ESTRONE AND TEMPERATURE: EFFECTS ON THE PREDATOR-PREY RELATIONSHIP IN FRESHWATER FISH Victoria Korn Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory St. Cloud State University
84
Embed
ESTRONE AND TEMPERATURE :EFFECTS ON THE PREDATOR- … · ESTRONE AND TEMPERATURE :EFFECTS ON THE PREDATOR- PREY RELATIONSHIP IN FRESHWATER FISH Victoria Korn Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
ESTRONE AND TEMPERATURE EFFECTS ON THE PREDATOR-PREY RELATIONSHIP
IN FRESHWATER FISH
Victoria KornAquatic Toxicology Laboratory
St Cloud State University
INTRODUCTION
bull Exposure to multiple forms of anthropogenic stress
bull Estrogenic exposure and temperature will independently or interactively decrease survival rate of larval fathead minnows following predation through an impairment in the predator avoidance response
EXPOSURE SYSTEMS
Larval static renewal exposure system Adult flow through exposure system
PREDATOR AVOIDANCE RESPONSE
bull High speed camera (1000 framess)
bull Analyze video for length (mm) latency (ms) velocity (BLs) angle (degrees) and total escape response (BLs)
Percent survival of larval fathead minnows in competitivepredation trials
RESULTS
Predation success of predatory sunfish ( of totallarvae in the trial consumed)
Predator avoidance responses of larvae at 21 days exposure
Average body length (mm) of larval fathead minnows at21 days exposure
RESULTS RECAP
bull E1 independently affected larval survival following predation as well as predator success
bull Temperature independently affected the predator avoidance response
bull No interactive effects or trends to suggest temperature modulation
bull Individuals at the larval stage are more susceptible to effects from exposure and temperature fluctuation
DISCUSSION
bull Alteration of predator-prey relationships and aquatic food webs
bull Survival Control 742 E1LOW 492 E1HIGH 529bull Similar to past study using estradiolbull Multi-generation population modeling projected declinebull Mitigation of effects on larvae through reduced predator
success
SIGNIFICANCE
bull Risk assessment
bull Ecological management plans
bull Identification of vulnerable populations
bull Prediction of population dynamics in real world settings
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b)
Objective (b) - Methods1 agricultural field ndash irrigates with domestic septage
Soil 4 sample locations 1 sample event
Chemical analyses Other wastewater
indicators Sterols amp hormones Antibiotics amp
pharmaceuticals
Agricultural Field Results
32 micropollutants detected in soil Fragrances bisphenol A PAHs etc More hormones and sterols detected relative to
other analyzed chemicals Carbamazepine ciprofloxacin ofloxacin in all
samples Ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin in mgkg range
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary 34 micropollutants detected in groundwater
near LSTSRIB facilities mostly pharmaceuticals Some detectionsconcentrations of potential
concern to aquatic and human health Soils receiving wastewater may be a
repository for some organic contaminants More research on fate amp transport needs to
be conducted to better understand how these BMPs contribute to contaminant load to environment
Acknowledgements
Funding State of Minnesota Clean Water Fund USGS Cooperative Matching Fund
Daniel Morel and Brent Mason sampling Facility owners and operators
Questions
Sarah Elliottselliottusgsgov
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
18 October 2017
Shalene Thomas Amec Foster WheelerHannah Albertus-Benham Amec Foster Wheeler
Outline
1 Introduction and Background The Concern What are Emerging Contaminants Why are they different PFAS what are they and where are they used
2 The Response PFAS Case Study Regulatory Landscape and overview Case Study Summary Facility Management Considerations
3 Summary
2 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
PFAS ndash General overview
Federal and State Programs
What is the concern
Why are they different
What are Emerging Contaminants
3 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
What is an emerging contaminant
4
DoD and EPA definitions generally state
1 Presents potential unacceptable risk
2 Has no published standard3 New science detection or
exposure pathway available12 3
1DoD Instruction 471518 Emerging Contaminants June 11 2009 DUSD (IampE) is Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Installation and Environment2EPA Federal Facilities Restoration and Reuse Officehttpwwwepagovfedfacdocumentsemerging_contaminantshtmadditional_ec
3 httptoxicsusgsgovregionalemc
EC News
Phase IAssessment
Phase IIAssessment
DoD Scan Watch Action Process
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 20175
Department of Defense Emerging Contaminants
EPA Office of Water Contaminants of Emerging Concern
Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs)
PBDEs
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Persistent Bioaccumulative
Toxic
Use and Contamination is
Widespread
Regulatory and Legal Actions
Rising
Risk Review Management Mitigation
6 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)
Unregulated Contaminant
Monitoring Rule(UCMR)
Center for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC)
National Health and Nutrition
Examination Survey (NHANES)
State Biomonitoring Cooperative Agreement
Seven States with Specific Risk Management Programs Addressing Emerging Contaminants
WA AZ MN NY ME VT
Federal and State EC Programs
7 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
What are PFAS
8
Fluorinated Substances
Perfluoroalkylsubstance
(formerly PFCs)Polyfluoroalkyl
substance
ie FTOH
ie82 FTOH
Note This is a simplified representation of fluorinated substance sub-classes and in no way represents the entire fluorinated substances class
3 RC Buck et al Guide to PFASs in the Environment- Integr Environ Assess Manag 7 2011
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
PFSA
ie PFOSie PFOA
PFCA
UsesSources
Oil and Gas Extraction Electroplating(mist suppressants)
Manufacturing Processes Intermediates By-products
Consumer ProductsSemiconductor
Industry
Aqueous film forming foams
9 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
10
Case Study
Regulatory Landscape
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Facility Management
US Water Criteria
11
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
USEPA 007 007 1
04 04 2
Alaska (AK) 040 040 2
Connecticut (CT) 007 007 2
Delaware (DE) 007 007 2
Iowa (IA) 007 007 2
Maine (ME) 007 007 1
013 056 2
005 12 3
Michigan (MI) 042 0011 4
007 007 2
Minnesota (MN) 0035 0027 2
Nevada (NV) 1
New Hampshire (NH) 007 007 2
New Jersey (NJ) 0014 1
North Carolina (NC) 2 2
Oregon (OR) 24 300 4
Texas (TX) 029 056 2
Vermont (VT) 002 002 12
US EPA
US by State
NOTES
1= drinking water2= groundwater3= recreational water4= surface water
= Promulgated rule (AK IA MI NH NC OR TX VT) = Promulgation anticipated proposed or recommended (MN NJ)= Calculated using the EPA RSL calculator
OTHER NOTABLES
bull 70 of the states adopted criteria within the last 2 yrsbull Several states have adopted criteria for other PFAS
bull CT DE MN NV NJ OR and TXbull CERCLA 5-Year reviews serving as Site ldquoRe-Openersrdquobull Administrative Orders from EPA despite promulgated
rulebull States have adopted Emergency Rules bull Site Clean-Up Goals vary broadly
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
International Water Criteria
12
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
Australia health-based 056 007 1health-based 56 07 2
Canada screening value 02 06 1Denmark screening value 01 01 1Germany health-based 03 03 1
administrative 01 01 1Italy health-based 05 1
screening value 01 3Netherlands health-based 053 1
4 McGuire M E et al (2014) Evidence of remediation-induced alteration of subsurface poly- and perfluoroalkyl substance distribution at a former firefighter training area Environmental Science amp Technology 48(12) 6644-6652
20 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Wastewater and Managementbull Water treatment containment
reusedischargebull Biosolids management reuse
5 Xindi C Hu et al Detection of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in the US Drinking Water Linked to Industrial Sites Military Fire Training Areas and Wastewater Treatment Plants Environmental Science and Technology Letters (August 2016) 3 344-350 DOI 101021ascastlett6b00260
6 US Environmental Protection Agency FACT SHEET Perfluorochemical (PFC) Contaminationof Biosolids Near Decatur Alabama March 20117 httpwwwafcecafmilNewsArticle-DisplayArticle466187air-force-earth-day-2013-emphasis-on-water-conservation
Water reuse Source Construction (compaction dust suppression) Irrigation (grounds golf course)
21 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Stormwaterbull gt95 detection across samples collectedbull Non-point source contributionbull Management via
passive treatment collection and treatment retention
bull Currently being maintained on propertybull Staged until later datebull Liabilities minimized by storing on-sitebull Some disposal facilities refusing to accept
AFFF Foam- Best Management Practices Consider entire life cycle
bull Procurement bull Management of wastewater during testing
and flushingbull Disposal practices
22 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
The ldquotake-home messagesrdquohellip
1 Keep one eye open- the PFAS regulatory framework is evolving quickly
2 Science is not always driving decisions
3 Evaluate and manage liabilities proactively to avoid unintended consequences
PFAS Regulatory Status and Prognosis
PFAS Strategic Management Today
23 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Upcoming ConferencesAEHS Amherst MA- Oct 16-19SETAC Annual Conference Minneapolis MN- Nov 16-18Battelle Chlorinated Conference Palm Springs CA ndashApril 8-12
Industry PublicationsNGWA Groundwater and PFAS State of Knowledge and Practice- due out Fall 2017ITRC PFAS Fact Sheets- 6 in total before the end of 2017Podcast Understanding Emerging Contaminants and Regulatory Matters (httpsitunesapplecomuspodcastcivil-engineering-podcastid993416182mt=2) Woodard S et al 2017 Ion exchange resin for PFAS removal and pilot test comparison to GAC Remediation 2017 2719-27
Where to find us
24 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Questions
Thank youShalene Thomas MS PMPEmerging Contaminants Program ManagerWood dba Amec Foster Wheeler
Male Fathead Minnow Condition FactorMean BCF vs Treatment (Fathead Minnow)
Treatment
BLK GRM BCR FMP PBG USC SCR TWP MIX000
001
002
003
004
005
006Mean
2017
Upstream Downstream
Statistically different means indicated by differing letters
A
BBB
ABAB
ABABAB
Discussion
Varied water chemistry depicts a system with multiple inputs from both known (effluent) and unknown (runoff) sources
Alterations to FHM fecundity and body condition factor represent a complex river system with varying inputs
Sunfish indices (glucose HSI GSI) detail the importance of entire life-cycle exposure due to strong upstream to downstream trends (glucose) and individual site effects (HSI GSI)
Impacts
Potential improper re-direction of energy stores at a critical energy-intensive period of reproduction
Alterations to reproduction and reproductive indices could lead to population dynamic changes
Most pronounced effects observed on resident sunfish those which were exposed their entire life
Acknowledgements
Thanks to our collaboratorsSt Cloud State University ndash
Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory
Estrone and Temperature Interactions Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationships in Freshwater Fish
Estrone and Temperature Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationship in Freshwater Fish
Introduction
Hypothesis
Exposure Systems
Predator Avoidance response
Calcein Staining
Slide Number 8
Slide Number 9
Slide Number 10
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
Results Recap
Discussion
Significance
Acknowledgements
Questions
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastwateer Land Application Sites
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastewater Land Application Sites
Some Definitions
Problem amp Significance
Problem amp Significance
Objectives
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in shallow groundwater near 7 LSTSRIB facilities
Objective (a) - Methods
Facility Locations
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
Comparison to MN Ambient Groundwater
PrioritizationScreening Assessment
Prioritization Assessment - Surface Water
Screening Assessment ndash Human Health
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b) - Methods
Agricultural Field Results
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary
Acknowledgements
Questions
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
Outline
PFAS ndash General overview
What is an emerging contaminant
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Federal and State EC Programs
What are PFAS
UsesSources
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
The Impetus for Change
Slide Number 14
Slide Number 15
Slide Number 16
Slide Number 17
Slide Number 18
Slide Number 19
Slide Number 20
Slide Number 21
Slide Number 22
Slide Number 23
Slide Number 24
Slide Number 25
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnows (pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Maumee River
Maumee River
Study Objective
Slide Number 5
Slide Number 6
Slide Number 7
Slide Number 8
Water Chemistry
Water Chemistry
Fathead Minnow Fecundity
Larval Fathead Minnow
Sunfish Blood Glucose
Slide Number 14
Resident Sunfish Gonadosomatic Index
Slide Number 16
Male Fathead Minnow Condition Factor
Discussion
Impacts
Acknowledgements
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Storm Water Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Stormwater Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
INTRODUCTION
bull Exposure to multiple forms of anthropogenic stress
bull Estrogenic exposure and temperature will independently or interactively decrease survival rate of larval fathead minnows following predation through an impairment in the predator avoidance response
EXPOSURE SYSTEMS
Larval static renewal exposure system Adult flow through exposure system
PREDATOR AVOIDANCE RESPONSE
bull High speed camera (1000 framess)
bull Analyze video for length (mm) latency (ms) velocity (BLs) angle (degrees) and total escape response (BLs)
Percent survival of larval fathead minnows in competitivepredation trials
RESULTS
Predation success of predatory sunfish ( of totallarvae in the trial consumed)
Predator avoidance responses of larvae at 21 days exposure
Average body length (mm) of larval fathead minnows at21 days exposure
RESULTS RECAP
bull E1 independently affected larval survival following predation as well as predator success
bull Temperature independently affected the predator avoidance response
bull No interactive effects or trends to suggest temperature modulation
bull Individuals at the larval stage are more susceptible to effects from exposure and temperature fluctuation
DISCUSSION
bull Alteration of predator-prey relationships and aquatic food webs
bull Survival Control 742 E1LOW 492 E1HIGH 529bull Similar to past study using estradiolbull Multi-generation population modeling projected declinebull Mitigation of effects on larvae through reduced predator
success
SIGNIFICANCE
bull Risk assessment
bull Ecological management plans
bull Identification of vulnerable populations
bull Prediction of population dynamics in real world settings
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b)
Objective (b) - Methods1 agricultural field ndash irrigates with domestic septage
Soil 4 sample locations 1 sample event
Chemical analyses Other wastewater
indicators Sterols amp hormones Antibiotics amp
pharmaceuticals
Agricultural Field Results
32 micropollutants detected in soil Fragrances bisphenol A PAHs etc More hormones and sterols detected relative to
other analyzed chemicals Carbamazepine ciprofloxacin ofloxacin in all
samples Ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin in mgkg range
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary 34 micropollutants detected in groundwater
near LSTSRIB facilities mostly pharmaceuticals Some detectionsconcentrations of potential
concern to aquatic and human health Soils receiving wastewater may be a
repository for some organic contaminants More research on fate amp transport needs to
be conducted to better understand how these BMPs contribute to contaminant load to environment
Acknowledgements
