Ethical Use Of Information

ETHICAL USE OF ETHICAL USE OF INFORMATIONINFORMATION

Learning to Use and Create References

LV Rogers Secondary School, Nelson, BC 09/2008

Right or wrong?Right or wrong?

• A person in your gym class fails to close his or her locker properly. You help yourself to their scientific calculator because you can’t afford one and they were stupid enough not to lock their locker.

Right or wrong?Right or wrong?

• You find a pair of Bomber sweats in the weight room. Someone took yours last year, so you take this pair. Now you’re even.

Right or wrong?Right or wrong?

• You get an essay back from a teacher, and you’ve got a good mark. Someone in the class who hasn’t done theirs yet asks you for it. You let them have it because you don’t want to look like a geek, and anyway, you’re not the one who is cheating.

Right or wrong?Right or wrong?

• You are researching a project on World War I. You get lots of information from the online encyclopedia and the Internet. You cut and paste it into a great essay, complete with photographs. You do not say where you got your information from, because you want the teacher to think they were all your ideas.

Stealing is wrongStealing is wrong

Whether you take an object, an idea or someone’s work.

Plagiarism is theftPlagiarism is theft

• Plagiarism is using the ideas and writings of others and representing them as your own. Taking the work, skills and ideas of another person and pretending they are your own is intellectual theft. It is wrong.

• Fortunately, there are ways of doing research that will allow you to avoid committing plagiarism.

Why do people plagiarize?Why do people plagiarize?

• Not knowing any better• Pressure/ competition• Lack of confidence• Work perceived as too hard• Lack of consequences• Boredom/ lack of interest/ laziness• Arrogance

Avoiding plagiarism Avoiding plagiarism

• Taking good notes and keeping track of your sources will help you avoid plagiarism.

• Here are three ways to use the information you find while you’re researching:• Summarizing.• Paraphrasing.• Quoting directly.

SummarizingSummarizingLike paraphrase, a summary records information in differentdifferent words but much more briefly

You write a general statement of the author’s content or position

Be sure each page has a heading and reference to the source you used for your parenthetical reference and bibliography

YOU STILL NEED TO CITE YOUR SOURCE!

ParaphrasingParaphrasing• Translates all of the content into

different different words• Helps you understand the material• Records the author’s reasoning and

details• This is time consuming so be sure

the information you paraphrase is relevant

• YOU STILL NEED TO CITE THIS AS A SOURCE!

Direct QuotationsDirect Quotations

• Records the source’s exact words• Use only when the author’s wording

makes a point extraordinarily vivid, concise or imaginative

• Too much can be time consuming, awkward, and interfere with your really understanding the material

Steps to taking good notesSteps to taking good notes

• As you examine each source, make separate notes of each fact , point of view or quotation you might want to use in your essay.

• Be sure to use a method that best suits your style but be above all be ORGANIZED in how you keep your notes

Note taking ExamplesNote taking Examples

• Your package includes some Your package includes some examples of note taking formsexamples of note taking forms

• Use any model you feel comfortable Use any model you feel comfortable with or create your ownwith or create your own

• Your teachers may ask you to hand Your teachers may ask you to hand these in with your essaysthese in with your essays

Document everythingDocument everything

• Be sure to identify the source of the information on the note taking worksheet .

• Include the author's name, book title, web site, magazine name, article title, page number, etc. to identify the source of the information.

Creating a Reference List Creating a Reference List

• Tip: Record your sources as you go! Mr. Yasinchuk has sheets to help with this.

BooksBooks

• Author’s name, last name first. Use initials only for first and middle name. Follow by a period and a space.

• Date of publication in brackets, followed by a period and a space.

• Title of book in italics followed by a period and a space.

• City, colon, name of publisher, period.

How it looks…How it looks…

• Gough, B. (1997). First across the continent: Sir Alexander MacKenzie. Toronto: McLellan & Stewart.

EncyclopediaEncyclopedia

• Author of article (see end of article).• Year in brackets period space.• Title of article period space.• In name of encyclopedia (in italics) no

punctuation• Volume and page number in brackets,

period space.• City: publisher.

How it looks…How it looks…

• Stevens, C. F. (2000). Nervous system. In World Book Encyclopedia (Vol. 14, pp. 132- 136). Chicago: World Book Inc.

WebsitesWebsites

• Author’s name, period, space. (Omit if there is no author given.)

• Date of site creation in brackets, followed by a period, space.

• Title of page in italics, period, space.• Retrieved (date) from (url) no period

How it looks…How it looks…• Schrock, K. (1995, June 1). Kathy Schrock's

Guide for Educators. Retrieved December 11, 2004, from

http://school.discovery.com/schrock_guide/

• GVU’s 8th www user survey. (n.d.). Retrieved August 8, 2005, from http://www.cc.gatech.edu/gvu/user_surveys/survey=1997-10/

TipTip

• The less reference information you can find on a website, the less reliable its other information tends to be.

Databases (Infotrac)Databases (Infotrac)

• Author’s name, period, space. (Omit if there is no author given.)

• Date article written in brackets period space.• Title of article period space.• Name of journal in italics comma volume

number in italics comma page number period.

• Retrieved (date) from (name of database) period.

How it looks…How it looks…

• Siegel, M. K. (Nov 28, 2005). Afraid of the Bird Flu? The Worse Virus Is

Fear: A pandemic that isn't even here is driving my patients crazy. Fortune,

152, 61. Retrieved November 28, 2005, from InfoTrac database.

Putting References TogetherPutting References Together

• Sort references in alphabetical order.• Use a “hanging indent” – that is, indent

the second and any subsequent lines.• Copy the title exactly.

How it looks…How it looks…• Gough, B. (1997). First across the continent: Sir Alexander

MacKenzie. Toronto: McLellan & Stewart.

• GVU’s 8th www user survey. (n.d.). Retrieved August 8, 2000, from http://www.cc.gatech.edu/gvu/user_surveys/survey=1997-10/

• Schrock, K. (1995, June 1). Kathy Schrock's Guide for Educators. Retrieved December 11, 2003, from http://school.discovery.com/schrockguide/

• Siegel, M. K. (Nov 28, 2005). Afraid of the Bird Flu? The Worse Virus Is Fear: A pandemic that isn't even here is driving my patients crazy. Fortune, 152, 61. Retrieved November 28, 2005, from InfoTrac database.

• Stevens, C. F. (2000). Nervous system. In World Book Encyclopedia (Vol. 14, pp. 132-136). Chicago: World Book Inc.

Where to Get More InformationWhere to Get More Information

• As you can see, there are special formats for each type of source: magazines, newspaper articles, films, personal conversations, etc.

• Your librarian has sheets on how to prepare a good reference list no matter what sources you use.

Good luck with your next Good luck with your next research paper!research paper!

ReferencesReferences

• Misser, E. (n.d.). How to use sources and avoid plagiarism. Retrieved December 9, 2003, from http://www.wlu.ca/writing/handouts/usesources.htm

• Preate, S. (2002). Internet plagiarism. Presentation at the Cortland Jr. Sr. High School Professional Development Day, Syracuse, New York.

Your AssignmentYour Assignment

1. Choose a topic and locate TWO electronic sources; and

2. Locate TWO non-electronic sources3. Create a completed Works Cited

page using MLA style4. Save it and email it to me (in the

subject line type your name/Works Cited Assignment) at [email protected]