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NutricinHospitalaria
Vol. 28. N. 2. Marzo-Abril 2013
ARTCULO ESPECIAL. SPECIAL ARTICLE Tercera Leccin Jess Culebras -
Biologa Molecular y Nutricin Clnica; dnde estamos y adnde vamos?
Third Jess Culebras Lecture - Molecular Biology and Clinical
Nutrition; where do we stand and where we go? ...... 241
REVISIONES. REVIEWS La alimentacin de la madre durante el
embarazo condiciona el desarrollo pancretico, el estatus hormonal
del feto y la concentracin de biomarcadores al nacimiento de
diabetes mellitus y sndrome metablico Maternal nutrition during
pregnancy conditions the fetal pancreas development, hormonal
status and diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome biomarkers at
birth
..........................................................................................................
250
Las dietas de muy bajo valor calrico (DMBVC) en el manejo clnico
de la obesidad mrbida Very low calorie diets in clinical management
of morbid obesity
............................................................................................
275 Valores del ngulo de fase por bioimpendancia elctrica; estado
nutricional y valor pronstico Values of the phase angle by
bioelectrical impedance; nutritional status and prognostic value
........................................ 286 El efecto del consumo
de semillas oleaginosas en el apetito y en el riesgo de desarrollar
diabetes mellitus tipo 2 The effect of oilseed consumption on the
appetite and on the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus
........................ 296ORIGINALES. ORIGINALS Ingesta de calcio
y vitamina D en una muestra representativa de mujeres espaolas;
problemtica especfica
en menopausia Calcium and vitamin D intakes in a representative
sample of Spanish women; particular problem in menopause ........
306 Valoracin del estado nutricional en el anciano; evaluacin de
las ecuaciones de Chumlea para el clculo del peso Assessing
nutritional status in the elderly; evaluation of Chumleas equations
for weight ................................................ 314
Estudio nutricional de un equipo de ftbol de tercera divisin
Nutritional study of a third division soccer team
..................................................................................................................
319 El ejercicio agudo alimenta las concentraciones de homocistena
en varones fsicamente activos Acute physical exercise increases
homocysteine concentrations in young trained male subjects
...................................... 325
RGANO OFICIAL DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE NUTRICIN PARENTERAL Y
ENTERALRGANO OFICIAL DEL CENTRO INTERNACIONAL VIRTUAL DE
INVESTIGACIN EN NUTRICIN
RGANO OFICIAL DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE NUTRICINRGANO OFICIAL
DE LA FEDERACIN LATINO AMERICANA DE NUTRICIN PARENTERAL Y
ENTERAL
RGANO OFICIAL DE LA FEDERACIN ESPAOLA DE SOCIEDADES DE NUTRICIN,
ALIMENTACIN Y DIETTICA
Nutr Hosp. 2013;(2)28:241-552 ISSN (Versin papel): 0212-1611
ISSN (Versin electrnica): 1699-5198 CODEN NUHOEQ S.V.R. 318Incluida
en EMBASE (Excerpta Medica), MEDLINE (Index Medicus), Chemical
Abstracts, Cinahl, Cochrane plus, Ebsco, Indice Mdico Espaol,
preIBECS, IBECS, MEDES, SENIOR, ScIELO, Science Citation Index
Expanded (SciSearch), Cancerlit, Toxline, Aidsline, Health Planning
Administration y REDALYC
NDICE COMPLETO EN EL INTERIOR DE LA REVISTA
www.nutricionhospitalaria.com
ISSN 0212-16110 1 8 0 2
00. PORTADA 2-2013 (I. DIGITAL)_PORTADA 15/03/13 08:35 Pgina
I
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Vol. 28N. 2 MARZO-ABRIL 2013
ISSN (Versin papel): 0212-1611ISSN (Versin electrnica):
1699-5198
N. 2Marzo-Abril 2013 Vol. 28
Periodicidad bimestral
AULA MDICA EDICIONES (Grupo Aula Mdica, S.L.) 2013 Reservados
todos los derechos de edicin. Se prohbe la reproduccin
o transmisin, total o parcial de los artculos contenidos en este
nmero, ya sea por medio automtico, de fotocopia o sistema de
grabacin,
sin la autorizacin expresa de los editores.
www.grupoaulamedica.com www.libreriasaulamedica.com
Edicin y AdministracinAULA MDICA EDICIONES(Grupo Aula Mdica,
S.L.)
OFICINAPaseo del Pintor Rosales, 26
28008 MadridTel.: 913 576 609 - Fax: 913 576 521
www.libreriasaulamedica.comDep. Legal: M-34.850-1982
Soporte vlido: 19/05-R-CMISSN (Versin papel): 0212-1611
ISSN (Versin electrnica): 1699-5198
Suscripcin y pedidosAULA MDICA EDICIONES(Grupo Aula Mdica,
S.L.)
Tarifas de suscripcin:Profesional
....................................... 182,57 Institucin
........................................ 187,20 Por telfono:
913 576 609 Por fax:
913 576 521 Por e-mail:
[email protected]
www.nutricinhospitalaria.comIMPACT FACTOR 2011: 1,120 (JCR)
RGANO OFICIAL DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPAOLA DE NUTRICIN PARENTERAL Y
ENTERAL
RGANO OFICIAL DEL CENTRO INTERNACIONAL VIRTUALDE INVESTIGACIN EN
NUTRICIN
RGANO OFICIAL DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE NUTRICIONRGANO OFICIAL
DE LA FEDERACIN LATINO AMERICANA
DE NUTRICIN PARENTERAL Y ENTERALRGANO OFICIAL DE LA FEDERACIN
ESPAOLA
DE SOCIEDADES DE NUTRICIN, ALIMENTACIN Y DIETTICA
01. STAFF 2-2013_STAFF 14/03/13 12:06 Pgina III
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Entra enwww.grupoaulamedica.com/web/nutricion.cfm
y podrs acceder a:
Nmero actual
Nmeros anteriores
Enlace con la Web Oficial de laSociedad Espaola de
NutricinParenteral y Enteral
www.senpe.comwww.grupoaulamedica.com
rgano Oficial de la Sociedad Espaola de Nutricin Parenteral y
Enteral
rgano Oficial del Centro InternacionalVirtual de Investigacin en
Nutricin
rgano Oficial de la Sociedad Espaola de Nutricin
rgano Oficial de la Federacin LatinoAmericana de Nutricin
Parenteral y Enteral
rgano Oficial de la Federacin Espaola de Sociedades de Nutricin,
Alimentacin
y Diettica
REVISIN. REVIEW Estabilidad de vitaminas en nutricin
parenteral
Vitamins stability in parenteral nutrition
Suplementacin oral nutricional en pacientes hematolgicosOral
nutritional supplementation in hematologic patients
ORIGINALES. ORIGINALS Factores de riesgo para el sobrepeso y la
obesidad en adolescentes de una universidad de Brasil: un estudio
de casos-control
Risk factors for overweight and obesity in adolescents of a
Brazilian university: a case-control study Indicadores de calidad
en ciruga baritrica. Valoracin de la prdida de peso
Quality indicators in bariatric surgery. Weight loss valoration
Euglucemia y normolipidemia despes de derivacin gstrica
anti-obesidad
Euglycemia and normolipidemia after anti-obesity gastric bypass
Efecto del baln intragstrico como mtodo alternativo en la prdida de
peso en pacientes obesos. Valencia-Venezuela
Effect of the intragastric balloon as alternative method in the
loss of weight in obese patients. Valencia-Venezuela Estado
nutricional y caractersticas de la dieta de un grupo de
adolescentes de la localidad rural de Calama, Bolivia
Nutritional status and diet characteristics of a group of
adolescents from the rural locality Calama, Bolivia Comparacin del
diagnstico nutritivo, obtenido por diferentes mtodos e indicadores,
en pacientes con cncer
Comparison of the nutritional diagnosis, obtained through
different methods and indicators, in patients with cancer
Fiabilidad de los instrumentos de valoracin nutritiva para predecir
una mala evolucin clnica en hospitalizados
Accuracy of nutritional assessment tools for predicting adverse
hospital outcomes Valoracin de la circunferencia de la pantorrilla
como indicador de riesgo de desnutricin en personas mayores
Assessment of calf circumference as an indicator of the risk for
hyponutrition in the elderly Impacto de la introduccin de un
programa de nutricin parenteral por la unidad de nutricin clnica en
pacientes quirrgicos
Impact of the implementation of a parenteral nutrition program
by the clinical nutrition unit in surgical patients Complicaciones
inmediatas de la gastrostoma percutnea de alimentacin: 10 aos de
experiencia
Inmediate complications or feeding percutaneous gastrostomy: a
10-year experience Evaluacin del ndice de adecuacin de la dieta
mediterrnea de un colectivo de ciclistas jvenes
Assessment of the mediterranean diet adequacy index of a
collective of young cyclists Efecto de una dieta con productos
modificados de textura en pacientes ancianos ambulatorios
Effect o a diet with products in texture modified diets in
elderly ambulatory patients
977
0212
1610
04
01801
ISSN
02
12-1
611
www.grupoaulamedica.com/web/nutricion.cfm
Nutr Hosp. 2009;(1)24:1-110 ISSN: 0212-1611 CODEN NUHOEQ S.V.R.
318Incluida en EMBASE (Excerpta Medica), MEDLINE (Index Medicus),
Chemical Abstracts, Cinahl, Cochrane plus, Ebsco,
Indice Mdico Espaol, preIBECS, IBECS, MEDES, SENIOR, ScIELO,
Science Citation Index Expanded (SciSearch), Cancerlit, Toxline,
Aidsline y Health Planning Administration
RGANO OFICIAL DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPAOLA DE NUTRICIN PARENTERAL Y
ENTERALRGANO OFICIAL DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPAOLA DE NUTRICIN
RGANO OFICIAL DE LA FEDERACIN LATINO AMERICANA DE NUTRICIN
PARENTERAL Y ENTERALRGANO OFICIAL DE LA FEDERACIN ESPAOLA DE
SOCIEDADES DE NUTRICIN, ALIMENTACIN Y DIETTICA
NutricinHospitalaria
Vol. 24. N. 1. Enero-Febrero 2009
NDICE COMPLETO EN EL INTERIOR
NUTRICIN HOSPITALARIA
Vistanos en internet
Esta publicacin recoge revisiones y trabajos originales,
experi-mentales o clnicos, relacionados con el vasto campo de
lanutricin. Su nmero extraordinario, dedicado a la reunin oCongreso
Nacional de la Sociedad Espaola de Nutricin Pa-renteral y Enteral,
presenta en sus pginas los avances ms im-portantes en este
campo.
