, 437±51
Americanization of 3, 309±21, 452±3, 564, 684art
Daghani, Arnold 3, 205±27; see also underart
art, theft ofsee Nazi-looted art
Balkans 3, 142±9Baltic States 1, 847±57banalization of 1, 57Belarus 1, 154±62; 2, 863±4Bible, interpretative links with 2, 12±13British government's failure to act 2, 577±8Bulgaria 3, 143Catholic Church and 2, 152±6, 396±412,
413±24, 455±80,Christian ethics and 2, 413±24, 700±709,
710±24circumstances provoking 1, 116concept of 3, 384±5Croatia 3, 143decision-making process 1, 13±14, 33denial
see below under Holocaust denialdoctors
resistance, role in 1, 279±88documentary films, early 3, 478±500Dutch record, reassessment of 1, 527±42`European-ness' of 3, 684evasion of 1, 302±18explanations of 3, 362±3films depicting
see under filmgender and 3, 751±68generational attitudes in Germany 3, 652±63genocide, use to misunderstand 1, 43±54groups targeted by 1, 29±42historians and 1, 773±8historians' role in recording 1, 769±72historiography 3, 358±66
photographs, use and misuse of 3, 341±57homosexual victims of 3, 454human responsibility in the light of Nazi
ideology 2, 146±61humour in representation of 3, 769±78interpretation of
German-Jewish philosophers 2, 162±79Germany, Historikerstreit 1, 94Levinas, Emmanuel 2, 98±113; 3, 318±20
Jesuit victims of 2, 385, 387and Jewish identity 3, 266±82and political corruption 1, 613±29Libya 3, 144±5literature 3, 78±92, 751±68, 814±30Lithuania 2, 862±3
Index 933
Holocaust, cont.memorials
Auschwitz 3, 237±47; see also underAuschwitz
Berlin 3, 293±4, 781Beth Shalom Holocaust Memorial Centre,UK 3, 832Birkenau 3, 239, 240±42Buchenwald 3, 368±79Cape Town Holocaust Centre 1, 866Coral Gables, Florida 3, 832Eastern Germany 3, 367±82Imperial War Museum, London 3,590±606Hoheisel and Knitz 3, 781±2Kassell 3, 779±81Lithuania 1, 852RavensbruÈck 3, 368±79Sachsenhausen 3, 368±79Sinti and Roma 3, 671±2United States Holocaust Memorial Museumq.v.Yad Vashem q.v.
memoryfuture of 3, 383±93Germany 3, 410±19history, religion and morality 3, 394±409Israel 3, 545±61nativization of 3, 501±12Pisar, Samuel on 1, 15±17public repentance, Germany, South Africaand the United States 3, 420±36sexual politics of 3, 452±65Switzerland 2, 880; 3, 466±77,transgenerational memory and the pitfalls ofnarrative closure 3, 437±51United Church of Canada, attitude to State ofIsrael 2, 561±74Wiesel, Elie on 1, 8±11
memory, representation and education 3,231±6
mothers and children in 1, 230±47museums 3, 161, 505±8, 590±608, 831±40; see
also under individual museumsmusic 3, 680±83, 804±13
synagogue organs, destruction of 1,410±21
normative comparisons of 1, 90±112North Africa 3, 144±5Norway 3, 406±7photographs, use and misuse of 3, 341±57poetry representing 3, 784±803, 841±53Poland 2, 870Poland, attitudes to 3, 525±44and political corruption 1, 613±29Pope Pius XI and 2, 396±412Pope Pius XII and 2, 396±412prayers of 1, 389±409rape, absence of in Nazis attacks on Jews 1, 45
Holocaust, cont.religion and ethics, continuing challenge to 2,
6±10remembrance 3, 266±82
Germany 3, 283±95, 367±82Israel 3, 545±61in music 3, 680±83, 804±13literature, American 3, 704±717memory, representation and education 3,231±6poetry 3, 841±53see also under art; film
representation, pushing the limits of 3, 718±38rescue, see under rescuerestitution see under restitutionrevisionism 1, 813±831, 847±57; see also
Holocaust denialRomania 1, 813±14`slaughter of the innocents' 1, 32±34Soviet leadership's responses to 1, 355±70Soviet Union 1, 154±62
Jewish veterans, memories of 3, 296±308survival rate
Netherlands 1, 532±33survivors see under survivorsSwiss victims of 2, 907±22synagogue organs, destruction of 1, 410±21term, use of 1, 12±13; 2, 869±70; 3, 362±3, 524uniqueness of 1, 29±42, 58, 92 ff.; 2, 11±16United States, response to 1, 779±95universalization of 3, 266±82usage of term 1, 12±13; 2, 869±70; 3, 362±3,
524Vatican and 2, 396±412victims, number of 1, 29±31women in 1, 230±47; 3, 568women's writing on 3, 814±30, 751±68Yugoslavia 3, 143
Holocaust (TV series) 1, 57; 3, 97, 478, 564, 655Germany, reception in 3, 422and publication of Holocaust memoirs 3, 169
Holocaust Assets Commission (US) 2, 957±8Holocaust denial 1, 8±11, 773±8, 769±72; 3,
248±9, 256±7, 360±61Armenian genocide 1, 796±812Arrow Cross emigration 1, 897±910Baltic States 1, 847±57David Irving v. Deborah Lipstadt and Penguin
Books 1, 773±8, 769±72Institute for Historical Review 1, 870, 879, 919internet 1, 911±25Ku Klux Klan 1, 870, 875Leuchter, Fred 1, 870, 871, 872±3, 876±7Lithuania 1, 847±57Novick, Peter, moral relativism of 3, 311±12on the internet 1, 840±41, 873±5Romania 1, 815, 816, 817`soft denial', Christian churches and 3, 8South Africa 1, 858±69
934 Index
Holocaust denial, cont.`the spectre of irrationalism at the
Millennium' 1, 870±83ZuÈndel, Ernst 1, 773±8
Holocaust education 3, 431±2Canada 3, 41Great Britain 3, 578±89Holocaust, presentation of 3, 15±23Imperial War Museum, Holocaust
exhibition 3, 590±606Israel 3, 545±61memory, representation and education 3,
231±6pedagogy and content, issues of 3, 578±89Poland 3, 220±41, 525±44, 684±90professionals, seminars on the Nazi era for 3,
607±16RFTF 2000 Plenary addresses
Burke, Deirdre M. 3, 515±19Imber, Shulamit 3, 520±21Littell, Marcia Sachs 3, 522±4
Simon Wiesenthal Center EducationalProgramme 3, 525±44
United Kingdom 3, 515, 578±89United States 3, 562±77, 617±31universities 3, 617±31videotestimony and 3, 189±204Yad Vashem 3, 521, 578±89
Holocaust Literature Research Institute,Canada 3, 109±10
Holocaust Memorial Day, Israel 3, 394, 550Holt, Niles
the `churchless' and the Nazi search forjustification 1, 645±56
Homolka, Rabbi Walter 3, 286±7homosexuals, persecution of 1, 36; 3, 454Hondius, Dienke
Amsterdam, survivors' return to 3, 135±41Horathy, Regent 2, 668Horkheimer, Max 2, 163, 776Hornus, Jean-Michel 2, 186Horon, Hannah 3, 172, 177±80Horowitz, Sarah 3, 568±9Horsnhoj-Moeller, Stig 1, 134Horthy, Miklos 1, 374, 814, 897, 901, 903; 2,
467±8hospice volunteers, motivation of 2, 328±9HoÈss, Rudolf 2, 56, 771
Jewish women in Auschwitz, description of 1,241±2
Jehovah's Witnesses, admiration for dedicationof 1, 501
Hovannisian, Richarddenial, the Armenian genocide as prototype 1,
796±812Howil, Boguslaw 2, 334±5Howse, Ernest M. 2, 561, 563±4Huber, Kurt 3, 275Huberband, Shimon 1, 393, 485
Hudal, Alois 2, 431Huerta, Carlos. C. 1, 872Huesmann, L. 2, 222Hughes, Robert 3, 231Huguenots, and rescue 2, 302HuÈllenkremer, Marie 2, 896human genetics
Holocaust and 2, 133±45Human Genome Project
Nazi racial hygiene, relationship with 2,141±2
Humani Generis Unitassee under Vatican
humourin representation of the Holocaust 3, 769±78in Theresienstadt 1, 264±5
Hundt-Radowsky, Hartwig 1, 731±2Hungary
Arrow-Cross emigration, antisemitic writingsof 1, 897±910
`blood for lorries' 1, 371±2Brand-Grosz rescue mission 1, 371±88Budapest ghetto, changing shape of 1,
198±210Eichmann, Adolf 1, 173, 374Gergely, Gyorgy
endeavours of 1, 439±55Holocaust, Bishops' statement condemning
(1994) 2, 540International Red Cross 1, 449±52Jewish Council 1, 442±4Jews, deportation of
Soviet Union refusal to condemn 1, 363Himmler moderating to conciliate Allies 1,174Soviet Union's refusal to condemn 1, 363
Nazi occupation 1, 374 frescue attempts
Gergely, Gyorgy 1, 439±55Wallenberg, Raoul 1, 444±6war crimes trials 1, 909
Hunsche, Otto 1, 443Hunter, James Davison 3, 453Hutter, Shang
Shoah, or Wo liegt Auschwitz 3, 472±3Huygens, Daniel Johannes 1, 534Huyssen, Andreas 3, 190, 231Hyatt, Felicien Berland 1, 221
I.G. Farben 2, 21; 3, 414±15Auschwitz, factory at 1, 666±7forced labour, use of 1, 176, 593MuÈnch, Hans, deposition of 1, 752
Iliescu, President 1, 816Iliukhin, Viktor 1, 892Imber, Shulamit
Holocaust education, future directions in 3,520±21
Imhof, Peter 3, 469
Index 935
Imperial War Museum, London, HolocaustExhibition 2, 576; 3, 590±606
Daghani archive, inability to accept 3, 207Independent Commission of Experts,
Switzerland 2, 847, 858 n.40, 876, 945Innitzer, Cardinal 2, 400Innocent III, Pope
Licet perfidia Judaeorum 2, 416Insdorf, Annette 3, 99Institute for Historical Review 1, 870, 879, 919Institute of Turkish Studies
Armenian genocide, relativation of 1, 806±7insurance companies
restitution claims against 2, 877interfaith dialogue
see Jewish-Christian dialogueInternational Commission on Holocaust Era
Insurance Claims 2, 850±51International Conference on the Holocaust and
Genocide (1982) 1, 807International Council of Christians and Jews 2,
534International Criminal Court 1, 58±59, 91; 3, 71international law
and punishment of the perpetrators 2,123±4
International Red Cross 3, 70±71Hungary 1, 449±52RavensbruÈck survivors, rescue of 3, 172±88Theresienstadt visit 3, 805±6Yugoslav Jews, aid to 1, 516
internetantisemitism on 1, 911±25Holocaust denial 1, 840±41, 873±5, 911±25neo-Nazis 1, 912Odinism 1, 917racism 1, 911±25
Inuzuka, Koreshige 2, 14Ioanid, Radu
Romania, revisionism in 1, 813±831Ioann, Archimandrite 2, 481±2Iraq
Kurds, attacks on 1, 59, 62Iraq
Farhud, 1941 1, 570±88; 3, 144Irving, David 1, 870, 871, 884
David Irving v. Deborah Lipstadt and PenguinBooks 1, 773±8, 769±72, 876, 878
Hitler, Adolf, apology for 1, 774Holocaust denial on the inernet 1, 919in South Africa 1, 865
Isaac, Jules 2, 670, 733, 815, 817, 820, 825Isaacs, Diane
(with Grace Caporino) `Jewish Catholics' in theWarsaw ghetto 1, 187±97
Isaacs, Jeremy 1, 861Iser, Wolfgang 3, 569±70, 708Islam
dhimmi, attitude towards 1, 574
IsraelChristian community, Nes Ammim 2, 798±13Holocaust education 3, 545±61Holocaust memory and the future of Jewish life at
the dawn of the 21st century 3, 266±82Holocaust remembrance 3, 545±61Iraqi Jews in 1, 580±84Protestant churches attitude towards 2, 534±5survivors, attitudes towards 3, 545±61survivors in 3, 95±6, 150±65survivors, psychological myths about 3,
93±107survivors, reception in 3, 127±34survivor testimony, perceptions of 3, 545±61United Church of Canada's attitude to State
of 2, 561±74Yom Kippur War, and publication of Holocaust
memoirs 3, 169Zionist Youth Underground memoirs 3, 169
IsraeÈlowicz, Leo 1, 675Israelyan, Victor 2, 277Italy
DELASEMYugoslav Jews, aid to 1, 516
Feramonti refugee camp 1, 517Jews, Pio Nono's attempts to reverse
emancipation of 2, 461±2Mussolini, Benito
letters to, from Italian Jews 1, 466±80racial laws 1, 466±80
Pius XI's repudiation of 2, 400±406rescue in 2, 265, 323±4Yugoslav Jewish refugees in 1, 514±16
Jabotinsky, Vladimir 2, 275JaÈckel, Eberhard 3, 343, 411
RFTF 2000, Opening Address 1, 12±14Jackson, Justice Robert 3, 398±9, 485, 486Jacobs, Sara 2, 46Jagiellonian University, Cracow
Research Center on Jewish History andCulture 3, 536±7
Jahn, Friedrich Ludwig 2, 627Jakubski, Professor 1, 755±6James, Clive 3, 411Janner, Lord
We Remember, response to 2, 429Janowitz, Morris 3, 233Japan
antisemitism in 2, 13±14claims of slave labourers against 2, 854Jewish refugees in 2, 273Jews, attitude to 2, 13±14
Japanese Americansrelocation, 1942±45 2, 27±33; 3, 428±9
Jasenovac campdestruction of memorial museum at 1, 51
Jaspers, Karl 2, 385Jauus, Hans 3, 570
936 Index
Jefferson, Thomasrace, views on 3, 436, n.42
Jehovah's WitnessesNazi persecution of 1, 35, 495±511restitution claims 2, 848
Jersak, Tobias 1, 116Jesuits
antisemitism of 2, 382±3Humani Generis Unitas 2, 402repentance 2, 381±2, 390±91Vatican and 2, 383
Jetzler, Robert 2, 940Jewish Agency, Budapest 3, 109Jewish Chronicle, UK 3, 592, 593Jewish Conference on Material Claims 2, 935Jewish Contemporary Documentation Centre,
France 3, 109Jewish Free Schools 2, 234±7Jewish Historical Institute, Warsaw 1, 313, 344;
3, 529Jewish life, future of after the Holocaust 3, 266±82Jewish-Catholic dialogue 2, 781±2
mixed signals and missed opportunites 2,661±72
Jewish-Christian dialogue 2, 413±24, 437±54,544±60, 654±5, 673±82, 701±3
Metropolitan Damaskinos, message from 2,3±4
a theology for the 21st century 2, 732±44Nes Ammim 2, 798±13
Jews, mission toProtestant churches reappraisal of 2, 533±43
Joachim, Dieter 3, 216Job, Book of
Knight, Henry F.Job, interpretation of after the Holocaust 2,745±59
Jodl, Friedrich 1, 646Joersz, Jerald C. 2, 593±4Joffe, Josef 3, 411±12John 8:44 2, 446, 787±97John Paul II, Pope 1, 11, 15; 2 9, 148±9, 151±2,
385±6, 416, 425, 444, 446, 447, 455, 457,663, 664, 666, 670, 822±3; 3, 7, 336, 634
We Remembersee under Vatican
John XXIII, Pope 1, 521; 2, 662, 667(as Cardinal Roncalli)
rescue of Balkan Jews 2, 256John, Gospel of St 2, 525±7
John 8:31±59 from a Jewish perspective 2,787±97
Johnson, Luke Timothy 2, 447, 448. 449, 450Johnstone, M. 2, 49Joint Distribution Committee 3, 109Jokl, Anna Maria 2, 102Jonas, Hans 2, 7, 146Jonas, Regina 1, 266,269Jones, Gregory 2, 726
Joselewicz, Echiel 1, 285Joseph, Andre 2, 256Josephus 2, 791Jospe, Erwin 1, 419Jost, Heinz 3, 864Jouffa, Yves 1, 678Journal of Genocide Research 1, 92Journal of Historical Review 1, 808Journal of Holocaust Education 3, 516Jucovy, M.E. 3, 49Jud SuÈss 3, 696±7Judaism
gemilat chesed and moral behaviour atWesterbork 2, 36±53
Judenratin Holocaust historiography 3, 363±4
JuÈdischer Kulturbund 1, 411±15Judt, Tony 1, 783, 787Julius, Anthony 1, 769Jung, C.G.