Funding State of Minnesota Clean Water Fund USGS Cooperative Matching Fund
Daniel Morel and Brent Mason sampling Facility owners and operators
Questions
Sarah Elliottselliottusgsgov
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
18 October 2017
Shalene Thomas Amec Foster WheelerHannah Albertus-Benham Amec Foster Wheeler
Outline
1 Introduction and Background The Concern What are Emerging Contaminants Why are they different PFAS what are they and where are they used
2 The Response PFAS Case Study Regulatory Landscape and overview Case Study Summary Facility Management Considerations
3 Summary
2 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
PFAS ndash General overview
Federal and State Programs
What is the concern
Why are they different
What are Emerging Contaminants
3 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
What is an emerging contaminant
4
DoD and EPA definitions generally state
1 Presents potential unacceptable risk
2 Has no published standard3 New science detection or
exposure pathway available12 3
1DoD Instruction 471518 Emerging Contaminants June 11 2009 DUSD (IampE) is Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Installation and Environment2EPA Federal Facilities Restoration and Reuse Officehttpwwwepagovfedfacdocumentsemerging_contaminantshtmadditional_ec
3 httptoxicsusgsgovregionalemc
EC News
Phase IAssessment
Phase IIAssessment
DoD Scan Watch Action Process
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 20175
Department of Defense Emerging Contaminants
EPA Office of Water Contaminants of Emerging Concern
Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs)
PBDEs
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Persistent Bioaccumulative
Toxic
Use and Contamination is
Widespread
Regulatory and Legal Actions
Rising
Risk Review Management Mitigation
6 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)
Unregulated Contaminant
Monitoring Rule(UCMR)
Center for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC)
National Health and Nutrition
Examination Survey (NHANES)
State Biomonitoring Cooperative Agreement
Seven States with Specific Risk Management Programs Addressing Emerging Contaminants
WA AZ MN NY ME VT
Federal and State EC Programs
7 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
What are PFAS
8
Fluorinated Substances
Perfluoroalkylsubstance
(formerly PFCs)Polyfluoroalkyl
substance
ie FTOH
ie82 FTOH
Note This is a simplified representation of fluorinated substance sub-classes and in no way represents the entire fluorinated substances class
3 RC Buck et al Guide to PFASs in the Environment- Integr Environ Assess Manag 7 2011
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
PFSA
ie PFOSie PFOA
PFCA
UsesSources
Oil and Gas Extraction Electroplating(mist suppressants)
Manufacturing Processes Intermediates By-products
Consumer ProductsSemiconductor
Industry
Aqueous film forming foams
9 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
10
Case Study
Regulatory Landscape
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Facility Management
US Water Criteria
11
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
USEPA 007 007 1
04 04 2
Alaska (AK) 040 040 2
Connecticut (CT) 007 007 2
Delaware (DE) 007 007 2
Iowa (IA) 007 007 2
Maine (ME) 007 007 1
013 056 2
005 12 3
Michigan (MI) 042 0011 4
007 007 2
Minnesota (MN) 0035 0027 2
Nevada (NV) 1
New Hampshire (NH) 007 007 2
New Jersey (NJ) 0014 1
North Carolina (NC) 2 2
Oregon (OR) 24 300 4
Texas (TX) 029 056 2
Vermont (VT) 002 002 12
US EPA
US by State
NOTES
1= drinking water2= groundwater3= recreational water4= surface water
= Promulgated rule (AK IA MI NH NC OR TX VT) = Promulgation anticipated proposed or recommended (MN NJ)= Calculated using the EPA RSL calculator
OTHER NOTABLES
bull 70 of the states adopted criteria within the last 2 yrsbull Several states have adopted criteria for other PFAS
bull CT DE MN NV NJ OR and TXbull CERCLA 5-Year reviews serving as Site ldquoRe-Openersrdquobull Administrative Orders from EPA despite promulgated
rulebull States have adopted Emergency Rules bull Site Clean-Up Goals vary broadly
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
International Water Criteria
12
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
Australia health-based 056 007 1health-based 56 07 2
Canada screening value 02 06 1Denmark screening value 01 01 1Germany health-based 03 03 1
administrative 01 01 1Italy health-based 05 1
screening value 01 3Netherlands health-based 053 1
4 McGuire M E et al (2014) Evidence of remediation-induced alteration of subsurface poly- and perfluoroalkyl substance distribution at a former firefighter training area Environmental Science amp Technology 48(12) 6644-6652
20 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Wastewater and Managementbull Water treatment containment
reusedischargebull Biosolids management reuse
5 Xindi C Hu et al Detection of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in the US Drinking Water Linked to Industrial Sites Military Fire Training Areas and Wastewater Treatment Plants Environmental Science and Technology Letters (August 2016) 3 344-350 DOI 101021ascastlett6b00260
6 US Environmental Protection Agency FACT SHEET Perfluorochemical (PFC) Contaminationof Biosolids Near Decatur Alabama March 20117 httpwwwafcecafmilNewsArticle-DisplayArticle466187air-force-earth-day-2013-emphasis-on-water-conservation
Water reuse Source Construction (compaction dust suppression) Irrigation (grounds golf course)
21 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Stormwaterbull gt95 detection across samples collectedbull Non-point source contributionbull Management via
passive treatment collection and treatment retention
bull Currently being maintained on propertybull Staged until later datebull Liabilities minimized by storing on-sitebull Some disposal facilities refusing to accept
AFFF Foam- Best Management Practices Consider entire life cycle
bull Procurement bull Management of wastewater during testing
and flushingbull Disposal practices
22 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
The ldquotake-home messagesrdquohellip
1 Keep one eye open- the PFAS regulatory framework is evolving quickly
2 Science is not always driving decisions
3 Evaluate and manage liabilities proactively to avoid unintended consequences
PFAS Regulatory Status and Prognosis
PFAS Strategic Management Today
23 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Upcoming ConferencesAEHS Amherst MA- Oct 16-19SETAC Annual Conference Minneapolis MN- Nov 16-18Battelle Chlorinated Conference Palm Springs CA ndashApril 8-12
Industry PublicationsNGWA Groundwater and PFAS State of Knowledge and Practice- due out Fall 2017ITRC PFAS Fact Sheets- 6 in total before the end of 2017Podcast Understanding Emerging Contaminants and Regulatory Matters (httpsitunesapplecomuspodcastcivil-engineering-podcastid993416182mt=2) Woodard S et al 2017 Ion exchange resin for PFAS removal and pilot test comparison to GAC Remediation 2017 2719-27
Where to find us
24 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Questions
Thank youShalene Thomas MS PMPEmerging Contaminants Program ManagerWood dba Amec Foster Wheeler
Male Fathead Minnow Condition FactorMean BCF vs Treatment (Fathead Minnow)
Treatment
BLK GRM BCR FMP PBG USC SCR TWP MIX000
001
002
003
004
005
006Mean
2017
Upstream Downstream
Statistically different means indicated by differing letters
A
BBB
ABAB
ABABAB
Discussion
Varied water chemistry depicts a system with multiple inputs from both known (effluent) and unknown (runoff) sources
Alterations to FHM fecundity and body condition factor represent a complex river system with varying inputs
Sunfish indices (glucose HSI GSI) detail the importance of entire life-cycle exposure due to strong upstream to downstream trends (glucose) and individual site effects (HSI GSI)
Impacts
Potential improper re-direction of energy stores at a critical energy-intensive period of reproduction
Alterations to reproduction and reproductive indices could lead to population dynamic changes
Most pronounced effects observed on resident sunfish those which were exposed their entire life
Acknowledgements
Thanks to our collaboratorsSt Cloud State University ndash
Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory
Estrone and Temperature Interactions Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationships in Freshwater Fish
Estrone and Temperature Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationship in Freshwater Fish
Introduction
Hypothesis
Exposure Systems
Predator Avoidance response
Calcein Staining
Slide Number 8
Slide Number 9
Slide Number 10
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
Results Recap
Discussion
Significance
Acknowledgements
Questions
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastwateer Land Application Sites
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastewater Land Application Sites
Some Definitions
Problem amp Significance
Problem amp Significance
Objectives
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in shallow groundwater near 7 LSTSRIB facilities
Objective (a) - Methods
Facility Locations
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
Comparison to MN Ambient Groundwater
PrioritizationScreening Assessment
Prioritization Assessment - Surface Water
Screening Assessment ndash Human Health
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b) - Methods
Agricultural Field Results
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary
Acknowledgements
Questions
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
Outline
PFAS ndash General overview
What is an emerging contaminant
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Federal and State EC Programs
What are PFAS
UsesSources
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
The Impetus for Change
Slide Number 14
Slide Number 15
Slide Number 16
Slide Number 17
Slide Number 18
Slide Number 19
Slide Number 20
Slide Number 21
Slide Number 22
Slide Number 23
Slide Number 24
Slide Number 25
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnows (pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Maumee River
Maumee River
Study Objective
Slide Number 5
Slide Number 6
Slide Number 7
Slide Number 8
Water Chemistry
Water Chemistry
Fathead Minnow Fecundity
Larval Fathead Minnow
Sunfish Blood Glucose
Slide Number 14
Resident Sunfish Gonadosomatic Index
Slide Number 16
Male Fathead Minnow Condition Factor
Discussion
Impacts
Acknowledgements
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Storm Water Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Stormwater Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
HYPOTHESIS
bull Estrogenic exposure and temperature will independently or interactively decrease survival rate of larval fathead minnows following predation through an impairment in the predator avoidance response
EXPOSURE SYSTEMS
Larval static renewal exposure system Adult flow through exposure system
PREDATOR AVOIDANCE RESPONSE
bull High speed camera (1000 framess)
bull Analyze video for length (mm) latency (ms) velocity (BLs) angle (degrees) and total escape response (BLs)
Percent survival of larval fathead minnows in competitivepredation trials
RESULTS
Predation success of predatory sunfish ( of totallarvae in the trial consumed)
Predator avoidance responses of larvae at 21 days exposure
Average body length (mm) of larval fathead minnows at21 days exposure
RESULTS RECAP
bull E1 independently affected larval survival following predation as well as predator success
bull Temperature independently affected the predator avoidance response
bull No interactive effects or trends to suggest temperature modulation
bull Individuals at the larval stage are more susceptible to effects from exposure and temperature fluctuation
DISCUSSION
bull Alteration of predator-prey relationships and aquatic food webs
bull Survival Control 742 E1LOW 492 E1HIGH 529bull Similar to past study using estradiolbull Multi-generation population modeling projected declinebull Mitigation of effects on larvae through reduced predator
success
SIGNIFICANCE
bull Risk assessment
bull Ecological management plans
bull Identification of vulnerable populations
bull Prediction of population dynamics in real world settings
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b)
Objective (b) - Methods1 agricultural field ndash irrigates with domestic septage
Soil 4 sample locations 1 sample event
Chemical analyses Other wastewater
indicators Sterols amp hormones Antibiotics amp
pharmaceuticals
Agricultural Field Results
32 micropollutants detected in soil Fragrances bisphenol A PAHs etc More hormones and sterols detected relative to
other analyzed chemicals Carbamazepine ciprofloxacin ofloxacin in all
samples Ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin in mgkg range
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary 34 micropollutants detected in groundwater
near LSTSRIB facilities mostly pharmaceuticals Some detectionsconcentrations of potential
concern to aquatic and human health Soils receiving wastewater may be a
repository for some organic contaminants More research on fate amp transport needs to
be conducted to better understand how these BMPs contribute to contaminant load to environment
Acknowledgements
Funding State of Minnesota Clean Water Fund USGS Cooperative Matching Fund
Daniel Morel and Brent Mason sampling Facility owners and operators
Questions
Sarah Elliottselliottusgsgov
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
18 October 2017
Shalene Thomas Amec Foster WheelerHannah Albertus-Benham Amec Foster Wheeler
Outline
1 Introduction and Background The Concern What are Emerging Contaminants Why are they different PFAS what are they and where are they used
2 The Response PFAS Case Study Regulatory Landscape and overview Case Study Summary Facility Management Considerations
3 Summary
2 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
PFAS ndash General overview
Federal and State Programs
What is the concern
Why are they different
What are Emerging Contaminants
3 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
What is an emerging contaminant
4
DoD and EPA definitions generally state
1 Presents potential unacceptable risk
2 Has no published standard3 New science detection or
exposure pathway available12 3
1DoD Instruction 471518 Emerging Contaminants June 11 2009 DUSD (IampE) is Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Installation and Environment2EPA Federal Facilities Restoration and Reuse Officehttpwwwepagovfedfacdocumentsemerging_contaminantshtmadditional_ec
3 httptoxicsusgsgovregionalemc
EC News
Phase IAssessment
Phase IIAssessment
DoD Scan Watch Action Process
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 20175
Department of Defense Emerging Contaminants
EPA Office of Water Contaminants of Emerging Concern
Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs)
PBDEs
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Persistent Bioaccumulative
Toxic
Use and Contamination is
Widespread
Regulatory and Legal Actions
Rising
Risk Review Management Mitigation
6 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)
Unregulated Contaminant
Monitoring Rule(UCMR)
Center for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC)
National Health and Nutrition
Examination Survey (NHANES)
State Biomonitoring Cooperative Agreement
Seven States with Specific Risk Management Programs Addressing Emerging Contaminants
WA AZ MN NY ME VT
Federal and State EC Programs
7 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
What are PFAS
8
Fluorinated Substances
Perfluoroalkylsubstance
(formerly PFCs)Polyfluoroalkyl
substance
ie FTOH
ie82 FTOH
Note This is a simplified representation of fluorinated substance sub-classes and in no way represents the entire fluorinated substances class
3 RC Buck et al Guide to PFASs in the Environment- Integr Environ Assess Manag 7 2011
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
PFSA
ie PFOSie PFOA
PFCA
UsesSources
Oil and Gas Extraction Electroplating(mist suppressants)
Manufacturing Processes Intermediates By-products
Consumer ProductsSemiconductor
Industry
Aqueous film forming foams
9 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
10
Case Study
Regulatory Landscape
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Facility Management
US Water Criteria
11
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
USEPA 007 007 1
04 04 2
Alaska (AK) 040 040 2
Connecticut (CT) 007 007 2
Delaware (DE) 007 007 2
Iowa (IA) 007 007 2
Maine (ME) 007 007 1
013 056 2