Esta publicacin se encuentra incluida en EMBASE
(ExcerptaMedica), MEDLINE, (Index Medicus), Chemical
Abstracts,Cinahl, Cochrane plus, Ebsco, ndice Mdico Espaol,
preIBECS,IBECS, MEDES, SENIOR, ScIELO, Science Citation
IndexExpanded (SciSearch), Cancerlit, Toxline, Aidsline y
HealthPlanning Administration
Director: J. M. Culebras Fernndez.Redactor Jefe: A. Garca de
Lorenzo.
www.nutricionhospitalaria.com
NUTRICION HOSPITALARIA
VISITANOS EN INTERNET (NUEVA):VISITANOS EN INTERNET (NUEVA)
14/09/12 10:23 Pgina 1
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NUTRICIN HOSPITALARIA, es la publicacin cientfica oficial de la
Sociedad Espaola de Nutricin Parenteral y Enteral (SENPE), de
laSociedad Espaola de Nutricin (SEN), de la Federacin Latino
Americana de Nutricin Parenteral y Enteral (FELANPE) y de la
Federa-cin Espaola de Sociedades de Nutricin, Alimentacin y
Diettica (FESNAD).
Publica trabajos en castellano e ingls sobre temas relacionados
con el vasto campo de la nutricin. El envo de un manuscrito a
larevista implica que es original y no ha sido publicado, ni est
siendo evaluado para publicacin, en otra revista y deben haberse
elabo-rado siguiendo los Requisitos de Uniformidad del Comit
Internacional de Directores de Revistas Mdicas en su ltima versin
(versinoficial disponible en ingls en http://www.icme.org;
correspondiente traduccin al castellano en:
http://www.metodo.uab.es/enlaces/Re-quisitos_de_Uniformidad_2006.pdf).
IMPORTANTE: A la aceptacin y aprobacin definitiva de cada
artculo debern abonarse 150 euros, ms impuestos, en conceptode
contribucin parcial al coste del proceso editorial de la revista.
El autor recibir un comunicado mediante correo electrnico, desdela
empresa editorial, indicndole el procedimiento a seguir.
1. REMISIN Y PRESENTACIN DE MANUSCRITOSLos trabajos se remitirn
por va electrnica a travs del portal www.nutricionhospitalaria.com.
En este portal el autor encontrar directrices y faci-
lidades para la elaboracin de su manuscrito.Cada parte del
manuscrito empezar una pgina, respetando siempre el siguiente
orden:
1.1 Carta de presentacinDeber indicar el Tipo de Artculo que se
remite a consideracin y contendr: Una breve explicacin de cul es su
aportacin as como su relevancia dentro del campo de la nutricin.
Declaracin de que es un texto original y no se encuentra en proceso
de evaluacin por otra revista, que no se trata de publicacin
re-
dundante, as como declaracin de cualquier tipo de conflicto de
intereses o la existencia de cualquier tipo de relacin econmica.
Conformidad de los criterios de autora de todos los firmantes y su
filiacin profesional. Cesin a la revista NUTRICIN HOSPITALARIA de
los derechos exclusivos para editar, publicar, reproducir,
distribuir copias, preparar trabajos
derivados en papel, electrnicos o multimedia e incluir el
artculo en ndices nacionales e internacionales o bases de datos.
Nombre completo, direccin postal y electrnica, telfono e institucin
del autor principal o responsable de la correspondencia. Cuando se
presenten estudios realizados en seres humanos, debe enunciarse el
cumplimiento de las normas ticas del Comit de In-
vestigacin o de Ensayos Clnicos correspondiente y de la
Declaracin de Helsinki vigente, disponible en:
http://www.wma.net/s/index.htm.
1.2 Pgina de ttuloSe indicarn, en el orden que aqu se cita, los
siguientes datos: ttulo del artculo (en castellano y en ingls); se
evitarn smbolos y acrnimos
que no sean de uso comn.Nombre completo y apellido de todos los
autores, separados entre s por una coma. Se aconseja que figure un
mximo de ocho autores, fi-
gurando el resto en un anexo al final del texto.Mediante nmeros
arbigos, en superndice, se relacionar a cada autor, si procede, con
el nombre de la institucin a la que pertenecen.Podr volverse a
enunciar los datos del autor responsable de la correspondencia que
ya se deben haber incluido en la carta de presenta-
cin.En la parte inferior se especificar el nmero total de
palabras del cuerpo del artculo (excluyendo la carta de
presentacin, el resumen,
agradecimientos, referencias bibliogrficas, tablas y
figuras).1.3 Resumen
Ser estructurado en el caso de originales, originales breves y
revisiones, cumplimentando los apartados de Introduccin, Objetivos,
Mtodos,Resultados y Discusin (Conclusiones, en su caso). Deber ser
comprensible por s mismo y no contendr citas bibliogrficas.
Encabezando nueva pgina se incluir la traduccin al ingls del
resumen y las palabras clave, con idntica estructuracin. En caso de
noincluirse, la traduccin ser realizada por la propia revista.1.4
Palabras clave
Debe incluirse al final de resumen un mximo de 5 palabras clave
que coincidirn con los Descriptores del Medical Subjects
Headings(MeSH):
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=mesh1.5
Abreviaturas
Se incluir un listado de las abreviaturas presentes en el cuerpo
del trabajo con su correspondiente explicacin. Asimismo, se
indicarn laprimera vez que aparezcan en el texto del artculo.1.6
Texto
Estructurado en el caso de originales, originales breves y
revisiones, cumplimentando los apartados de Introduccin, Objetivos,
Mtodos,Resultados y Discusin (Conclusiones, en su caso).
Se deben citar aquellas referencias bibliogrficas estrictamente
necesarias teniendo en cuenta criterios de pertinencia y
relevancia.En la metodologa, se especificar el diseo, la poblacin a
estudio, los mtodos estadsticos empleados, los procedimientos y las
normas
ticas seguidas en caso de ser necesarias.1.7 Anexos
Material suplementario que sea necesario para el entendimiento
del trabajo a publicar.1.8 Agradecimientos
Esta seccin debe reconocer las ayudas materiales y econmicas, de
cualquier ndole, recibidas. Se indicar el organismo, institucin
oempresa que las otorga y, en su caso, el nmero de proyecto que se
le asigna. Se valorar positivamente haber contado con ayudas.
Toda persona fsica o jurdica mencionada debe conocer y consentir
su inclusin en este apartado.1.9 Bibliografa
Las citas bibliogrficas deben verificarse mediante los
originales y debern cumplir los Requisitos de Uniformidad del Comit
Internacionalde Directores de Revistas Mdicas, como se ha indicado
anteriormente.
Las referencias bibliogrficas se ordenarn y numerarn por orden
de aparicin en el texto, identificndose mediante nmeros arbigos
ensuperndice.
Las referencias a textos no publicados ni pendiente de ello, se
debern citar entre parntesis en el cuerpo del texto.Para citar las
revistas mdicas se utilizarn las abreviaturas incluidas en el
Journals Database, disponible en: http://www. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
entrez/query.fcgi?db=journals.En su defecto en el catlogo de
publicaciones peridicas en bibliotecas de ciencias de la salud
espaolas: http://www.c17.net/c17/.
NORMAS DE PUBLICACIN PARA LOSAUTORES DE NUTRICIN
HOSPITALARIA
sss
02. NORMAS NUEVAS OK_Maquetacin 1 14/03/13 07:19 Pgina IV
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1.10 Tablas y FigurasEl contenido ser autoexplicativo y los
datos no debern ser redundantes con lo escrito. Las leyendas debern
incluir suficiente informacin
para poder interpretarse sin recurrir al texto y debern estar
escritas en el mismo formato que el resto del manuscrito.Se
clasificarn con nmeros arbigos, de acuerdo con su orden de
aparicin, siendo esta numeracin independiente segn sea tabla o
figura. Llevarn un ttulo informativo en la parte superior y en
caso de necesitar alguna explicacin se situar en la parte inferior.
En amboscasos como parte integrante de la tabla o de la figura.
Se remitirn en fichero aparte, preferiblemente en formato JPEG,
GIFF, TIFF o PowerPoint, o bien al final del texto incluyndose cada
tablao figura en una hoja independiente.1.11 Autorizaciones
Si se aporta material sujeto a copyright o que necesite de
previa autorizacin para su publicacin, se deber acompaar, al
manuscrito, lasautorizaciones correspondientes.
2. TIPOS Y ESTRUCTURA DE LOS TRABAJOS2.1 Original: Trabajo de
investigacin cuantitativa o cualitativa relacionado con cualquier
aspecto de la investigacin en el campo de la nutricin.2.2 Original
breve: Trabajo de la misma caracterstica que el original, que por
sus condiciones especiales y concrecin, puede ser publicadode
manera ms abreviada.2.3 Revisin: Trabajo de revisin,
preferiblemente sistemtica, sobre temas relevantes y de actualidad
para la nutricin.2.4 Notas Clnicas: Descripcin de uno o ms casos,
de excepcional inters que supongan una aportacin al conocimiento
clnico.2.5 Perspectiva: Artculo que desarrolla nuevos aspectos,
tendencias y opiniones. Sirviendo como enlace entre la investigacin
y la sociedad.2.6 Editorial: Artculo sobre temas de inters y
actualidad. Se escribirn a peticin del Comit Editorial.2.7 Carta al
Director: Observacin cientfica y de opinin sobre trabajos
publicados recientemente en la revista, as como otros temas de
re-levante actualidad.2.8 Carta Cientfica: La multiplicacin de los
trabajos originales que se reciben nos obligan a administrar el
espacio fsico de la revisa. Porello en ocasiones pediremos que
algunos originales se reconviertan en carta cientfica cuyas
caractersticas son: Ttulo Autor (es) Filiacin Direccin para
correspondencia Texto mximo 400 palabras Una figura o una tabla
Mximo cinco citasLa publicacin de una Carta Cientfica no es
impedimento para que el artculo in extenso pueda ser publicado
posteriormente en otra revista.2.9 Artculo de Recensin: Comentarios
sobre libros de inters o reciente publicacin. Generalmente a
solicitud del Comit editorial aunquetambin se considerarn aquellos
enviados espontneamente.2.10 Artculo Especial: El Comit Editorial
podr encargar, para esta seccin, otros trabajos de investigacin u
opinin que considere de es-pecial relevancia. Aquellos autores que
de forma voluntaria deseen colaborar en esta seccin, debern
contactar previamente con el Directorde la revista.2.11 Artculo
Preferente: Artculo de revisin y publicacin preferente de aquellos
trabajos de una importancia excepcional. Deben cumplirlos
requisitos sealados en este apartado, segn el tipo de trabajo. En
la carta de presentacin se indicar de forma notoria la solicitud
deArtculo Preferente. Se publicarn en el primer nmero de la revista
posible.
Eventualmente se podr incluir, en la edicin electrnica, una
versin ms extensa o informacin adicional.
3. PROCESO EDITORIALEl Comit de Redaccin acusar recibo de los
trabajos recibidos en la revista e informar, en el plazo ms breve
posible, de su recepcin.Todos los trabajos recibidos, se someten a
evaluacin por el Comit Editorial y por al menos dos revisores
expertos.Los autores puden sugerir revisores que a su juicio sean
expertos sobre el tema. Lgicamente, por motivos ticos obvios, estos
revisores
propuestos deben ser ajenos al trabajo que se enva. Se deber
incluir en el envo del original nombre y apellidos, cargo que
ocupan y emailde los revisores que se proponen.