`Wotanism' 1, 918JuÈnger, Ernst 3, 210JuÈngst, Britta 2, 762JuÈst, GuÈnther 2, 135justice, search for
Canada, prosecution of Nazi perpetrators 2,860±75
Holocaust-era assets debate: a Swissperspective 2, 876±81
the Holocaust goes to court: a view from theCanadian courtroom 2, 860±75
Holocaust restitution in the United States 2,845±59
legal discourse and the construction of history inSwitzerland 2, 938±51
Nazi art looting: in Poland, machinery of 2,882±94
Nazi-looted assets in Czech collections 2,895±905
Nazi-looted art, choice of law issues in returnof 2, 952±65
Nazi-looted art, Poland 2, 882±94restitution, child survivors' experience with 2,
923±65return of Nazi-looted art: choice of law
issues 2, 952±65Switzerland, legal discourse and the
construction of history in 2, 938±51Switzerland, victims of national socialism 2,
907±22
Kaas, Ludwig 2, 471±3Kabbalists, Lurianic
Tikkun olan and Christian ethics 2, 78Kadosh, Sara
Jewish refugee children in Switzerland 2,281±97
Kaes, Anton 2, 761Kaganovich, Lazar 1, 356
Index 937
Kahane, David 1, 213, 218, 483, 485; 2, 489Kahler, Erich
The Tower and the Abyss 1, 786±7Kahn, Colonel 1, 676Kahn, Franz 1, 266Kaienburg, Hermann 1, 173Kaiser Wilhelm II 1, 737±8Kaiser, Hermann 3, 216Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gesellschaft (KWG) 1, 657±73;
2, 198±9Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institute 1, 658Kaldenberg, Wyatt 1, 912Kalejs, Konrad 2, 867±8Kalish, Alexander 3, 303Kalmanovitch, Zelig 1, 484, 485, 489±90; 3, 823±4Kaltenbach, Fred 2, 640Kammler, Hans 1, 173; 2, 21, 23Kandinsky 2, 359Kant, Immanuel 1, 37; 2, 299, 304Kaplan, Chaim 1, 216±17, 220, 393, 396, 483,
484, 485, 487, 490; 3, 346±7, 820Kaplan, Harold
the `Americanization' of the Holocaust' 3,309±21
Kaplan, Marion 1, 591Kaplan, Robert 1, 716Kaplansky, Kalmen 3, 36Karel, Rudolf 3, 806Karmel, Ilona 3, 754, 756, 757, 758±9, 763±4,
765Karny, Miroslav 1, 259Karpf, Anna 3, 121, 122Karski, Jan 1, 553; 2, 336±7, 576, 666Kascerginski, Schmerke 3, 809Kassel
Holocaust memorials 3, 779±81Kasztner, Rezso 1, 377, 904
`Kasztner's train' 1, 384Kater, Michael 1, 412Kattan, Naim 1, 582Katz, Erich 1, 413Katz, Fred 2, 19, 20, 225Katz, Josef 1, 219, 482±3, 487; 2, 441Katz, Steven 1, 92, 95, 96±97, 809; 2, 6, 777,
822, 824, 826; 3, 619Katzir, Ram 3, 772±3Katzmann, Friedrich 1, 168, 170Katznelson, Yitzhak 1, 482, 486, 488, 491; 3,
269, 358Kaufman, Abraham 2, 14Kaunas, ghetto chronicle 1, 216, 220Kaveny, M. Cathleen 2, 204Kayfetz, Ben 3, 34±5Kaynar, Gad 3, 720Kazin, Alfred 2, 350Keating, Donald R. 2, 567Kedourie, Elie 1, 573±4, 575Keegan, John 1, 789Keilson, Hans 2, 946
Kellenbach, Katharina vonChristian discourses of forgiveness and the
perpetrators 2, 725±31Christian theology and ethics after the
Holocaust, future directions for 2, 656±9Keller, Stefan
GruÈningers Fall 3, 471Keller, Ulrich 3, 341Kelman, Herbert C. 2, 126±8, 218Kempner, Vitka 1, 559Kennedy, Paul 1, 789Kenny, L.M. 2, 569Kenstavicius, Antanas 2, 862±3Keown, John 2, 208±9Kepnes, Steven
the ethics of resuce, Aristotelian and Levinasianperspectives 2, 298±308
Kerem, YitzchakSephardic testimony of the Holocaust 3, 142±9
Kermode, Frank 1, 791Kerrl, Hans 2, 494, 495, 502, 503, 622Kershaw, Ian 1, 6, 14; 3, 697, 701
genocide and modernity 1, 25±28Kersten, Felix 3, 173±4Kessel, Joseph 2, 357Kessler, Edward
Jewish-Christian dialogue, a theology forthe 21st century 2, 732±44
theology, past, present and future 2, 653±5Kestenberg, Judith 3, 48, 57, 102, 124Khadduri, Rabbi Sasson 1, 571, 580Khalil, Wazir al 1, 585Khmer Rouge 1, 60, 62Khrushchev, Nikita 1, 363, 364Kichert, Werner 2, 57Kiddush Hahayyim
prayers of the Holocaust as expression of 1,394±7, 404±5
Kiefer, Anselm 3, 719Kielce pogrom 3, 135Kierkegaard, Soren 1, 398; 2, 626, 627±8, 775; 3,
420Kieta, Mieczylw 1, 755±6Kiev
massacre of Jews of 1, 359Kim, S. 2, 41Kimber, William 1, 328Kindertransport 1, 236±7; 3, 59
Cambridge Committee, UK 2, 230±53Hirsch-Sommer, Martha 1, 414Imperial War Museum Holocaust
exhibition 3, 600`Six from Leipzig' 2, 230±53
King, Christine 1, 502King, Martin Luther 3, 258Kingdon, Frank 2, 359Kingsley, Ben 3, 189Kisker, K.P. 3, 48Kittel, Gerhard 2, 193±4, 621
938 Index
Kladovo Transport 1, 513Klages, Otto
see Clages, GerhardKlajn, Aleksandar 1, 516Klang, Carl 1, 918Klang, Heinrich 1, 266Klapproth, Erich 2, 588±9Klarsfeld, Beate, Foundation 1, 877Klarsfeld, Serge 1, 679; 2, 427; 3, 79, 721Klarsfeld, Serge and Beate 1, 6Klausner, Joseph 2, 550Klee, E. 2, 219Klein, Aleksandar 1, 518Klein, Fritz 2, 201Klein, Gerda 3, 397±8, 400Klein, Gideon 3, 806Klein, Hillel 3, 97, 102Klein, Kurt 3, 397±8Klein, Marc 1, 321, 755±6Kleinova, Dr 1, 756±7Klemperer, Eva 1, 549Klemperer, Victor 1, 733, 761
diaries 1, 543±51Klenickli, LeonKlepfisz, Irena 3, 273±4, 461, 784±803Klepfisz, Michal 3, 794±801Klepinin, Fr. Dmitrii 2, 483Kley, Stefan 1, 13Klicka, Hanna 1, 190, 191Klingberg, Wanda 1, 191Klodzinski, Stanyslaw 1, 329, 330Klonicki-Klonymus, Aryeh 1, 485Knigge, Volkhard 3, 369, 473Knight, Henry F.
Job, interpretation of after the Holocaust 2,745±59
Knitz, Andreas 3, 781±2Knobloch, Wilhelm 2, 496, 501; 3, 347Knodn, Hans 1, 741Knowlden, V. 2, 41Koch, Erich 1, 621, 664±6Koch, Hal 2, 629Koch, Ludwig 2, 383Koerner, Henry 3, 833±4Koestler, Arthur 2, 576; 3, 232±4Koffler, Josef 3, 810Kogan, Ilany 3, 120Kogon, Eugene 1, 140Kohl, Helmut 3, 287, 389, 653Kohlberg, L. 2, 48kok sagys
Auschwitz, research at 1, 666±7, 754Kolbe, Father 3, 634Kolbe, Fr. Maxmillian 2, 664Kolberg, Lawrence 2, 86±7Kolczynska, Paulina 3, 724Kolitz, Zvi
`Yossel Rakover Speaks to God' 2, 99±103,106±7, 109±10
Kollek, Teddy 1, 374, 384Koller, Arnold 3, 468Kolvenbach, Peter-Hans 2, 381Kolvin, I. 3, 56Komoly, Otto 1, 439, 441Konarzewski, Krzysztof 2, 304, 307Kongregatsiya
and child survivors, Poland 3, 27Konig, Karl 2, 501±3Koordinatsiya Archives, Ghetto Fighter's
House 3, 26±7Koos, Kalman 1, 904Koppold, Harold, Sigmar and Zilla 2, 239, 245,
245±7Kor, Eva 1, 753Korber, Mirjam 1, 485Korczak, Janusz 1, 220, 488Koretzer Rebbe 1, 481Korey, William 3, 298Korman, Judge Edward R. 2, 846Korn, Mikolasz 1, 330±31Kosovo
conflict in 1, 22, 27, 58, 63, 99; 3, 403Kosovo
Jewish refugees in 1, 516Kossak-Szczucka, Zofia 1, 311Kostanian, Rachel 1, 6Kott, Jan 1, 138Kovach, Aladar 1, 903Kovner, Abba 1, 558; 3, 546, 552, 822, 825
`Not Sheep to the Slaughter' 3, 97Kovno
Zwartendijk, Jan, and rescue in 2, 271±80Kovno ghetto
Aktionen 1, 848, 850chronicle 1, 216, 220Elkes, Elkhanan 1, 282±3exhibition, USHMM 3, 343±4Hidden History of the Kovno Ghetto 3, 351photographs of 3, 343±4, 351
Kowalski, WojciechNazi art looting: in Poland, machinery of 2,
882±94Kracowski, Eva 1, 561Krafft-Ebing, Richard von 3, 67Krajewski, Stanislaw 1, 6
Auschwitz at the threshold of the newmillennium 3, 322±40
Krakowski, Shmuel 3, 24, 109±10Kram, Judge Shirley Wohl 2, 849Kramer, Lotte 3, 847±8Kramer, T.D.
Gergely, Gyorgy, endeavours of, 1940±45 1,439±55
Kranzler, David 2, 275Krasa, Hans 3, 806Kraus, Karl 1, 743Kraus, Tomas 2, 904Krause, Reinhold 2, 588
Index 939
Krauthammer, Charles 2, 879Krell, Robert 1, 6; 3, 49Krell, Robert
restitution, child survivors' experience with 2,923±65
Kremer, Johann Paul 1, 763Kremer, S. Lillian
gender and the Holocaust: women's Holocaustwriting 3, 751±68
Kremers, Heinz 2, 809Kren, George 1, 96; 2, 129Krieck, Ernst 1, 871Kristallnacht 1, 234, 591
Herman, Stewart W., reaction of 2, 640Kindertransport resulting from 2, 231, 232Protestant reaction 2, 588±9restitution claims arising from 2, 850South Africa, Afrikaans press reports of 1, 858synagogues, destruction of 1, 410, 416±17
Krivoshein, I A. 2, 483Krog, Antjie 3, 427±8, 432Kromiadi, K. 2, 486Krondorfer, BjoÈrn
German post-Holocaust theology 2, 760±74KroÈner, Hans-Peter
ethics, human genetics and the Holocaust 2,133±45
Kruk, Hermann 1, 220Krumey, Hermann 1, 377, 443KruÈtzfeld, Wilhelm 1, 419Krystal, Henry 3, 94, 102, 765Ku Klux Klan
in Canada 1, 836Holocaust denial 1, 870, 875
Kube, Wilhelm 2, 497±501Kubovitzki, Leon 1, 517Kucia, Marek
Auschwitz, in social consciousness of Poles 3,632±51
Kuckuck, Hermann 1, 660Kuhn, Stefan 2, 141Kuhse, H. 2, 41Kulka, Otto 2, 590Kulturkampf
Jesuits, expulsion of, Jewish response to 2,383
Kun, BelaPius XII's reaction to 2, 467±8
KuÈng, Hans 2, 414, 415, 416±17, 420, 825Kunstsammlungen Zu Weimar v. Elicofon 2, 955Kupershtain, Lev 3, 303Kurds, genocide of 1, 59, 67Kurek-Lesik, E. 2, 222±3Kurz, Eva
Nazi-looted assets in Czech collections 2,895±905
Kushner, Tony 3, 590Parkes, James, and the Holocaust 2, 575±86
Kutler, L. 1, 218
Kuttner, Thomaslegal constraints on the new antisemitism: the
Canadian experience' 1, 832±46Kutzat, Horst 3, 369Kuznetsov, Anatoli
Babi Yar 1, 359Kuznetsov, Ye.G. 1, 892Kvasha, Yosif 3, 301Kwinta, Chava 1, 219; 3, 42
Lacane, Jacques 3, 818LaCapra, Dominick 3, 448, 503, 704±5, 771Lacordaire, Henri 2, 155Lafarge, John 2, 384, 401±3; 3, 396Laffin, John 3, 353Laffitte, Michel
the first U.G.I.F. Board of Directors 1, 674±87LaForest, Justice 1, 839Lakocinski, Zygmunt 3, 175Laks, Szymon 3, 809Lambert, Ramond-Raoul 1, 675 ff.Lambeth Conference, 1988 2, 544±5Lamennais, Felicite de 2, 155Lamprecht, Andrew
(with Milton Shain) Holocaust denial in SouthAfrica 1, 858±69
Landau, Justice Moshe 1, 17Landau, LeÂon 1, 330, 756±7Landau, Regine 2, 190±91Landau, Ronnie 3, 347Lando, Jerzy 2, 334±5Lane, David 1, 918Lang, Slobodan 1, 43Langbein, Hermann 1, 283, 329, 330, 504Lange, Nicholas de 2, 584Langer, Lawrence 1, 212; 3, 167, 168, 193±4,
196, 312±13, 383, 386±7, 391, 403, 408,438, 444, 445, 446, 449, 482, 505, 508, 517,563, 567, 720, 751, 823, 834
Langer, Manfred 1, 419Langer, Suzanne 2, 182±3Langmuir, Gavin 1, 913Langyel, Olga 3, 573Lanzmann, Claude 3, 97, 353, 503, 568Lapide, Pinchas 2, 416Larsen, Lauritz 2, 635, 636Las Casas, Bartolome de
atrocities reported by 2, 188±91Lasker-Wallfisch, Anita 3, 437, 681Laski, Shmuel David 1, 342Latvia
Holocaust in 2, 864Lau, Chief Rabbi Meier 1, 6
John Paul II, meeting with 1, 11Plenary Speech, Survivors' Gathering 3, 3±4We Remember, response to 2, 429, 430
Laub, Dori 3, 195±6, 197, 502Laube, Heinrich 3, 783Laufer, Fritz 1, 373, 374, 375, 382±3
940 Index
Laval, Pierre 1, 681; 3, 6LAWER (Life-terminating Acts without Explicit
Request of Patient) 2, 209Lawton, Mr Justice
Dering vs Uris 1, 328±9Laynez, James 2, 383Lazar, Karoly 1, 447±8Lazard, Andre 1, 679, 683Le Chambon sur Lignon
see Chambon sur Lignon, LeLe Pen, Jean-Marie 2, 427Lebecq, Georges 1, 684Lebel, Jenny 3, 143Leddy, Mary Jo 3, 575Ledochowski, Father 2, 396, 402, 403Lee, Marshall 3, 622Leeb, Field Marshall von 1, 105±106Lefkovitz, Lori Hope 3, 79, 83legality
Vichy France, justifications for Vichy raciallaws 2, 509±17
Lehmann-RussbuÈldt, Otto 1, 650Lehne, Ingeburg 1, 667Leichtentritt, Hugo 1, 412Leininger, M. 2, 36Leiser, Erwin 3, 695Leist, Anton 2, 139, 140Lemkin, Raphael 1, 50, 98, 101Lenard, Philip 1, 645, 649Lengyel, Olga 1, 326; 3, 760Lenz, Fritz 2, 135±6, 199Lenz, Siegfried 3, 653Leo XIII 2, 153Leonards, Walters 2, 496lesbian movement
Holocaust memory, USA 3, 453, 454±8Letgers, Lyman 1, 108Lettich, Andre 1, 322, 323, 329, 330, 755±6Leuchter, Fred 1, 774, 870, 871, 872±3, 876±7Leuteschlager, Earl S. 2, 568Levai, J.