005 12 3
Michigan (MI) 042 0011 4
007 007 2
Minnesota (MN) 0035 0027 2
Nevada (NV) 1
New Hampshire (NH) 007 007 2
New Jersey (NJ) 0014 1
North Carolina (NC) 2 2
Oregon (OR) 24 300 4
Texas (TX) 029 056 2
Vermont (VT) 002 002 12
US EPA
US by State
NOTES
1= drinking water2= groundwater3= recreational water4= surface water
= Promulgated rule (AK IA MI NH NC OR TX VT) = Promulgation anticipated proposed or recommended (MN NJ)= Calculated using the EPA RSL calculator
OTHER NOTABLES
bull 70 of the states adopted criteria within the last 2 yrsbull Several states have adopted criteria for other PFAS
bull CT DE MN NV NJ OR and TXbull CERCLA 5-Year reviews serving as Site ldquoRe-Openersrdquobull Administrative Orders from EPA despite promulgated
rulebull States have adopted Emergency Rules bull Site Clean-Up Goals vary broadly
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
International Water Criteria
12
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
Australia health-based 056 007 1health-based 56 07 2
Canada screening value 02 06 1Denmark screening value 01 01 1Germany health-based 03 03 1
administrative 01 01 1Italy health-based 05 1
screening value 01 3Netherlands health-based 053 1
4 McGuire M E et al (2014) Evidence of remediation-induced alteration of subsurface poly- and perfluoroalkyl substance distribution at a former firefighter training area Environmental Science amp Technology 48(12) 6644-6652
20 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Wastewater and Managementbull Water treatment containment
reusedischargebull Biosolids management reuse
5 Xindi C Hu et al Detection of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in the US Drinking Water Linked to Industrial Sites Military Fire Training Areas and Wastewater Treatment Plants Environmental Science and Technology Letters (August 2016) 3 344-350 DOI 101021ascastlett6b00260
6 US Environmental Protection Agency FACT SHEET Perfluorochemical (PFC) Contaminationof Biosolids Near Decatur Alabama March 20117 httpwwwafcecafmilNewsArticle-DisplayArticle466187air-force-earth-day-2013-emphasis-on-water-conservation
Water reuse Source Construction (compaction dust suppression) Irrigation (grounds golf course)
21 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Stormwaterbull gt95 detection across samples collectedbull Non-point source contributionbull Management via
passive treatment collection and treatment retention
bull Currently being maintained on propertybull Staged until later datebull Liabilities minimized by storing on-sitebull Some disposal facilities refusing to accept
AFFF Foam- Best Management Practices Consider entire life cycle
bull Procurement bull Management of wastewater during testing
and flushingbull Disposal practices
22 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
The ldquotake-home messagesrdquohellip
1 Keep one eye open- the PFAS regulatory framework is evolving quickly
2 Science is not always driving decisions
3 Evaluate and manage liabilities proactively to avoid unintended consequences
PFAS Regulatory Status and Prognosis
PFAS Strategic Management Today
23 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Upcoming ConferencesAEHS Amherst MA- Oct 16-19SETAC Annual Conference Minneapolis MN- Nov 16-18Battelle Chlorinated Conference Palm Springs CA ndashApril 8-12
Industry PublicationsNGWA Groundwater and PFAS State of Knowledge and Practice- due out Fall 2017ITRC PFAS Fact Sheets- 6 in total before the end of 2017Podcast Understanding Emerging Contaminants and Regulatory Matters (httpsitunesapplecomuspodcastcivil-engineering-podcastid993416182mt=2) Woodard S et al 2017 Ion exchange resin for PFAS removal and pilot test comparison to GAC Remediation 2017 2719-27
Where to find us
24 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Questions
Thank youShalene Thomas MS PMPEmerging Contaminants Program ManagerWood dba Amec Foster Wheeler
Male Fathead Minnow Condition FactorMean BCF vs Treatment (Fathead Minnow)
Treatment
BLK GRM BCR FMP PBG USC SCR TWP MIX000
001
002
003
004
005
006Mean
2017
Upstream Downstream
Statistically different means indicated by differing letters
A
BBB
ABAB
ABABAB
Discussion
Varied water chemistry depicts a system with multiple inputs from both known (effluent) and unknown (runoff) sources
Alterations to FHM fecundity and body condition factor represent a complex river system with varying inputs
Sunfish indices (glucose HSI GSI) detail the importance of entire life-cycle exposure due to strong upstream to downstream trends (glucose) and individual site effects (HSI GSI)
Impacts
Potential improper re-direction of energy stores at a critical energy-intensive period of reproduction
Alterations to reproduction and reproductive indices could lead to population dynamic changes
Most pronounced effects observed on resident sunfish those which were exposed their entire life
Acknowledgements
Thanks to our collaboratorsSt Cloud State University ndash
Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory
Estrone and Temperature Interactions Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationships in Freshwater Fish
Estrone and Temperature Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationship in Freshwater Fish
Introduction
Hypothesis
Exposure Systems
Predator Avoidance response
Calcein Staining
Slide Number 8
Slide Number 9
Slide Number 10
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
Results Recap
Discussion
Significance
Acknowledgements
Questions
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastwateer Land Application Sites
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastewater Land Application Sites
Some Definitions
Problem amp Significance
Problem amp Significance
Objectives
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in shallow groundwater near 7 LSTSRIB facilities
Objective (a) - Methods
Facility Locations
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
Comparison to MN Ambient Groundwater
PrioritizationScreening Assessment
Prioritization Assessment - Surface Water
Screening Assessment ndash Human Health
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b) - Methods
Agricultural Field Results
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary
Acknowledgements
Questions
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
Outline
PFAS ndash General overview
What is an emerging contaminant
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Federal and State EC Programs
What are PFAS
UsesSources
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
The Impetus for Change
Slide Number 14
Slide Number 15
Slide Number 16
Slide Number 17
Slide Number 18
Slide Number 19
Slide Number 20
Slide Number 21
Slide Number 22
Slide Number 23
Slide Number 24
Slide Number 25
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnows (pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Maumee River
Maumee River
Study Objective
Slide Number 5
Slide Number 6
Slide Number 7
Slide Number 8
Water Chemistry
Water Chemistry
Fathead Minnow Fecundity
Larval Fathead Minnow
Sunfish Blood Glucose
Slide Number 14
Resident Sunfish Gonadosomatic Index
Slide Number 16
Male Fathead Minnow Condition Factor
Discussion
Impacts
Acknowledgements
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Storm Water Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Stormwater Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
EXPOSURE SYSTEMS
Larval static renewal exposure system Adult flow through exposure system
PREDATOR AVOIDANCE RESPONSE
bull High speed camera (1000 framess)
bull Analyze video for length (mm) latency (ms) velocity (BLs) angle (degrees) and total escape response (BLs)
Percent survival of larval fathead minnows in competitivepredation trials
RESULTS
Predation success of predatory sunfish ( of totallarvae in the trial consumed)
Predator avoidance responses of larvae at 21 days exposure
Average body length (mm) of larval fathead minnows at21 days exposure
RESULTS RECAP
bull E1 independently affected larval survival following predation as well as predator success
bull Temperature independently affected the predator avoidance response
bull No interactive effects or trends to suggest temperature modulation
bull Individuals at the larval stage are more susceptible to effects from exposure and temperature fluctuation
DISCUSSION
bull Alteration of predator-prey relationships and aquatic food webs
bull Survival Control 742 E1LOW 492 E1HIGH 529bull Similar to past study using estradiolbull Multi-generation population modeling projected declinebull Mitigation of effects on larvae through reduced predator
success
SIGNIFICANCE
bull Risk assessment
bull Ecological management plans
bull Identification of vulnerable populations
bull Prediction of population dynamics in real world settings
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b)
Objective (b) - Methods1 agricultural field ndash irrigates with domestic septage
Soil 4 sample locations 1 sample event
Chemical analyses Other wastewater
indicators Sterols amp hormones Antibiotics amp
pharmaceuticals
Agricultural Field Results
32 micropollutants detected in soil Fragrances bisphenol A PAHs etc More hormones and sterols detected relative to
other analyzed chemicals Carbamazepine ciprofloxacin ofloxacin in all
samples Ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin in mgkg range
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary 34 micropollutants detected in groundwater
near LSTSRIB facilities mostly pharmaceuticals Some detectionsconcentrations of potential
concern to aquatic and human health Soils receiving wastewater may be a
repository for some organic contaminants More research on fate amp transport needs to
be conducted to better understand how these BMPs contribute to contaminant load to environment
Acknowledgements
Funding State of Minnesota Clean Water Fund USGS Cooperative Matching Fund
Daniel Morel and Brent Mason sampling Facility owners and operators
Questions
Sarah Elliottselliottusgsgov
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
18 October 2017
Shalene Thomas Amec Foster WheelerHannah Albertus-Benham Amec Foster Wheeler
Outline
1 Introduction and Background The Concern What are Emerging Contaminants Why are they different PFAS what are they and where are they used
2 The Response PFAS Case Study Regulatory Landscape and overview Case Study Summary Facility Management Considerations
3 Summary
2 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
PFAS ndash General overview
Federal and State Programs
What is the concern
Why are they different
What are Emerging Contaminants
3 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
What is an emerging contaminant
4
DoD and EPA definitions generally state
1 Presents potential unacceptable risk
2 Has no published standard3 New science detection or
exposure pathway available12 3
1DoD Instruction 471518 Emerging Contaminants June 11 2009 DUSD (IampE) is Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Installation and Environment2EPA Federal Facilities Restoration and Reuse Officehttpwwwepagovfedfacdocumentsemerging_contaminantshtmadditional_ec
3 httptoxicsusgsgovregionalemc
EC News
Phase IAssessment
Phase IIAssessment
DoD Scan Watch Action Process
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 20175
Department of Defense Emerging Contaminants
EPA Office of Water Contaminants of Emerging Concern
Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs)
PBDEs
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Persistent Bioaccumulative
Toxic
Use and Contamination is
Widespread
Regulatory and Legal Actions
Rising
Risk Review Management Mitigation
6 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)
Unregulated Contaminant
Monitoring Rule(UCMR)
Center for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC)
National Health and Nutrition
Examination Survey (NHANES)
State Biomonitoring Cooperative Agreement
Seven States with Specific Risk Management Programs Addressing Emerging Contaminants
WA AZ MN NY ME VT
Federal and State EC Programs
7 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
What are PFAS
8
Fluorinated Substances
Perfluoroalkylsubstance
(formerly PFCs)Polyfluoroalkyl
substance
ie FTOH
ie82 FTOH
Note This is a simplified representation of fluorinated substance sub-classes and in no way represents the entire fluorinated substances class
3 RC Buck et al Guide to PFASs in the Environment- Integr Environ Assess Manag 7 2011
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
PFSA
ie PFOSie PFOA
PFCA
UsesSources
Oil and Gas Extraction Electroplating(mist suppressants)
Manufacturing Processes Intermediates By-products
Consumer ProductsSemiconductor
Industry
Aqueous film forming foams
9 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
10
Case Study
Regulatory Landscape
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Facility Management
US Water Criteria
11
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
USEPA 007 007 1
04 04 2
Alaska (AK) 040 040 2
Connecticut (CT) 007 007 2
Delaware (DE) 007 007 2
Iowa (IA) 007 007 2
Maine (ME) 007 007 1
013 056 2
005 12 3
Michigan (MI) 042 0011 4
007 007 2
Minnesota (MN) 0035 0027 2
Nevada (NV) 1
New Hampshire (NH) 007 007 2
New Jersey (NJ) 0014 1
North Carolina (NC) 2 2
Oregon (OR) 24 300 4
Texas (TX) 029 056 2
Vermont (VT) 002 002 12
US EPA
US by State
NOTES
1= drinking water2= groundwater3= recreational water4= surface water
= Promulgated rule (AK IA MI NH NC OR TX VT) = Promulgation anticipated proposed or recommended (MN NJ)= Calculated using the EPA RSL calculator
OTHER NOTABLES
bull 70 of the states adopted criteria within the last 2 yrsbull Several states have adopted criteria for other PFAS
bull CT DE MN NV NJ OR and TXbull CERCLA 5-Year reviews serving as Site ldquoRe-Openersrdquobull Administrative Orders from EPA despite promulgated
rulebull States have adopted Emergency Rules bull Site Clean-Up Goals vary broadly
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
International Water Criteria
12
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
Australia health-based 056 007 1health-based 56 07 2
Canada screening value 02 06 1Denmark screening value 01 01 1Germany health-based 03 03 1
administrative 01 01 1Italy health-based 05 1
screening value 01 3Netherlands health-based 053 1
4 McGuire M E et al (2014) Evidence of remediation-induced alteration of subsurface poly- and perfluoroalkyl substance distribution at a former firefighter training area Environmental Science amp Technology 48(12) 6644-6652
20 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Wastewater and Managementbull Water treatment containment
reusedischargebull Biosolids management reuse
5 Xindi C Hu et al Detection of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in the US Drinking Water Linked to Industrial Sites Military Fire Training Areas and Wastewater Treatment Plants Environmental Science and Technology Letters (August 2016) 3 344-350 DOI 101021ascastlett6b00260
6 US Environmental Protection Agency FACT SHEET Perfluorochemical (PFC) Contaminationof Biosolids Near Decatur Alabama March 20117 httpwwwafcecafmilNewsArticle-DisplayArticle466187air-force-earth-day-2013-emphasis-on-water-conservation
Water reuse Source Construction (compaction dust suppression) Irrigation (grounds golf course)
21 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Stormwaterbull gt95 detection across samples collectedbull Non-point source contributionbull Management via
passive treatment collection and treatment retention
bull Currently being maintained on propertybull Staged until later datebull Liabilities minimized by storing on-sitebull Some disposal facilities refusing to accept
AFFF Foam- Best Management Practices Consider entire life cycle
bull Procurement bull Management of wastewater during testing
and flushingbull Disposal practices
22 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
The ldquotake-home messagesrdquohellip
1 Keep one eye open- the PFAS regulatory framework is evolving quickly
2 Science is not always driving decisions
3 Evaluate and manage liabilities proactively to avoid unintended consequences
PFAS Regulatory Status and Prognosis
PFAS Strategic Management Today
23 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Upcoming ConferencesAEHS Amherst MA- Oct 16-19SETAC Annual Conference Minneapolis MN- Nov 16-18Battelle Chlorinated Conference Palm Springs CA ndashApril 8-12