Las consultas referentes a los manuscritos y su transcurso
editorial, pueden hacerse a travs de la pgina web.Previamente a la
publicacin de los manuscritos, se enviar una prueba al autor
responsable de la correspondencia utilizando el correo
electrnico.
Esta se debe revisar detenidamente, sealar posibles erratas y
devolverla corregida a su procedencia en el plazo mximo de 48
horas. Aquellos autoresque desean recibir separatas debern de
comunicarlo expresamente. El precio de las separatas (25
ejemplares) es de 125 euros + IVA.
Abono en concepto de financiacin parcial de la publicacin. En el
momento de aceptarse un articulo original o una revision no
solicitadase facturar la cantidad de 150 + impuestos para financiar
en parte la publicacin del articulo (vease Culebras JM y A Garcia
de Lorenzo.El factor de impacto de Nutricin Hospitalaria
incrementado y los costes de edicin tambin. Nutr Hosp 2012;
27.(5).
EXTENSIN ORIENTATIVA DE LOS MANUSCRITOS
Original Estructurado Estructurado 5 35 250 palabras 4.000
palabras
Original breve Estructurado Estructurado 2 15 150 palabras 2.000
palabras
Revisin Estructurado Estructurado 6 150 250 palabras 6.000
palabras
Notas clnicas 150 palabras 1.500 palabras 2 10 Perspectiva 150
palabras 1.200 palabras 2 10 Editorial 2.000 palabras 2 10 a 15
Carta al Director 400 palabras 1 5
Tipo de artculo Resumen Texto Tablas y figuras Referencias
02. NORMAS NUEVAS OK_Maquetacin 1 14/03/13 07:19 Pgina V
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Vol. 28N. 2 MARZO-ABRIL 2013
ISSN (Versin papel): 0212-1611ISSN (Versin electrnica):
1699-5198
DIRECTORJESUS M. CULEBRASDe la Real Academia de Medicina y
Ciruga de Valladolid. Ac. Profesor Titular de UniversidadJefe de
Servicio de Ciruga. Complejo Asistencial Universitario de
Len.Miembro del Instituto Universitario de Biomedicina
(IBIOMED)Universidad de Len. Apto 1351, 24080
[email protected]
REDACTOR JEFEA. GARCA DE LORENZO Y MATEOSJefe Clnico del
Servicio de Medicina Intensiva. Servicio de Medicina Intensiva.
Hospital Universitario La Paz. Paseo de la Castellana, 261.
28046Madrid. Director de la Ctedra UAM-Abbott de Medicina Crtica.
Dpto. deCiruga. Universidad Autnoma de
[email protected]
Responsable de Casos ClnicosPILAR RIOBO (Madrid)Responsable para
LatinoamricaDAN L. WAITZBERG (Brasil)Asesor estadstico y
epidemiolgicoGONZALO MARTN PEA (Madrid)Asesor para artculos
bsicosNGEL GIL HERNNDEZ (Granada)Coordinadora con el Comit
Cientfico de SENPEMERCE PLANAS VILA (Barcelona)Coordinadora de
Alimentos funcionalesM. GONZLEZ-GROSS (Madrid)Coordinador con
FelanpeLUIS ALBERTO NIN (Uruguay)
M. ANAYA TURRIENTESM. ARMERO FUSTERJ. LVAREZ HERNNDEZT. BERMEJO
VICEDOM. D. BALLESTEROSP. BOLAOS ROSC. DE LA CUERDA COMPSD. DE
LUISD. CARDONA PERAM. A. CARBAJO CABALLEROS. CELAYA PREZM. CAINZOS
FERNNDEZA. I. COS BLANCOR. DENIA LAFUENTEA. GARCA IGLESIASP. GARCA
PERISP. PABLO GARCA LUNAL. GARCA-SANCHO MARTNC. GMEZ CANDELA
J. GONZLEZ GALLEGOP. GONZLEZ SEVILLAE. JAURRIETA MASJ. JIMNEZ
JIMNEZM. JIMNEZ LENDNEZV. JIMNEZ TORRESS. GRISOLIA GARCAF.
JORQUERAM. A. LEN SANZJ. LPEZ MARTNEZC. MARTN VILLARESA. MIJN DE LA
TORREJ. M. MORENO VILLARESJ. C. MONTEJO GONZLEZC. ORTIZ LEYBAA.
ORTIZ GONZLEZJ. ORDEZ GONZLEZJ. ORTIZ DE URBINAV. PALACIOS
RUBIO
A. PREZ DE LA CRUZM. PLANAS VILAI. POLANCO ALLUEN. PRIM VILAROJ.
A. RODRGUEZ MONTESM. D. RUIZ LPEZI. RUIZ PRIETOF. RUZA TARRIOJ.
SALAS SALVADJ. SNCHEZ NEBRAJ. SANZ VALEROE. TOSCANO NOVELLAM. JESS
TUNJ. L. DE ULIBARRI PREZC. VARA THORBECKG. VARELA MOSQUERAC.
VAZQUEZ MARTNEZC. WANDEN-BERGHE
RGANO OFICIAL DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPAOLA DE NUTRICIN PARENTERAL Y
ENTERALRGANO OFICIAL DEL CENTRO INTERNACIONAL VIRTUAL DE
INVESTIGACIN EN NUTRICIN
RGANO OFICIAL DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPAOLA DE NUTRICINRGANO OFICIAL DE
LA FEDERACIN LATINO AMERICANA DE NUTRICIN PARENTERAL Y ENTERAL
RGANO OFICIAL DE LA FEDERACIN ESPAOLA DE SOCIEDADES DE NUTRICIN,
ALIMENTACIN Y DIETETICA
COMIT DE REDACCIN
COORDINADORES DEL COMIT DE REDACCIN
CoordinadorA. GIL (Espaa)
C. ANGARITA (Colombia)E. ATALAH (Chile)M. E. CAMILO (Portugal)F.
CARRASCO (Chile)A. CRIVELI (Argentina)
J. M. CULEBRAS (Espaa)J. FAINTUCH (Brasil)M. C. FALCAO
(Brasil)A. GARCA DE LORENZO (Espaa)D. DE GIROLAMI (Argentina)J.
KLAASEN (Chile)G. KLIGER (Argentina)L. MENDOZA (Paraguay)L. A.
MORENO (Espaa)
S. MUZZO (Chile)F. J. A. PREZ-CUETO (Bolivia)M. PERMAN
(Argentina)J. SOTOMAYOR (Colombia)H. VANNUCCHI (Brasil)C. VELZQUEZ
ALVA (Mxico)D. WAITZBERG (Brasil)N. ZAVALETA (Per)
CONSEJO EDITORIAL IBEROAMERICANO
NUTRICIN HOSPITALARIA ES PROPIEDAD DE SENPE
IRENE BRETN [email protected]
ALICIA CALLEJA [email protected]
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IGNACIO JUREGUI [email protected]
ROSA ANGLICA LAMA [email protected]
DANIEL DE LUIS [email protected]
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CARMINA [email protected]
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SOCIEDAD ESPAOLA DE NUTRICION PARENTERAL Y ENTERAL
AGRADECIMIENTOS
La Sociedad Espaola de Nutricin Parenteral y Enteral, que tiene
como objetivosdesde su fundacin el potenciar el desarrollo y la
investigacin sobre temas cientficos re-lacionados con el soporte
nutricional, agradece su ayuda a los siguientes
socios-entidadescolaboradoras.
ABBOTT BAXTER S.A. B. BRAUN MEDICAL FRESENIUS - KABI GRIFOLS
NESTL NUTRICIA NUTRICIN MDICA VEGENAT
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Coordinadora JULIA LVAREZ HERNNDEZ.
[email protected]
MERCEDES CERVERA [email protected]
CRISTINA DE LA [email protected]
JESS M. CULEBRAS [email protected]
LAURA FRAS [email protected]
ALFONSO MESEJO [email protected]
GABRIEL OLVEIRA
[email protected]
CLEOF PREZ [email protected]
M. DOLORES [email protected]
JUNTA DIRECTIVA DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPAOLA DE NUTRICIN PARENTERAL Y
ENTERAL
Comit Cientfico-Educacional
Coordinador de la pgina web JORDI SALAS SALVAD.
[email protected]
Miembros de honor A. AGUADO MATORRAS
A. GARCA DE LORENZO Y MATEOS F. GONZLEZ HERMOSO
S. GRISOLA GARCA F. D. MOORE
A. SITGES CREUS G. VZQUEZ MATA
J. VOLTAS BARO J. ZALDUMBIDE AMEZAGA
SOCIEDAD ESPAOLA DE NUTRICION PARENTERAL Y ENTERAL
Presidente
ABELARDO GARCA DELORENZO Y MATEOS
[email protected]
Vocales JULIA ALVAREZ
[email protected] LORENA ARRIBAS
[email protected] ROSA ASHBAUGH
[email protected] PEDRO PABLO GARCA LUNA
[email protected] GUADALUPE PIEIRO
[email protected]
Presidente de honor
J. M. CULEBRAS [email protected]
Tesorero
PEDRO MARS [email protected]
Vicepresidente
MERCE PLANAS [email protected]
Secretario
JUAN CARLOS MONTEJO GONZLEZ
[email protected]
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SUMARIO
Vol. 28 N. 2 MARZO-ABRIL 2013
ISSN (Versin papel): 0212-1611ISSN (Versin electrnica):
1699-5198
ARTCULO ESPECIAL TERCERA LECCIN JESS CULEBRAS - BIOLOGA
MOLECULAR Y NUTRICIN CLNICA; DNDE ESTAMOS Y ADNDE VAMOS?
............................................................................................................
241 ngel GilREVISIONES LA ALIMENTACIN DE LA MADRE DURANTE EL
EMBARAZO CONDICIONA EL DESARROLLO PANCRETICO, EL ESTATUS HORMONAL
DEL FETO Y LA CONCENTRACIN DE BIOMARCADORES AL NACIMIENTO DE
DIABETES MELLITUS Y SNDROME METABLICO ............... 250 F. J.
Snchez-Muniz, E. Gesteiro, M. Esprrago Rodilla, B. Rodrguez Bernal
y S. Bastida LAS DIETAS DE MUY BAJO VALOR CALRICO (DMBVC) EN EL
MANEJO CLNICO DE LA OBESIDAD MRBIDA
............................................................................................................................................
275 Francisco Javier Vilchez Lpez, Cristina Campos Martn, Mara Jos
Amaya Garca, Pilar Snchez Vera y Jos Luis Pereira Cunill VALORES
DEL NGULO DE FASE POR BIOIMPEDANCIA ELCTRICA; ESTADO NUTRICIONAL Y
VALOR PRONSTICO
.........................................................................................................................................
286 L. Llames, V. Baldomero, M. L. Iglesias y L. P. Rodota EL
EFECTO DEL CONSUMO DE SEMILLAS OLEAGINOSAS EN EL APETITO Y EN EL
RIESGO DE DESARROLLAR DIABETES MELLITUS TIPO 2
...........................................................................................