Eichmann in Hungary 1, 199Levene, Mark
remembering for the future, engaging with thepresent 1, 55±70
Levenson, John D. 2, 451Levenson, Jon 2, 71Levi, Albert 3, 143Levi, Erik 1, 411Levi, Joseph 1, 419Levi, Nora 2, 154Levi, Primo 1, 9, 214, 248, 331, 390, 544; 2,
54, 60, 345, 625; 3, 22, 50, 67, 108, 109,232, 402, 438, 503, 556, 789, 841, 850±51,866
Levi, Trude 3, 442Levi-Civita, Tullio 2, 401Levin, Dov 1, 6
Holocaust denial, Lithuania 1, 847±57
Levin, I. 2, 488, 489Levin, Judith 3, 341, 345Levin, Nora 1, 145, 533; 2, 255±6, 823±4, 831Levinas, Emmanuel 1, 489; 2, 54, 60, 114±121,
390, 670±72, 750, 754, 779±80; 3, 318±20rescue, ethics of 2, 298±308, 342±3
Levine, Hillel 2, 272LeÂvi-Strauss, Claude 1, 71Levitt, Cyril 3, 32LeÂvy, Albert 1, 675, 680, 683LeÂvy, Robert 1, 324LeÂvy-Coblenz, Dr 1, 755Levy-Hass, Hanna 1, 484Lewental, Salmen 1, 483±4; 3, 574Lewin, Abraham 1, 220Lewin, Isaac and Pessla 2, 272Lewin, Jacques 1, 323, 331Lewin, Reinhold 2, 612, 615Lewin-Kassewitz, Johanne-Lise 1, 411, 419Lewinska, Pelagia 1, 402Lewinska, Perla 3, 574Lewis, Bernard 1, 799, 808Lewis, Bryan
photographs, use and misuse in Holocausthistoriography 3, 341±57
LeWitts, Sol 3, 473Lewy, Guenter 3, 20libel law, United Kingdom
see Irving, David; see also Dering, WladyslawLibera, Zbigniew 3, 724±47, 775±6Liberman, Ruth
Holocaust, humour 3, 769±78Libers, Berthe 1, 677Libeskind, Daniel 3, 285, 831±3, 837, 839Libya
Holocaust in 3, 144±5Licht, Aleksandar 1, 518Lichtenberg, Bernard, Provost of Berlin 3, 275
Kristallnacht, denunciation of 1, 403±4; 2, 428,430, 457, 668
Lichtenstern, Paul 1, 419Lida ghetto
medical resistance in 1, 285Liebehenschel, Artur 1, 763Liebknecht, Karl 1, 650Life is Beautiful 1, 782; 3, 403, 479, 770±71Lifton, Robert Jay 1, 284; 2, 81, 84, 126±8,
191±2, 298; 3, 425, 462MuÈnch, Hans, interviews with 1, 752±4,
757±8, 763±4Lilienheim-Angelico, Irene 3, 415Lilje, Hanns 1, 506Lindberg, Charles A. 1, 918Lindenboim, Abram 3, 301Lindholm, Birgitta 3, 175Lindner, Burkhardt 2, 164Lindsay, Mark
Wir erinnern and the problems of confession 2,413±24
Index 941
Lindsey, Hal 2, 819Lindwer, Willy 1, 284±5; 2, 45Lingens-Reiner, Ella 1, 320, 322Lipchitz, Jacques 2, 371Lippmann, Walter 2, 29Lipset, Seymour Martin 3, 254, 255Lipstadt, Deborah 1, 5, 10; 3, 454, 575
David Irving v. Deborah Lipstadt and PenguinBooks 1, 10, 451, 774±8, 769±72
deception, lies and David Irving 1, 769±72Denying the Holocaust 1, 872
Liss, Andrea 3, 860Lissner, Abraham 1, 483literature
war novels, in American life 1, 779±95Lithuania
antisemitism, revival of 1, 853±5German occupation of 2, 271Holocaust in 1, 847±57Holocaust, Lithuanians' participation in 2,
862±3Holocaust, President's apology for 1, 853Holocaust denial 1, 847±57Jewish property, appropriation of 1, 621,
622±3`Jewish Holocaust Day' 1, 853rescue 2, 339±40
Zwartendijk, Jan van 2, 271±80Littell, Franklin 2, 566, 575; 3, 522, 524
Closing Address, RFTF Conference 3, 8±9Littell, Marcia Sachs 3, 619, 620
caring and responsibility: building a moralcommunity for the 21st century 3, 522±4
Littman, Sol 2, 862Litvinov, M. 1, 356, 358Locke, Hubert 3, 522
Closing Address, RFTF Conference 3, 10±11Lodz ghetto 1, 211, 213, 217, 221; 3, 175
chronicle of 1, 217±18, 223diarists 1, 217±18gypsies in 1, 341; 3, 668prayers in 1, 393±4the rabbinate 1, 339±41religion and religious institutions 1, 335±51starvation in 1, 250
Loeb, Ehud Herbertchild survivors, writing workshop for 3, 150±66
Loewy, Hanno 3, 344, 346Hoheisel, Horst, images of the Holocaust of 3,
779±86Lomax, Eric 3, 424London Debt Agreement, 1953 2, 912, 918Lonergan, Bernard 2, 677Long, Ralph 2, 635, 638Longerich, Peter 1, 776Lopez, Albert 2, 522Lorentz, Pare 3, 485Lorska, Dorota 1, 328Lossau, Georg 2, 497
Low, Martin 1, 714, 715, 716Lowry, Heath 1, 798, 806Lowry, Richard 2, 446LoÈwy, Alfred 1, 419Lubbe, Hermann 3, 378Lubell, Samuel 3, 95Lubetkin, Civia 1, 556Lublin ghetto
liquidation of 1, 692, 696photographs of 3, 346
Lucas, ColinOpening Address, RFTF 2000 Conference 1, 3
Ludendorff, Erich 1, 632Ludi, Regula
(with Anton-Andreas Speck) Switzerland andvictims of national socialism 2, 907±22
Lueger, Karl 1, 736, 737Luitjens, Jacob 1, 703Lukas, Richard A. 1, 30; 2, 154Lukyanov, Seraphim 2, 485±6Lustiger, Cardinal Jean-Marie 2, 425, 665, 669;
3, 6±7Luthe, Wolfgang 3, 781Luther, Martin 2, 67, 68, 587±602, 603±17,
619±20as authoritarian personality (Fromm) 2, 167±8On the Jews and their Lies 2, 611±15On the Jews and Their Lies
repudiation of 2, 595±8That Christ was Born a Jew 2, 606±11
Luther, Martin (German bureaucrat) 2, 82Lutheran Church
American Church in BerlinHerman, Stewart W., as Pastor of,1935±42 2, 635±49
Darmstadt Declaration (1948) 2, 194Denmark 2, 595, 618±34in Germany and Denmark during the
Holocaust 2, 618±34Holocaust, Bavarian synod condemning
(1998) 2, 540mission to the Jews, reappraisal of 2, 537United States
the ECLA confronts its history 2, 587Lutheran±Jewish relations 2, 587±602Lutz, Charles 1, 445Lvov ghetto 1, 213, 218
chronicle of 1, 215±16Lynton, Norbert 3, 208Lyotard, Jean FrancËois 3, 444, 447±8, 503
Maass, Bernhard 3, 216Macartney, C.A. 1, 199, 203, 203, 206, 208 n.14Maccoby, Hyam 1, 6; 2, 817Macdonald, J. 2, 40Macdonald, W. Clarke 2, 566, 569±70Macharski, Cardinal Franciszek 2, 663MacIntyre, Alasdair 2, 302Mackiewicz, Izia 1, 559
942 Index
Macpherson, John 1, 578MacQueen, Angus J. 2, 564, 567, 568Madagascar plan 1, 134, 367, 559; 2, 363Madejsker, Sonia 1,Madigan, Kevin
Vatican statement on the Holocaust: Jewishreaction to 2, 425±36
madnesswomen survivors, portrayal in cinema 3,
739±50Mahler, Alma 2, 351±2Mahler, Gustav
conversion to Christianity 1, 188Mahler-Bungers, Annegret 3, 831Maier, Charles 3, 423Maimonides, Moses 2, 302, 438, 441±2Mais, Yitzak 3, 599Majdanek
memorials 3, 376slave labour 1, 165, 166Zyklon B, use of 2, 57±8
Majercik, Michal 2, 338Major, John 3, 595Makarov, Sergei
Theresienstadt, lectures in 1, 258±78Makarova, Elena
Theresienstadt, lectures in 1, 258±78Makashov, General 1, 892Malamud, Bernard 3, 752Malchow camp 3, 182Malnasi, Odon 1, 908Malraux, Andre 2, 370±71Maltzan, Maria Countess von 2, 301±2Manemann, JuÈrgen
Jews and Christians after Auschwitz: political-theological perspectives 2, 775±86
Manes, Philipp 1, 262±3Mann, Golo 2, 351±2; 3, 288Mann, Heinrich 2, 351±2Mann, Michael 2, 186Mann,.Thomas 1, 500; 2, 100, 103Manschreck, Clyde 2, 149Mansfeld, Geza 1, 755±6Marcionism 2, 68±70Marcoci, Roxana 3, 727, 736Marcus, Paula 3, 112±15Marcuse, Harold
generational cohorts and attitudes to theHolocaust 3, 652±63
Margalit, Avishi 1, 96Margulies, Motl 3, 302Marino, Andy 2, 351, 353Maritain, Jacques 2, 406Markov, Marko 1, 457Markovits, Andrei 3, 411Markovits, Inga 2, 866Marks, Jane 3, 49Markusen, Erik 2, 126±8Marquardt, Erika 3, 774±5
Marquardt, F.W. 2, 808Marrus, Michael 2, 153±4, 363, 364; 3, 345, 358,
621, 862Marschalko, Lajos 1, 898, 899, 900, 901Martin, Cheyenne
(with Susan Bakewell-Sachs) nurses andphysicians in the resistance 1, 279±88
Martini, Angelo 2, 397, 403Martyn, J.L. 2, 787Marushiakova, Elena
(with Sergei Popov) Bulgarian gypsies duringWorld War II 1, 456±65
Masalsky, N.N. 2, 486Masaoka, Mike 2, 31Massing, Paul 3, 233Masson, Andre 2, 357Masson, Diego 2, 357Matas, David 2, 865±6Material Claims Conference 1, 164, 178Matsas, Michael 3, 143Matthews, Robert Jay 1, 918Mauriac, FrancËois 3, 271Maurras, Charles 2, 397Maury, Jacques 2, 513±14, 516±17, 520Maus
see Spiegelman, ArtMauthausen 1, 32
Sinti and Roma memorials 3, 671slave labour 1, 165, 175
Max-Planck Society 1, 658Maxwell, Elisabeth 1, 4May, Georg 2, 494Maybaum, Ignaz 1, 141Mayer, Milton 2, 220Mayer, Saly 1, 379, 518; 2, 284, 288, 292, 293Mayzlish, Rabbi David 1, 423Mazor, M. 1, 220Mazur, Norbert 3, 173±4McCarter, Jeremy 1, 875McCarthy, Justin 1, 798, 802, 803, 808McCollough, Thomas 2, 125McCormick, Vincent 2, 384±5McFarland, Lanning 1, 373, 374±5McGrath, Alastair 2, 421McLachlin, Justice 1, 833, 835McLeod, N. Bruce 2, 572McMullen, Ramsay 2, 184±5McPherson, James M. 1, 785Mead, George Herbert 3, 384, 385±8, 391, 420,
421Mechanicus, Philip 1, 485MeÂdeÂcins sans FrontieÁres 1, 17medical ethics
Nazi doctors 2, 84±5, 92±3Meed, Vladka 3, 762Meerbaum-Eisinger, Selma 3, 210Meershoek, Guus 1, 533, 539Meir, Golda 3, 93Meiri, Rabbi Menaham 2, 442
Index 943
Meiser, Bishop Hans 2, 624, 635Meisinger, Joseph 2, 14Meiss, LeÂon 1, 676Meissner, Alfred 1, 259Mekhlis, Lev 1, 356Melchior, Marcus 2, 629Melson, Robert 1, 45memoirs
ghetto 1, 211±29Holocaust memoir, definition of 3, 15±23
memorialssee Holocaust memorials
memoryadministrative evil attenuating 2, 19Auschwitz
competing views of 2, 662±7memorials at 3, 237±47Polish perceptions of 3, 525±44
Daghani, Arnold 3, 205±27Germany, Holocaust memory 3, 367±82,
420±36ghetto memoirs 1, 211±29Holocaust, as `war against memory' 3, 501±12how is the Holocaust best remembered 3,
394±409media technology and 3, 189±204remembering the Holocaust and the future of
Jewish life at the dawn of the 21stcentury 3, 266±82
South Africa 3, 420±36survivors 1, 9±10survivor testimony and 3, 437±51transgenerational memory and the pitfalls of
narrative closure 3, 437±51transmission of 3, 84±9Truth and Reconciliation Commission, South
Africa 1, 864±5witness, ossification of 3, 440±44
memory, ethics ofantisemitism in America today: lessons for the
post-Holocaust era 3, 248±65Auschwitz at the threshold of the
millennium 3, 322±40Eastern Germany, Holocaust memorials in
3, 367±82German identity, the Holocaust and the
year 2000 3, 283±95Germany, South Africa and the United
States 3, 420±36Goldhagen, Daniel, significance for children of
Nazi families 3, 410±19the Holocaust as history 3, 358±66Holocaust memory, regularizing of 3, 383±93Holocaust memory, sexual politics of 3,
452±65Holocaust, Americanization of 3, 309±21and Jewish life, future of 3, 266±82memory, ethics and education
applied research, challenge of 3, 237±47
memory, ethics of, cont.memory, representation and education 3, 231±6`nativizing' the Holocaust 3, 501±12remembering the Holocaust: history, religion
and morality 3, 394±409Soviet veterans, memories of World War II 3,
296±308spatial imagery in Swiss memory discourse 3,
466±77transgenerational memory and the pitfalls of
narrative closure 3, 437±51see also Holocaust, memory
Mengele, Josef 1, 324±5, 329, 330, 753, 760,760±71, 762; 2, 135, 932; 3, 395, 397
Menzel v. List 2, 954±5,Mermelstein, Mel 1, 872Mermet, Daniel 1, 753, 755±6Mestre, Achille 2, 521Meth, Rose 3, 574Metz, Johann Baptist 2, 75, 675±7, 775, 784; 3,
285±6Meyer, Konrad 1, 658±9, 666±7Meyer, Kurt 1, 709, 710Miasnik, Chaim 1, 285Michael, Sammy 1, 583Michaels, Anne
Fugitive Pieces 3, 84±9Michel, Henri 1, 552±3Michelson, Joan
Klepfisz, Irena, an introduction to the poetryof 3, 784±803
Michman, Dan 1, 6, 533, 536, 539the Holocaust as history 3, 358±66
Miglione, Cardinal 2, 407Mikhailowka camp
Celan, Paul 3, 225Daghani, Arnold 3, 205±27
Milejowski, Dr Israel 1, 194Milgram, Stanley 2, 125±6, 129, 217±18, 222,
223, 298Milhaud, Darius 3, 810Millbank, James 2, 701±2Millen, Rochelle
the Evangelical Lutheran Church confronts itshistory 2, 587±602
Miller, Alice 2, 224Millner, Joseph 1, 677Milosevic, Slobodan
ethnic cleansing 1, 59Milosz, Czeslaw 1, 142Milton, Sybil 3, 341, 348, 353, 480, 760,
859Minerbi, Sergio 2, 664, 669Minkowski, E. 3, 94Minnesota Militia 1, 918Mins, Rachel 3, 3Minsk
murder of Jews ignored in Soviet reports 1,365
944 Index
Minsk ghetto 1, 154±62diaries 1, 216forced labour in 1, 156±7liquidation of 1, 157±61underground organization in 1, 556
Mintel, Walter 3, 215, 217Mintz, Alan 3, 816, 817Mischlinge 1, 547Missala, Heinrich 2, 729Missouri Synod
Jews, evangelism towards 2, 587±602Mit Brennender Sorge
see under VaticanMitchell, W.J.T. 3, 353Mitscherlich, Alexander 2, 137; 3, 414, 415Mittelbau-Dora
memorials 3, 374±5slave labour 2, 21±4
mixed marriagesItaly 1, 472and survival 1, 596, 600Warsaw 1, 305±6
MizrahiPoland, education during the Nazi
occupation 1, 289±90Mochalova, Inga 1, 890Mock, Hans-Peter
(with Thomas Borer-Fielding) Holocaust-eraassets debate: a Swiss perspective 2,876±81
Modestino, Guerriero 3, 145Modras, Ronald
Catholic-Jewish relations: addressing thedemonic in sacred texts 2, 437±54
Mohler, Armin 3, 368Molotov, Vyacheslav
Holocaust, response to 1, 357massacre of Jews, notes relating to 1,
360±63Molotov±Ribbentrop pact 1, 358Polish Jews, emigration from Lithuania
permitted by 2, 277Moltke, Count Helmuth von 1, 373, 374; 2, 386,
619Moltmann, JuÈrgen 2, 762, 769Mommsen, Hans 3, 286±7, 289Momogliano, Arnaldo 1, 466Moncton School Board Case 1, 837±40Monita Secreta 2, 385Montefiore, Claude 2, 732Montefiore, Bishop Hugh 2, 550Montesinos, Antonio de
atrocities reported by 2, 188Montini, Monsignor 2, 406Montresor, Jaye Berman 3, 776Mooney, James 3, 431Moor, Paul 1, 752Moore, A.B.B. 2, 563, 567Moore, B. 2, 43
Moore, Bob 1, 536, 540Moore, Robert 2, 9, 156Moores, James F. 2, 701moral relativism
Novick, Peter 3, 311±12, 314morality
`ethics', `morality' and `responsibility' after theHolocaust 2, 123±32
gemilat chesed, at Westerbork 2, 36±53use of power and 2, 114±122see also ethics
Moreh, Shmuel 1, 584Morley, John 2, 154, 669Morpurgo, Luciano 1, 474±5Morrant, Harry 2, 124, 129, 130Morris, Errol 1, 876Morris, Robert 3, 855Morrison, Herbert 2, 577±8Morsch, GuÈnter
concentration camp memorials in EasternGermany 3, 367±82