Industry PublicationsNGWA Groundwater and PFAS State of Knowledge and Practice- due out Fall 2017ITRC PFAS Fact Sheets- 6 in total before the end of 2017Podcast Understanding Emerging Contaminants and Regulatory Matters (httpsitunesapplecomuspodcastcivil-engineering-podcastid993416182mt=2) Woodard S et al 2017 Ion exchange resin for PFAS removal and pilot test comparison to GAC Remediation 2017 2719-27
Where to find us
24 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Questions
Thank youShalene Thomas MS PMPEmerging Contaminants Program ManagerWood dba Amec Foster Wheeler
Male Fathead Minnow Condition FactorMean BCF vs Treatment (Fathead Minnow)
Treatment
BLK GRM BCR FMP PBG USC SCR TWP MIX000
001
002
003
004
005
006Mean
2017
Upstream Downstream
Statistically different means indicated by differing letters
A
BBB
ABAB
ABABAB
Discussion
Varied water chemistry depicts a system with multiple inputs from both known (effluent) and unknown (runoff) sources
Alterations to FHM fecundity and body condition factor represent a complex river system with varying inputs
Sunfish indices (glucose HSI GSI) detail the importance of entire life-cycle exposure due to strong upstream to downstream trends (glucose) and individual site effects (HSI GSI)
Impacts
Potential improper re-direction of energy stores at a critical energy-intensive period of reproduction
Alterations to reproduction and reproductive indices could lead to population dynamic changes
Most pronounced effects observed on resident sunfish those which were exposed their entire life
Acknowledgements
Thanks to our collaboratorsSt Cloud State University ndash
Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory
Estrone and Temperature Interactions Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationships in Freshwater Fish
Estrone and Temperature Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationship in Freshwater Fish
Introduction
Hypothesis
Exposure Systems
Predator Avoidance response
Calcein Staining
Slide Number 8
Slide Number 9
Slide Number 10
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
Results Recap
Discussion
Significance
Acknowledgements
Questions
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastwateer Land Application Sites
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastewater Land Application Sites
Some Definitions
Problem amp Significance
Problem amp Significance
Objectives
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in shallow groundwater near 7 LSTSRIB facilities
Objective (a) - Methods
Facility Locations
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
Comparison to MN Ambient Groundwater
PrioritizationScreening Assessment
Prioritization Assessment - Surface Water
Screening Assessment ndash Human Health
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b) - Methods
Agricultural Field Results
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary
Acknowledgements
Questions
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
Outline
PFAS ndash General overview
What is an emerging contaminant
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Federal and State EC Programs
What are PFAS
UsesSources
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
The Impetus for Change
Slide Number 14
Slide Number 15
Slide Number 16
Slide Number 17
Slide Number 18
Slide Number 19
Slide Number 20
Slide Number 21
Slide Number 22
Slide Number 23
Slide Number 24
Slide Number 25
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnows (pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Maumee River
Maumee River
Study Objective
Slide Number 5
Slide Number 6
Slide Number 7
Slide Number 8
Water Chemistry
Water Chemistry
Fathead Minnow Fecundity
Larval Fathead Minnow
Sunfish Blood Glucose
Slide Number 14
Resident Sunfish Gonadosomatic Index
Slide Number 16
Male Fathead Minnow Condition Factor
Discussion
Impacts
Acknowledgements
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Storm Water Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Stormwater Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
PREDATOR AVOIDANCE RESPONSE
bull High speed camera (1000 framess)
bull Analyze video for length (mm) latency (ms) velocity (BLs) angle (degrees) and total escape response (BLs)
Percent survival of larval fathead minnows in competitivepredation trials
RESULTS
Predation success of predatory sunfish ( of totallarvae in the trial consumed)
Predator avoidance responses of larvae at 21 days exposure
Average body length (mm) of larval fathead minnows at21 days exposure
RESULTS RECAP
bull E1 independently affected larval survival following predation as well as predator success
bull Temperature independently affected the predator avoidance response
bull No interactive effects or trends to suggest temperature modulation
bull Individuals at the larval stage are more susceptible to effects from exposure and temperature fluctuation
DISCUSSION
bull Alteration of predator-prey relationships and aquatic food webs
bull Survival Control 742 E1LOW 492 E1HIGH 529bull Similar to past study using estradiolbull Multi-generation population modeling projected declinebull Mitigation of effects on larvae through reduced predator
success
SIGNIFICANCE
bull Risk assessment
bull Ecological management plans
bull Identification of vulnerable populations
bull Prediction of population dynamics in real world settings
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b)
Objective (b) - Methods1 agricultural field ndash irrigates with domestic septage
Soil 4 sample locations 1 sample event
Chemical analyses Other wastewater
indicators Sterols amp hormones Antibiotics amp
pharmaceuticals
Agricultural Field Results
32 micropollutants detected in soil Fragrances bisphenol A PAHs etc More hormones and sterols detected relative to
other analyzed chemicals Carbamazepine ciprofloxacin ofloxacin in all
samples Ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin in mgkg range
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary 34 micropollutants detected in groundwater
near LSTSRIB facilities mostly pharmaceuticals Some detectionsconcentrations of potential
concern to aquatic and human health Soils receiving wastewater may be a
repository for some organic contaminants More research on fate amp transport needs to
be conducted to better understand how these BMPs contribute to contaminant load to environment
Acknowledgements
Funding State of Minnesota Clean Water Fund USGS Cooperative Matching Fund
Daniel Morel and Brent Mason sampling Facility owners and operators
Questions
Sarah Elliottselliottusgsgov
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
18 October 2017
Shalene Thomas Amec Foster WheelerHannah Albertus-Benham Amec Foster Wheeler
Outline
1 Introduction and Background The Concern What are Emerging Contaminants Why are they different PFAS what are they and where are they used
2 The Response PFAS Case Study Regulatory Landscape and overview Case Study Summary Facility Management Considerations
3 Summary
2 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
PFAS ndash General overview
Federal and State Programs
What is the concern
Why are they different
What are Emerging Contaminants
3 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
What is an emerging contaminant
4
DoD and EPA definitions generally state
1 Presents potential unacceptable risk
2 Has no published standard3 New science detection or
exposure pathway available12 3
1DoD Instruction 471518 Emerging Contaminants June 11 2009 DUSD (IampE) is Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Installation and Environment2EPA Federal Facilities Restoration and Reuse Officehttpwwwepagovfedfacdocumentsemerging_contaminantshtmadditional_ec
3 httptoxicsusgsgovregionalemc
EC News
Phase IAssessment
Phase IIAssessment
DoD Scan Watch Action Process
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 20175
Department of Defense Emerging Contaminants
EPA Office of Water Contaminants of Emerging Concern
Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs)
PBDEs
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Persistent Bioaccumulative
Toxic
Use and Contamination is
Widespread
Regulatory and Legal Actions
Rising
Risk Review Management Mitigation
6 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)
Unregulated Contaminant
Monitoring Rule(UCMR)
Center for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC)
National Health and Nutrition
Examination Survey (NHANES)
State Biomonitoring Cooperative Agreement
Seven States with Specific Risk Management Programs Addressing Emerging Contaminants
WA AZ MN NY ME VT
Federal and State EC Programs
7 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
What are PFAS
8
Fluorinated Substances
Perfluoroalkylsubstance
(formerly PFCs)Polyfluoroalkyl
substance
ie FTOH
ie82 FTOH
Note This is a simplified representation of fluorinated substance sub-classes and in no way represents the entire fluorinated substances class
3 RC Buck et al Guide to PFASs in the Environment- Integr Environ Assess Manag 7 2011
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
PFSA
ie PFOSie PFOA
PFCA
UsesSources
Oil and Gas Extraction Electroplating(mist suppressants)
Manufacturing Processes Intermediates By-products
Consumer ProductsSemiconductor
Industry
Aqueous film forming foams
9 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
10
Case Study
Regulatory Landscape
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Facility Management
US Water Criteria
11
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
USEPA 007 007 1
04 04 2
Alaska (AK) 040 040 2
Connecticut (CT) 007 007 2
Delaware (DE) 007 007 2
Iowa (IA) 007 007 2
Maine (ME) 007 007 1
013 056 2
005 12 3
Michigan (MI) 042 0011 4
007 007 2
Minnesota (MN) 0035 0027 2
Nevada (NV) 1
New Hampshire (NH) 007 007 2
New Jersey (NJ) 0014 1
North Carolina (NC) 2 2
Oregon (OR) 24 300 4
Texas (TX) 029 056 2
Vermont (VT) 002 002 12
US EPA
US by State
NOTES
1= drinking water2= groundwater3= recreational water4= surface water
= Promulgated rule (AK IA MI NH NC OR TX VT) = Promulgation anticipated proposed or recommended (MN NJ)= Calculated using the EPA RSL calculator
OTHER NOTABLES
bull 70 of the states adopted criteria within the last 2 yrsbull Several states have adopted criteria for other PFAS
bull CT DE MN NV NJ OR and TXbull CERCLA 5-Year reviews serving as Site ldquoRe-Openersrdquobull Administrative Orders from EPA despite promulgated
rulebull States have adopted Emergency Rules bull Site Clean-Up Goals vary broadly
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
International Water Criteria
12
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
Australia health-based 056 007 1health-based 56 07 2
Canada screening value 02 06 1Denmark screening value 01 01 1Germany health-based 03 03 1
administrative 01 01 1Italy health-based 05 1
screening value 01 3Netherlands health-based 053 1
4 McGuire M E et al (2014) Evidence of remediation-induced alteration of subsurface poly- and perfluoroalkyl substance distribution at a former firefighter training area Environmental Science amp Technology 48(12) 6644-6652
20 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Wastewater and Managementbull Water treatment containment
reusedischargebull Biosolids management reuse
5 Xindi C Hu et al Detection of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in the US Drinking Water Linked to Industrial Sites Military Fire Training Areas and Wastewater Treatment Plants Environmental Science and Technology Letters (August 2016) 3 344-350 DOI 101021ascastlett6b00260
6 US Environmental Protection Agency FACT SHEET Perfluorochemical (PFC) Contaminationof Biosolids Near Decatur Alabama March 20117 httpwwwafcecafmilNewsArticle-DisplayArticle466187air-force-earth-day-2013-emphasis-on-water-conservation
Water reuse Source Construction (compaction dust suppression) Irrigation (grounds golf course)
21 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Stormwaterbull gt95 detection across samples collectedbull Non-point source contributionbull Management via
passive treatment collection and treatment retention
bull Currently being maintained on propertybull Staged until later datebull Liabilities minimized by storing on-sitebull Some disposal facilities refusing to accept
AFFF Foam- Best Management Practices Consider entire life cycle
bull Procurement bull Management of wastewater during testing
and flushingbull Disposal practices
22 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
The ldquotake-home messagesrdquohellip
1 Keep one eye open- the PFAS regulatory framework is evolving quickly
2 Science is not always driving decisions
3 Evaluate and manage liabilities proactively to avoid unintended consequences
PFAS Regulatory Status and Prognosis
PFAS Strategic Management Today
23 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Upcoming ConferencesAEHS Amherst MA- Oct 16-19SETAC Annual Conference Minneapolis MN- Nov 16-18Battelle Chlorinated Conference Palm Springs CA ndashApril 8-12
Industry PublicationsNGWA Groundwater and PFAS State of Knowledge and Practice- due out Fall 2017ITRC PFAS Fact Sheets- 6 in total before the end of 2017Podcast Understanding Emerging Contaminants and Regulatory Matters (httpsitunesapplecomuspodcastcivil-engineering-podcastid993416182mt=2) Woodard S et al 2017 Ion exchange resin for PFAS removal and pilot test comparison to GAC Remediation 2017 2719-27
Where to find us
24 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Questions
Thank youShalene Thomas MS PMPEmerging Contaminants Program ManagerWood dba Amec Foster Wheeler
Male Fathead Minnow Condition FactorMean BCF vs Treatment (Fathead Minnow)
Treatment
BLK GRM BCR FMP PBG USC SCR TWP MIX000
001
002
003
004
005
006Mean
2017
Upstream Downstream
Statistically different means indicated by differing letters
A
BBB
ABAB
ABABAB
Discussion
Varied water chemistry depicts a system with multiple inputs from both known (effluent) and unknown (runoff) sources
Alterations to FHM fecundity and body condition factor represent a complex river system with varying inputs
Sunfish indices (glucose HSI GSI) detail the importance of entire life-cycle exposure due to strong upstream to downstream trends (glucose) and individual site effects (HSI GSI)
Impacts
Potential improper re-direction of energy stores at a critical energy-intensive period of reproduction
Alterations to reproduction and reproductive indices could lead to population dynamic changes
Most pronounced effects observed on resident sunfish those which were exposed their entire life
Acknowledgements
Thanks to our collaboratorsSt Cloud State University ndash
Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory
Estrone and Temperature Interactions Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationships in Freshwater Fish
Estrone and Temperature Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationship in Freshwater Fish
Introduction
Hypothesis
Exposure Systems
Predator Avoidance response
Calcein Staining
Slide Number 8
Slide Number 9
Slide Number 10
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
Results Recap
Discussion
Significance
Acknowledgements
Questions
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastwateer Land Application Sites
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastewater Land Application Sites
Some Definitions
Problem amp Significance
Problem amp Significance
Objectives
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in shallow groundwater near 7 LSTSRIB facilities
Objective (a) - Methods
Facility Locations
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
Comparison to MN Ambient Groundwater
PrioritizationScreening Assessment
Prioritization Assessment - Surface Water
Screening Assessment ndash Human Health
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b) - Methods
Agricultural Field Results
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary
Acknowledgements
Questions
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
Outline
PFAS ndash General overview
What is an emerging contaminant
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Federal and State EC Programs
What are PFAS
UsesSources
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
The Impetus for Change
Slide Number 14
Slide Number 15
Slide Number 16
Slide Number 17
Slide Number 18
Slide Number 19
Slide Number 20
Slide Number 21
Slide Number 22
Slide Number 23
Slide Number 24
Slide Number 25
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnows (pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Percent survival of larval fathead minnows in competitivepredation trials
RESULTS
Predation success of predatory sunfish ( of totallarvae in the trial consumed)
Predator avoidance responses of larvae at 21 days exposure