296 Daniela Neves Ribeiro, Rita de Cssia Gonalves Alfenas, Josefina
Bressan y Neuza Maria Brunoro CostaORIGINALES INGESTA DE CALCIO Y
VITAMINA D EN UNA MUESTRA REPRESENTATIVA DE MUJERES
ESPAOLAS; PROBLEMTICA ESPECFICA EN MENOPAUSIA
....................................................................
306 Rosa M. Ortega Anta, Liliana G. Gonzlez Rodrguez, Beatriz Navia
Lombn, Jos Miguel Perea Snchez, Arnzazu Aparicio Vizuete, Ana Mara
Lpez Sobaler; grupo de investigacin n. 920030 VALORACIN DEL ESTADO
NUTRICIONAL EN EL ANCIANO; EVALUACIN DE LAS
ECUACIONES DE CHUMLEA PARA EL CLCULO DEL PESO
........................................................................
314 Montserrat Barcel, Olga Torres, Jordi Mascar, Esther Francia,
Daniel Cardona y Domingo Ruiz ESTUDIO NUTRICIONAL DE UN EQUIPO DE
FTBOL DE TERCERA DIVISIN ........................................
319 Cristian Martnez Ren y Pilar Snchez Collado EL EJERCICIO AGUDO
AUMENTA LAS CONCENTRACIONES DE HOMOCISTENA EN VARONES
FSICAMENTE ACTIVOS
.......................................................................................................................................
325 Beatriz Maroto-Snchez, Jara Valtuea, Ulrike Albers, Pedro J.
Benito, Marcela Gonzlez-Gross; Imfine Research Group EFECTO
RESIDUAL DEL EJERCICIO DE FUERZA MUSCULAR EN LA PREVENCIN
SECUNDARIA
DE LA OBESIDAD INFANTIL
................................................................................................................................
333 Fabin Vsquez, Erik Daz, Lydia Lera, Jorge Meza, Isabel Salas,
Pamela Rojas, Eduardo Atalah y Raquel Burrows EFECTO DEL
ENTRENAMIENTO RESISTENCIA Y FUERZA SOBRE LA MASA GRASA REGIONAL
Y EL PERFIL LIPDICO
...........................................................................................................................................
340 Jorge Perez-Gomez, Germn Vicente-Rodrguez, Ignacio Ara Royo,
Diana Martnez-Redondo, Jos Puzo Foncillas,
Luis A. Moreno, Carmen Dez-Snchez y Jos A. Casajs IMPACTO DEL
EJERCICIO DE FUERZA MUSCULAR EN LA PREVENCIN SECUNDARIA DE LA
OBESIDAD INFANTIL; INTERVENCIN AL INTERIOR DEL SISTEMA ESCOLAR
...................................... 347 Fabin Vsquez, Erik Daz,
Lydia Lera, Jorge Meza, Isabel Salas, Pamela Rojas, Eduardo Atalah
y Raquel Burrows COMPARACIN DEL GASTO ENERGTICO EN REPOSO
DETERMINADO MEDIANTE
CALORIMETRA INDIRECTA Y ESTIMADO MEDIANTE FRMULAS PREDICTIVAS EN
MUJERESCON GRADOS DE OBESIDAD I A III
.....................................................................................................................
357
Alicia Parra-Carriedo, Loren Cherem-Cherem, Daniela Galindo-De
Noriega, Mary Carmen Daz-Gutirrez, Ana Bertha Prez-Lizaur y Csar
Hernndez-Guerrero
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ISSN (Versin papel): 0212-1611ISSN (Versin electrnica):
1699-5198
Si no recibe la revista o le llega con retraso escriba a: NH,
aptdo. 1351, 24080 LEN o a: [email protected]
COMPOSICIN DE AMINOCIDOS, CALIFICACIN QUMICA Y DIGESTIBILIDAD
PROTEICAIN VITRO DE ALIMENTOS CONSUMIDOS FRECUENTEMENTE EN EL
NOROESTE DE MXICO ............. 365
Graciels Caire-Juvera, Francisco A. Vzquez-Ortiz y Mara I.
Grijalva-Haro DESNUTRICIN EN PACIENTES CON CNCER; UNA EXPERIENCIA
DE CUATRO AOS ........................ 372 Mara Teresa Fernndez
Lpez, Cecicia Alejandra Saenz Fernndez, Mara Trinidad de Ss Prada,
Susana Alonso Urrutia, Mara Luisa Bardasco Alonso, Mara Teresa
Alves Prez, Mara Teresa Rivero Luis, Paulas lvarez Vzquez y Jos
Antonio Mato Mato DISEO Y MTODOS DEL ESTUDIO GLYNDIET; EVALUANDO EL
PAPEL DEL NDICE GLUCMICO
SOBRE LA PRDIDA DE PESO CORPORAL Y MARCADORES DE RIESGO
METABLICO ........................ 382 Mart Juanola-Falgarona, Nria
Ibarrola-Jurado, Jordi Salas-Salvad, A. Rabassa-Soler y Mnica Bull
EFECTOS DE LA SUPLEMENTACIN CON CREATINA EN PRACTICANTES DE
TAEKWONDO ............... 391 Rafael Manjarrez-Montes de Oca,
Fernando Farfn-Gonzlez, Socorro Camarillo-Romero, Patricia
Tlatempa-Sotelo, Carlos Francisco-Argelles, Alexander Kormanovski,
Javier Gonzlez-Gallego y Ildefonso Alvear-Ordenes EFECTOS DE APOYO
NUTRICIONAL POR VA ORAL EN PACIENTES HOSPITALIZADOS CON SIDA .....
400 Renata Pereira da Silva, sis Luclia Santos Borges de Arajo,
Poliana Coelho Cabral y
Mara Goretti Pessoa de Arajo Burgos EL ESTADO NUTRICIONAL DE LOS
PACIENTES CON CNCER GASTROINTESTINAL
ATENDIDOS EN UN HOSPITAL PBLICO; 2010-2011
.......................................................................................
405 Corina Dias do Prado y Juliana Alvares Duarte Bonini Campos
ESTADO NUTRICIONAL DE LOS PACIENTES DE CNCER COLORRECTAL
............................................... 412 Joana Pedro
Lopes, Paula Manuela de Castro Cardoso Pereira, Ana Filipa dos Reis
Baltazar Vicente, Alexandra Bernardo y Maria Fernanda de Mesquita
EVALUACIN DE FACTORES INFLUYENTES SOBRE EL DESECHO DE ALIMENTOS POR
PARTE
DE PACIENTES PROCEDENTES DE DIFERENTES RECINTOS HOSPITALARIOS
......................................... 419 A. Valero y A. M.
Caracuel EXPECTATIVAS DEL BENEFICIO Y RIESGO DE LA INGESTA DE
CALCIO EN MUJERES CON
TRATAMIENTOS PARA OSTEOPOROSIS DE ASTURIAS; ESTUDIO ASFARCAL
.......................................... 428 Ana Isabel Rigueira
Garca, Emma Zardain Tamargo, Inmaculada Lpez Gonzlez y Luis Snchez
lvarez HBITOS ALIMENTARIOS Y EVALUACIN NUTRICIONAL EN UNA POBLACIN
UNIVERSITARIA ..... 438 Faustino Cervera Burriel, Ramn Serrano
Urrea, Cruz Vico Garca, Marta Milla Tobarra y Mara Jos Garca
Meseguer
HBITOS ALIMENTARIOS, ACTIVIDAD FSICA Y NIVEL SOCIOECONMICO EN
ESTUDIANTESUNIVERSITARIOS DE CHILE
................................................................................................................................
447
Fernando Rodrguez R., Ximena Palma L., ngela Romo B., Daniela
Escobar B., Brbara Arag G., Luis Espinoza O., Norman MacMillan K. y
Jorge Glvez C. HIPOALBUMINEMIA Y OTROS FACTORES PRONSTICOS DE
MORTALIDAD EN DISTINTOS
PERIODOS TRAS UNA TROMBOSIS ISQUMICA
.............................................................................................
456 Victoria Alczar Lzaro, Teodoro del Ser Quijano y Raquel Barba
Martn INFLUENCIA DE FACTORES AMBIENTALES TEMPRANOS SOBRE LAS
SUBPOBLACIONES
DE LINFOCITOS Y LA MICROBIOTA INTESTINAL DE NIOS CON RIESGO DE
DESARROLLARENFERMEDAD CELACA; EL ESTUDIO PROFICEL
..........................................................................................
464
Tamara Pozo-Rubio, Glada de Palma, Jorge R. Mujico, Marta
Olivares, Ascensin Marcos, Mara Dolores Acua, Isabel Polanco,
Yolanda Sanz y Esther Nova INGESTA DE CIDOS GRASOS Y PARMETROS
INMUNES EN ANCIANOS
................................................ 474 Sonia Gonzlez,
Patricia Lpez, Aberlardo Margolles, Ana Surez, ngeles M. Patterson,
Adriana Cuervo,
Clara G. de los Reyes-Gaviln y Miguel Gueimonde
SUMARIO (continuacin)
Vol. 28N. 2 MARZO-ABRIL 2013
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SUMARIO
Vol. 28 N. 2 MARZO-ABRIL 2013
ISSN (Versin papel): 0212-1611ISSN (Versin electrnica):
1699-5198
PREVALENCIA DE OBESIDAD Y OBESIDAD ABDOMINAL EN NIOS DE CUATRO A
16 AOSRESIDENTES EN UNA CIUDAD FRONTERIZA DE MXICO
............................................................................
479
Montserrat Bacard-Gascn, Elizabeth G. Jones y Arturo Jimnez-Cruz
LA ACTIVIDAD FSICA DE LA ENZIMA SUPERXIDO DISMUTASA Y ZINCEMIA EN
MUJERES
CON PREECLAMPSIA
............................................................................................................................................
486 Jos Arajo Brito, Dilina do Nascimento Marreiro, Jos Machado
Moita Neto, Danilla Michelle Costa e Silva, Kaluce Gonalves de
Sousa Almondes, Joo de Deus Valadares Neto y Nadir do Nascimento
Nogueira LA PREVALENCIA DE SOBREPESO Y OBESIDAD EN ADOLESCENTES DE
BAHA, BRASIL .................... 491 Cibele Dantas Ferreira
Marques, Rita de Cssia Ribeiro Silva, Maria Ester C. Machado, Mnica
Leila Portela de Santana, Romilda Castro de Andrade Cairo,
Elizabete de Jess Pinto, Leonardo Oliveira Reis Maciel y Luciana
Rodrigues Silva LA TERAPIA PSICOEDUCATIVA GRUPAL EN ATENCIN
PRIMARIA AYUDA EN EL CONTROL
DE LA DIABETES TIPO 2
.......................................................................................................................................
497 Miguel ngel Cervantes Cuesta, Noelia Victoria Garca-Talavera
Espn, Josefa Brotons Romn, M. ngeles Nez Snchez, Pedro Brocal Ibez,
Pilar Villalba Martn, Carmen Saura Garca, Tomasa Snchez Esteban,
Helena Romero Lpez-Reinoso, Mara Jos Delgado Aroca, Dolores Snchez
Gil, Amparo Meoro Avils, Jos Soriano Palao; grupo de colaboracin de
la Unidad de Diabetes del Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia.