Moskin, M. 2, 46Moskowitz, Sarah 3, 48±9
(with Robert Krell) restitution, child survivors'experience with 2, 923±65
Mosse, George 2, 9, 156Motta, Giuseppe 1, 75Motzkin, Gabriel 1, 96Moyers, Bill 2, 83Moyne, Lord 1, 372, 381, 383Mozcik, Imre 1, 898Mozzeri, Iris 3, 144±5Mrugowksy, Joachim 1, 753, 1, 754, 756, 757Muckerman, Fr. Friedrich 3, 18Muggeridge, Malcolm
Soviet famine, reporting of 1, 107MuÈller, Ludwig 2, 622MuÈller, Sebastian 2, 100±101, 103MuÈller-Hill, Benno 1, 743; 2, 133Mulvey, Laura 3, 744MuÈnch, Dr Hans 1, 751±65Munk, Kai 2, 629Munkacsi, Erno 1, 203, 440, 442Murmelstein, Benjamin 1, 270Murnau, F.W. 3, 694Murray, Fr. John Courtney 2, 152Muschg, Adolf 3, 472Museum of Modern Art, New York 2, 958Musial, Father Stanislaw 2, 665music
in Auschwitz 3, 808RFTF commemorative concerts 3, 680±83synagogue organs and organ music, destruction
of 1, 410±21in Theresienstadt 1, 273±4; 3, 804±8
Muslimsdhimmi, obligation to protect 1, 574South Africa, Holocaust denial 1, 866
Musnik, Fernand 1, 679, 680, 685
Index 945
Mussolini, Benito 1, 468, 466±80; 2, 397±8,469±70, 474
My Lai massacreCalley, Lt., trial of 2, 218
Myer, DillonWar Relocation Authority 2, 31, 33, 34
Nadel, Arno 1, 413±14NASA
German scientists and 2, 23±7Nathan-Davis, Sally
music of the Holocaust 3, 804±13(with George Whyte) RFTF, the
commemorative concerts 3, 680±83Nation of Islam 3, 257, 258, 261National Committee for Rescue from Nazi Terror
(UK) 2, 576National Institute on the Holocaust,
Philadelphia 2, 575National Registry of Holocaust Survivors 1, 313National Socialism
see Nazi GermanyNATO
bombing of Serbia, ethics of 2, 123Naumann, Michael 2, 896Nazi Germany
apologistsHedin, Sven 1, 630±44
`Aryanization' and political corruption 1,615±19
Catholic Church 2, 455±80Mit brennender Sorge (1937) 2, 399±400Nazi priests 2, 493±508
Catholic opposition to 3, 18the `churchless' 1, 645±56Church Withdrawal Movement 1, 645±56cinema 3, 694±7Concordat, Holy See 3, 395±6Confessing Church 2, 619, 622corruption in 1, 613±29`degenerate art' 3, 397documentary film 3, 480euthanasia programme 2, 198±213, 641Evangelical Church 2, 587±91genetic science, abuse of 2, 133±45gypsies 3, 664±73intermarriage 1, 543, 545, 547±9and Iraq 1, 570±72Jehovah's Witnesses, persecution of
1, 495±511Jewish assets, appropriation of 1, 613±29; 2,
898±900Jewish mothers and their children in 1, 231±6Jews passing during the Holocaust 1, 589±609Lutheran Church 2, 587±602, 618±34Mischlinge 1, 547Monistic Alliance 1, 646nonconformist sects, persecution of 2, 621patriarchy 1, 554±6
Nazi Germany, cont.photographs, use of in propaganda 3, 345±6plant breeding 1, 657±73political corruption 1, 613±29race and nation under Nazi power 1, 113±29Reichsforschungsrat 1, 658and Romania 1, 813±14science in 1, 657±73; 2, 133±45Sinti and Roma 3, 664±73slave labour 1, 163±86Soviet Union
starvation strategy 1, 659sterilization policies 2, 134, 199±200Switzerland and 2, 907±22Vatican and 2, 396±412, 468±74
Nazi goldSwitzerland 1, 80±81
Nazi scientistsdenazification of 2, 19±35
Nazi-looted artCommission for Art Recovery 2, 952Czech collections 2, 895±905Goodman v. Searle 2, 853New York v. MOMA 2, 853Poland, laws governing confiscation 2, 882±94restitution, choice of law issues 2, 952±65restitution claims arising in US 2, 852±3restitution, Czech Republic 2, 895±905restitution, Poland 2, 890±91Rosenberg v. Seattle Art Museum 2, 853
NazismChristian roots of 2, 386±91genetic selection 1, 657±73genetics and 2, 133±45homoeroticism in 3, 459±50as political religion 1, 27sexual ascetism of 2, 388±91
Neher, Andre 1, 141Neikrug, Marc 3, 681±2, 683Nelken, Halina 1, 219, 221Nemo, Philippe 2, 753Nemolovsky, Alexander 2, 486neo-Nazis
Croatia 1, 51Germany 3, 284Holocaust education ineffective with 3, 609Irving, David and 1, 771on the internet 1, 912South Africa 1, 858±69Soviet Union 1, 884, 892
Nes Ammim, Israel 2, 798±13Netherlands
antisemitism 3, 135collaboration 1, 533±6, 538±40Government-in-Exile 2, 272, 275hidden children 1, 536Holocaust, Dutch record in 1, 527±42Jewish Council 1, 538±32Jewish property, appropriation of 1, 623
946 Index
Netherlands, cont.National Socialist Party 1, 534physician-assisted suicide, contemporary
debates 2, 207±11Reformed Church, attitude to the State of
Israel 2, 534rescue 1, 535±9; 2, 223, 256, 259±64resistance 1, 530, 531, 537±9; 3, 135±6restitution 3, 135, 138±9survival rate 1, 532±33survivors, return of 3, 135±41Vught camp 1, 532Westerbork
moral behaviour at 2, 42±51Neuengamme camp
memorial centre 3, 378Neusner, Jacob 2, 670; 3, 505New Testament
antijudaism 2, 703; 3, 417antisemitism 2, 787±97John 8:31±59 from a Jewish perspective 2,
787±97Newman, Judith Sternberg 2, 761Newsom, Carol 2, 747, 753NGOs
human rights, role in defending 1, 17trauma, responses to 3, 71, 74±5trauma, role in helping victims cope with 3, 63
Nicholas, Lynn 2, 954Nicholl, L. 2, 41Nicholls, Dolores 2, 566Nicolaescu, Sergiu 1, 816Niebuhr, Reinhold 2, 66, 72±3, 77±8, 156, 157;
3, 523Niederland, William 3, 98Niemoeller, Martin 1, 506; 2, 156, 588, 623, 657Nietzsche, Friedrich 2, 91±2, 523±4; 3, 286Nissenbaum, Rabbi 1, 395±6Nix, Dennis 1, 871Nolte, Ernst 1, 94, 137
Holocaust, `normalization' of 1, 779Nomberg-Oszytyk, Sara 3, 573Nono, Luigi 3, 810±11Nora, Pierre 3, 231, 557, 861Nordman, Ingebord 2, 172North Africa
Holocaust in 3, 144±5, 406±7Norway
Holocaust in 3, 406±7Jewish property, appropriation of 1, 622
Nosske, Gustav 1, 549Nostra Aetate
see VaticanNovak, David 2, 413
We Remember, response to 2, 432±3Novich, Miriam 2, 805Novick, Peter
The Holocaust in American Life 1, 38, n.6, 56,57, 779±95; 3, 232, 233, 234, 309±21
Novick, Peter, cont.victims, estimated number of 1, 50
Novitch, Miriam 3, 142Nuremberg Doctors' Trial 1, 319; 2, 138Nuremberg Laws 1, 132±3, 544, 548; 2, 134
German Southwest African precedents of 1,119
Sinti and Roma 3, 667Nuremberg principles, 1946 2, 131Nuremberg trials 1, 97±98, 727, 731, 743±4,
752±3; 2, 123±4, 866±7; 3, 232±4, 398±400,426
doctors' trial 1, 319; 2, 138film, documentary 3, 485±8, 489±90Hedin, Sven on unfairness of 1, 642±3International Criminal Court based upon 3, 71Israeli perception of inadequacy of 1, 16photographs of 3, 342Rosenberg, Alfred 1, 743±4Streicher, Julius 1, 744; 2, 604
nursesresistance, role in 1, 279±88Westerbork 2, 36±53
Nussbaum, Felix 3, 831±2Nyiszli, Miklos 1, 330Nystad-de-Wijze, Kitty 2, 47
O'Connor, Cardinal 2, 669O'Siadhail, Micheal
`In Witness' 3, 677±9Oberman, Heiko 2, 604Obrecht, Charles 2, 540Odinism, on the internet 1, 917Ofer, Dalia 1, 6, 224
Warsaw, education of Jewish children duringthe Nazi occupation 1, 289±301
Ogienko, I. 2, 487Ohlendorf, Otto 3, 399Ohrdurf, documentary film of 3, 484OleÁre, David 3, 720±22Oliner, Pearl M.
religious cf. irreligious rescuers 2, 309±18Oliner, Samuel 1, 6; 2, 257
heroic altruism in a variety of settings 2, 319±33Oliner, Samuel and Pearl
The Altruistic Personality 2, 40, 86, 87±9, 95,223, 224, 225±6, 298±300, 316, 329
Olsen, Charles 3, 794Olster, David 2, 184, 187Oneg Shabat archives, Warsaw 1, 216, 220, 223,
296Operation Erntefest 1, 167±9Operations Overcast and Paperclip 2, 24±5Operation Reinhard 1, 166, 169, 688±701
evidence of used in Irving trial 1, 776Zyklon B, use of 2, 57±8
Operation T4 2, 201Catholic protests against 2, 418
Opole ghetto 3, 183
Index 947
Oranienburg 3, 175Oregon Citizens Alliance 3, 455±6Orenstein, Henry 1, 218±19Orff, Carl 1, 413Origen 2, 416Orlansky, Samuel 2, 275Oron, Yair 3, 545ORT 2, 288, 291 301±2Orthodox church, Russian 2, 490Orvieto, Iael
letters to Mussolini: Italian Jews and the raciallaws 1, 466±80
OSE (Oeuvre de Secours aux Enfants) 2, 283,287±8. 301±2
Oshagan, Hagop 3, 820Osiel, Mark 3, 427Ossietzky, Carl von 1, 650Ostindustrie GmbH 1, 170Ostwald, Wilhelm 1, 646, 648±9Oxford, Jews of 1, 5Ozick, Cynthia 3, 99±100, 277±8, 685, 707,
713±14, 754, 756, 764, 765
Paasch, Karl 1, 734Pabel, Hilmar 3, 346Pacelli, Cardinal Eugenio 2, 402, 418, 461±74
Bolshevism,identification with Judaism 2,466±8
see also Pius XIIPacelli, Marcantonio 2, 461Paczula, Tadeusz 1, 322±3Padanyi, Victor 1, 898, 899, 906Padlewski, Roman 3, 810Pagis, Don 3, 824, 3, 848Palache, Jehuda Lion 1, 268Paldiel, Mordecai 1, 6; 2, 300
gentile rescuers of Jews, motivations of 2,334±46
PalestineAllied opposition to emigration of Jews to
1, 372, 382, 513±14Palestinians
Jewish attitudes to 3, 268, 272±4, 276±7,279±80
Pallavicini, Count Gyorgy 1, 439, 446±7Palmer, Parker 3, 622Pan-German League 1, 737±8Pangritz, Andreas
Martin Luther and the Jews 2, 603±17Papacy
during the Holocaust 2, 152±6, 396±412,455±80
Jews, attitude towards 2, 383±4see also Vatican, Pius XI, Pius XII, JohnPaul II
Papandreou, Dr Damaskinos, Metropolitan ofSwitzerland
message from, RFTF Conference 2, 3±4Papazian, Pierre 1, 94Papen, Franz von 1, 500; 2, 471, 473
Papon, Mauricetrial of 1, 678; 2, 426; 3, 6
Paris, John 2, 206, 208Parkes, James 2, 446, 547±9, 575±86, 732,
815±16, 824Partevian, Suren 3, 820, 821±2, 823partisans
BelarusBelarus 1, 557±65
Bialystok 1, 558±9Bielski otriad 1, 562±5Bulgaria, Gypsies 1, 464doctors and nurses 1, 285±6songs of 3, 827Soviet Union 1, 365±6, 557±65
Pasha, Talaat 1, 799, 801Patterson, David
the assault on the Holy within the human:the account of the Holocaust diaries 1,481±94
Patton, Cindy 3, 461Paul VI 2, 94Paul, St
Judaism, attitude to 2, 524±5, 527Paulavicius, Jonas 2, 339±40Pauli, Hertha 2, 350Paulsson, Gunnar S. [Steve]
evading the Holocaust 1, 302±18Paunescu, Adrian 1, 818Pawelczynska, Anna 1, 503Pawlawski, Michael 1, 703Pawlikowski, John 2, 182, 444, 677, 678±80, 704,
706, 826human responsibility in the light of Nazi
ideology 2, 146±61`Quo vadis, humanity?' (Plenary Address,
RFTF Conference) 2, 6±10Paxton, Robert 2, 364Pearl Harbour, deportation of Japanese Americans
following 2, 27Pearson, Lester B. 3, 39Peck, Abraham J. 1, 57Peck, William L. 2, 361±2Peenemunde 2, 22±3Pelcovitz, David 2, 929Pellechia, James
Jehovan's Witnesses, Nazi persecution of1, 495±511
Pentlin, Susan Lee(with Shelly Z. Shapiro) Holocaust denial: the
spectre of irrationalism at themillennium 1, 870±83
Perechodnick, Cahel 1, 217Perel, Solly 1, 743Pergament, Moses 3, 810Perl, Gisella 1, 322, 325±6; 3, 574Peroomian, Rubina
Armenian and Jewish literary responses tocatastrophe 3, 814±30
948 Index
perpetratorsadministrative evil 2, 19±35antisemitism and extermination 1, 726±50art looting in Poland, Nazi laws on 2, 882±94Canada, Nazi war criminals evading justice
in 1, 702±25Canada, war criminals denaturalization
cases 2, 860±75Christian approaches toward 2, 657±60Christian discourses of forgiveness and
2, 725±31the `Churchless' and the Nazi search for
justification 1, 645±56Daghani's view of 3, 223±5educated middle class, role in Final
Solution 1, 118ethics and 2, 81±97exoneration of, in Lithuania 1, 852France
the UGIF 1, 674±87generation of, attitudes towards the
Holocaust 3, 653±5Hedin, Sven, a Swedish apologist for the Third
Reich 1, 630±44Holocaust diarists on 1, 489±92motivation of 2, 217±29, 579±80Munch, Hans 1, 751±65Nazi families, children of, significance of Daniel
Goldhagen for 3, 410±19Operation Reinhard 1, 688±701photographs of 3, 353±4
Boltanski's use of 3, 862±5Goldhagen's use of 3, 863±4
political corruption 1, 613±29post-traumatic stress disorder, absence of
2, 192±3prosecution of 2, 123±4prosecution of, in Germany 2, 727Romania, attempted rehabilitation of
1, 813±831slave labour 1, 173±7Trawniki Training Camp 1, 688±701war crimes trials 2, 866±7
see also war crimes trialsPersic, Nadia 1, 283±4Pesch, O.H. 2, 415, 419PeÂtain, Marshal 2, 426, 518, 522±3; 3, 6; see also
Vichy FrancePeters, Gerhard 2, 58±63Peters, R. 3, 516Petitpierre, Max 2, 914, 917Peto, Laszlo 1, 444Petrov, Lieutenant-General K 1, 892Petukhov, Yuri 1, 889Pfannenstiel, Wilhelm 2, 59±60, 61Phayer, Michael 2, 669Philips, Frederick 2, 274Phillips, Anthony 2, 554±5Philotheus, Archbishop 2, 488
Phipps, Bill 2, 571photographs
Boltanski's use of 3, 862±5Holocaust historiography, use in 3, 341±57Sontag, Susan, On Photography 3, 859
Picard, JacquesSwitzerland's neutrality in a time of
genocide 1, 71±89Picasso, Pablo
Guernica 3, 735Pick, Georg 1, 651Pieper, Lorenz 2, 494, 497Pierce, William 1, 871Piercy, Marge 3, 754±5, 761±4, 765Pilon, Christine 2, 799Pilon, Johan 2, 799Pineas, Hertman 3, 93Pinsk
massacre of Jews of 2, 728±9Piper, David 1, 791Pirchegger, Simon 2, 497Pisar, Samuel 1, 6
deportation of the French Jews 3, 5±7RFTF 2000 plenary address 1, 15±17
Pius IX, Pope 2, 153, 461±2Pius X, Pope 2, 383
Papal Commission on Codification2, 464±5
Pius XI, Pope 2, 153±4, 396±412, 457, 469; 3,395±6
Casti connubii 2, 387Humani generis unitas 2, 384, 402Mit brennender Sorge 2, 397, 399±400, 428, 668
Pius XII, Pope 2, 153±4, 383, 384±5, 396±412,428, 430, 431, 455±80, 474±7, 668±9; 3,396; see also Pacelli, Cardinal Eugenio
Planck, Max 2, 198±9plant breeding, Nazi science and 1, 657±73Plath, Sylvia 3, 789Plaut, Max 1, 619Plaut, Rabbi Gunther 2, 565, 567Plekker, S.L.A 1, 539Plotkin, Diane 1, 6; 2, 51Podins, Eduard 2, 864Poe, Edgar Allan 1, 793poetry
Holocaust, representation of 3, 841±53Klepfisz, Irena 3, 784±803
Pohl, Dieter 1, 117, 166, 170Pohl, Oswald 1, 166, 173Pol Pot
massacres 2, 827Poland
antisemitism 1, 490±91Polish Church's denunciation of, 19902, 665
art looting, machinery of 2, 882±94Auschwitz
awareness of 3, 632±51
Index 949
Poland, cont.Auschwitz, cont.