Average body length (mm) of larval fathead minnows at21 days exposure
RESULTS RECAP
bull E1 independently affected larval survival following predation as well as predator success
bull Temperature independently affected the predator avoidance response
bull No interactive effects or trends to suggest temperature modulation
bull Individuals at the larval stage are more susceptible to effects from exposure and temperature fluctuation
DISCUSSION
bull Alteration of predator-prey relationships and aquatic food webs
bull Survival Control 742 E1LOW 492 E1HIGH 529bull Similar to past study using estradiolbull Multi-generation population modeling projected declinebull Mitigation of effects on larvae through reduced predator
success
SIGNIFICANCE
bull Risk assessment
bull Ecological management plans
bull Identification of vulnerable populations
bull Prediction of population dynamics in real world settings
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b)
Objective (b) - Methods1 agricultural field ndash irrigates with domestic septage
Soil 4 sample locations 1 sample event
Chemical analyses Other wastewater
indicators Sterols amp hormones Antibiotics amp
pharmaceuticals
Agricultural Field Results
32 micropollutants detected in soil Fragrances bisphenol A PAHs etc More hormones and sterols detected relative to
other analyzed chemicals Carbamazepine ciprofloxacin ofloxacin in all
samples Ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin in mgkg range
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary 34 micropollutants detected in groundwater
near LSTSRIB facilities mostly pharmaceuticals Some detectionsconcentrations of potential
concern to aquatic and human health Soils receiving wastewater may be a
repository for some organic contaminants More research on fate amp transport needs to
be conducted to better understand how these BMPs contribute to contaminant load to environment
Acknowledgements
Funding State of Minnesota Clean Water Fund USGS Cooperative Matching Fund
Daniel Morel and Brent Mason sampling Facility owners and operators
Questions
Sarah Elliottselliottusgsgov
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
18 October 2017
Shalene Thomas Amec Foster WheelerHannah Albertus-Benham Amec Foster Wheeler
Outline
1 Introduction and Background The Concern What are Emerging Contaminants Why are they different PFAS what are they and where are they used
2 The Response PFAS Case Study Regulatory Landscape and overview Case Study Summary Facility Management Considerations
3 Summary
2 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
PFAS ndash General overview
Federal and State Programs
What is the concern
Why are they different
What are Emerging Contaminants
3 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
What is an emerging contaminant
4
DoD and EPA definitions generally state
1 Presents potential unacceptable risk
2 Has no published standard3 New science detection or
exposure pathway available12 3
1DoD Instruction 471518 Emerging Contaminants June 11 2009 DUSD (IampE) is Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Installation and Environment2EPA Federal Facilities Restoration and Reuse Officehttpwwwepagovfedfacdocumentsemerging_contaminantshtmadditional_ec
3 httptoxicsusgsgovregionalemc
EC News
Phase IAssessment
Phase IIAssessment
DoD Scan Watch Action Process
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 20175
Department of Defense Emerging Contaminants
EPA Office of Water Contaminants of Emerging Concern
Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs)
PBDEs
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Persistent Bioaccumulative
Toxic
Use and Contamination is
Widespread
Regulatory and Legal Actions
Rising
Risk Review Management Mitigation
6 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)
Unregulated Contaminant
Monitoring Rule(UCMR)
Center for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC)
National Health and Nutrition
Examination Survey (NHANES)
State Biomonitoring Cooperative Agreement
Seven States with Specific Risk Management Programs Addressing Emerging Contaminants
WA AZ MN NY ME VT
Federal and State EC Programs
7 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
What are PFAS
8
Fluorinated Substances
Perfluoroalkylsubstance
(formerly PFCs)Polyfluoroalkyl
substance
ie FTOH
ie82 FTOH
Note This is a simplified representation of fluorinated substance sub-classes and in no way represents the entire fluorinated substances class
3 RC Buck et al Guide to PFASs in the Environment- Integr Environ Assess Manag 7 2011
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
PFSA
ie PFOSie PFOA
PFCA
UsesSources
Oil and Gas Extraction Electroplating(mist suppressants)
Manufacturing Processes Intermediates By-products
Consumer ProductsSemiconductor
Industry
Aqueous film forming foams
9 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
10
Case Study
Regulatory Landscape
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Facility Management
US Water Criteria
11
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
USEPA 007 007 1
04 04 2
Alaska (AK) 040 040 2
Connecticut (CT) 007 007 2
Delaware (DE) 007 007 2
Iowa (IA) 007 007 2
Maine (ME) 007 007 1
013 056 2
005 12 3
Michigan (MI) 042 0011 4
007 007 2
Minnesota (MN) 0035 0027 2
Nevada (NV) 1
New Hampshire (NH) 007 007 2
New Jersey (NJ) 0014 1
North Carolina (NC) 2 2
Oregon (OR) 24 300 4
Texas (TX) 029 056 2
Vermont (VT) 002 002 12
US EPA
US by State
NOTES
1= drinking water2= groundwater3= recreational water4= surface water
= Promulgated rule (AK IA MI NH NC OR TX VT) = Promulgation anticipated proposed or recommended (MN NJ)= Calculated using the EPA RSL calculator
OTHER NOTABLES
bull 70 of the states adopted criteria within the last 2 yrsbull Several states have adopted criteria for other PFAS
bull CT DE MN NV NJ OR and TXbull CERCLA 5-Year reviews serving as Site ldquoRe-Openersrdquobull Administrative Orders from EPA despite promulgated
rulebull States have adopted Emergency Rules bull Site Clean-Up Goals vary broadly
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
International Water Criteria
12
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
Australia health-based 056 007 1health-based 56 07 2
Canada screening value 02 06 1Denmark screening value 01 01 1Germany health-based 03 03 1
administrative 01 01 1Italy health-based 05 1
screening value 01 3Netherlands health-based 053 1
4 McGuire M E et al (2014) Evidence of remediation-induced alteration of subsurface poly- and perfluoroalkyl substance distribution at a former firefighter training area Environmental Science amp Technology 48(12) 6644-6652
20 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Wastewater and Managementbull Water treatment containment
reusedischargebull Biosolids management reuse
5 Xindi C Hu et al Detection of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in the US Drinking Water Linked to Industrial Sites Military Fire Training Areas and Wastewater Treatment Plants Environmental Science and Technology Letters (August 2016) 3 344-350 DOI 101021ascastlett6b00260
6 US Environmental Protection Agency FACT SHEET Perfluorochemical (PFC) Contaminationof Biosolids Near Decatur Alabama March 20117 httpwwwafcecafmilNewsArticle-DisplayArticle466187air-force-earth-day-2013-emphasis-on-water-conservation
Water reuse Source Construction (compaction dust suppression) Irrigation (grounds golf course)
21 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Stormwaterbull gt95 detection across samples collectedbull Non-point source contributionbull Management via
passive treatment collection and treatment retention
bull Currently being maintained on propertybull Staged until later datebull Liabilities minimized by storing on-sitebull Some disposal facilities refusing to accept
AFFF Foam- Best Management Practices Consider entire life cycle
bull Procurement bull Management of wastewater during testing
and flushingbull Disposal practices
22 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
The ldquotake-home messagesrdquohellip
1 Keep one eye open- the PFAS regulatory framework is evolving quickly
2 Science is not always driving decisions
3 Evaluate and manage liabilities proactively to avoid unintended consequences
PFAS Regulatory Status and Prognosis
PFAS Strategic Management Today
23 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Upcoming ConferencesAEHS Amherst MA- Oct 16-19SETAC Annual Conference Minneapolis MN- Nov 16-18Battelle Chlorinated Conference Palm Springs CA ndashApril 8-12
Industry PublicationsNGWA Groundwater and PFAS State of Knowledge and Practice- due out Fall 2017ITRC PFAS Fact Sheets- 6 in total before the end of 2017Podcast Understanding Emerging Contaminants and Regulatory Matters (httpsitunesapplecomuspodcastcivil-engineering-podcastid993416182mt=2) Woodard S et al 2017 Ion exchange resin for PFAS removal and pilot test comparison to GAC Remediation 2017 2719-27
Where to find us
24 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Questions
Thank youShalene Thomas MS PMPEmerging Contaminants Program ManagerWood dba Amec Foster Wheeler
Male Fathead Minnow Condition FactorMean BCF vs Treatment (Fathead Minnow)
Treatment
BLK GRM BCR FMP PBG USC SCR TWP MIX000
001
002
003
004
005
006Mean
2017
Upstream Downstream
Statistically different means indicated by differing letters
A
BBB
ABAB
ABABAB
Discussion
Varied water chemistry depicts a system with multiple inputs from both known (effluent) and unknown (runoff) sources
Alterations to FHM fecundity and body condition factor represent a complex river system with varying inputs
Sunfish indices (glucose HSI GSI) detail the importance of entire life-cycle exposure due to strong upstream to downstream trends (glucose) and individual site effects (HSI GSI)
Impacts
Potential improper re-direction of energy stores at a critical energy-intensive period of reproduction
Alterations to reproduction and reproductive indices could lead to population dynamic changes
Most pronounced effects observed on resident sunfish those which were exposed their entire life
Acknowledgements
Thanks to our collaboratorsSt Cloud State University ndash
Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory
Estrone and Temperature Interactions Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationships in Freshwater Fish
Estrone and Temperature Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationship in Freshwater Fish
Introduction
Hypothesis
Exposure Systems
Predator Avoidance response
Calcein Staining
Slide Number 8
Slide Number 9
Slide Number 10
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
Results Recap
Discussion
Significance
Acknowledgements
Questions
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastwateer Land Application Sites
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastewater Land Application Sites
Some Definitions
Problem amp Significance
Problem amp Significance
Objectives
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in shallow groundwater near 7 LSTSRIB facilities
Objective (a) - Methods
Facility Locations
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
Comparison to MN Ambient Groundwater
PrioritizationScreening Assessment
Prioritization Assessment - Surface Water
Screening Assessment ndash Human Health
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b) - Methods
Agricultural Field Results
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary
Acknowledgements
Questions
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
Outline
PFAS ndash General overview
What is an emerging contaminant
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Federal and State EC Programs
What are PFAS
UsesSources
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
The Impetus for Change
Slide Number 14
Slide Number 15
Slide Number 16
Slide Number 17
Slide Number 18
Slide Number 19
Slide Number 20
Slide Number 21
Slide Number 22
Slide Number 23
Slide Number 24
Slide Number 25
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnows (pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Maumee River
Maumee River
Study Objective
Slide Number 5
Slide Number 6
Slide Number 7
Slide Number 8
Water Chemistry
Water Chemistry
Fathead Minnow Fecundity
Larval Fathead Minnow
Sunfish Blood Glucose
Slide Number 14
Resident Sunfish Gonadosomatic Index
Slide Number 16
Male Fathead Minnow Condition Factor
Discussion
Impacts
Acknowledgements
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Storm Water Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Stormwater Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
15 hoursAcclimation Period Predation Trial
PREDATION TRIAL DESIGN
1 hour
Control
E1LOW
E1HIGH
Percent survival of larval fathead minnows in competitivepredation trials
RESULTS
Predation success of predatory sunfish ( of totallarvae in the trial consumed)
Predator avoidance responses of larvae at 21 days exposure
Average body length (mm) of larval fathead minnows at21 days exposure
RESULTS RECAP
bull E1 independently affected larval survival following predation as well as predator success
bull Temperature independently affected the predator avoidance response
bull No interactive effects or trends to suggest temperature modulation
bull Individuals at the larval stage are more susceptible to effects from exposure and temperature fluctuation
DISCUSSION
bull Alteration of predator-prey relationships and aquatic food webs
bull Survival Control 742 E1LOW 492 E1HIGH 529bull Similar to past study using estradiolbull Multi-generation population modeling projected declinebull Mitigation of effects on larvae through reduced predator
success
SIGNIFICANCE
bull Risk assessment
bull Ecological management plans
bull Identification of vulnerable populations
bull Prediction of population dynamics in real world settings
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b)
Objective (b) - Methods1 agricultural field ndash irrigates with domestic septage
Soil 4 sample locations 1 sample event
Chemical analyses Other wastewater
indicators Sterols amp hormones Antibiotics amp
pharmaceuticals
Agricultural Field Results
32 micropollutants detected in soil Fragrances bisphenol A PAHs etc More hormones and sterols detected relative to
other analyzed chemicals Carbamazepine ciprofloxacin ofloxacin in all
samples Ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin in mgkg range
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary 34 micropollutants detected in groundwater
near LSTSRIB facilities mostly pharmaceuticals Some detectionsconcentrations of potential
concern to aquatic and human health Soils receiving wastewater may be a
repository for some organic contaminants More research on fate amp transport needs to
be conducted to better understand how these BMPs contribute to contaminant load to environment
Acknowledgements
Funding State of Minnesota Clean Water Fund USGS Cooperative Matching Fund
Daniel Morel and Brent Mason sampling Facility owners and operators
Questions
Sarah Elliottselliottusgsgov
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
18 October 2017
Shalene Thomas Amec Foster WheelerHannah Albertus-Benham Amec Foster Wheeler
Outline
1 Introduction and Background The Concern What are Emerging Contaminants Why are they different PFAS what are they and where are they used
2 The Response PFAS Case Study Regulatory Landscape and overview Case Study Summary Facility Management Considerations
3 Summary
2 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
PFAS ndash General overview
Federal and State Programs
What is the concern
Why are they different
What are Emerging Contaminants
3 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
What is an emerging contaminant
4
DoD and EPA definitions generally state
1 Presents potential unacceptable risk
2 Has no published standard3 New science detection or
exposure pathway available12 3
1DoD Instruction 471518 Emerging Contaminants June 11 2009 DUSD (IampE) is Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Installation and Environment2EPA Federal Facilities Restoration and Reuse Officehttpwwwepagovfedfacdocumentsemerging_contaminantshtmadditional_ec
3 httptoxicsusgsgovregionalemc
EC News
Phase IAssessment
Phase IIAssessment
DoD Scan Watch Action Process
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 20175
Department of Defense Emerging Contaminants
EPA Office of Water Contaminants of Emerging Concern
Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs)
PBDEs
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Persistent Bioaccumulative
Toxic
Use and Contamination is