Murcia. Espaa. METALES EN HARINA DE TRIGO. ESTUDIO COMPARATIVO Y
CONTROL DE SU SEGURIDAD .............. 506 Raquel L. Tejera, Gara
Luis, Dailos Gonzlez-Weller, Jos M. Caballero, ngel J. Gutirrez,
Carmen Rubio y Arturo Hardisson RELACIN ENTRE SARCOPENIA,
DESNUTRICIN, MOVILIDAD FSICA Y ACTIVIDADES BSICAS
DE LA VIDA DIARIA EN UN GRUPO DE ANCIANAS DE LA CIUDAD DE MXICO
...................................... 514 Mara del Consuelo
Velzquez Alva, Mara Esther Irigoyen Camacho, Jaime Delgadillo
Vzquez y Irina Lazarevich SNDROME METABLICO EN PERSONAL DEL REA DE
LA SALUD DE LA UNIVERSIDAD DE
ANTIOQUA-COLOMBIA; ESTUDIO LATINMETS
............................................................................................
522 Laura I. Gonzlez-Zapata, Gloria Cecilia Deossa, Julia
Monsalve-lvarez, Juliana Daz-Garca, Nancy Babio y Jordi
Salas-Salvad VALORACIN DEL PERFIL E INGESTA DE NUTRIENTES DE UN
GRUPO DE ESTUDIANTES
IBEROAMERICANOS DE POSTGRADOS EN NUTRICIN
...............................................................................
532 Sandra Sumalla, Iali Elo, Irma Domnguez, Rubn Caldern, gueda
Garca, Federico Fernndez, Santos Gracia, Luis Dzul, Maurizio
Battino y Hctor Antonio Solano VARIABILIDAD DE LAS RESPUESTAS
GLUCMICA Y DE INSULINA, INTRA E INTERSUJETO, A UNA COMIDA ESTNDAR
EN INDIVIDUOS SANOS
....................................................................................
541 Sandra Hirsch, Gladys Barrera, Laura Leiva, Mara Pa de la Maza
y Daniel Bunout LA ADIPOSIDAD VISCERAL INFLUYE EN EL METABOLISMO DE
LA GLUCOSA Y EL GLUCGENO
EN ANIMALES CONTROL Y CON ALIMENTACIN HIPERLIPDICA
............................................................. 545
Danielle Kaiser de Souza, Fabiana A. de Souza, L. Strmer de Fraga,
Signor Peres Konrad, Adriane Bell-Klein, Roselis Silveira Martins
da Silva y Luiz Carlos R. Kucharski
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SUMMARYSPECIAL ARTICLE THIRD JESS CULEBRAS LECTURE - MOLECULAR
BIOLOGY AND CLINICAL NUTRITION; WHERE DO WE STAND AND WHERE DO WE
GO?
............................................................................................
241 ngel GilREVIEWS MATERNAL NUTRITION DURING PREGNANCY CONDITIONS
THE FETAL PANCREAS DEVELOPMENT, HORMONAL STATUS AND DIABETES
MELLITUS AND METABOLIC SYNDROME BIOMARKERS AT BIRTH
.......................................................................................................................................
250 F. J. Snchez-Muniz, E. Gesteiro, M. Esprrago Rodilla, B.
Rodrguez Bernal and S. Bastida
VERY LOW CALORIE DIETS IN CLINICAL MANAGEMENT OF MORBID OBESITY
................................... 275 Francisco Javier Vilchez
Lpez, Cristina Campos Martn, Mara Jos Amaya Garca, Pilar Snchez
Vera and Jos Luis Pereira Cunill
VALUES OF THE PHASE ANGLE BY BIOELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE;
NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND PROGNOSTIC VALUE
...................................................................................................................................
286 L. Llames, V. Baldomero, M. L. Iglesias and L. P. Rodota
THE EFFECT OF OILSEED CONSUMPTION ON APPETITE AND ON THE RISK OF
DEVELOPING TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS
....................................................................................................
296 Daniela Neves Ribeiro, Rita de Cssia Gonalves Alfenas, Josefina
Bressan and Neuza Maria Brunoro CostaORIGINALS CALCIUM AND VITAMIN
D INTAKES IN A REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLE OF SPANISH WOMEN;
PARTICULAR PROBLEM IN MENOPAUSE
..........................................................................................................
306 Rosa M. Ortega Anta, Liliana G. Gonzlez Rodrguez, Beatriz Navia
Lombn, Jos Miguel Perea Snchez, Arnzazu Aparicio Vizuete, Ana Mara
Lpez Sobaler; grupo de investigacin n. 920030
ASSESSING NUTRITIONAL STATUS IN THE ELDERLY EVALUATION OF
CHUMLEASEQUATIONS FOR WEIGHT
....................................................................................................................................
314
Montserrat Barcel, Olga Torres, Jordi Mascar, Esther Francia,
Daniel Cardona and Domingo Ruiz
NUTRITIONAL STUDY OF A THIRD DIVISION SOCCER TEAM
.....................................................................
319 Cristian Martnez Ren and Pilar Snchez Collado
ACUTE PHYSICAL EXERCISE INCREASES HOMOCYSTEINE CONCENTRATIONS IN
YOUNGTRAINED MALE SUBJECTS
..................................................................................................................................
325
Beatriz Maroto-Snchez, Jara Valtuea, Ulrike Albers, Pedro J.
Benito, Marcela Gonzlez-Gross; Imfine Research Group RESIDUAL
EFFECT OF MUSCLE STRENGTH EXERCISE IN SECONDARY PREVENTION
OF CHILDREN OBESITY
........................................................................................................................................
333 Fabin Vsquez, Erik Daz, Lydia Lera, Jorge Meza, Isabel Salas,
Pamela Rojas, Eduardo Atalah and Raquel Burrows EFFECT OF ENDURANCE
AND RESISTANCE TRAINING ON REGIONAL FAT MASS AND
LIPID PROFILE
........................................................................................................................................................
340 Jorge Perez-Gomez, Germn Vicente-Rodrguez, Ignacio Ara Royo,
Diana Martnez-Redondo, Jos Puzo Foncillas,
Luis A. Moreno, Carmen Dez-Snchez and Jos A. Casajs IMPACT OF
STRENGTH TRAINING EXERCISE ON SECONDARY PREVENTION OF CHILDHOOD
OBESITY; AN INTERVENTION WITHIN THE SCHOOL SYSTEM
....................................................................
347 Fabin Vsquez, Erik Daz, Lydia Lera, Jorge Meza, Isabel Salas,
Pamela Rojas, Eduardo Atalah and Raquel Burrows COMPARISON OF
RESTING ENERGY EXPENDITURE DETERMINED BY INDIRECT CALORIMETRY
AND ESTIMATED BY PREDICTIVE FORMULAS IN WOMEN WITH OBESITY
DEGREES I TO III ............. 357 Alicia Parra-Carriedo, Loren
Cherem-Cherem, Daniela Galindo-De Noriega, Mary Carmen
Daz-Gutirrez, Ana Bertha Prez-Lizaur and Csar Hernndez-Guerrero
If you have problems with your subscription write to:NH, po BOX
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continued sss
ISSN (Versin papel): 0212-1611ISSN (Versin electrnica):
1699-5198
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SUMMARY AMINO ACID COMPOSITION, SCORE AND IN VITRO PROTEIN
DIGESTIBILITY OF FOODS
COMMONLY IN NORTHWEST MEXICO
.............................................................................................................
365 Graciels Caire-Juvera, Francisco A. Vzquez-Ortiz and Mara I.
Grijalva-Haro MALNUTRITION IN PATIENTS WITH CANCER; FOUR YEARS
EXPERIENCE .............................................. 372 Mara
Teresa Fernndez Lpez, Cecicia Alejandra Saenz Fernndez, Mara
Trinidad de Ss Prada, Susana Alonso Urrutia, Mara Luisa Bardasco
Alonso, Mara Teresa Alves Prez, Mara Teresa Rivero Luis, Paulas
lvarez Vzquez and Jos Antonio Mato Mato DESIGN AND METHODS OF THE
GLYNDIET STUDY; ASSESSING THE ROLE OF GLYCEMIC INDEX
ON WEIGHT LOSS AND METABOLIC RISK MARKERS
....................................................................................
382 Mart Juanola-Falgarona, Nria Ibarrola-Jurado, Jordi
Salas-Salvad, A. Rabassa-Soler and Mnica Bull EFFECTS OF CREATINE
SUPPLEMENTATION IN TAEKWONDO PRACTITIONERS
.................................... 391 Rafael Manjarrez-Montes de
Oca, Fernando Farfn-Gonzlez, Socorro Camarillo-Romero, Patricia
Tlatempa-Sotelo, Carlos Francisco-Argelles, Alexander Kormanovski,
Javier Gonzlez-Gallego and Ildefonso Alvear-Ordenes EFFECTS OF ORAL
NUTRITIONAL SUPPORT IN HOSPITALIZED PATIENTS WITH AIDS
.......................... 400 Renata Pereira da Silva, sis Luclia
Santos Borges de Arajo, Poliana Coelho Cabral and
Mara Goretti Pessoa de Arajo Burgos NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF
PATIENTS WITH GASTROINTESTINAL CANCER RECEIVING CARE
IN A PUBLIC HOSPITAL; 2010-2011
......................................................................................................................
405 Corina Dias do Prado and Juliana Alvares Duarte Bonini Campos
NUTRITIONAL STATUS ASSESSMENT IN COLORECTAL CANCER PATIENTS
............................................ 412 Joana Pedro Lopes,
Paula Manuela de Castro Cardoso Pereira, Ana Filipa dos Reis
Baltazar Vicente, Alexandra Bernardo and Maria Fernanda de Mesquita
EVALUATION OF FACTORS AFFECTING PLATE WASTE OF INPATIENTS IN
DIFFERENT
HEALTHCARE SETTINGS
.....................................................................................................................................
419 A. Valero and A. M. Caracuel EXPECTATIONS OF BENEFIT/RISK OF
CALCIUM INTAKE IN WOMEN WITH OSTEOPOROSIS
TREATMENT OF ASTURIAS; ASFARCAL STUDY
.............................................................................................
428 Ana Isabel Rigueira Garca, Emma Zardain Tamargo, Inmaculada
Lpez Gonzlez and Luis Snchez lvarez FOOD HABITS AND NUTRITIONAL
ASSESSMENT IN A UNIVERSITY POPULATION
................................ 438 Faustino Cervera Burriel, Ramn
Serrano Urrea, Cruz Vico Garca, Marta Milla Tobarra and Mara Jos
Garca Meseguer
EATING HABITS, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND SOCIOECONOMIC LEVEL IN
UNIVERSITYSTUDENTS OF CHILE
............................................................................................................................................