memory of 3, 322±40Polish victims 3, 323±4
Central Historical Commission 3, 109Central Jewish Committee 3, 25child survivors in 3, 24±31confiscation 1, 619±21; 2, 882±94Diary of Anne Frank, reception of 3, 684±90Generalgouvernement
property, confiscation of 2, 882±94slave labour 1, 166±9
genocide in 1, 49±50ghettos
slave labour 1, 167±8see also Lodz ghetto, Warsaw ghetto
Government-in-exile 2, 276hidden children 3, 49, 57, 59Holocaust in 2, 870Holocaust, attitudes to 3, 525±44Holocaust, evasion of 1, 302±18Holocaust, interpretation of
Diary of Anne Frank, reception of 3, 684±90Holocaust, `Polonization' of 3, 526±8Holocaust education 3, 220±41, 525±44`Jewish Catholics' 1, 187±97Jewish property, appropriation of 1, 621, 622±3Jews, on the `Aryan side' 1, 311Jews, attitudes to 3, 525±44Jews, murder of
American Jewish Joint DistributionCommittee report, 1940 2, 271
Jews who passed during the Holocaust1, 589±609
Nazi-looted property, restitution of 2, 890±91non-Jews, slaughter of 1, 30±31, 35±36property, confiscation of 2, 882±94rescue 2, 334±5, 337, 341rescue 1, 302, 304, 309, 311; 2, 334±5, 337,
341, 665; 3, 24±31slave labour 1, 166±9survival rates 1, 313±14, 318 n.41Warsaw, education of Jewish children during
the Nazi occupation 1, 289±301Poliakov, LeÂon 1, 144, 679Policker, Yehuda 3, 549political corruption
Holocaust and 1, 613±29Pollefeyt, Didier 2, 150±51, 157Polozkov, Ivan 1, 892Ponomarenko, Panteleimon 1, 363, 364, 365, 557Popov, Vesselin
Bulgarian gypsies during World War II1, 456±65
Porat, Dina 1, 139; 3, 552Porat, Shayke Ben 2, 281Poritzky, Ruth 1, 419Porzic, Rodellec du 2, 361Posner, Chaim 1, 377
post-Holocaust theologyCatholic-Jewish relations: addressing the
demonic in sacred texts 2, 437±54Christian doctrine and the `Final Solution'
2, 814±49Christian discourses of forgiveness and the
perpetrators 2, 725±31Christian ethics after the Holocaust 2, 66±80Christianity and the institutionalization of
antisemitism 2, 673±82Christianity and responsibility 2, 146±61Ecclestone, Alan 2, 556±8future directions for 2, 656±60German `after Auschwitz' theology 2, 760±74Jewish-Catholic dialogue: mixed signals and
missed opportunities 2, 661±72Jewish±Christian dialogue, a theology for
the 21st century 2, 732±44Jews and Christians after Auschwitz: political-
theological perspectives 2, 775±86Job, Book of , interpretation of 2, 745±59John 8:31±59 from a Jewish perspective
2, 787±97method in Christian moral theology after the
Holocaust 2, 700±709Protestant churches 2, 533±43Nes Ammin, spiritual life at 2, 798±13reading the Bible after Auschwitz 2, 683±99religion and the uniqueness of the
Holocaust 2, 11±16RFTF 2000, Plenary addresses
Kellenbach, Katherina von 2, 656±9Kessler, Edward 2, 653±5Pawlikowski, John 2, 6±10Rubenstein, Richard L. 2, 11±16
the Shoah and the Christian drama ofredemption 2, 710±24
Simon, Ulrich 2, 551±8theology, past, present and future 2, 653±5Tikkun Olam and Christian ethics 2, 66±80
post-traumatic stressinternational responses to 3, 63±77see also trauma
PoÈtter, Jochen 2, 900Pound, Ezra 1, 790Power, David 2, 156, 157Prague
Center for Documentation of Jews 3, 109Jewish property, appropriation of 1, 621
prayerHolocaust, prayers of 1, 389±409
Presbyterian ChurchIsrael, State of, attitude towards 2, 535United States
Holocaust, repentence for 2, 825President's Commission on the Holocaust 1, 10Pressac, Jean-Claude 3, 361Presser, J. 1, 538; 2, 43; 3, 138Preysing, Konrad 2, 499, 500±501
950 Index
Prince, A.E. 2, 562Prodi, Romano 1, 143Prosono, Marvin
Holocaust memory, regularizing of 3, 383±93Prosser, Dean William 2, 954Protestant churches
American Church in BerlinHerman, Stewart W. 2, 635±49
Church of Englandimpact of the Holocaust on 2, 544±60Parkes, James 2, 575±86
Cimade 2, 302Herman, Stewart W., Pastor of the American
Church in Berlin, 1935±42 2, 635±49Israel, State of, attitude towards 2, 534±5Jews, mission to, reappraisal of 2, 533±43Judaism, post-Holocaust attitudes towards 2,
533±43Luther, Martin and the Jews 2, 603±17Lutheran church
Evangelical Lutheran Church in America2, 587±602
mission to the Jews, reappraisal of 2, 535±8post-Holocaust responses 2, 533±43Protestant churches, response 50+ years
after 2, 533±43Rhineland synod (1980) 2, 534United Church of Canada, impact of the
Holocaust on 2, 561±74United States
Evangelical Lutheran Church in America2, 587±602
Protocols of the Elders of Zion 1, 27, 495, 838,873, 886, 918; 2, 13±14, 385; 3, 347
Switzerland, trials (1935) 2, 576Pruefer, Franz 1, 620Puchalski, Jan and Anna 2, 335PuÈckler, Count 1, 735±6Puntulis, Harald 1, 715
Qobosa, Percy 1, 863Quint, Peter E. 2, 866R .v. Finta 2, 864R. v. Keegstra 1, 832±5R. v. ZuÈndel 1, 832±5R. v. ZuÈndel 1, 769
Raab, Earl 3, 248, 253Rabin, Yitzhak 3, 278, 279race
plant breeding, contribution to Nazi racialtheories 1, 657±73
Nazi theories of 2, 133±45race and nation under Nazi and Soviet
power 1, 113±29Radbruch, Gustav 2, 940Radnoti, Miklos 3, 845Rahner, Karl 2, 678, 680RAHOWA 1, 916, 919
Raisko Institute of Hygiene 1, 754±7, 760±61Rajsfus, Maurice 1, 678, 679Rakoff, Vivian 3, 101Rampton, Richard 1, 777Ramsey, Michael, Archbishop of Canterbury
2, 546Rappoport, Leon 1, 96Rassinier, Paul 1, 9, 146, 797, 798, 805, 861, 871Rathbone, Eleanor 2, 576Rathenau, Walter 1, 730Ratti, Achille 3, 395Rauca, Helmut 1, 703, 705, 705±6Rauschning, Hermann 3, 784Rauter, Hans 1, 531±2RavensbruÈck
`food talk' 1, 252Herberman, Nanda 3, 17±22Jehovah's Witnesses in 1, 504memorials 3, 368±79survivors, rescue of 3, 172±88
Rawicz, Piotr 3, 437Rayman, Jan 1, 755±6Rayski, Adam 1, 677, 679Reagan, Ronald
Bergen-Belsen, address at 3, 686Bitburg cemetery, visit to 2, 554±5; 3, 389±90,
426, 430Rechsteiner, Paul 2, 941, 946Reck, Norbert 2, 762, 769Red Cross
see International Red CrossRedlich, Egon 1, 270Rees, Laurence 3, 350Refael, Shmuel 3, 146Refugee Children's Movement 2, 230, 231±2refugees
Allies and 2, 364±5British government's unwillingness to admit
2, 577±8children, in Switzerland 2, 281±97Fry, Varian, rescue of 2, 347±76international responses to 3, 69Kindertransport 2, 230±53Switzerland 2, 281±97; 3, 467±8Yugoslav Jews fleeing the Holocaust
1, 512±26Regensburger, Marianne 3, 416Reich, Kurt and Ursula 2, 337Reich, Riva 1, 564±5Reich, Steve 3, 811Reichmann, Eva 1, 144Reindorf, Carl 3, 600Reinhartz, Adele
John 8:31±59 from a Jewish perspective2, 787±97
Reiser, Arnost 1, 275Reistetter, Stephen 1, 703Reitlinger, Gerald 1, 144; 3, 234, 361Rejwan, Nissim 1, 577, 584±5
Index 951
Renard, Graf von 1, 732reparation
gypsies 3, 665London Debt Agreement, 1953 2, 912, 918roadblocks to 2, 923±65Switzerland 2, 938±51survivors and 3, 48, 96
repentanceChristian churches and 2, 659French bishops' statement, 1997 2, 425±7Germany 3, 283±95Jesuits 2, 381±2, 390±91South Africa 1, 858±69; 3, 420±36
representationsee art; music; poetry
rescue 3, 231±6altruism and 2, 309±18Arendt, Hannah on 2, 259Baghdad pogrom 1, 584Belarus 1, 161Belgium 2, 256, 344Cimade 2, 302`Curacao visas' 2, 272Denmark 1, 533, 2, 323±4, 265ethics of 2, 81±97, 298±308, 342±3
Aristotle 2, 298±308Levinas, Emmanuel 2, 298±308, 342±3
Evlogian clergy 2, 483±4France 2, 81, 83, 85±6, 89±91, 265; 3, 5, 7
Evlogian clergy 2, 483±4Fry, Varian 2, 347±76Skobtsova, Mother Maria 2, 483±4
Fry, Varian, in Marseille 2, 347±76Germany 2, 265heroic altruism and 2, 319±33heroism, roots of 2, 257hidden children 3, 47±62Huguenots 2, 302Hungary
Gergely, Gyorgy, endeavours of 1, 439±55Brand-Grosz mission 1, 371±88
Italy 2, 265, 323±4key factors 2, 217±29Kindertransport 2, 230±53Le Chambon sur Lignon 2, 81, 83, 85±6,
89±91; 3, 5Lithuania
Zwartendijk, Jan van 2, 271±80motivation of 2, 217±29, 274±7, 309±18,
319±33, 334±46National Committee for Rescue from Nazi
Terror (UK) 2, 576Netherlands 1, 535±6, 537±9; 2, 256, 259±64Pisar, Samuel on 1, 15±17Poland 2, 265, 665; 3, 24±31religious cf. irreligious rescuers 2, 309±18rescuers 2, 347±76
Bachner, Wilhelm 2, 324±5Borowska, Anna 2, 256
rescue, cont.rescuers, cont.
Choms, Wladyslawa 2, 256Fry, Varian 2, 347±76Harder, Albert and Loni 2, 335Howil, Boguslaw 2, 334±5independence of (Tec) 2, 304Joseph, Andre 2, 256Karski, Jan 2, 336±7Majercik, Michal 2, 338Maltzan, Maria Countess von 2, 301±2Paulavicius, Jonas 2, 339±40Puchalski, Jan and Anna 2, 335religious cf. irreligious rescuers 2, 309±18Schroedter, Otto and Hedwig 2, 337Shidlovskaya, Yekaterina 2, 337Skobtsova, Mother Maria 2, 483±4Spiliakos, Dimitri 3, 143Stojadinovic, Miroslav 1, 515Van Damme, Alice 2, 344Van der Voort, Hanna 2, 256Vasic, Predrag 1, 515Visser, Lodewijk 2, 256Vos, Johtje 2, 305±6Weidner, John H. 2, 336Werber, Jack 2, 324±5Wikiel, Jan 2, 341Zwartendijk, Jan van 2, 271±80
Shanghai, China 2, 14Skobtsova, Mother Maria 2, 483±4social dimensions of 2, 254±70subsequent adaptation of survivors and 3, 58±9Sweden, release of RavensbruÈck prisoners
to 3, 173±4Switzerland, Jewish refugee children in
2, 281±97Tec, Nechama on 2, 257the two key factors 2, 217±29Warsaw ghetto 1, 305±6, 310±11World Jewish Congress 3, 173±4Yugoslavia 1, 515Zwartendijk, Jan van 2, 271±80
Reshef, Yehdua 2, 233resistance
Auschwitz 3, 574Auschwitz, prisoner doctors 1, 319±34Belarus partisans 1, 557±65Berkowitz, Liana 2, 485doctors and nurses 1, 279±88gender and 1, 552±69ghettos 1, 221, 556humour, role in 1, 264±5Hungary, Jewish Labour Service brigades 1,
446±8Jehovah's Witnesses 1, 495±511Minsk ghetto 1, 161Netherlands 1, 530, 531, 537±9poetry of 3, 827±8Poland 1, 302, 304, 309
952 Index
resistance, cont.prayers of 1, 401±2representation
Boltanski, Christian 3, 854±66Treblinka 1, 695Vilna ghetto 1, 559Warsaw ghetto 1, 302, 303±4women and 1, 552±69women, portrayal in literature 3, 761±2
Resnais, AlainNight and Fog 3, 856
restitution 3, 403banks, claims against 2, 846±9child survivors' experiences with 2, 923±65German and Austrian banks, claims against
2, 849Holocaust-era assets debate 2, 876±81Holocaust restitution in the United States
2, 845±59insurance companies, restitution claims
against 2, 849±851Nazi-looted art
see under Nazi-looted artNetherlands 3, 135, 138±9Poland 2, 890±91roadblocks experienced by child survivors
2, 929±37slave labourers 2, 846, 848,survivors and 1, 65Swiss banks, claims against 2, 846±9Switzerland 2, 907±22
banks, claims against 2, 846±9Holocaust-era aassets debate 2, 876±81
United States 2, 845±59United States, cases involving Nazi-looted
art 2, 952±65Victims or Targets of Nazi Persecution
2, 848Washington Conference on Holocaust-Era
Assets 2, 895, 906World Jewish Restitution Organization 2, 877
Reu, Michael 2, 635±6Revich, Boris 3, 302revisionism
Arrow Cross 1, 897±910and Auschwitz memorials 3, 330±31Germany 1, 808; 3, 292±3photographs, inaccurate captions exploited
by 3, 350Romania 1, 813±831see also Holocaust denial
Rewald, Ilse 1, 590±96, 604±5Reykowski, Janusz
rescuer motivation 2, 322Reznikoff, Charles 1, 398±9; 3, 844±5Ribary, Geza 1, 440Ribbentrop, Joachim von 1, 631, 640, 642
Pius XII and 2, 406Ribetsky, Vera 2, 230, 240±42
Rich, DavidOperation Reinhard 1, 688±701
Richardson, Herbert 2, 68, 70Richmond, Colin 2, 583±4Richter, Gustav 1, 371Richter, Marc 2, 940±41. 946Richthofen, Hans von 1, 630, 631Rieder, Jonathan 3, 259Riefenstahl, Leni 3, 479Rifkind, Robert
We Remember, response to 2, 429Righi, Hugo 1, 521Righteous Among the Nations 1, 15±17, 22, 315;
2, 256, 345; 3, 143Albanians 1, 22Belarus 1, 161France 3, 7motivation of 2, 87±83, 34±46Serbia 1, 515Zwartendijk, Jan van 2, 274±5
Riley, Annette 2, 370Rinaldi, Ray 3, 728Ringelblum, Emmanuel 1, 193, 211, 215, 223,
296, 305, 308, 309±10482, 486, 489±90;3, 110, 762
Ringelheim, Joan 1, 230; 3, 21, 568±9, 751Rinser, Luise 2, 725±6Rish, Lea 1, 142RistovicÂ, Milan
Yugoslav Jews fleeing the Holocaust 1, 512±26Ritschl, Dieter 2, 421, 422Ritter, Gabriel 1, 602, 604Ritter, Robert 3, 668Rittner, Carol 2, 661Ritvo, R. 2, 51Robertson, Pat 3, 260Robinson, John 2, 204Robinson, S. 3, 47Rocek, Jan 1, 275Rodal, Alti 1, 6; 2, 864±5
perpetrators of genocidal violence evadingjustice in Canada 1, 702±25
Roeder, Manfred 1, 859Roland, Charles 1, 191±2, 195Rolnikaite, Maria 1, 217, 219Roma
Bulgaria, during World War II 1, 456±65genocide of 1, 65; 3, 664±73see also Gypsies
Roman, Martin 3, 807±8Romania
antisemitism in 1, 813, 817±18Holocaust in 1, 813±14Holocaust denial 1, 815, 816, 817Jewish community in 1, 813±831perpetrators, attempted rehabilitation of
1, 813±831revisionism 1, 813±831survivors 1, 814
Index 953
Romania, cont.war crimes trials 1, 814
Rome, David 3, 34Romkovsky, Haim 3, 553Romney, Claude
Auschwitz prisoner doctors, ethical responsesof 1, 319±34
Roncalli, Angelo (later Pope John XXIII)rescue of Jews in the Balkans 2, 256
Roncalli, Cardinal Giuseppe 1, 521Roosevelt, Eleanor 2, 349, 359, 360Roosevelt, President Franklin D.