Widespread
Regulatory and Legal Actions
Rising
Risk Review Management Mitigation
6 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)
Unregulated Contaminant
Monitoring Rule(UCMR)
Center for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC)
National Health and Nutrition
Examination Survey (NHANES)
State Biomonitoring Cooperative Agreement
Seven States with Specific Risk Management Programs Addressing Emerging Contaminants
WA AZ MN NY ME VT
Federal and State EC Programs
7 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
What are PFAS
8
Fluorinated Substances
Perfluoroalkylsubstance
(formerly PFCs)Polyfluoroalkyl
substance
ie FTOH
ie82 FTOH
Note This is a simplified representation of fluorinated substance sub-classes and in no way represents the entire fluorinated substances class
3 RC Buck et al Guide to PFASs in the Environment- Integr Environ Assess Manag 7 2011
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
PFSA
ie PFOSie PFOA
PFCA
UsesSources
Oil and Gas Extraction Electroplating(mist suppressants)
Manufacturing Processes Intermediates By-products
Consumer ProductsSemiconductor
Industry
Aqueous film forming foams
9 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
10
Case Study
Regulatory Landscape
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Facility Management
US Water Criteria
11
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
USEPA 007 007 1
04 04 2
Alaska (AK) 040 040 2
Connecticut (CT) 007 007 2
Delaware (DE) 007 007 2
Iowa (IA) 007 007 2
Maine (ME) 007 007 1
013 056 2
005 12 3
Michigan (MI) 042 0011 4
007 007 2
Minnesota (MN) 0035 0027 2
Nevada (NV) 1
New Hampshire (NH) 007 007 2
New Jersey (NJ) 0014 1
North Carolina (NC) 2 2
Oregon (OR) 24 300 4
Texas (TX) 029 056 2
Vermont (VT) 002 002 12
US EPA
US by State
NOTES
1= drinking water2= groundwater3= recreational water4= surface water
= Promulgated rule (AK IA MI NH NC OR TX VT) = Promulgation anticipated proposed or recommended (MN NJ)= Calculated using the EPA RSL calculator
OTHER NOTABLES
bull 70 of the states adopted criteria within the last 2 yrsbull Several states have adopted criteria for other PFAS
bull CT DE MN NV NJ OR and TXbull CERCLA 5-Year reviews serving as Site ldquoRe-Openersrdquobull Administrative Orders from EPA despite promulgated
rulebull States have adopted Emergency Rules bull Site Clean-Up Goals vary broadly
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
International Water Criteria
12
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
Australia health-based 056 007 1health-based 56 07 2
Canada screening value 02 06 1Denmark screening value 01 01 1Germany health-based 03 03 1
administrative 01 01 1Italy health-based 05 1
screening value 01 3Netherlands health-based 053 1
4 McGuire M E et al (2014) Evidence of remediation-induced alteration of subsurface poly- and perfluoroalkyl substance distribution at a former firefighter training area Environmental Science amp Technology 48(12) 6644-6652
20 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Wastewater and Managementbull Water treatment containment
reusedischargebull Biosolids management reuse
5 Xindi C Hu et al Detection of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in the US Drinking Water Linked to Industrial Sites Military Fire Training Areas and Wastewater Treatment Plants Environmental Science and Technology Letters (August 2016) 3 344-350 DOI 101021ascastlett6b00260
6 US Environmental Protection Agency FACT SHEET Perfluorochemical (PFC) Contaminationof Biosolids Near Decatur Alabama March 20117 httpwwwafcecafmilNewsArticle-DisplayArticle466187air-force-earth-day-2013-emphasis-on-water-conservation
Water reuse Source Construction (compaction dust suppression) Irrigation (grounds golf course)
21 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Stormwaterbull gt95 detection across samples collectedbull Non-point source contributionbull Management via
passive treatment collection and treatment retention
bull Currently being maintained on propertybull Staged until later datebull Liabilities minimized by storing on-sitebull Some disposal facilities refusing to accept
AFFF Foam- Best Management Practices Consider entire life cycle
bull Procurement bull Management of wastewater during testing
and flushingbull Disposal practices
22 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
The ldquotake-home messagesrdquohellip
1 Keep one eye open- the PFAS regulatory framework is evolving quickly
2 Science is not always driving decisions
3 Evaluate and manage liabilities proactively to avoid unintended consequences
PFAS Regulatory Status and Prognosis
PFAS Strategic Management Today
23 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Upcoming ConferencesAEHS Amherst MA- Oct 16-19SETAC Annual Conference Minneapolis MN- Nov 16-18Battelle Chlorinated Conference Palm Springs CA ndashApril 8-12
Industry PublicationsNGWA Groundwater and PFAS State of Knowledge and Practice- due out Fall 2017ITRC PFAS Fact Sheets- 6 in total before the end of 2017Podcast Understanding Emerging Contaminants and Regulatory Matters (httpsitunesapplecomuspodcastcivil-engineering-podcastid993416182mt=2) Woodard S et al 2017 Ion exchange resin for PFAS removal and pilot test comparison to GAC Remediation 2017 2719-27
Where to find us
24 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Questions
Thank youShalene Thomas MS PMPEmerging Contaminants Program ManagerWood dba Amec Foster Wheeler
Male Fathead Minnow Condition FactorMean BCF vs Treatment (Fathead Minnow)
Treatment
BLK GRM BCR FMP PBG USC SCR TWP MIX000
001
002
003
004
005
006Mean
2017
Upstream Downstream
Statistically different means indicated by differing letters
A
BBB
ABAB
ABABAB
Discussion
Varied water chemistry depicts a system with multiple inputs from both known (effluent) and unknown (runoff) sources
Alterations to FHM fecundity and body condition factor represent a complex river system with varying inputs
Sunfish indices (glucose HSI GSI) detail the importance of entire life-cycle exposure due to strong upstream to downstream trends (glucose) and individual site effects (HSI GSI)
Impacts
Potential improper re-direction of energy stores at a critical energy-intensive period of reproduction
Alterations to reproduction and reproductive indices could lead to population dynamic changes
Most pronounced effects observed on resident sunfish those which were exposed their entire life
Acknowledgements
Thanks to our collaboratorsSt Cloud State University ndash
Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory
Estrone and Temperature Interactions Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationships in Freshwater Fish
Estrone and Temperature Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationship in Freshwater Fish
Introduction
Hypothesis
Exposure Systems
Predator Avoidance response
Calcein Staining
Slide Number 8
Slide Number 9
Slide Number 10
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
Results Recap
Discussion
Significance
Acknowledgements
Questions
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastwateer Land Application Sites
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastewater Land Application Sites
Some Definitions
Problem amp Significance
Problem amp Significance
Objectives
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in shallow groundwater near 7 LSTSRIB facilities
Objective (a) - Methods
Facility Locations
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
Comparison to MN Ambient Groundwater
PrioritizationScreening Assessment
Prioritization Assessment - Surface Water
Screening Assessment ndash Human Health
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b) - Methods
Agricultural Field Results
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary
Acknowledgements
Questions
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
Outline
PFAS ndash General overview
What is an emerging contaminant
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Federal and State EC Programs
What are PFAS
UsesSources
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
The Impetus for Change
Slide Number 14
Slide Number 15
Slide Number 16
Slide Number 17
Slide Number 18
Slide Number 19
Slide Number 20
Slide Number 21
Slide Number 22
Slide Number 23
Slide Number 24
Slide Number 25
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnows (pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Maumee River
Maumee River
Study Objective
Slide Number 5
Slide Number 6
Slide Number 7
Slide Number 8
Water Chemistry
Water Chemistry
Fathead Minnow Fecundity
Larval Fathead Minnow
Sunfish Blood Glucose
Slide Number 14
Resident Sunfish Gonadosomatic Index
Slide Number 16
Male Fathead Minnow Condition Factor
Discussion
Impacts
Acknowledgements
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Storm Water Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Stormwater Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
Control
E1LOW
E1HIGH
Percent survival of larval fathead minnows in competitivepredation trials
RESULTS
Predation success of predatory sunfish ( of totallarvae in the trial consumed)
Predator avoidance responses of larvae at 21 days exposure
Average body length (mm) of larval fathead minnows at21 days exposure
RESULTS RECAP
bull E1 independently affected larval survival following predation as well as predator success
bull Temperature independently affected the predator avoidance response
bull No interactive effects or trends to suggest temperature modulation
bull Individuals at the larval stage are more susceptible to effects from exposure and temperature fluctuation
DISCUSSION
bull Alteration of predator-prey relationships and aquatic food webs
bull Survival Control 742 E1LOW 492 E1HIGH 529bull Similar to past study using estradiolbull Multi-generation population modeling projected declinebull Mitigation of effects on larvae through reduced predator
success
SIGNIFICANCE
bull Risk assessment
bull Ecological management plans
bull Identification of vulnerable populations
bull Prediction of population dynamics in real world settings
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b)
Objective (b) - Methods1 agricultural field ndash irrigates with domestic septage
Soil 4 sample locations 1 sample event
Chemical analyses Other wastewater
indicators Sterols amp hormones Antibiotics amp
pharmaceuticals
Agricultural Field Results
32 micropollutants detected in soil Fragrances bisphenol A PAHs etc More hormones and sterols detected relative to
other analyzed chemicals Carbamazepine ciprofloxacin ofloxacin in all
samples Ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin in mgkg range
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary 34 micropollutants detected in groundwater
near LSTSRIB facilities mostly pharmaceuticals Some detectionsconcentrations of potential
concern to aquatic and human health Soils receiving wastewater may be a
repository for some organic contaminants More research on fate amp transport needs to
be conducted to better understand how these BMPs contribute to contaminant load to environment
Acknowledgements
Funding State of Minnesota Clean Water Fund USGS Cooperative Matching Fund
Daniel Morel and Brent Mason sampling Facility owners and operators
Questions
Sarah Elliottselliottusgsgov
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
18 October 2017
Shalene Thomas Amec Foster WheelerHannah Albertus-Benham Amec Foster Wheeler
Outline
1 Introduction and Background The Concern What are Emerging Contaminants Why are they different PFAS what are they and where are they used
2 The Response PFAS Case Study Regulatory Landscape and overview Case Study Summary Facility Management Considerations
3 Summary
2 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
PFAS ndash General overview
Federal and State Programs
What is the concern
Why are they different
What are Emerging Contaminants
3 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
What is an emerging contaminant
4
DoD and EPA definitions generally state
1 Presents potential unacceptable risk
2 Has no published standard3 New science detection or
exposure pathway available12 3
1DoD Instruction 471518 Emerging Contaminants June 11 2009 DUSD (IampE) is Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Installation and Environment2EPA Federal Facilities Restoration and Reuse Officehttpwwwepagovfedfacdocumentsemerging_contaminantshtmadditional_ec
3 httptoxicsusgsgovregionalemc
EC News
Phase IAssessment
Phase IIAssessment
DoD Scan Watch Action Process
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 20175
Department of Defense Emerging Contaminants
EPA Office of Water Contaminants of Emerging Concern
Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs)
PBDEs
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Persistent Bioaccumulative
Toxic
Use and Contamination is
Widespread
Regulatory and Legal Actions
Rising
Risk Review Management Mitigation
6 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)
Unregulated Contaminant
Monitoring Rule(UCMR)
Center for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC)
National Health and Nutrition
Examination Survey (NHANES)
State Biomonitoring Cooperative Agreement
Seven States with Specific Risk Management Programs Addressing Emerging Contaminants
WA AZ MN NY ME VT
Federal and State EC Programs
7 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
What are PFAS
8
Fluorinated Substances
Perfluoroalkylsubstance
(formerly PFCs)Polyfluoroalkyl
substance
ie FTOH
ie82 FTOH
Note This is a simplified representation of fluorinated substance sub-classes and in no way represents the entire fluorinated substances class
3 RC Buck et al Guide to PFASs in the Environment- Integr Environ Assess Manag 7 2011
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
PFSA
ie PFOSie PFOA
PFCA
UsesSources
Oil and Gas Extraction Electroplating(mist suppressants)
Manufacturing Processes Intermediates By-products
Consumer ProductsSemiconductor
Industry
Aqueous film forming foams
9 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
10
Case Study
Regulatory Landscape
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Facility Management
US Water Criteria
11
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
USEPA 007 007 1
04 04 2
Alaska (AK) 040 040 2
Connecticut (CT) 007 007 2
Delaware (DE) 007 007 2
Iowa (IA) 007 007 2
Maine (ME) 007 007 1
013 056 2
005 12 3
Michigan (MI) 042 0011 4
007 007 2
Minnesota (MN) 0035 0027 2
Nevada (NV) 1
New Hampshire (NH) 007 007 2
New Jersey (NJ) 0014 1
North Carolina (NC) 2 2
Oregon (OR) 24 300 4
Texas (TX) 029 056 2
Vermont (VT) 002 002 12
US EPA
US by State
NOTES
1= drinking water2= groundwater3= recreational water4= surface water
= Promulgated rule (AK IA MI NH NC OR TX VT) = Promulgation anticipated proposed or recommended (MN NJ)= Calculated using the EPA RSL calculator
OTHER NOTABLES
bull 70 of the states adopted criteria within the last 2 yrsbull Several states have adopted criteria for other PFAS
bull CT DE MN NV NJ OR and TXbull CERCLA 5-Year reviews serving as Site ldquoRe-Openersrdquobull Administrative Orders from EPA despite promulgated
rulebull States have adopted Emergency Rules bull Site Clean-Up Goals vary broadly
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
International Water Criteria
12
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
Australia health-based 056 007 1health-based 56 07 2
Canada screening value 02 06 1Denmark screening value 01 01 1Germany health-based 03 03 1
administrative 01 01 1Italy health-based 05 1
screening value 01 3Netherlands health-based 053 1
4 McGuire M E et al (2014) Evidence of remediation-induced alteration of subsurface poly- and perfluoroalkyl substance distribution at a former firefighter training area Environmental Science amp Technology 48(12) 6644-6652
20 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Wastewater and Managementbull Water treatment containment
reusedischargebull Biosolids management reuse
5 Xindi C Hu et al Detection of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in the US Drinking Water Linked to Industrial Sites Military Fire Training Areas and Wastewater Treatment Plants Environmental Science and Technology Letters (August 2016) 3 344-350 DOI 101021ascastlett6b00260
6 US Environmental Protection Agency FACT SHEET Perfluorochemical (PFC) Contaminationof Biosolids Near Decatur Alabama March 20117 httpwwwafcecafmilNewsArticle-DisplayArticle466187air-force-earth-day-2013-emphasis-on-water-conservation
Water reuse Source Construction (compaction dust suppression) Irrigation (grounds golf course)