447
Fernando Rodrguez R., Ximena Palma L., ngela Romo B., Daniela
Escobar B., Brbara Arag G., Luis Espinoza O., Norman MacMillan K.
and Jorge Glvez C. HYPOALBUMINEMIA AND OTHER PROGNOSTIC FACTORS OF
MORTALITY AT DIFFERENT
TIME POINTS AFTER ISCHEMIC STROKE
..........................................................................................................
456 Victoria Alczar Lzaro, Teodoro del Ser Quijano and Raquel Barba
Martn INFLUENCE OF EARLY ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON LYMPHOCYTE
SUBSETS AND GUT
MICROBIOTA IN INFANTS AT RISK OF CELIAC DISEASE; THE PROFICEL
STUDY .................................... 464 Tamara Pozo-Rubio,
Glada de Palma, Jorge R. Mujico, Marta Olivares, Ascensin Marcos,
Mara Dolores Acua, Isabel Polanco, Yolanda Sanz and Esther Nova
FATTY ACIDS INTAKE AND IMMUNE PARAMETERS IN THE ELDERLY
...................................................... 474 Sonia
Gonzlez, Patricia Lpez, Aberlardo Margolles, Ana Surez, ngeles M.
Patterson, Adriana Cuervo,
Clara G. de los Reyes-Gaviln and Miguel Gueimonde
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continued sss
Vol. 28 N. 2 MARZO-ABRIL 2013
ISSN (Versin papel): 0212-1611ISSN (Versin electrnica):
1699-5198
IMPACT FACTOR 2011: 1,120 (JCR)
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SUMMARY
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1351, Len, Spain or mail to: [email protected]
PREVALENCE OF OBESITY AND ABDOMINAL OBESITY FROM FOUR TO 16
YEARS OLD CHILDRENLIVING IN THE MEXICO-USA BORDER
.............................................................................................................
479
Montserrat Bacard-Gascn, Elizabeth G. Jones and Arturo
Jimnez-Cruz ENZYME ACTIVITY OF SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE AND ZINCEMIA IN
WOMEN WITH
PREECLAMPSIA
.....................................................................................................................................................
486 Jos Arajo Brito, Dilina do Nascimento Marreiro, Jos Machado
Moita Neto, Danilla Michelle Costa e Silva, Kaluce Gonalves de
Sousa Almondes, Joo de Deus Valadares Neto and Nadir do Nascimento
Nogueira THE PREVALENCE OF OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY IN ADOLESCENTS IN
BAHIA, BRAZIL ................. 491 Cibele Dantas Ferreira Marques,
Rita de Cssia Ribeiro Silva, Maria Ester C. Machado, Mnica Leila
Portela de Santana, Romilda Castro de Andrade Cairo, Elizabete de
Jess Pinto, Leonardo Oliveira Reis Maciel and Luciana Rodrigues
Silva PSYCHOEDUCATIVE GROUPS HELP CONTROL TYPE 2 DIABETES IN A
PRIMARY CARE
SETTING
...................................................................................................................................................................
497 Miguel ngel Cervantes Cuesta, Noelia Victoria Garca-Talavera
Espn, Josefa Brotons Romn, M. ngeles Nez Snchez, Pedro Brocal Ibez,
Pilar Villalba Martn, Carmen Saura Garca, Tomasa Snchez Esteban,
Helena Romero Lpez-Reinoso, Mara Jos Delgado Aroca, Dolores Snchez
Gil, Amparo Meoro Avils, Jos Soriano Palao; grupo de colaboracin de
la Unidad de Diabetes del Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia.
Murcia. Espaa. METALS IN WHEAT FLOUR; COMPARATIVE STUDY AND SAFETY
CONTROL .......................................... 506 Raquel L.
Tejera, Gara Luis, Dailos Gonzlez-Weller, Jos M. Caballero, ngel J.
Gutirrez, Carmen Rubio and Arturo Hardisson THE RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN SARCOPENIA,UNDERNUTRITION, PHYSICAL MOBILITY AND
BASIC ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING IN A GROUP OF ELDERLY WOMEN OF
MEXICO CITY ................. 514 Mara del Consuelo Velzquez Alva,
Mara Esther Irigoyen Camacho, Jaime Delgadillo Vzquez and Irina
Lazarevich METABOLIC SYNDROME IN HEALTHCARE PERSONNEL OF THE
UNIVERSITY OF ANTIOQUIA-
COLOMBIA; LATINMETS STUDY
........................................................................................................................
522 Laura I. Gonzlez-Zapata, Gloria Cecilia Deossa, Julia
Monsalve-lvarez, Juliana Daz-Garca, Nancy Babio and Jordi
Salas-Salvad ASSESSING THE PROFILE AND NUTRITIONAL INTAKE OF AN
IBERO-AMERICAN GROUP
OF NUTRITION POSTGRADUATE STUDENTS
...................................................................................................
532 Sandra Sumalla, Iali Elo, Irma Domnguez, Rubn Caldern, gueda
Garca, Federico Fernndez, Santos Gracia, Luis Dzul, Maurizio
Battino and Hctor Antonio Solano VARIABILITY OF GLYCEMIC AND
INSULIN RESPONSE TO A STANDARD MEAL, WITHIN
AND BETWEEN HEALTHY SUBJECTS
................................................................................................................
541 Sandra Hirsch, Gladys Barrera, Laura Leiva, Mara Pa de la Maza
and Daniel Bunout VISCERAL ADIPOSITY INFLUENCES GLUCOSE AND
GLYCOGEN METABOLISM IN CONTROL AND HYPERLIPIDIC-FED ANIMALS
...................................................................................................................
545 Danielle Kaiser de Souza, Fabiana A. de Souza, L. Strmer de
Fraga, Signor Peres Konrad, Adriane Bell-Klein, Roselis Silveira
Martins da Silva and Luiz Carlos R. Kucharski
(continuation)
ISSN (Versin papel): 0212-1611ISSN (Versin electrnica):
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241
Nutr Hosp. 2013;28(2):241-249ISSN 0212-1611 CODEN NUHOEQ
S.V.R. 318
Artculo especialThird Jess Culebras Lecture - Molecular Biology
and Clinical Nutrition;where do we stand and where do we go?ngel
GilDepartament of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II. Institute
of Nutrition and Food Technology Jos Mataix.Biomedical Research
Center. University of Granada. Armilla. Granada. Spain.
TERCERA LECCIN JESS CULEBRAS -BIOLOGA MOLECULAR Y NUTRICIN
CLNICA;
DNDE ESTAMOS Y ADNDE VAMOS?Resumen
La Nutricin desempea un papel fundamental en elmantenimiento de
la salud y en el tratamiento de lasenfermedades, sirviendo de
encrucijada para muchasotras disciplinas. La Bioqumica y la Biologa
Moleculares una Ciencia clave para determinar los mecanismos
deaccin de los nutrientes y de otros compuestos bioactivosde los
alimentos tanto en la salud como en la enfermedad.El objeto de esta
3 Leccin Jess M. Culebras es conside-rar el futuro de las
relaciones de la Biologa Molecular yde la Nutricin Clnica y
comentar la utilizacin de lasnuevas herramientas moleculares y
genticas en el estu-dio de las respuestas de los factores dietticos
y de las con-secuencias metablicas de la ingesta de alimentos,
ascomo considerar los desafos ms importantes de la nutri-cin humana
en el siglo XXI. En particular, se aborda laimportancia de disponer
de nuevos biomarcadores deinters nutricional en las enfermedades
inflamatorias.Asimismo, se discute la importancia del
microbiomahumano y de cmo poder utilizar de forma segura
losmicroorganismos en la prevencin y el tratamiento de
lasenfermedades. Adems, se considera la importancia clavede la
nutrigentica, la nutrigenmica y la epigentica enla nueva era de la
nutricin. La nutrigentica se refiere alpapel de las variantes de
secuencias del DNA en las res-puestas de los individuos a los
nutrientes, mientras que lanutrigenmica aborda el estudio de las
modificaciones deexpresin gnica mediadas por los nutrientes. La
epigen-tica es el estudio de las modificaciones en la expresingnica
mediadas por las alteraciones del DNA heredablespor mitosis.
Durante la ltima dcada, se ha prestadoimportancia especial a la
desregulacin de los mecanis-mos epigenticos causantes de
enfermedad. Por tanto,existe un inters especial en conocer los
mecanismos epi-genticos que modifican el fenotipo inducidos por
losnutrientes.
(Nutr Hosp. 2013;28:241-249)DOI:10.3305/nh.2013.28.2.6424
Palabras clave: Biologa molecular. Biomarcadores. Epi-gnetica.
Microbiota. Nutrigentica. Nutrigenmica. Nutri-cin clnica.
Probiticos.
Abstract
Nutrition plays a fundamental role in the maintenanceof health
and the treatment of disease, and serves as thecrossroads for many
disciplines. Biochemistry and Mole-cular Biology represents a key
brand of science to ascer-tain the mechanism of action of nutrients
and other foodbioactive compounds in health and disease. The aim
ofthe present Jess M. Culebras lecture is to consider thefuture of
the relationships between Molecular Biologyand Clinical Nutrition
and to discuss the use of molecularand genetic tools to study
molecular responses to dietaryfactors and the metabolic
consequences of food and toconsider major challenges on human
nutrition sciences inthe 21st century. Particular emphasis is given
to the identi-fication and use of novel biomarkers in
inflammatorydiseases. Likewise, the importance of the human
micro-biome and how microorganisms can be safely utilized inthe
prevention and management of infectious and chronicdiseases are
discussed. Moreover, the key role of nutrige-netics, nutrigenomics
and epigenetics in the new era ofnutrition is considered.
Nutrigenetics refers to the role ofDNA sequence variation in the
responses to nutrients,whereas nutrigenomics is the study of the
role of nutrientsin gene expression. Epigenetics is the study of
mitoticallyheritable alterations in gene expression potential that
arenot caused by DNA sequence alterations. In the pastdecade, it
has increasingly been recognized that dysregu-lation of epigenetic
mechanisms may play an importantrole in human disease. Indeed,
there is increasing interestin epigenetic mechanisms underlying
phenotype modifi-cation modulated by nutrients. Further research in
thoseareas should contribute to evaluate functionality ofspecific
nutrients and bioactive compounds in ClinicalNutrition and allow
personalized nutritional advice.
(Nutr Hosp. 2013;28:241-249)DOI:10.3305/nh.2013.28.2.6424
Key words: Biomarkers. Clinical nutrition.
Epigenetics.Microbiota. Probiotics. Molecular biology.
Nutrigenetics.Nutrigenomics.
Correspondence: ngel Gil.Instituto de Nutricin y Tecnologa de
los Alimentos Jos Mataix (INyTA).Centro de Investigacin Biomdica
(CIBM). Universidad de Granada.Avenida del Conocimiento s/n.18100
Armilla. Granada. Espaa.E-mail: [email protected]:
12-XI-2012.Aceptado: 26-XI-2012.
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Introduction
I am deeply honored to be the recipient of the ThirdJess M.
