Ethical Aspects of Open Access in Health Research by Dr Amanda Burls is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3. 0 Unported License . Ethical Aspects of Open Access in Health Research Amanda Burls, Department of Primary Care Health Sciences
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Ethical Aspects of Open Access in Health Research by Dr Amanda Burls is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.
Ethical Aspects of Open Accessin Health Research
Amanda Burls, Department of Primary Care Health Sciences
Ethical Aspects of Open Access in Health Research by Dr Amanda Burls is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.
Sent: 19 January 2010 15:45To: Dr Amanda BurlsSubject: RE: Yoghurt trial Dear Amanda,
The trial is not yet in press - this is in part due to the much longer than anticipated further analysis of the data at the funders request. In summary this was a negative trial - although both groups demonstrated benefit, those in the active product group did not show greater benefit and at times the difference actually favoured the control product….
Ethical Aspects of Open Access in Health Research by Dr Amanda Burls is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.
Publication bias
• There is bias in the outcomes reported– “Statistically significant” ones preferentially
cited (OR 2.7; 95% CI 1.5–5.0) – Primary outcomes differed between protocols
and publications for 40% of the trials.
Dwan K et al. 2008 Systematic Review of the Empirical Evidence of Study Publication Bias and Outcome Reporting Bias. PLoS ONE 3(8): e3081. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003081
Chan et al CMAJ September 28, 2004 vol. 171 no. 7 doi: 10.1503/cmaj.1041086
Ethical Aspects of Open Access in Health Research by Dr Amanda Burls is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.
Peter Gøtzsche
“It has been amply documented that the current situation, with selective reporting of favourable research and biased data analyses being the rule rather than the exception, is harmful to patients and has led to the death of tens of thousands of patients that could easily have been avoided.” http://www.allea.org/Content/ALLEA/SC%20Science%20Ethics/Prague%20-%20June%202011/att.9b.1-G%C3%B8tzsche-data-sharing.pdf
Ethical Aspects of Open Access in Health Research by Dr Amanda Burls is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.
Altruism as reason for entering a trial
European Journal of Cancer CareVolume 14, Issue 2, pages 166-170, 14 APR 2005 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2354.2005.00535.xhttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2354.2005.00535.x/full#f1
Ethical Aspects of Open Access in Health Research by Dr Amanda Burls is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.
Altruism most important reason for participants in HIV/AIDS trials study
M. W. Ross, K. Jeffords & J. Gold (1994): Reasons for entry into and understanding of HIV/AIDS clinical trials: A preliminary study, AIDS Care: Psychological and Sociomedical Aspects of AIDS/HIV, 6:1, 77-82http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09540129408258027
Ethical Aspects of Open Access in Health Research by Dr Amanda Burls is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.
The cost of ignorance“I recently met a physician from southern Africa, engaged in perinatal
HIV prevention, whose primary access to information was abstracts
posted on the Internet. Based on a single abstract, they had altered
their perinatal HIV prevention program from an effective therapy to one
with lesser efficacy. Had they read the full text article they would have
undoubtedly realized that the study results were based on short-term
follow-up, a small pivotal group, incomplete data, and unlikely to be
applicable to their country situation. Their decision to alter treatment
based solely on the abstract's conclusions may have resulted in
increased perinatal HIV transmission.” Arthur Amman, President of Global Strategies for HIV Prevention cited in PLoS Medicine Editors (2006) The Impact of Open Access upon Public Health. PLoS Med 3(5): e252
Ethical Aspects of Open Access in Health Research by Dr Amanda Burls is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.
The Cochrane Collaboration is an international, not-for-profit, independent organisation, dedicated to making up-to-date, accurate, information about the effects of healthcare readily available worldwide.
We produce and disseminate systematic reviews of healthcare interventions searching carefully to try and find all randomised controlled trials to reduce bias.
Ethical Aspects of Open Access in Health Research by Dr Amanda Burls is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.
From: Amanda Burls [mailto:[email protected]] Sent: 05 November 2010 18:11To: ORASubject: RE: Agreements with journals…Has the University considered making it a part of the employment contract that all research done within the University, or under the auspices of the University, should be published in public access journals or made available on the ORA? I think that, in the health sciences at least, it is becoming increasingly recognised that it is unethical not to make research methods and findings available to all. The University should take the lead on this so that, when the next generation look back in astonishment and ask “how could people have felt is was ethical to prevent free access to health knowledge” (as we do on the last generation, “how could they do trials on people without asking for informed consent?”), Oxford’s leadership role will shine forth! Best wishes Amanda_____________________________________________________Dr Amanda BurlsDirector of Postgraduate Programmes in Evidence-Based Health CareDepartment of Primary Health CareUniversity of Oxford
Ethical Aspects of Open Access in Health Research by Dr Amanda Burls is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.
The majority of OA journals are no-fee
“… the discussion of OA journals has been harmed by a family of false assumptions: that all OA journals are fee-based; that all good OA journals must be fee-based; that author-side fees are "author fees" to be paid by authors out of pocket.”
Peter Suberhttp://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/newsletter/11-02-06.htm#nofee
Ethical Aspects of Open Access in Health Research by Dr Amanda Burls is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.
Problem?: cost of publishing with OA
Solutions:
1. Include OA publication costs in grant application
2. Set up funds for publication costs– About 40 Universities worldwide have done so
• http://oad.simmons.edu/oadwiki/OA_journal_funds
3. No-fee OA journals– Most OA journals are no fee
• Suber and Sutton 2007 83%• Hooker 2007 67% (full OA journals in DOAJ)• Morrison 2009 90% (psychology journals in DOAJ• Sheiber 2009 70.3% (full OA journals in DOAJ)
Ethical Aspects of Open Access in Health Research by Dr Amanda Burls is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.
Oxford could…
• Pro-actively identify and deposit copies of all journal articles published by staff, and all approved dissertations by graduate students, in their institutional repository.
• Require deposition of all research in the ORA.• Make it a requirement that we cannot give away