21 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Stormwaterbull gt95 detection across samples collectedbull Non-point source contributionbull Management via
passive treatment collection and treatment retention
bull Currently being maintained on propertybull Staged until later datebull Liabilities minimized by storing on-sitebull Some disposal facilities refusing to accept
AFFF Foam- Best Management Practices Consider entire life cycle
bull Procurement bull Management of wastewater during testing
and flushingbull Disposal practices
22 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
The ldquotake-home messagesrdquohellip
1 Keep one eye open- the PFAS regulatory framework is evolving quickly
2 Science is not always driving decisions
3 Evaluate and manage liabilities proactively to avoid unintended consequences
PFAS Regulatory Status and Prognosis
PFAS Strategic Management Today
23 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Upcoming ConferencesAEHS Amherst MA- Oct 16-19SETAC Annual Conference Minneapolis MN- Nov 16-18Battelle Chlorinated Conference Palm Springs CA ndashApril 8-12
Industry PublicationsNGWA Groundwater and PFAS State of Knowledge and Practice- due out Fall 2017ITRC PFAS Fact Sheets- 6 in total before the end of 2017Podcast Understanding Emerging Contaminants and Regulatory Matters (httpsitunesapplecomuspodcastcivil-engineering-podcastid993416182mt=2) Woodard S et al 2017 Ion exchange resin for PFAS removal and pilot test comparison to GAC Remediation 2017 2719-27
Where to find us
24 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Questions
Thank youShalene Thomas MS PMPEmerging Contaminants Program ManagerWood dba Amec Foster Wheeler
Male Fathead Minnow Condition FactorMean BCF vs Treatment (Fathead Minnow)
Treatment
BLK GRM BCR FMP PBG USC SCR TWP MIX000
001
002
003
004
005
006Mean
2017
Upstream Downstream
Statistically different means indicated by differing letters
A
BBB
ABAB
ABABAB
Discussion
Varied water chemistry depicts a system with multiple inputs from both known (effluent) and unknown (runoff) sources
Alterations to FHM fecundity and body condition factor represent a complex river system with varying inputs
Sunfish indices (glucose HSI GSI) detail the importance of entire life-cycle exposure due to strong upstream to downstream trends (glucose) and individual site effects (HSI GSI)
Impacts
Potential improper re-direction of energy stores at a critical energy-intensive period of reproduction
Alterations to reproduction and reproductive indices could lead to population dynamic changes
Most pronounced effects observed on resident sunfish those which were exposed their entire life
Acknowledgements
Thanks to our collaboratorsSt Cloud State University ndash
Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory
Estrone and Temperature Interactions Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationships in Freshwater Fish
Estrone and Temperature Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationship in Freshwater Fish
Introduction
Hypothesis
Exposure Systems
Predator Avoidance response
Calcein Staining
Slide Number 8
Slide Number 9
Slide Number 10
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
Results Recap
Discussion
Significance
Acknowledgements
Questions
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastwateer Land Application Sites
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastewater Land Application Sites
Some Definitions
Problem amp Significance
Problem amp Significance
Objectives
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in shallow groundwater near 7 LSTSRIB facilities
Objective (a) - Methods
Facility Locations
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
Comparison to MN Ambient Groundwater
PrioritizationScreening Assessment
Prioritization Assessment - Surface Water
Screening Assessment ndash Human Health
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b) - Methods
Agricultural Field Results
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary
Acknowledgements
Questions
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
Outline
PFAS ndash General overview
What is an emerging contaminant
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Federal and State EC Programs
What are PFAS
UsesSources
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
The Impetus for Change
Slide Number 14
Slide Number 15
Slide Number 16
Slide Number 17
Slide Number 18
Slide Number 19
Slide Number 20
Slide Number 21
Slide Number 22
Slide Number 23
Slide Number 24
Slide Number 25
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnows (pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Maumee River
Maumee River
Study Objective
Slide Number 5
Slide Number 6
Slide Number 7
Slide Number 8
Water Chemistry
Water Chemistry
Fathead Minnow Fecundity
Larval Fathead Minnow
Sunfish Blood Glucose
Slide Number 14
Resident Sunfish Gonadosomatic Index
Slide Number 16
Male Fathead Minnow Condition Factor
Discussion
Impacts
Acknowledgements
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Storm Water Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Stormwater Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
Predation success of predatory sunfish ( of totallarvae in the trial consumed)
Predator avoidance responses of larvae at 21 days exposure
Average body length (mm) of larval fathead minnows at21 days exposure
RESULTS RECAP
bull E1 independently affected larval survival following predation as well as predator success
bull Temperature independently affected the predator avoidance response
bull No interactive effects or trends to suggest temperature modulation
bull Individuals at the larval stage are more susceptible to effects from exposure and temperature fluctuation
DISCUSSION
bull Alteration of predator-prey relationships and aquatic food webs
bull Survival Control 742 E1LOW 492 E1HIGH 529bull Similar to past study using estradiolbull Multi-generation population modeling projected declinebull Mitigation of effects on larvae through reduced predator
success
SIGNIFICANCE
bull Risk assessment
bull Ecological management plans
bull Identification of vulnerable populations
bull Prediction of population dynamics in real world settings
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b)
Objective (b) - Methods1 agricultural field ndash irrigates with domestic septage
Soil 4 sample locations 1 sample event
Chemical analyses Other wastewater
indicators Sterols amp hormones Antibiotics amp
pharmaceuticals
Agricultural Field Results
32 micropollutants detected in soil Fragrances bisphenol A PAHs etc More hormones and sterols detected relative to
other analyzed chemicals Carbamazepine ciprofloxacin ofloxacin in all
samples Ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin in mgkg range
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary 34 micropollutants detected in groundwater
near LSTSRIB facilities mostly pharmaceuticals Some detectionsconcentrations of potential
concern to aquatic and human health Soils receiving wastewater may be a
repository for some organic contaminants More research on fate amp transport needs to
be conducted to better understand how these BMPs contribute to contaminant load to environment
Acknowledgements
Funding State of Minnesota Clean Water Fund USGS Cooperative Matching Fund
Daniel Morel and Brent Mason sampling Facility owners and operators
Questions
Sarah Elliottselliottusgsgov
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
18 October 2017
Shalene Thomas Amec Foster WheelerHannah Albertus-Benham Amec Foster Wheeler
Outline
1 Introduction and Background The Concern What are Emerging Contaminants Why are they different PFAS what are they and where are they used
2 The Response PFAS Case Study Regulatory Landscape and overview Case Study Summary Facility Management Considerations
3 Summary
2 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
PFAS ndash General overview
Federal and State Programs
What is the concern
Why are they different
What are Emerging Contaminants
3 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
What is an emerging contaminant
4
DoD and EPA definitions generally state
1 Presents potential unacceptable risk
2 Has no published standard3 New science detection or
exposure pathway available12 3
1DoD Instruction 471518 Emerging Contaminants June 11 2009 DUSD (IampE) is Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Installation and Environment2EPA Federal Facilities Restoration and Reuse Officehttpwwwepagovfedfacdocumentsemerging_contaminantshtmadditional_ec
3 httptoxicsusgsgovregionalemc
EC News
Phase IAssessment
Phase IIAssessment
DoD Scan Watch Action Process
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 20175
Department of Defense Emerging Contaminants
EPA Office of Water Contaminants of Emerging Concern
Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs)
PBDEs
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Persistent Bioaccumulative
Toxic
Use and Contamination is
Widespread
Regulatory and Legal Actions
Rising
Risk Review Management Mitigation
6 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)
Unregulated Contaminant
Monitoring Rule(UCMR)
Center for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC)
National Health and Nutrition
Examination Survey (NHANES)
State Biomonitoring Cooperative Agreement
Seven States with Specific Risk Management Programs Addressing Emerging Contaminants
WA AZ MN NY ME VT
Federal and State EC Programs
7 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
What are PFAS
8
Fluorinated Substances
Perfluoroalkylsubstance
(formerly PFCs)Polyfluoroalkyl
substance
ie FTOH
ie82 FTOH
Note This is a simplified representation of fluorinated substance sub-classes and in no way represents the entire fluorinated substances class
3 RC Buck et al Guide to PFASs in the Environment- Integr Environ Assess Manag 7 2011
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
PFSA
ie PFOSie PFOA
PFCA
UsesSources
Oil and Gas Extraction Electroplating(mist suppressants)
Manufacturing Processes Intermediates By-products
Consumer ProductsSemiconductor
Industry
Aqueous film forming foams
9 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
10
Case Study
Regulatory Landscape
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Facility Management
US Water Criteria
11
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
USEPA 007 007 1
04 04 2
Alaska (AK) 040 040 2
Connecticut (CT) 007 007 2
Delaware (DE) 007 007 2
Iowa (IA) 007 007 2
Maine (ME) 007 007 1
013 056 2
005 12 3
Michigan (MI) 042 0011 4
007 007 2
Minnesota (MN) 0035 0027 2
Nevada (NV) 1
New Hampshire (NH) 007 007 2
New Jersey (NJ) 0014 1
North Carolina (NC) 2 2
Oregon (OR) 24 300 4
Texas (TX) 029 056 2
Vermont (VT) 002 002 12
US EPA
US by State
NOTES
1= drinking water2= groundwater3= recreational water4= surface water
= Promulgated rule (AK IA MI NH NC OR TX VT) = Promulgation anticipated proposed or recommended (MN NJ)= Calculated using the EPA RSL calculator
OTHER NOTABLES
bull 70 of the states adopted criteria within the last 2 yrsbull Several states have adopted criteria for other PFAS
bull CT DE MN NV NJ OR and TXbull CERCLA 5-Year reviews serving as Site ldquoRe-Openersrdquobull Administrative Orders from EPA despite promulgated
rulebull States have adopted Emergency Rules bull Site Clean-Up Goals vary broadly
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
International Water Criteria
12
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
Australia health-based 056 007 1health-based 56 07 2
Canada screening value 02 06 1Denmark screening value 01 01 1Germany health-based 03 03 1
administrative 01 01 1Italy health-based 05 1
screening value 01 3Netherlands health-based 053 1
4 McGuire M E et al (2014) Evidence of remediation-induced alteration of subsurface poly- and perfluoroalkyl substance distribution at a former firefighter training area Environmental Science amp Technology 48(12) 6644-6652
20 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Wastewater and Managementbull Water treatment containment
reusedischargebull Biosolids management reuse
5 Xindi C Hu et al Detection of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in the US Drinking Water Linked to Industrial Sites Military Fire Training Areas and Wastewater Treatment Plants Environmental Science and Technology Letters (August 2016) 3 344-350 DOI 101021ascastlett6b00260
6 US Environmental Protection Agency FACT SHEET Perfluorochemical (PFC) Contaminationof Biosolids Near Decatur Alabama March 20117 httpwwwafcecafmilNewsArticle-DisplayArticle466187air-force-earth-day-2013-emphasis-on-water-conservation
Water reuse Source Construction (compaction dust suppression) Irrigation (grounds golf course)
21 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Stormwaterbull gt95 detection across samples collectedbull Non-point source contributionbull Management via
passive treatment collection and treatment retention
bull Currently being maintained on propertybull Staged until later datebull Liabilities minimized by storing on-sitebull Some disposal facilities refusing to accept
AFFF Foam- Best Management Practices Consider entire life cycle
bull Procurement bull Management of wastewater during testing
and flushingbull Disposal practices
22 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
The ldquotake-home messagesrdquohellip
1 Keep one eye open- the PFAS regulatory framework is evolving quickly
2 Science is not always driving decisions
3 Evaluate and manage liabilities proactively to avoid unintended consequences
PFAS Regulatory Status and Prognosis
PFAS Strategic Management Today
23 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Upcoming ConferencesAEHS Amherst MA- Oct 16-19SETAC Annual Conference Minneapolis MN- Nov 16-18Battelle Chlorinated Conference Palm Springs CA ndashApril 8-12
Industry PublicationsNGWA Groundwater and PFAS State of Knowledge and Practice- due out Fall 2017ITRC PFAS Fact Sheets- 6 in total before the end of 2017Podcast Understanding Emerging Contaminants and Regulatory Matters (httpsitunesapplecomuspodcastcivil-engineering-podcastid993416182mt=2) Woodard S et al 2017 Ion exchange resin for PFAS removal and pilot test comparison to GAC Remediation 2017 2719-27
Where to find us
24 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Questions
Thank youShalene Thomas MS PMPEmerging Contaminants Program ManagerWood dba Amec Foster Wheeler
Male Fathead Minnow Condition FactorMean BCF vs Treatment (Fathead Minnow)
Treatment
BLK GRM BCR FMP PBG USC SCR TWP MIX000
001
002
003
004
005
006Mean
2017
Upstream Downstream
Statistically different means indicated by differing letters
A
BBB
ABAB
ABABAB
Discussion
Varied water chemistry depicts a system with multiple inputs from both known (effluent) and unknown (runoff) sources
Alterations to FHM fecundity and body condition factor represent a complex river system with varying inputs
Sunfish indices (glucose HSI GSI) detail the importance of entire life-cycle exposure due to strong upstream to downstream trends (glucose) and individual site effects (HSI GSI)
Impacts
Potential improper re-direction of energy stores at a critical energy-intensive period of reproduction
Alterations to reproduction and reproductive indices could lead to population dynamic changes
Most pronounced effects observed on resident sunfish those which were exposed their entire life
Acknowledgements
Thanks to our collaboratorsSt Cloud State University ndash
Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory
Estrone and Temperature Interactions Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationships in Freshwater Fish
Estrone and Temperature Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationship in Freshwater Fish
Introduction
Hypothesis
Exposure Systems
Predator Avoidance response
Calcein Staining
Slide Number 8
Slide Number 9
Slide Number 10
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
Results Recap
Discussion
Significance
Acknowledgements
Questions
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastwateer Land Application Sites
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastewater Land Application Sites
Some Definitions
Problem amp Significance
Problem amp Significance
Objectives
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in shallow groundwater near 7 LSTSRIB facilities
Objective (a) - Methods
Facility Locations
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
Comparison to MN Ambient Groundwater
PrioritizationScreening Assessment
Prioritization Assessment - Surface Water