Culebras Award. I met Prof. Culebras for thefirst time at the 3rd
Congress of the Spanish Society ofParenteral and Enteral Nutrition
(SENPE) held inGranada in May1986, organized by Dr. Antonio Perezde
la Cruz. At that time I was involved in the identifica-tion of new
biochemical biomarkers of nutritionalstatus in low-birth weight
infants1-3 and in the evalua-tion of the functional roles of
dietary nucleotides,particularly on intestinal microbiota4 and on
thelipoprotein and polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolismsin early
life.5-7 Moreover, I was interested in thechanges of plasma amino
acids and polyunsaturatedfatty acid (PUFA) profiles in severely
trauma injuredand infected children.8,9 In fact, one year later I
joinedthe SENPE and I published my first two articles inNutricin
Hospitalaria, the journal created and directedby Prof. Culebras for
now about 40 years, on the rolesof dietary nucleotides in lipid
metabolism in infants10and on the effects on lipid metabolism of
free-lipidparenteral nutrition in severely ill patients.11
At that Congress I also met Prof. Miquel A. Gassulland we
discussed the possibility to starting to collaboratein the area of
nutrition and major gastrointestinal diseasesas in our lab we used
modern tools in Biochemistry andthey had patients with severe
diseases, namely livercirrhosis and inflammatory bowel disease.
This was alarge and long lasted collaboration of biochemists
andgastroenterologists in Clinical Nutrition, which resultedin the
identification of severe alterations of the polyunsat-urated fatty
acid metabolism in those diseases and novelapproaches in the
designing and utilization of modernenteral nutrition
diets.12-15
I joined the Scientific and Educational Committee ofthe SENPE
(CCE) by 1996 and started to work withProf. Simon Schwartz and
later with Dr. Merc Planasand Dr. Julia Alvarez until 2010. During
those 14 years Ihad the opportunity to interact, work and to become
afriend of Prof. Jess Culebras as he was, and he is, theCouncil
member within the CEE representing the inter-ests of Nutricion
Hospitalaria, the official journal ofSENPE. I always tried to
collaborate and support him toget the dream of having a nutrition
focused journal ofrecognized international interest, a feature he
attainedrecently. Besides that, Prof. Culebras also supported mein
the two editions of the Treatise of Nutrition (Tratadode Nutricin)
and had a major role in my appointment asPresident of the
Iberoamerican Council of NutritionJournals in Montevideo, with the
occasion of the 5thFELANPE Congress. Thank you very much to
JessCulebras for giving me the opportunity to be his friend.
Nutrition plays a fundamental role in the maintenanceof health
and the treatment of disease, and serves as thecrossroads for many
disciplines. Human nutritiondescribes the processes whereby
cellular organelles,cells, tissues organs, systems, and the body as
a whole,obtain and use necessary substances obtained from
foods (nutrients) to maintain structural and functionalintegrity
and to growth and development. It alsocomprises studies on how
nutrients interact with cellreceptors and transporters and how are
utilized at themolecular and cellular level and studies on
gene-nutri-tion-environment interactions.16 Hence, Biochemistryand
Molecular Biology represents a key brand of scienceto ascertain how
nutrients and other food bioactivecompounds are used by humans and
what their influ-ences at the molecular level are in order to be
able toascertain their mechanisms of action in health
anddisease.
During the second half of the 20th century Nutritionbecame a
recognized multidisciplinary science thatfocused on the evaluation
of the effects of nutrient defi-ciencies on organs, systems and
human subjects. Themajor pathways by which nutrients are digested
andmetabolized were also identified. Likewise, a number
ofbiochemical biomarkers associated with nutritionaldiseases were
reported and described.17 Those biomarkersserved as important tools
to ascertain the specific biolog-ical effects of nutrients and
their requirements in patientssuffering many diseases and building
up Clinical Nutri-tion as an important brunch of nutrition
sciences.
The most important challenges of human nutrition inthe 21st
century is to know how nutrients and food bioac-tive compounds
interact with different cell signalingcascades in different organs
and systems and theirspecific effects on cell processes including
gene activityregulation, metabolism, growth and apoptosis.
More-over, understanding how nutrients and other foodcomponents, as
well as healthy lifestyle and environ-mental factors, are
influencing the epigenetic processesand until what extent changes
in the methylation patternof DNA could be inherited represent an
outstanding chal-lenge for nutrition sciences. Furthermore, another
majoraim is to identify and ascertain how nutrients and
foodbioactive compounds are able to influence the humanmicrobiome,
and in turn how changes in the humanmicroorganism ecology,
particularly at the intestinallevel, would have an influence in
health an disease.
The main goal of the present lecture is to think aboutthe future
of relationships between Molecular Biologyand Clinical Nutrition
and to discuss the use of molec-ular and genetic tools to study
molecular responses todietary factors and the metabolic
consequences of foodand to consider major challenges on human
nutritionsciences in the 21st century.
New biomarkers in nutrition: metabolomics can help
For the last decades numerous biomarkers have beenidentified and
related to nutrient status in health andmany diseases. In
particular, many biomarkers arecurrently used in routine clinical
nutrition to evaluatethe nutritional status of populations,
individualsubjects and patients and to diagnose a number of
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pathologies and to assess the risk factors for
certainpathologies.
Metabolomics is a metabolic-biology systemapproach focused on
the metabolic responses under-standing of living systems to
physio-pathologicalstimuli by using multivariate statistical data
on humanbody fluids obtained by different instrumental tech-niques.
A metabolomic approach based on an analyt-ical platform could be
able to separate, detect, charac-terize and quantify a wide range
of metabolites and itsmetabolic pathways. This instrumental
approach has agood potential in the identification and detection
ofspecific food intake and diseases biomarkers.18
In the present work it would be impossible to describethe new
research concerning novel biomarkers of impor-tance in nutrition.
However, there some relevant find-ings that may serve to exemplify
recent development inthis area. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)
both ofthe omega-6 and omega-3 families have a profoundinfluence on
inflammation and regular intake ofomega-3 fatty acids have a direct
effect in the preven-tion of a number of inflammatory disorders
includingcardiovascular diseases, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritisand
in the alleviation of symptoms for inflammatorybowel diseases as
well as neurological disorders suchas Alzheimers disease and
age-related macular dege -neration.19,20 The resolution of
inflammation is not apassive process, as believed earlier; instead,
resolutionis a biosynthetically active process, regulated
bybiochemical mediators and receptor-signaling path-ways, and
driven by specialized pro-resolving media-tors (SPM). A number of
findings by Serhan and hisgroup, systematically investigated a
number of SPM(biomarkers) derived from PUFA, including
lipoxins,E-series resolvins, D-series resolvins,
protectins/neuroprotectins, and, most recently, maresins.21-23These
substances are mainly derived from eicosapen-taenoic acid (EPA) and
docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).The distinct properties of EPA and DHA
to formprimarily pro-resolving lipid mediators may explaintheir
well-known beneficial health effects. These novelpathways may also
explain some of the beneficialeffects of aspirin, since they
generate epimeric lipidmediators that are more metabolically stable
andlonger lasting.21
The human microbiome and the use of probiotics in Clinical
Nutrition
A variety of microbial communities and their genes(the
microbiome) exist throughout the human body,with fundamental roles
in human health and disease.24-26Diverse microbial communities from
habitats withinthe human airways, skin, oral cavity, gut, and
vaginacan be found and microbiota may help to explain indi-vidual
variability in health outcomes and be a source ofnew biomarkers for
environmental exposures and ofnovel prognostic and diagnostic
indicators.
The National Institutes of Health (NIH)-fundedHuman Microbiome
Project Consortium has recentlyestablished a population-scale
framework to developmetagenomic protocols, resulting in a broad
range ofquality-controlled resources and data including
stan-dardized methods for creating, processing and inter-preting
distinct types of high-throughput metagenomicdata available to the
scientific community.24,25 Theresources from a population of 242
healthy adultssampled at 15 or 18 body sites up to three times,
whichhave generated 5,177 microbial taxonomic profilesfrom 16S
ribosomal RNA genes and over 3.5 terabasesof metagenomic sequence
have now been presented. Inparallel, approximately 800 reference
strains isolatedfrom the human body have been sequenced.
Collec-tively the data represent a treasure trove that can bemined
toidentify new organisms, gene functions, andmetabolic and
regulatory networks, as well as correla-tions between microbial
community structure andhealth and disease. Among other future
benefits, thisresource should contribute to promote the
developmentof novel prophylactic strategies such as the
applicationof prebiotics and probiotics to foster human
health.24
Microbes in the human gut undergo selective pres-sure from the
host as well as from microbial competi-tors. This typically leads
to a homeostasis of theecosystem in which some species occur in
high andmany in low abundance, with some low abundancespecies,
performing specialized functions beneficial tothe host.27 Over the
past few years, the application ofnext-generation sequencing
approaches (metage-nomics) to the study of human-associated
microorgan-isms has shown that the composition of the
microbiotawithin the guts of different individuals is distinct.
Thisdistinctiveness is possible because of the marked vari-ability
that is evident at the species and strain levelswithin the
microbiota. By contrast, variability at thephylum level is not
individual specific. Indeed, morethan 90% of gut bacteria are
members of only twophyla, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, and the
relativeproportions of these two major divisions exhibit
acontinuous gradient within the human population, withsome
individuals having a predominance of the former,others having a
predominance of the latter, but themajority having similar
proportions of each.24-26
The very recent studies of the human microbiome)have revealed
that even healthy individuals differremarkably in the microbes that
occupy habitats suchas the gut, skin and vagina.24,25 Much of this
diversityremains unexplained, although diet, environment,
hostgenetics and early microbial exposure have all beenimplicated.
Recently, it has been reported that thediversity and abundance of
each habitats signaturemicrobes to vary widely even among healthy
subjects,with strong niche specialization both within and
amongindividuals.26,28 These results delineate the range
ofstructural and functional configurations normal in themicrobial
communities of a healthy population,enabling future
characterization of the epidemiology,
Molecular Biology and ClinicalNutrition
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ecology and translational applications of the
humanmicrobiome.
In an apparent contrast to the phylum distributions, ithas been
suggested that variation at the species level isdiscontinuous, with
three clusters, or enterotypes, thatvary in proportional
composition.27 This proposal wasbased on multidimensional cluster
analysis and prin-cipal component analysis of faecal metagenomes
from39 samples involving six nationalities and including 22newly
sequenced European faecal samples. Theproposed enterotypes were
identified by their enrich-ment in Bacteroides spp. (enterotype 1),
Prevotellaspp. (enterotype 2) and Ruminococcus spp. (enterotype3),
and were unrelated to nationality or host character-istics such as
body mass index, age or gender. It wassubsequently suggested that
faecotypes might havebeen a more accurate descriptor than
enterotypes, asmicrobial composition and abundance varies along
thegastrointestinal tract.29
Shortly after the enterotype concept was mooted,27Wu et al.30
showed that in subjects aged 2-50 years old,two enterotypes were
associated with diet: long-termdiets enriched for protein and
animal fat were associ-ated with the Bacteroides enterotype,
whereas dietsenriched for carbohydrate were associated with
thePrevotella enterotype.