Hungarian Jews, condemnation of murderof 1, 363, 375, 642
Rosa, Enrico 2, 398±9, 402RoseÂ, Alma 3, 808Rose, Anton 3, 667Rose, Paul Lawrence
German antisemitism, meaning and intentions,1800±1945 1, 726±50
Rose, Rabbi Moshe 2, 458Rose, Romani
German Sinti documentation centre 3, 664±73Rosen, David 2, 437±8, 735
We Remember, response to 2, 429Rosen, Moses, Chief Rabbi of Romania 1, 818Rosenbaum, Thane 3, 83, 98, 105Rosenberg, Alfred 1, 743±4, 918Rosenberg, Justus 2, 368Rosenblatt, Leon 1, 343Rosenblatt, Roger 3, 403Rosenfeld, Alvin 3, 564, 828 505Rosenfeld, Oskar 1, 213, 215, 220, 337Rosensaft, Hadassah 3, 93, 94Rosenstiel, Klaus von 1, 662, 665Rosenstrasse protest 1, 596Rosenzweig, Franz 2, 737, 738Rosenzweig, Siegfried 3, 215Rosetti, Radu 1, 817Rosh, Lea 3, 655Rosheim, Josel von 2, 614±15Roskies, David 3, 269±72, 817, 817±18, 823, 827,
859Rosmini, Antonio 2, 105Rosmus, Anna 3, 657Rosner Blay, Anna 3, 121Ross v. New Brunswick School District No 15 et
al. 1, 838±40Ross, Malcolm 1, 838±40Rotem, Simcha 1, 213, 218, 310Roth, Cecil 1, 132Roth, Fr. Josef 2, 495, 501±4Roth, John K 2, 182±3, 446, 622, 661
remembering the Holocaust: history, religionand morality 3, 394±409
United States Holocaust Museum 2, 870; 3, 394Roth, Philip
The Counterlife 3, 707±11Roth, Siegfrid 1, 443, 444
Rothmund, Heinrich 2, 282±3, 940Rothschild, Frank 1, 419Rotta, Angelo 1, 445, 450Roumani, Maurice 3, 145Rousset, David 1, 791; 3, 820Rousso, Henry 2, 523; 3, 590Rozett, Robert 1, 6
Holocaust survivors, published memoirs of3, 167±71
Rozycka, Marylka 1, 558rubber
attempt to extract from kok says, atAuschwitz 1, 754
Nazi attempts to synthesize 1, 666±7Rubenstein, Betty
remembrance, fine art of 3, 831±40Rubenstein, Richard L. 1, 141, 391; 2, 7, 114,
117±18, 121, 182±3, 446, 704, 745, 807,822; 3, 567, 718, 730
religion and the uniqueness of theHolocaust 2, 11±16
two Popes and the Holocaust 2, 455±80Rubin, Barry 1, 373Rubin, Gayle 3, 455Rubinowicz, Dawid 3, 689Rudashevski, Itzhak 1, 219, 221, 482Rudavsky, Joseph 1, 390, 395, 396Rudin, Rabbi A.James 2, 668
We Remember, response to 2, 429Rudof, Weiner 3, 445Rudolph, Arthur 2, 23, 25±7Rudorf, Wilhelm 1, 659, 664±5Ruether, Rosemary Radford 1, 405; 2, 446, 732,
738, 820, 825, 829±30Rufeisen, Oswald 2, 863±4Rumkowski, Chaim 1, 220, 223, 336±51Rummel, Rudolph 1, 22, 105Rumscheidt, H. Martin
the significance of Daniel Jonah Goldhagenfor children of Nazi families 3, 410±19
Runcie, Robert, Archbishop of Canerbury2, 546±7
Runes, Dagobert D. 2, 817, 828, 829Rusnak, Kathleen
Nes Ammin, spiritual life at 2, 798±13Russia
contemporary antisemitic propaganda1, 884±96
neo-Nazism 1, 884, 892Russian Orthodox church
Holocaust, attitude during 2, 481±92Rust, Bernhard 1, 659Rutherford, Joseph F. 1, 497, 500Rutland, Suzanne
Dutch record during the Holocaust,reassessment of 1, 527±42
Rwandagenocide in 1, 24, 26, 29, 43, 44, 46, 53, 59,
61±2, 63, 91, 99±100, 101; 3, 9
954 Index
Rwanda, cont.United Nations and 1, 24, 46; 3, 245war crimes trials 1, 100; 3, 426±7
Ryan, Michael 2, 149
Sacchini, Francis 2, 383Sacerdoti, Giancarlo 1, 468Sachs, Nelly 3, 810, 828Sachsenhausen
euthanasia in 2, 202Jehovah's Witnesses in 1, 503, 505memorials 3, 368±79memorials
neonazi desecration of 3, 373±4slave labour 1, 165
Sacks, Rabbi Jonathan 2, 42, 740We Remember, response to 2, 428
sado-masochismand Nazism 2, 167±8
Said, Nuri al 1, 579Saidel, Rochelle G.
RavensbruÈck camp and rescue in Sweden3, 172±88
SalieÁge, Archbishop Jean-Geraud 2, 426Saliers, Don E. 1, 398, 401Salominki, Martin 1, 269Salonikan Jews
in Warsaw Ghetto uprising 3, 142±3Salus, Milos 1, 263Samuel, Hans 1, 419±20San Stefano, Guiseppe Oreglia di 2, 463Sanders, James A. 2, 684, 687±8Sandmel, Samuel 2, 446Saperstein, Marc 1, 6
Christian doctrine and the `Final Solution'2, 814±49
Sartre, Jean-Paul 2, 94Saukel, Franz 1, 648Saunders, Cicely 2, 324Sauvage, Barbara 2, 351±2Sauvage, LeÂo 2, 366±7Sauvage, Pierre 2, 222
Fry, Varian, in Marseille 2, 347±76Weapons of the Spirit 2, 85±6, 90; 3, 5We Remember, response to 2, 429
Schachleiter, Abt 2, 503±4SchaÈchter, Rafael 3, 805Schaeffer, Susan 3, 707SchaÈfer, Ernst 1, 662, 663±4Schalit, Heinrich 1, 420Schallert, Willibald 1, 620Scheersohn, Isaac 1, 678Scheffler, Wolfgang 3, 653Scheibe, Arnold 1, 662Scheicher, Joseph 1, 736Scheid, Lucienne 1, 678Schellenberg, Walter 3, 173±4Scherbakov, Vladimir 1, 887, 893Scherman, N. 2, 37
Scheve, Edyard Benjamin 1, 420Schiff, Hilda
poetry, truths of 3, 841±53Schilling, Donald 3, 620Schilling, Ernst 1, 665Schindler, Oskar 1, 16, 177; 2, 258Schindler's List 1, 57, 782; 2, 952; 3, 96, 479, 507,
508, 564, 591Schirach, Henriette von 1, 623Schirra, Bruno
MuÈnch, Hans, interviews with 1, 752±3, 762Schirrmacher, Frank 3, 411, 413±14Schleiermacher, Friedrich 2, 627Schleunes, Karl 1, 789Schlink, Bernard 3, 655Schmidlin, Julius 1, 518Schmidt, Heinrich 1, 647Schmitt, Carl 2, 784Schnackenburg, Rudolf 2, 792Schneider, Ernst 1, 736Schneider, George 1, 213, 221, 217Schneider, Gertrude 1, 252Schneider, Peter
Sweeter than Honey 2, 549±51Schnock, Frieder 3, 719Schnorr, Alter 1, 345Schoch, Bruno 1, 74Schoenberg, Arnold
A Survivor from Warsaw 3, 810Schoenberner, Gerhard 3, 422Schoenerer, Georg von 2, 621Schoenfeld, Gabriel 3, 20, 751, 765Schoeps, Julius 3, 290Scholars' Conference on the Holocaust and the
Churches 3, 522Scholder, Klaus 2, 460, 470, 479±80Scholem, Gershom 1, 921; 2, 66, 74Scholz, Anton 2, 496, 500±501Schoneveld, Coos 2, 539±40Schonfeld, Solomon 2, 236, 238±9, 576SchoÈnhuber, Franz 3, 284Schreiber, Bishop Christian 2, 497, 498Schroeder, Gerhard 3, 383
slave labourers, compensation for 2, 851, 852Schroedter, Otto and Hedwig 2, 337Schudson, Michael 3, 457Schul, Zikmund 3, 807Schulberg, Stuart 3, 485SchuÈlhoff, Erwin 3, 806±7Schultz, Deborah 3, 208Schulweis, Rabbi 2, 331Schumann, Coco 3, 808Schumann, Dr Horst 1, 755Schuster, Cardinal 2, 404Schwalb, Nathan 2, 289, 291Schwan, Gesine 3, 421Schwartz, Regina M. 2, 180±81Schwarz, Alfred 1, 373 ff.Schwarz, Hermann 1, 420
Index 955
Schwarze, Paul 1, 667Schwarzfuchs, Simon 1, 681Schwehn, Mark 3, 617±18, 628Schweitzer, Albert 2, 329Schweizer, Paul 1, 75science
Nazis scientists and research for autarky1, 657±73
scientistsNazi rocket scientists, denazification of
2, 19±27, 33±34plant and animal breeding 1, 657±73
Searle, G.D. 2, 953Second Generation 3, 78±92
Klepfisz, Irena 3, 784±803Les Fils et Filles des DeÂporteÂes de France
3, 79representation in film and literature 3, 104±6stereotypes of 3, 100±6testimony 3, 117trauma and 3, 117±26
Sedwick, W.W. 2, 568Segall, Manfred 1, 420Segall, Nathan 3, 214, 215Segalman, Ralph 3, 93Segev, Tom 3, 128, 129Seidler, Victor 2, 298±300Seidman, Hillel 1, 482,Seiferheld, David 2, 359Seleznev, Gennady 1, 892Selvaggiani, Marchetti 2, 398Selver-Urbach, Sara 1, 222Semel, Na'ava 3, 549Sempo, Sugihara [Sugihara Chiune] 2, 271±80Semprun, Jorge 1, 793Sen, Judge Jan 1, 756±7Sengbusch, Reinhold von 1, 660±62Senkevich, Yuri 1, 888Senor, Shaul 3, 143Sephardi Jews
cultural identity of 1, 140Holocaust testimony of 3, 142±9
Serafinowicz, Simon 2, 864; 3, 232Seraphim, Metropolitan 2, 485±6Seraphim, P.H. 1, 137Serbia
Holocaust in 1, 514Sereny, Gita 1, 21Serge, Victor 2, 358Sergeev, Yuri 1, 888Sergi, Metropolitan 2, 485Serke, JuÈrgen 3, 217±18Serra, Richard 3, 293sexual guilt
role in Catholic tolerance of Nazism 2, 387±90Seyss-Inquart, Arthur 1, 528±9, 623Shachar, Isaiah 2, 614Shafir, Michael 1, 818Shahhovskoy, Ioann 2, 481±2
Shain, Milton(with Andrew Lamprecht) Holocaust denial in
South Africa 1, 858±69Shalev, Avner 3, 721Shamir, Yitzhak 2, 664±5Shapiro, Carla Rose
Christian Boltanski's post-Holocaust art3, 854±70
Shapiro, Rabbi Kalonimus 3, 823Shapiro, Shelly
(with Susan Lee Pentlin) Holocaust denial: thespectre of irrationalism at themillennium 1, 870±83
Sharett, Moshe 3, 129Shaul, Anwar 1, 582±3Shaw, Arje
The Gathering 3, 100Shaw, Stanford 1, 798, 802, 803±4Shawcross, Sir Hartley 3, 486Shay, Jonathan 2, 192Shayyeq, Shaul 1, 584SHEK (Schweizer Hilfswerk fuÈr Emigranten
Kinder) 2, 281±97Shelah, Menachem 3, 143Sheptitsky, Andrei 2, 489±90Sheriff, Noam 3, 811Shertok-Sharett, Moshe 1, 380±83Sherwin, Byron 2, 824, 829Shibata, Mitsugi 2, 14Shidlovskaya, Yekaterina 2, 337Shiffman-Huerta, Dafna 1, 872Shina, Salman 1, 580±81Shipler, David K. 3, 433Shkarovski, Mikhail
Russian Orthodox Church and the UkrainianGreek Catholic Church, attitudes to theHolocaust 2, 481±92
Shmulovitz, Leo 2, 240Shnirelman, Victor
the `Aryans' and the `Khazars': antisemiticpropaganda in contemporary Russia1, 884±96
Shor, Ira 3, 622, 624±6Shostakovitch, Dmytri 1, 367; 3, 810Shriver, Donald W., Jr.
public memory and public repentance:Germany, South Africa and the UnitedStates 3, 420±36
Shvernik, Nikolai 1, 363±5Shvets, Fr. Nikolai 2, 489Siamanto, poetry of 3, 827Sicher, Efraim 3, 83Sichrowsky, Peter 3, 284, 414Sidor, Karol 1, 706Siegele-Wenschkewitz, Leonore 3, 288, 291Siemens Electric Company
forced labour 1, 593, 3, 172Sierakowiak, David 1, 219, 221; 3, 684, 785Sigal, John 3, 100, 102, 103
956 Index
Sikwepere, Lucas Baba 3, 428Silberman, Lili 3, 82Silcox, Claris E. 2, 563Sill, Gertrude Grace 3, 699Silverman, Kaja 3, 747Simon Wiesenthal Center 1, 920
educational programme 3, 525±44Simon, Joachim 1, 537Simon, Julius
German-Jewish philosophers facing theShoah 2, 162±79
Simon, Marcel 2, 186, 820±21Simon, Reeva 1, 573±4Simon, Thomas W.
genocides, normative comparative studies of1, 90±112
Simon, Ulrich 2, 551±8Simpson, Sir John Hope 2, 579Simpson, William 2, 582Singer, Kurt 1, 273, 411Singer, Mark 1, 877Singer, Peter 2, 139; 3, 613Sinti
genocide of 3, 664±73memorials 3, 671±2see also Gypsies
Sinti and Roma Cultural Centre 3, 664±73Sinzheimer, Max 1, 420Sirat, Chief Rabbi Rene 3, 6±7, 337Sitruk, Grand Rabbi Joseph
We Remember, response to 2, 428Skobtsova, Mother Maria 2, 483±4slave labour 1, 163±86
compensation 1, 177±8; 2, 846concentration camp authorities and 1, 169±71German industry and 1, 163±86Mikhailowka 3, 215±18, 224±5Mittelbau-Dora 2, 21±3Poland 1, 166±9RavensbruÈck 3, 172restitution 2, 851±2, 877±8the SS and the camps system 1, 164±7Ukraine, judicial inquiry 3, 216Ukraine, Mikhailowka 3, 205±27
slaverygenocide compared with 1, 104United States, public memory of 3, 420±36
Slezevicius, Adolfas 1, 853Slezkine, Yuri 1, 120Slonim, Reuben 2, 564, 567, 568Slovakia
ransom of Jews of, 1942 1, 372rescue 2, 338
Smith, Bradley 1, 919±20Smith, Dubba 3, 346±7Smith, Stephen 1, 6
transgenerational memory and the pitfalls ofnarrative closure 3, 437±51
Smith, Tom W. 3, 253
Smolar, Hersh 1, 216Sobibor
Dutch Jews in 1, 532, 534memorials
Capuchin chapel, objections to 3, 325Trawniki-trained guards at 1, 690, 699 n.29
Sobol, Joshua 3, 808Society for Christian-Jewish Cooperation 2,
536±7Sofer, Akiva 1, 422±38Sofier, Ann 2, 246, 248±9Sofyer, Jura 3, 809Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation v. Lubell
2, 956Solomon, Zahava 3, 67Soloveitchik, Joseph 2, 740, 825Solti, Sir George 3, 812Sommer, Martha 1, 420Sonabend, Charles 2, 938±51; 3, 474Sonderkommando
Auschwitz, diaries 1, 483Levi pleading indulgence for 1, 331Treblinka 1, 693±5
Sontag, Susan 3, 859South Africa
antisemitism and Holocaust denial in 1,858±69apartheid, and Nazism 1, 862±3Cape Town Holocaust Centre 1, 866public repentance 3, 420±36Truth and Reconciliation Commission 2, 730;
3, 427±9South African Jewish War Appeal 2, 288Soviet Union
antisemitism 1, 355±70archives 1, 355; 2, 861`Black Book' 1, 367East German concentration camp
memorials 3, 367±82Extraordinary State Commission for
Investigation of War Crimes 1, 363±5famine of 1930s, casualties of 1, 106Holocaust, historiography of 3, 298±300Holocaust, leadership's response to 1, 355±70Jewish veterans, memories of 3, 296±308Lithuania, visas allowing Polish Jews to escape
from 2, 277Minsk ghetto 1, 154±62Molotov±Ribbentrop pact 1, 358±9Nazi starvation strategy
Backe and 1, 659Nazi takeover of scientific establishments in
1, 664±6Nuremberg trials, documentary film of
3, 487±8Operation Reinhard, archives 1, 688±701partisans 1, 365±6, 557±65race and nation under Soviet power 1, 113±14,
119±29survivors, attitude towards 1, 367±9
Index 957
Sowle Cahill, Lisa 2, 142Spain
America, atrocities during conquest of2, 188±91
Yugoslav Jewish refugees in 1, 518Spanjaard, Ima van Esso 1, 331Speck, Anton-Andreas
(with Regula Ludi) Swiss victims of NationalSocialism 2, 907±22
Speer, Albert 2, 21slave labour, use of in war economy 1, 169,
171±2, 173Spellman, Cardinal Francis 1, 521Spelsberg, Walter 3, 223Sperber, Manes 3, 169Spicer, Kevin
Nazi priests 2, 493±508Spiegelman, Art
Maus 3, 81, 564, 753, 775Spielberg, Steven 3, 189, 700±701
Schindler's List 1, 57, 782; 2, 952; 3, 96, 479,507, 508, 564, 591
survivor projects 3, 127, 144Spiliakos, Dimitri 3, 143Spira, Bill 2, 352Spiro Institute, London 3, 529Spitz, R. 3, 56Spotts, Frederic 2, 494Spring, Joseph 2, 938±51, 947; 3, 467±8, 474Srebnik, Simon 3, 504St John, Gospel of 2, 687Stalin, Joseph
antisemitism 1, 356Holocaust, response to 1, 355±70Jews, attack on, 1952 1, 122±3Kulaks, destruction of 1, 108race and nation under Soviet power 1, 113±14,
119±24women partisans symbolizing patriotic
struggle 1, 560Stangl, Franz