Although the enterotype distinctions appear to beless clear than
was first thought, and regardless ofwhether we are dealing with
gradients or clusters, traitsor states, the concept of linking
patterns of microbialcomposition with function is both biologically
plau-sible and clinically relevant.28 We need to move
fromretrospective correlative analysis to prospectivestudies
linking microbiota variation with clinicallyrelevant outcomes.
Categorizing the microbiota intodiscrete groups would be attractive
if these groupsoverlapped with, for example, responders or
non-responders to particular therapeutics (reflecting therole of
the gut microbiota as a bioreactor capable ofdrug modification)or
with rates of progression inimmune-mediated disease. The struggle
to clarifymicrobial complexity within the gut and to link it
toclinical traits should continue. It will require longitu-dinal
studies of different populations with differentlifestyles and
dietary patterns so that clustering, transi-tions and intermediates
can be identified.
Currently, there is an increasing interest in anddemand for
probiotics, after a long history of safe usein fermented dairy
products and an increased recogni-tion of the beneficial effects of
probiotics to human guthealth.31 According to the Food and
Agriculture Organ-isation of the United Nations and the World
HealthOrganisation,32 probiotics are live microorganismswhich, when
administered in adequate amounts, confera health benefit on the
host. In particular, strainsbelonging to Bifidobacterium and
Lactobacillus, thepredominant and subdominant groups of the
gastroin-testinal microbiota, respectively,33 are the most
widelyused probiotic bacteria and are included in many func-
tional foods and dietary supplements.34-36 The
yeastSaccharomyces boulardii has also been shown to havehealth
benefits.37
For probiotics to be successful, they must possesscertain
characteristics. The criteria for the selection ofprobiotics
include tolerance to gastrointestinal condi-tions (gastric acid and
bile), ability to adhere to thegastrointestinal mucosa and
competitive exclusion ofpathogens.38-40
The results of evidence-based analyses from humanstudies and
animal models have shown the potentialclinical effectiveness of
probiotics on many diseases.41In fact, probiotics have been
reported to suppress diar-rhoea,42 alleviate lactose intolerance43
and postopera-tive complications,14 exhibit antimicrobial45 and
anti-colorectal cancer activities,46,47 reduce irritable
bowelsymptoms48 and prevent inflammatory bowel disease.49However,
generalisations concerning the potentialhealth benefits of
probiotics should be not madebecause probiotic effects tend to be
strain-specific;thus, the health benefit attributed to one strain
is notnecessarily applicable to another strain, even withinone
species.50
Probiotics have been shown to promote a variety ofbiological
effects in a number of physiological condi-tions and pathologies,
including allergy, intestinal andliver diseases, urinary and upper
respiratory infections,AIDS and metabolic diseases. These effects
are strain-specific and are primarily mediated through changes
inthe faecal microbiota and immune modulation. RCTsconcerning the
appropriate clinical evaluation of probi-otics with an adequate and
statistically sufficientnumber of subjects related to main outcome
variablesshould be performed in a variety of diseases. In
addi-tion, multicentre and replicate studies are necessary
toevaluate the actual role of probiotics in the ameliora-tion of
symptoms for many diseases. The number ofstudies concerning the
mechanism of probiotics in celland animal models is scarce.
Apparently, many probi-otics are able to modulate both the innate
and adaptiveimmune responses; however, the molecular basis ofthese
effects remains unknown.51
The mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects ofprobiotics
are largely unknown but are likely to bemultifactorial, including
modificationof the gut micro-biota, competitive adherence to the
mucosa and epithe-lium, strengthening of the gut epithelial barrier
andmodulation of the immune system to convey an advan-tage to the
host (fig. 1).52 Accumulating evidencedemonstrates that probiotics
communicate with thehost by pattern recognition receptors, such as
toll-likereceptors and nucleotide binding
oligomerizationdomain-containing protein-like receptors,
whichmodulate key signaling pathways, such as nuclearfactor-B and
mitogen-activated protein kinase, toenhance or suppress activation
and influence down-stream pathways. This recognition is crucial for
elic-iting measured antimicrobial responses with
minimalinflammation damage. A clear understanding of these
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mechanisms will allow for appropriate probiotic strainselection
for specific applications and may uncovernovel probiotic
functions.52
Nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics: are we ready for personalised
nutrition?
The efficacy by which dietary interventions influ-ence risk
markers of multi-factorial diseases is mainlydetermined by taking
population-based approaches.However, there exists considerable
inter-individualvariation in response to dietary interventions, and
someinterventions may benefit certain individuals or popu-lation
subgroups more than others.53
The execution of the Human Genome Project hasbrought forth a
wealth of information about the structureof the genome, which can
now be used to study how theinterplay between our genes and factors
from the environ-ment such as nutrition relate to a state of health
or disease.To enable such studies, novel technologies have
beendesigned in particular to monitor the activity of multiplegenes
simultaneously at the level of the RNA by transcrip-tomics, or the
level of the proteins by proteomics (fig. 2).In addition, genome
information has boosted approachesto study the role of genetic
variation to explain individualdifferences in responses to
nutrition, underlying in part thesusceptibility for
nutrition-related disorders.
Nutrigenetics refers to the role of DNA sequencevariation in the
responses to nutrients, whereas nutrige-
Molecular Biology and ClinicalNutrition
245Nutr Hosp. 2013;28(2):241-249
Fig. 1.Mechanisms of action of probiotics.
01. 3RD JESUS CULEBRAS_01. Interaccin 14/03/13 08:03 Pgina
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nomics is the study of the role of nutrients in geneexpression
(fig. 3). This research is predicated on theassumption that there
are individual differences inresponsiveness to acute or repeated
exposures to agiven nutrient or combination of nutrients.
Throughouthuman history, diet has affected the expression ofgenes,
resulting in phenotypes that are able to success-fully respond to
environmental challenges and thatallow better exploitation of food
resources. Theseadaptations have been key to human growth
anddevelopment. Technological advances have made itpossible to
investigate not only specific genes but alsoto explore in unbiased
designs the whole genome-wide complement of DNA sequence variants
or tran-scriptome. These advances provide an opportunity
toestablish the foundation for incorporating
biologicalindividuality into dietary recommendations,
withsignificant therapeutic potential i.e. personalized
nutri-tion.53-54
The influence of nutrition on genome activity isstudied almost
always in a comparative manner eitherby a direct or an indirect
approach. The direct approachinvolves changes in the nutrients
presented to a modelsystem followed by monitoring the changes in
geneexpression. The indirect approach involves the study
ofnutrition-related traits and disorders such as obesity,type II
diabetes and cardiovascular disorders. In thosestudies, gene
expression is compared between subjectswith and without the
disorder and, from the differ-ences, scientists hope to deduce the
relevant molecularpathways leading from health to disease under
theinfluence of diet and lifestyle.55 The results of thosestudies
should lead to new targets for pharmacologicalor dietary
intervention and to novel functional foods.56
One of the possibilities of nutrigenomic technologiesto further
the concept of personalised nutrition, as wellas the process to
take personalised nutrition to themarketplace. The modulation of an
individuals
246 ngel GilNutr Hosp. 2013;28(2):241-249
Fig. 2.Interactions between nutrients and the human genome; new
omic sciences.
Fig. 3.Nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics.
GENES
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response is influenced by both genetic and environ-mental
factors. Many nutrigenetics studies haveattempted to explain
variability in responses based on asingle or a few genotypes so
that a genotype may be usedto define personalised dietary advice.
It has, however,proven very challenging to define an
individualsresponsiveness to complex diets based on commongenetic
variations. In addition, there is a limited under-standing of what
constitutes an optimal responsebecause we lack key health
biomarkers and signatures.In conclusion, advances in nutrigenomics
will undoubt-edly further the understanding of the complex
interplaybetween genotype, phenotype and environment, whichare
required to enhance the development of personalisednutrition in the
future. At the same time, however, issuesrelating to consumer
acceptance, privacy protection aswell as marketing and distribution
of personalised prod-ucts need to be addressed before personalised
nutritioncan become commercially viable.53
Nutritional advice has mainly focused on popula-tion-level
recommendations. Recent developments innutrition, communication,
and marketing scienceshave enabled potential deviations from this
dominantbusiness model in the direction of personalisation
ofnutrition advice. Such personalisation efforts can takeon many
forms, but these have in common that they canonly be effective if
they are supported by a viable busi-ness model. Future research
should explore theconsumer responses to the diversity of
archetypicalbusiness models for personalised nutrition advice as
asource of market information on which the delivery
ofnutrigenomics-based personalised nutrition advicemay further
build.57
The relationships between diet and nutrigenomic-metabolomic
profiles, as well as between these profilesand health, are being
elucidated, and this will dramaticallyalter clinical practice in
nutrition. In fact, nutrigenomicsand metabolomics provide
methodology that allows clini-cians to view a broader footprint of
what is going on inmetabolism than they can get using current
clinical chem-istry panels. This could greatly refine the practice
of clin-ical nutrition. When a nutrition clinical trial is
conducted,nutrigenomic methods can help investigators to
under-stand why a subgroup of study subjects responded to
treat-ment, while others did not. This could reduce the noisethat
often clouds such clinical studies.58
Epigenetics is the study of mitotically heritablealterations in
gene expression potential that are notcaused by DNA sequence
alterations.58 By stably regu-lating gene expression potential in
differentiatedtissues, epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA
methyla-tion play a critical role in mammalian development(fig. 4).
In the past decade, it has increasingly beenrecognized that
dysregulation of epigenetic mecha-nisms may play an important role
in human disease.60Indeed, there is increasing interest in
epigenetic mech-anisms underlying phenotype modification
modulatedby nutrients (fig. 5). Further research in this area
shouldcontribute to evaluate functionality of specific nutri-ents
and bioactive compounds in Clinical Nutrition.
Conclusions
New biomarkers useful in the diagnosis and follow-up of chronic
diseases and in the evaluation of nutri-
Molecular Biology and ClinicalNutrition
247Nutr Hosp. 2013;28(2):241-249
Fig. 4.Tissue-specific DNA methylation and epigenetic
heterogeneity among individuals (Adapted from Brenna et al. Nature
Genetics2006; 38, 1359-1360).
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tional treatments are expanding due to the use ofmetabolomics
opening a new era in Clinical Nutrition
The identification of human microbiome and itsfunctions as well
as the ascertaining of the mechanismsunderlying the effects of
probiotics is opening newperspectives to the use of microorganims
in the preven-tion and treatment of chronic diseases.
The new omic sciences i.e. transcriptomics,proteomics and
metabolomics are allowing to deter-mine the interactions between
nutrients and otherbioactive food components and genes. This
wouldcontribute to a better treatment of diseases and to
apersonalized nutrition.
The incidence of chronic diseases in the adult isrelated to
epigenetic changes that can occur even inearly life. The prevention
of those diseases throughappropriate interactions between diet, the
environmentand the host constitutes one of the biggest challenges
ofnutrition in the 21st Century.
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