Catholic complicity in escape of 2, 431Stannard, David 1, 21, 92, 95Stark, Freya 1, 575Stark, Johannes 1, 645; 2, 470Stark, TamaÂs
Arrow-Cross emigration, antisemitic writingsof 1, 897±910
Staub, Ervin 2, 221, 223, 298, 304, 306,673±5
Steele, Michael R. 3, 622Christianity, the Other and the Holocaust
2, 180±97Steiger, Eduard von 2, 940Steiman, Lionel 2, 580Stein, Arlene
Anne Frank and the American culture war: thesexual politics of Holocaust memory3, 452±65
Stein, Dr Josef 1, 193, 194, 195±6Stein, Edith 1, 188, 537; 2, 664; 3, 328, 634Stein, Leon
Lutheranism in Germany and Denmark2, 618±34
Steinberg, Elan 2, 429Steinberg, Rabbi Milton 2, 49Steiner, George 1, 141; 3, 294, 593Steiner, Joseph 3, 81Steinfels, Peter
We Remember, response to 2, 433Steinherz, Samuel 1, 262Steinmann, Paul 2, 498Steinsaltz, A. 2, 37Stendahl, Krister 1, 405Stern, Avraham 1, 372, 383Stern, Daniel 3, 118Stern, Fritz 3, 284, 291Stern, Gustav 1, 420Stern, Isaac 3, 839Stern, Juliette 1, 676, 681±2Stern, Samu 1, 440, 442±3, 446±7Sternberg, Karel 2, 353, 367Stier, Oren
Holocaust videotestimonies 3, 189±204Stiffel, Frank 1, 284Stih, Renate 3, 719Stimson, Henry
Japanese Americans, evacuation of 2, 29StoÈcker, Helene 1, 649±50Stockholm International Forum 1, 22; 3, 9, 11,
607; 2, 878, 895Stockler, Lajos 1, 440. 453Stockums, Wilhelm 2, 493Stoecker, Adolf 2, 620StoÈhr, Martin 3, 288Stojadinovic, Miroslav 1, 515Stoltzfus, Nathan
Klemperer, Victor, diaries 1, 543±51Stone, Dan 2, 579; 3, 344±5Stora, Marcel 1, 679, 680, 681±2, 685Stora, Roger 1, 681±2Storch, Hillel 3, 174Storr, Anthony 2, 129Strauss, Hermann 1, 276Strauss, Leo 3, 808Strehl, Joahannes 2, 496, 497±9Streibel, Karl
Commandant, Trawniki camp 1, 690, 696Streicher, Julius 1, 136, 744, 917
antisemitism, cf Luther 2, 604, 641Strobos, Tina 2, 305Stubbe, Hans 1, 663±4Stuebs, Gerhard 1, 620Sturge, Hilda 2, 233StuÈrtz, Emil 2, 501Styron, William
Sophie's Choice 3, 706Sucher, Cheryl Pearl 3, 83
958 Index
Sugihara, Sempo 1, 16suicide
of Holocaust survivors 3, 67, 104Sullivan v. The New York Times 1, 770Sullivan, Andrew 3, 728survival
Klemperer, Victor 1, 543, 545, 547±9survivors
archival sources in uncovering identity of3, 24±9
assimilation and survival 1, 599±602Belgium 1, 533breaking the silence of 3, 153±66Canada, reception in 3, 32±46child survivors with lost identity 3, 24±31Daghani, Arnold 3, 205±27delay in publication of memories of 1, 9Denmark 1, 533diaries and memoirs 1, 211±29Displaced Persons camps 3, 93Eliach, Yaffa 1, 879epidemiological studies of 3, 103±4evasion
Polish and German Jews passing 1, 589±609Warsaw ghetto 1, 302±18
in film 3, 95±6, 97±100France 1, 533Germany
Jews who passed during the Holocaust1, 589±609
Holocaust memory in the United States 1,787
integration, problems ofCanada 3, 41±3
intergenerational memories: hidden children andthe second generation 3, 78±92
in Israel 3, 127±34. 545±61Israeli stereotypes of 3, 95±8`Jewish Catholics' 1, 187±97Jews who passed during the Holocaust
1, 589±609Lau, Chief Rabbi
Plenary Address, Survivors' Gathering3, 3±4
Lustiger, Cardinal Jean-Marie 2, 425memoirs 3, 150±66memoirs, response to 3, 167±71Netherlands 1, 532±40Netherlands, return to 3, 135±41Pisar, Samuel
Plenary Address, Survivors' Gathering3, 5±7
PolandJews who passed during the Holocaust1, 589±609
post-war experiences 3, 93±107psychological myths about 3, 93±107published memoirs of 3, 167±71RavensbruÈck, rescue from 3, 172±88
survivors, cont.reparation 3, 48, 96restitution 1, 65; 2, 923±65
Netherlands 3, 135, 138±9see also under restitutionRomania 1, 814Sephardi Jews 3, 142±9social context of survival 1, 599±602Soviet leadership's attitude towards 1, 367±9Soviet Union 3, 296±308stereotyping in the arts 3, 93±107suicide rate 3, 104survival rates 1, 533surviving well: resistance to adversity 3, 47±62survivor guilt 3, 49, 132Switzerland, child survivors 2, 287±93testimony 1, 9±10; 3, 150±66, 437±51, 545±61
and Holocaust education 3, 562±77archives 3, 109in the first years after liberation 3, 108±16ghetto diaries 1, 211±29Holocaust deniers' attacks on 1, 8±11, 798Oriental and Sephardic Jews 3, 142±9psychological implications 3, 127±34RavensbruÈck 3, 172±88resistance 3, 574Sephardi Jews 3, 142±9Sinti and Roma 3, 665±6Soviet Jewish veterans 3, 296±308to second generation 3, 117±18videotestimony 3, 189±204
trauma of 1, 787±8; 3, 78, 117±26trauma, international responses to 3, 63±77United States, reception in 3, 95, 127±34videotestimony 3, 189±204Westerbork 2, 43±7Wiesel, Elie: RFTF 2000 Opening Address
1, 9±10women, portrayal in cinema 3, 739±50writing workshop, Amcha 3, 150±66Yad Vashem and 3, 170Yugoslavia 1, 522±3see also children: child survivors
Survivors of the Shoah Visual History Foundation(VHF) 3, 189±204
Survivors' Gathering, RFTF 2000Lau, Chief Rabbi Meier, Opening Address
3, 3±4Pisar, Samuel, Opening Address 3, 5±7
Sussex, University ofArnold Daghani Archive 3, 205±27
Suter, Andreas 1, 75Sutro-Katzenstein, Nettie 2, 284, 287, 389, 291±3Sutzkever, Abraham 2, 100±101; 3, 826Svanberg, Ingvar 1, 639Svenk, Karel 3, 805Svirska, Janena 2, 337Sweden
reporting of Holocaust in 1, 639
Index 959
Sweden, cont.RavensbruÈck survivors in 3, 172±88
Swiss banks, restituion claims against 2, 846±9Switon, Kzimierz 2, 666Switzerland
banksHolocaust-era assets debate 2, 876±81, 945restitution claims against 2, 846±9
Holocaust memory, spatial discourse in3, 466±77
Holocaust memory, suppression of 2, 914Holocaust, role during 2, 938±51Independent Committee of Eminent Persons
(Volcker Committee) 2, 847, 876, 945Jewish refugee children in 2, 281±97legal and moral responsibility, debate on
2, 938±51National Socialism, victims of 2, 907±22Nazi gold in 1, 80±81neutrality, and Holocaust memory 3, 467neutrality, in a time of genocide 1, 71±89Oeuvre de Secours aux Enfants (OSE) 2, 283,
287±8. 301±2Protocols of Elders of Zion, trials (1935) 2,576refugees in 1, 81±83; 2, 281±97; 3, 467±8refugees, deportation of 2, 908±9, 938±51reparation 2, 907±22, 938±51restitution claims 2, 846±9Schweizer Hilfswerk fuÈr Emigranten Kinder
(SHEK) 2, 281±97Union of Evangelical Churches
Israel, State of, attitude towards 2, 534Yugoslav Jewish refugees in 1, 518
Syrkin, MarieTo Light a Match 3, 234
Szajkowski, Zosa 1, 679Szalasi, Ferenc 1, 897. 901SzeÂkely, Janos 1, 907Szende, Stefan 1, 213Szwajger, Adina 1, 282, 601
T-4 programme 2, 201Catholic protests against 2, 418
Tal, Uriel 2, 8, 147Talmon, J.L. 2, 9, 156Talmud
Christian misunderstanding of 2, 440±41demonic in 2, 450±52`Talmudism' in French antisemitism
2, 511±13, 523±5Tannem, Deborah 1, 875Tanner, Jakob 3, 469Tarassiwka camp 3, 205, 216±17TausendschoÈn, Kurt 3, 369Tausig, Karl 1, 734Taylor, Telford 3, 398±9TCMI framework 3, 65±6, 76Tec, Nechama 1, 6, 285, 599; 2, 257, 304, 661, 665
rescuers, motivation of 2, 88, 95
Tec, Nechama, cont.resistance and gender 1, 552±69Rufeisen, Oswald 2, 863
Tedeschi, Giuliana 1, 252Teitelbaum-Hirsch, Viviane 3, 82Telschow, Ernst 1, 658Telushkin, J. 2, 49Temple, William, Archbishop of Canerbury
2, 545±6; 3, 10Ter Husik 3, 818Terboven, Josef 1, 622Terezin
see TheresienstadtTerna, Fred 1, 274Ternon, Yves
Munch or the `good' SS doctor 1, 751±65Terr, L. 2, 929Terr'Blanche, Eugene 1, 859testimony
see survivors, testimonyTewes, Ernst
diary of 1, 34Texas Conference of Churches
Israel, State of, attitude towards 2, 534TheÂas, Bishop Pierre-Marie 2, 426Theis, Pastor Edouard 2, 302theodicy
Holocaust marking end of 2, 109Theodosius, Emperor 2, 438theology, post-Holocaust
see post-Holocaust theologyTheresienstadt
Danish Jews in 2, 631The Distant Journey 3, 699Dutch Jews in 1, 532`food talk' 1, 252, 276
In Memory's Kitchen 1, 255The FuÈhrer Gives the Jews a City 3, 480hunger, recorded in children's art 1, 248International Red Cross and 3, 805±6lectures in 1, 258±78music in 1, 273±4; 3, 804±8releases to Switzerland 2, 288survivors
and Holocaust education in Israel 3, 553±4theatre in 1, 273
Third Reichsee Nazi Germany
Thomas, Bishop Jean-Charles 2, 427Thomas, G. 2, 43Thomas, Lewis V. 1, 806Thomas, Mark 1, 915Thomas, Michael Tilson 3, 812Thorn, Leo 1, 218, 219Thuringian State Archives 3, 781±2Tikhon, Archbishop 2, 486tikkun olam 2, 39, 419
and Christian ethics after the Holocaust and2, 66±80
960 Index
tikkun olam, cont.Fackenheim, Emil on 1, 403±4; 3, 275±6and Israeli attitudes to Palestinians 3,
281±2Tillich, Paul 2, 386, 622Timms, Edward
memories of Mikhailowka: the Daghaniarchive 3, 205±27
Timofeyez, Archpriest 2, 485±6Tippett, Michael 3, 810Tismaneanu, Vladimir 1, 818Tisserant, Cardinal 2, 406Tiszo, Josef 1, 814Toaff, Chief Rabbi Elio 2, 664Todorov, Tzvetan 2, 41, 48, 49, 51; 3, 800Toellner, Richard 2, 137Tomaszec, Professor 1, 755±6Tommasini, Anthony 3, 729Topas, George 1, 219Toporowicz, Maciej 3, 727±9, 735Torah
injustice, silence on 3, 278torture
Torture Victims Protection Act [US] (1992)2, 846
Tory, Avraham 1, 223, 489; 3, 343Totten, S. 3, 586Touval, Meier 1, 521Trachtenberg, Joshua, The Devil and the Jews
2, 193, 438±9Tracy, David 2, 75Transnistria
Jews of 1, 813±14Trapp, Major Wilhelm 3, 863trauma
child survivors and 2, 924±9; 3, 47±50, 78,150±66
International Responses to Trauma Stress3, 63±77
Novick's denial of 1, 787±8Second Generation and 3, 117±26survivors' experience of 1, 787±8; 2, 924±9;
3, 47±50, 78transmission of 3, 80±81, 117±26
Trawniki camp 1, 688±701Treblinka 3, 323
destruction of 3, 239resistance 1, 695Trawniki-trained guards at 1, 693
Treger, Zelda 1, 559Trepp, L. 2, 37Trible, Phyllis 2, 451Trilling, Lionel 1, 783TrocmeÂ, Andre 2, 81, 83, 85±6, 302, 305TrocmeÂ, Daniel 2, 86TrocmeÂ, Magda 2, 81, 302, 305, 351TroÈster, Werner 2, 494Trotha, Lothar, von 1, 738±9Trudeau, Pierre Elliot 1, 712±13, 715±16
Truman, Harry S. 3, 429Hiroshima, justification for 1, 106
Trunk, IsaiahJudenrat 1, 302
Truth and Reconciliation Commission of SouthAfrica 1, 864±5; 2, 730; 3, 427±9
Truth Commissions 3, 427±9Tsimhoni, Daphne
Farhud in Bahgdad 1, 570±88Tuchman, Barbara 1, 189; 3, 96Tucholsky, Kurt 3, 410Tucker, Robert 1, 356Tudjman, Franjo 1, 814Tudor, Corneliu Vadim 1, 818Tulman, Abram 3, 305Turkey
Armenian genocide, denial of 1, 66, 796±812;3, 425
Kurds, genocide of 1, 67Turkov, Jonas 1, 213, 215, 218, 220Turner, Graeme 2, 182Turner, Sister Lisa 1, 915±16Tutu, Bishop 2, 730Tutu, Desmond 1, 863, 866
Truth and Reconciliation Commission 1,864
Tweina, Abraham 1, 572, 573, 575. 583TydeÂn, Mattias 1, 639Tyrnauer, Gabrielle 1, 49Tzara, Tristan 3, 719Tzetnik, T 3, 358
Ueberall-Avriel, Ehud 1, 374, 384UGIF (Union GeÂneÂrale des IsraeÂlites de
France) 1, 674±87Ukraine
Greek Catholic Church during theHolocaust 2, 481±92
Mikhailowka campDaghani, Arnold, memories of 3, 205±27
Nazi takeover of scientific establishments in 1,666±7
Nazis, collaboration with 1, 138rescue 2, 338±9Russian Orthodox church
attitude during the Holocaust 2, 481±92Tarassiwka camp 3, 205
Ukrainian Greek Catholic churchHolocaust, attitude during 2, 481±92
Ullmann, Viktor 1, 258, 273; 3, 806Umfried, Hermann 2, 622UNESCO
cultural property, restitution of 2, 957Unger, Michal 1, 250
religion and religious instutions in the Lodzghetto 1, 335±51
Unidroit 2, 957Union GeÂneÂrale des IsraeÂlites de France
(U.G.I.F.) 1, 674±87
Index 961
United Church of Canadaimpact of the Holocaust on 2, 561±74Israel, State of, attitude towards 2, 561±74mission to the Jews, reappraisal of 2,
536±7United Church of Christ, USA 2, 826
Board of Deputies of British Jews 3, 592Imperial War Museum, London, Holocaust
exhibition 3, 590±606Kindertransport 2, 230±53
United NationsCharter 3, 63Commission on Human Rights 3, 70Genocide Convention 1, 21, 43±4, 47, 61±2,
97, 98±99, 103, 800; 3, 233, 245genocide, response to 1, 46Office for Coordination of Humanitarian
Affairs 3, 73Rwanda 1, 46, 61±2, 100; 3, 9, 245system 3, 64, 65, 73±4trauma, international responses 3, 63±77War Crimes Commission 1, 709±10War Crimes Tribunal 1, 43; 2, 658
United Statesadministrative evil, experience of 2, 19±35antisemitism, 1930s and 40s 2, 364antisemitism, US, notes on data
interpretation 3, 248±65Apollo Program
Nazi scientists and 2, 26±7Black±Jewish relations 3, 257±9Civil War, contemporary responses to 1,
785±6denazification of Nazi scientists 2, 24±5Episcopal Church, attitude towards the State of
Israel 2, 534±5Goldhagen's impact of on 3, 413Holocaust education 3, 522±4, 562±77,
617±31Holocaust literature 3, 751±68Holocaust memory 3, 420±36
sexual politics of 3, 452±65Holocaust restitution 2, 845±59Holocaust, response to 1, 779±95Japanese Americans, internment of 2, 27±33;
3, 428±9Jewish immigration, fear of 2, 364literature, Holocaust in 3, 704±717Lutheran Church 2, 587±602
Herman, Stewart W. 2, 635±49Nazi rocket scientists, denazification of 2,
19±27, 33±34Nazi-looted art, restitution of 2, 952±65OSS, and Brand-Grosz rescue missions 1,
371±88public repentance for injustice perpetrated
by 3, 420±36Romania, relations with 1, 815±816slavery, repentance of 3, 420±36
United States, cont.space programme, German scientists and 2,
21±7, 33±4survivors, psychological myths about 3,
93±107survivors, reception of 3, 127±34Switzerland, relations with 2, 878±9Torture Victims Protection Act (1992) 2, 846United Church of Christ
Israel, State of, attitude towards 2, 535War Relocation Authority 2, 30±33see also Holocaust, Americanization of
United States Holocaust Memorial Museum 2,11, 831, 832, 952; 3, 17, 169, 344, 506, 507
Kovno ghetto exhibition 3, 343±4Roth, John and 2, 870; 3, 394Sephardic and Oriental Jews, inadequate
representation of 3, 142Unsdorfer, Rabbi Shlomo Zalman
on the suffering of the Righteous 1, 422±38Uris, Leon 1, 328Ushomirski, Iosif 3, 306Utitz, Emil 1, 271Uvarov, Alexander 1, 892Uziel, Daniel 3, 341, 345
Vagnorius, Gedimanas 1, 853Vago, Bela 1, 448Valadez, Suzie 2, 327±8Valent, P. 3, 50Valentin, Erwin 1, 327Vallat, Valerio 2, 476Vallat, Xavier 1, 674, 677; 2, 520, 521Van Buren, Paul 2, 73, 74, 78±9, 533, 684, 691,
717, 825Van Damme, Alice 2, 344Van den Berg van Cleeff, Jeanne 2, 46±7Van der Kolk, Bessel 2, 929Van der Mass, Paul 2, 208, 210Van der Voort, Hanna 2, 256Van der Zee, Nanda 1, 536, 540Van Dongen, Luc 2, 945Van Pelt, Robert Jan 3, 343, 351Van Rad, Gerhard 2, 72Van Reemst de Vries, Trudel 2, 45±6Vasic, Predrag 1, 515Vasilenko, Sergei 1, 690Vatican 1, 515, 690
archives 2, 396Gergely, Georgy, negotiations with Papal
Nuncio 1, 445, 450, 452Holocaust, response to 2, 152±6, 383±,
396±412, 455±80Humani Generis Unitas (1938) 2, 402; 3, 396Israel, State of, recognition of 2, 735Jewish-Christian Relations 2, 413±24Jews, Pio Nono's attempts to reverse
emancipation of 2, 461±2Lateran Treaty 2, 469±70
962 Index
Vatican, cont.Mit brennender Sorge (1937) 2, 397, 399±400,
457, 668; 3, 395±6and Mussolini 2, 397±8, 469±70, 474and Nazi Germany 2, 396±412Nostra Aetate (1965) 2, 382, 413, 442±4,
457,667, 732, 739, 781Papal Commission on Codification 2, 464Pontifical Commission for Religious Relations
with the Jews 2, 743post-Shoah record of 2, 667±70Reich Concordat, 1933 2, 468±73secular powers, concordats with 2, 465±6Vatican Commission for Religious Relations
2, 413±24Vatican I
magisterium 2, 414±15Vatican II 2, 149, 416, 421, 442±4, 662, 667We Remember 2, 158, 381, 383, 413±24, 444±6,
455±58474±7, 662, 667±70, 732, 823We Remember, Jewish reaction to 2, 425±36Yugoslav Jews, policy towards 1, 519
Vautier, Ben 1, 71Vavilov, Nikolai Ivanovich 1, 661±2Vdensky, Alexander 2, 488Veil, Simone 1, 17Vel d'Hiv roundup, France 2, 484; 3, 5±7Verdet, Ilie 1, 818Verdun, commemoration of 3, 388±9Verhof, Dr J. 2, 208Verloni, Gennaro 1, 445Verrall, Richard 1, 774, 833, 860Verschuer, Otmar von 2, 134±5Verzeano, Marcel 2, 351Vichy France
antisemitic laws 2, 426; 3, 6antisemitism, theological roots of 2, 523±7the Catholic Church and its treatment of the
Jewish question 2, 509±30lawyers, treatment of the Jewish question
2, 509±17racial laws 2, 476rescue
Fry, Varian 2, 347±76Union GeÂneÂrale des IsraeÂlites de France
1, 674±87Vidal-Naquet, Pierre 1, 872Video Archive for Holocaust Testimonies, Yale
University 3, 562videotestimony
of survivors 3, 189±204Vienna
Jews, spoliation of 1, 615Villiger, Kaspar 2, 947; 3, 467±8Villoro, Luis 2, 190Vilna ghetto
Bak, Samuel, paintings representing 3, 834±6ghetto chronicle 1, 217±18resistance in 1, 559
VilniusHolocaust museum 1, 6
Vishniac, Roman 3, 503Visser, Lodewijk Ernst 1, 529, 530; 2, 256Visual History Foundation 3, 50, 189±204Vital, David 3, 503Vodopyanov, Anatoly 3, 303Vogel, Heinrich 2, 588Vogt, Oscar 1, 661Volcker, Paul 2, 847, 877Volkart, Lily 2, 287Volkogonov, General 1, 355, 358Volterra, Vito 2, 401Voroshilov, Kliment Efremovich 1, 557Vos, Johtje 2, 305±6
Wachsmann, Alfons Maria 2, 500±501Wagner, Richard
antisemitism of 1, 728, 733±4Das Judentum in der Musick 3, 783
Waitz, Robert 1, 321, 322, 324Wajda, Andrzej, Korczak 3, 336Wajnryb, Ruth 3, 117Waldheim, Kurt 2, 663Wallant, Edward Lewis 3, 707, 752Wallenberg, Raoul 1, 16, 444±6Waller, James E 2, 192Walser, Martin 3, 284, 287±91. 653, 784Walzer, Michael 1, 105±106; 3, 277Wannsee Conference 1, 26, 117, 134±5, 168, 529;
2, 43; 3, 610Wannsee Conference House 3, 607±16, 422war crimes
legislation 1, 65Soviet participants in Operation Reinhard
1, 689, 697 n.4Soviet Union, Extraordinary State Commission
for Investigation of War Crimes 1, 363±5War Crimes Investigation Unit, Canada
2, 860±2war crimes trials 1, 804±5; 2, 123±4
Daghani's evidence at 3, 215±18German rocket scientists shielded from 2, 24Hungary 1, 909International Criminal Court 1, 58±59, 91; 3,
71Leeb, Field Marshall von 1, 105Poland 1, 762±3Romania 1, 814Rwanda 1, 100see also Nuremberg trials
war criminalsin Argentina 1, 66Canada, evading justice in 1, 702±25Christian approaches toward 2, 657±9
Ward, Kenneth 1, 414Wardi, Dina 3, 80, 124Warhaftig, Zorach 2, 271, 272Warnecke, Karl 2, 497
Index 963
WarsawJewish Historical Institute 1, 313, 344; 3, 529Jews on the `Aryan side' 1, 601±2Oneg Shabbat archives 1, 216, 220, 223, 296property, confiscation of 2, 882±94
Warsaw ghetto 1, 596±8, 601±2archives 3, 110diaries and memoirs 1, 211, 213, 215, 216±17,
218, 222±3education in 1, 289±301escape from 1, 302±18evading the Holocaust 1, 302±18the great escape 1, 308±12`Jewish Catholics' in 1, 187±97Jewish Health Council 1, 190±91, 192±3medical care 1, 280±83photographs of 3, 341, 345, 347starvation study in 1, 281±2survival rates, cf. Amsterdam 1, 313±14uprising 1, 302, 304, 309, 491; 3, 443±4
Klepfisz, Michal 3, 794±801Salonikan Jews, role of 3, 142±3
Warwick, Nigel 3, 776Washington Conference on Holocaust-Era
Assets 2, 895, 906, 911Wasser, Hersh 1, 482,Wasserstein, Bernard 1, 146, 147; 3, 284Watson, James 2, 136, 141±2Wdowinski, David 1, 221We Remember
see under VaticanWebber, Jonathan 3, 345
Holocaust memory, representation andeducation 3, 237±47
Weber, Bruce 3, 728Weber, Bruno 1, 753±4Weber, Christian 1, 615Weber, Eugen 1, 780Weber, Mark 1, 872Weber, Max 3, 430Webster, Ronald
Stewart W. Herman, Pastor of the AmericanChurch in Berlin 2, 635±49
Wegener, Paul 3, 693±4Wehler, Hans-Ulrich 3, 411Weichert, Michael 1, 315Weich-Shahak, Susana 3, 146Weidermann, Volker 3, 775±6Weidner, John H. 2, 336Weidt, Otto 1, 593Weil, Simone 3, 622Weill, Emmanuel 1, 685Weill, Julien 1, 685Weill, Nicolas 1, 679Weill-HalleÂ, Benjamin 1, 676, 677, 683Weinbaum, Alexander 1, 420Weinberg, H. 2, 566Weinberg, Yosel 3, 3±4Weiner, S. 3, 587
Weininger, Otto 3, 699Weisberg, Richard
Vichy France, the Catholic Church and itstreatment of the Jewish question 2,509±30
Weiss family, ransom of 1, 375, 377Weiss, Rabbi Avi 3, 326Weiss, Rabbi Avraham 2, 664, 666Weiss, Bedrich 3, 808Weiss, Franz 1, 276Weiss, John 1, 496Weiss, Martin 1, 489Weiss, Peter, The Investigation 2, 181±2Weiss, Philip 3, 32, 35Weiss, Rudolf 1, 451Weiss, Sheila 2, 135Weissenberg, I.M. 3, 818Weissmandl, Dov 2, 833Weisssberg, Liliane 2, 172WeiszaÈcker, Richard von 3, 653Weitz, Eric
race and nation under Nazi and Sovietpower 1, 113±29
Weitzman, Lenore 1, 6Jews living on false papers in Germany and
Poland 1, 589±609Weitzman, Mark
internet, right-wing extremism on 1, 911±25Weizmann, Chaim 1, 798WeizsaÈcker, Richard von 3, 430, 431WeizsaÈcker, Viktor, von 1, 743Welch, David 3, 697Weliczker, Leon 3, 110Welles, Sumner 2, 364Wells, Leon Weliczker 1, 391, 406Weltmann, Martin (Touval, Meier) 1, 521Wengst, Klaus 2, 614Werber, Jack 2, 324±5Werenfels, Stina 3, 470±71Werfel, Franz 2, 351±2Werge, Asger Dan 1, 506Wermuth, Max 1, 222Wershof, Max 1, 715West, Cornel 2, 778Westerbork 1, 528, 530, 531
Cohen, Dr Elie 1, 327Frank, Anne 1, 284±5gemilat chesed and moral behaviour at 2,
36±53Hillesum, Etty 1, 399survivor testimony 2, 43±7
Westerweel, Joop 1, 537Wettstein, Fritz, von 1, 663±4Weyermann, Hans 1, 449, 451Whyte, George
(with Sarah Nathan-Davis) RFTF, thecommemorative concerts 3, 680±83
Wickham, Chris 3, 232Wiedergutmachung 3, 48
964 Index
Wiedmer, Carolinespatial imagery in Swiss memory discourse 3,
466±77Wiegand, William K. 2, 437Wielgus, Jeanne
religious cf. irreligious rescuers 2, 309±18Wiesel, Elie 1, 7, 10, 17, 251, 392, 394, 399±400,
481, 488±9, 807, 813, 819; 2, 6, 191, 365,654, 666, 669, 745, 756, 761, 776, 876; 3,76, 81, 110, 167±8, 168, 270±71, 327±8,334, 394, 402, 407, 411, 438, 442, 449, 515,567, 629, 824, 828
Bitburg, President Reagan's visit to 3, 430RFTF 2000, Opening Address 1, 8±11
Wiesenthal, Simon 2, 725±6, 818, 828Canada, list of war criminals living in 1, 715Documentation Centre 3, 109see also Simon Wiesenthal Foundation
Wieviorka, Annette 1, 320, 679; 3, 109Wikiel, Jan 2, 341Wilcox, Larry
the Holocaust in early documentary films 3,478±500
Wild, Stephan 1, 573Wildmann, Daniel 1, 73
the `second persecution': legal discourse and theconstruction of history in Switzerland' 2,938±51
Wilkes, Georgechanging attitudes to the `European-ness' of the
Holocaust 1, 130±52Wilkomirski, Benjamin 3, 167, 211, 785Wille, Bruno 1, 646Williams, H.A. 1, 401±2Williamson, Clark 2, 685Willis, Aaron 1, 872Willis, Robert E. 2, 182, 194, 536, 705, 720Wilson, A.J. 2, 562Wilson, A.N. 2, 524Wilson, Justice Bertha 2, 867±8Winnicott, Donald 3, 56, 120Winrod, Gordon 1, 871Wipperman, Wolfgang 3, 411Wirth, Christian 2, 59Wirth, Joseph 2, 469Wirths, Eduard 1, 284, 320, 329, 755±6Wise, Michael 3, 837Wisliceny, Dieter 1, 372, 377, 378Wistrich, Robert 1, 911; 2, 426, 428, 430, 431,
433, 434, 669Witkin, Jerome 3, 722±4, 837, 838Wittenbrink, Johannes 2, 500±501Witts, M. 2, 43Wolf, Emile 2, 956Wolfson, Marion 1, 575±6Wollaston, Isabel
`nativizing' the Holocaust 3, 501±12women
in the camps 1, 228±57
women, cont.ghettos, prostitution in 1, 222Holocaust experiences of 1, 228±57; 3, 568±9Holocaust writing 3, 751±68Jewish mothers and Holocaust 1, 230±47Judaism , role in 3, 278±9in male American Holocaust literature 3, 752±3Ravensbruck 3, 172±88in resistance movements 1, 552±69in the resistance, portrayal in literature 3,
761±2survivors, in RavensbruÈck 3, 172±88survivors, portrayal in cinema 3, 739±50in the Third Reich 1, 554±6women's orchestra, Auschwitz 3, 808
Women's Frontierracism on the internet 1, 915±16
World at War (TV series)reception, South Africa 1, 861
World Church of the Creator 1, 915, 2, 534±5,739, 826
World Health Organization 3, 72, 73World Jewish Congress 2, 952
RavensbruÈck, negotiations for release ofprisoners to Sweden 3, 173±5
World Jewish Restitution Organization 2, 877Woskin, Moizis 1, 268Wrubel, J. 2, 40Wulf, Joseph 3, 422, 610Wurm, Bishop 2, 623WuÈrzburger, Siegfried 1, 414±15Wyler, Veit 2, 911Wyman, David 2, 364, 366Wynter, Sylvia 2, 190Wyschogrod, Edith 2, 163Wytwycky, Bohdan 1, 50
Yablonovski, Misha 3, 302Yad Vashem
Archive 1, 313, 589; 3, 24, 109Daghani archive, inability to accept 3, 207±8Education Department 3, 552±3Holocaust denial curriculum 1, 872Holocaust education 3, 521, 578±89Holocaust victims database 3, 170±71Pages of Testimony 3, 169, 548Righteous Among the Nations 1, 15±17, 315;
2, 256, 345Albanians 1, 22Belarus 1, 161France 3, 7motivation of 2, 334±46Serbia 1, 515Zwartendijk, Jan van 2, 274±5
Yahil, Leni 1,Yahil, Leni 1, 145, 539Yale University
Video Archive for Holocaust Testimonies(Fortunoff archive) 3, 189±204, 562
Index 965
Yanchiker, Rabbi Nachum 1, 390Yarlott, G. 3, 586Yasue, Captain Norihigo 2, 14Yearley, Lee 1, 404yellow star
in Oxford, 1222 1, 5deportation for not wearing 1, 593Jewish responses to 1, 240±41
Yemelianov, Valerii 1, 888, 890Yerushalmi, Eliezer 1, 490Yerushalmi, Yosef 1, 405; 2, 445, 821, 824; 3,
267±8Yesner, Renate 1, 220Yishuv
Farhud, response to 1, 578±9Yizhar, S. 3, 96Yonan, Gabriele 1, 506±7Yonover, Geri
return of Nazi-looted art: choice of lawissues 2, 952±65
Yosef, Rabbi Yehiel benYoung, James 1, 214; 2, 440±41; 3, 191, 192, 193,
402, 441, 504, 508, 567, 590, 591, 779, 861,862
Youth AliyahSwitzerland, homes for refugees 2, 290, 291
Yudkin, Leon 3, 89Yugoslavia
Holocaust in 1, 512±26; 3, 143Jewish property, appropriation of 1, 622±3Yugoslav Jews fleeing the Holocaust 1, 512±26
Yugoslavia, formergenocide in 1, 44, 51, 59, 63
Yung, Chunlou(with Jolanta Ambrosewicz) teaching about
the Holocaust in post-1989 Poland 3,525±44
Zahn, Gordon 2, 155±6Zajde, Nathalie 3, 80±81Zaki, Yaqub 1, 866Zambrzhitsky, Fr. Konstantin 2, 484Zandman, Felix 2, 336Zaro, Amy
Nazi euthanasia programme and contemporarydebates on physician-assisted suicide 2,198±213
Zaverdinos, C. 1, 865Zegota
and rescue in Poland 2, 665Zeitlin, Hillel 3, 269Zelenka, Frantisek 1, 261Zelkowicz, Joseph 1, 340±41, 343, 345±6Zhdanov, Andrei 1, 363Ziegler, Wilhelm 1, 633, 638Ziemian, Jozef 1, 222Zilberschein, Alfred 1, 518Zimanas, Genrikas 1, 850Zionism
Catholic opposition to 2, 463diary writers and 1, 221Parkes, James on 2, 578±9Poland, education during the Nazi
occupation 1, 289±90`real' cf `refugee' (Novick) 3, 312±14Theresienstadt lectures on 1, 267±8United Church of Canada's attitude to 2,
562±74Zionist Rescue Committee 1, 376±9Zionists
Bahgdad Farhud, response to 1, 578±9child survivors' emigration to Palestine 3, 27European Jewry, view of 1, 139±40Hungary, rescue attempts 1, 371±88Jewish refugee children in Switzerland, call
for 2, 290Zitelman, Rainer 3, 368Ziuganov, Gennady 1, 892Zoepf, Wilhelm 1, 531Zucker, Otto 1, 275±6Zuckerman, Yitzhak 1, 221, 482ZuÈndel, Ernst 1, 773±5, 832±5, 870, 872, 920ZuÈrcher, Franz 1, 500Zuroff, Efraim
We Remember, response to 2, 429Zvi, Ben 1, 578Zwartendijk, Jan van 2, 271±80Zweibaum, Julius 1, 281Zwicker, Bruno 1, 274Zyklon B
development of 2, 57±8humanitarian concern and use of 2, 54±65
Zylberberg, Michael 1, 483Zywulska, Katerina 1, 222
966 Index
Related Documents