Screening Assessment ndash Human Health
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b) - Methods
Agricultural Field Results
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary
Acknowledgements
Questions
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
Outline
PFAS ndash General overview
What is an emerging contaminant
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Federal and State EC Programs
What are PFAS
UsesSources
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
The Impetus for Change
Slide Number 14
Slide Number 15
Slide Number 16
Slide Number 17
Slide Number 18
Slide Number 19
Slide Number 20
Slide Number 21
Slide Number 22
Slide Number 23
Slide Number 24
Slide Number 25
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnows (pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Maumee River
Maumee River
Study Objective
Slide Number 5
Slide Number 6
Slide Number 7
Slide Number 8
Water Chemistry
Water Chemistry
Fathead Minnow Fecundity
Larval Fathead Minnow
Sunfish Blood Glucose
Slide Number 14
Resident Sunfish Gonadosomatic Index
Slide Number 16
Male Fathead Minnow Condition Factor
Discussion
Impacts
Acknowledgements
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Storm Water Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Stormwater Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
Predator avoidance responses of larvae at 21 days exposure
Average body length (mm) of larval fathead minnows at21 days exposure
RESULTS RECAP
bull E1 independently affected larval survival following predation as well as predator success
bull Temperature independently affected the predator avoidance response
bull No interactive effects or trends to suggest temperature modulation
bull Individuals at the larval stage are more susceptible to effects from exposure and temperature fluctuation
DISCUSSION
bull Alteration of predator-prey relationships and aquatic food webs
bull Survival Control 742 E1LOW 492 E1HIGH 529bull Similar to past study using estradiolbull Multi-generation population modeling projected declinebull Mitigation of effects on larvae through reduced predator
success
SIGNIFICANCE
bull Risk assessment
bull Ecological management plans
bull Identification of vulnerable populations
bull Prediction of population dynamics in real world settings
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b)
Objective (b) - Methods1 agricultural field ndash irrigates with domestic septage
Soil 4 sample locations 1 sample event
Chemical analyses Other wastewater
indicators Sterols amp hormones Antibiotics amp
pharmaceuticals
Agricultural Field Results
32 micropollutants detected in soil Fragrances bisphenol A PAHs etc More hormones and sterols detected relative to
other analyzed chemicals Carbamazepine ciprofloxacin ofloxacin in all
samples Ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin in mgkg range
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary 34 micropollutants detected in groundwater
near LSTSRIB facilities mostly pharmaceuticals Some detectionsconcentrations of potential
concern to aquatic and human health Soils receiving wastewater may be a
repository for some organic contaminants More research on fate amp transport needs to
be conducted to better understand how these BMPs contribute to contaminant load to environment
Acknowledgements
Funding State of Minnesota Clean Water Fund USGS Cooperative Matching Fund
Daniel Morel and Brent Mason sampling Facility owners and operators
Questions
Sarah Elliottselliottusgsgov
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
18 October 2017
Shalene Thomas Amec Foster WheelerHannah Albertus-Benham Amec Foster Wheeler
Outline
1 Introduction and Background The Concern What are Emerging Contaminants Why are they different PFAS what are they and where are they used
2 The Response PFAS Case Study Regulatory Landscape and overview Case Study Summary Facility Management Considerations
3 Summary
2 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
PFAS ndash General overview
Federal and State Programs
What is the concern
Why are they different
What are Emerging Contaminants
3 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
What is an emerging contaminant
4
DoD and EPA definitions generally state
1 Presents potential unacceptable risk
2 Has no published standard3 New science detection or
exposure pathway available12 3
1DoD Instruction 471518 Emerging Contaminants June 11 2009 DUSD (IampE) is Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Installation and Environment2EPA Federal Facilities Restoration and Reuse Officehttpwwwepagovfedfacdocumentsemerging_contaminantshtmadditional_ec
3 httptoxicsusgsgovregionalemc
EC News
Phase IAssessment
Phase IIAssessment
DoD Scan Watch Action Process
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 20175
Department of Defense Emerging Contaminants
EPA Office of Water Contaminants of Emerging Concern
Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs)
PBDEs
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Persistent Bioaccumulative
Toxic
Use and Contamination is
Widespread
Regulatory and Legal Actions
Rising
Risk Review Management Mitigation
6 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)
Unregulated Contaminant
Monitoring Rule(UCMR)
Center for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC)
National Health and Nutrition
Examination Survey (NHANES)
State Biomonitoring Cooperative Agreement
Seven States with Specific Risk Management Programs Addressing Emerging Contaminants
WA AZ MN NY ME VT
Federal and State EC Programs
7 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
What are PFAS
8
Fluorinated Substances
Perfluoroalkylsubstance
(formerly PFCs)Polyfluoroalkyl
substance
ie FTOH
ie82 FTOH
Note This is a simplified representation of fluorinated substance sub-classes and in no way represents the entire fluorinated substances class
3 RC Buck et al Guide to PFASs in the Environment- Integr Environ Assess Manag 7 2011
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
PFSA
ie PFOSie PFOA
PFCA
UsesSources
Oil and Gas Extraction Electroplating(mist suppressants)
Manufacturing Processes Intermediates By-products
Consumer ProductsSemiconductor
Industry
Aqueous film forming foams
9 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
10
Case Study
Regulatory Landscape
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Facility Management
US Water Criteria
11
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
USEPA 007 007 1
04 04 2
Alaska (AK) 040 040 2
Connecticut (CT) 007 007 2
Delaware (DE) 007 007 2
Iowa (IA) 007 007 2
Maine (ME) 007 007 1
013 056 2
005 12 3
Michigan (MI) 042 0011 4
007 007 2
Minnesota (MN) 0035 0027 2
Nevada (NV) 1
New Hampshire (NH) 007 007 2
New Jersey (NJ) 0014 1
North Carolina (NC) 2 2
Oregon (OR) 24 300 4
Texas (TX) 029 056 2
Vermont (VT) 002 002 12
US EPA
US by State
NOTES
1= drinking water2= groundwater3= recreational water4= surface water
= Promulgated rule (AK IA MI NH NC OR TX VT) = Promulgation anticipated proposed or recommended (MN NJ)= Calculated using the EPA RSL calculator
OTHER NOTABLES
bull 70 of the states adopted criteria within the last 2 yrsbull Several states have adopted criteria for other PFAS
bull CT DE MN NV NJ OR and TXbull CERCLA 5-Year reviews serving as Site ldquoRe-Openersrdquobull Administrative Orders from EPA despite promulgated
rulebull States have adopted Emergency Rules bull Site Clean-Up Goals vary broadly
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
International Water Criteria
12
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
Australia health-based 056 007 1health-based 56 07 2
Canada screening value 02 06 1Denmark screening value 01 01 1Germany health-based 03 03 1
administrative 01 01 1Italy health-based 05 1
screening value 01 3Netherlands health-based 053 1
4 McGuire M E et al (2014) Evidence of remediation-induced alteration of subsurface poly- and perfluoroalkyl substance distribution at a former firefighter training area Environmental Science amp Technology 48(12) 6644-6652
20 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Wastewater and Managementbull Water treatment containment
reusedischargebull Biosolids management reuse
5 Xindi C Hu et al Detection of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in the US Drinking Water Linked to Industrial Sites Military Fire Training Areas and Wastewater Treatment Plants Environmental Science and Technology Letters (August 2016) 3 344-350 DOI 101021ascastlett6b00260
6 US Environmental Protection Agency FACT SHEET Perfluorochemical (PFC) Contaminationof Biosolids Near Decatur Alabama March 20117 httpwwwafcecafmilNewsArticle-DisplayArticle466187air-force-earth-day-2013-emphasis-on-water-conservation
Water reuse Source Construction (compaction dust suppression) Irrigation (grounds golf course)
21 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Stormwaterbull gt95 detection across samples collectedbull Non-point source contributionbull Management via
passive treatment collection and treatment retention
bull Currently being maintained on propertybull Staged until later datebull Liabilities minimized by storing on-sitebull Some disposal facilities refusing to accept
AFFF Foam- Best Management Practices Consider entire life cycle
bull Procurement bull Management of wastewater during testing
and flushingbull Disposal practices
22 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
The ldquotake-home messagesrdquohellip
1 Keep one eye open- the PFAS regulatory framework is evolving quickly
2 Science is not always driving decisions
3 Evaluate and manage liabilities proactively to avoid unintended consequences
PFAS Regulatory Status and Prognosis
PFAS Strategic Management Today
23 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Upcoming ConferencesAEHS Amherst MA- Oct 16-19SETAC Annual Conference Minneapolis MN- Nov 16-18Battelle Chlorinated Conference Palm Springs CA ndashApril 8-12
Industry PublicationsNGWA Groundwater and PFAS State of Knowledge and Practice- due out Fall 2017ITRC PFAS Fact Sheets- 6 in total before the end of 2017Podcast Understanding Emerging Contaminants and Regulatory Matters (httpsitunesapplecomuspodcastcivil-engineering-podcastid993416182mt=2) Woodard S et al 2017 Ion exchange resin for PFAS removal and pilot test comparison to GAC Remediation 2017 2719-27
Where to find us
24 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Questions
Thank youShalene Thomas MS PMPEmerging Contaminants Program ManagerWood dba Amec Foster Wheeler
Male Fathead Minnow Condition FactorMean BCF vs Treatment (Fathead Minnow)
Treatment
BLK GRM BCR FMP PBG USC SCR TWP MIX000
001
002
003
004
005
006Mean
2017
Upstream Downstream
Statistically different means indicated by differing letters
A
BBB
ABAB
ABABAB
Discussion
Varied water chemistry depicts a system with multiple inputs from both known (effluent) and unknown (runoff) sources
Alterations to FHM fecundity and body condition factor represent a complex river system with varying inputs
Sunfish indices (glucose HSI GSI) detail the importance of entire life-cycle exposure due to strong upstream to downstream trends (glucose) and individual site effects (HSI GSI)
Impacts
Potential improper re-direction of energy stores at a critical energy-intensive period of reproduction
Alterations to reproduction and reproductive indices could lead to population dynamic changes
Most pronounced effects observed on resident sunfish those which were exposed their entire life
Acknowledgements
Thanks to our collaboratorsSt Cloud State University ndash
Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory
Estrone and Temperature Interactions Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationships in Freshwater Fish
Estrone and Temperature Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationship in Freshwater Fish
Introduction
Hypothesis
Exposure Systems
Predator Avoidance response
Calcein Staining
Slide Number 8
Slide Number 9
Slide Number 10
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
Results Recap
Discussion
Significance
Acknowledgements
Questions
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastwateer Land Application Sites
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastewater Land Application Sites
Some Definitions
Problem amp Significance
Problem amp Significance
Objectives
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in shallow groundwater near 7 LSTSRIB facilities
Objective (a) - Methods
Facility Locations
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
Comparison to MN Ambient Groundwater
PrioritizationScreening Assessment
Prioritization Assessment - Surface Water
Screening Assessment ndash Human Health
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b) - Methods
Agricultural Field Results
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary
Acknowledgements
Questions
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
Outline
PFAS ndash General overview
What is an emerging contaminant
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Federal and State EC Programs
What are PFAS
UsesSources
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
The Impetus for Change
Slide Number 14
Slide Number 15
Slide Number 16
Slide Number 17
Slide Number 18
Slide Number 19
Slide Number 20
Slide Number 21
Slide Number 22
Slide Number 23
Slide Number 24
Slide Number 25
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnows (pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Maumee River
Maumee River
Study Objective
Slide Number 5
Slide Number 6
Slide Number 7
Slide Number 8
Water Chemistry
Water Chemistry
Fathead Minnow Fecundity
Larval Fathead Minnow
Sunfish Blood Glucose
Slide Number 14
Resident Sunfish Gonadosomatic Index
Slide Number 16
Male Fathead Minnow Condition Factor
Discussion
Impacts
Acknowledgements
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Storm Water Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Stormwater Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
Average body length (mm) of larval fathead minnows at21 days exposure
RESULTS RECAP
bull E1 independently affected larval survival following predation as well as predator success
bull Temperature independently affected the predator avoidance response
bull No interactive effects or trends to suggest temperature modulation
bull Individuals at the larval stage are more susceptible to effects from exposure and temperature fluctuation
DISCUSSION
bull Alteration of predator-prey relationships and aquatic food webs
bull Survival Control 742 E1LOW 492 E1HIGH 529bull Similar to past study using estradiolbull Multi-generation population modeling projected declinebull Mitigation of effects on larvae through reduced predator
success
SIGNIFICANCE
bull Risk assessment
bull Ecological management plans
bull Identification of vulnerable populations
bull Prediction of population dynamics in real world settings
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b)
Objective (b) - Methods1 agricultural field ndash irrigates with domestic septage
Soil 4 sample locations 1 sample event
Chemical analyses Other wastewater
indicators Sterols amp hormones Antibiotics amp
pharmaceuticals
Agricultural Field Results
32 micropollutants detected in soil Fragrances bisphenol A PAHs etc More hormones and sterols detected relative to
other analyzed chemicals Carbamazepine ciprofloxacin ofloxacin in all
samples Ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin in mgkg range
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary 34 micropollutants detected in groundwater
near LSTSRIB facilities mostly pharmaceuticals Some detectionsconcentrations of potential
concern to aquatic and human health Soils receiving wastewater may be a
repository for some organic contaminants More research on fate amp transport needs to
be conducted to better understand how these BMPs contribute to contaminant load to environment
Acknowledgements
Funding State of Minnesota Clean Water Fund USGS Cooperative Matching Fund
Daniel Morel and Brent Mason sampling Facility owners and operators
Questions
Sarah Elliottselliottusgsgov
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
18 October 2017
Shalene Thomas Amec Foster WheelerHannah Albertus-Benham Amec Foster Wheeler
Outline
1 Introduction and Background The Concern What are Emerging Contaminants Why are they different PFAS what are they and where are they used
2 The Response PFAS Case Study Regulatory Landscape and overview Case Study Summary Facility Management Considerations
3 Summary
2 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
PFAS ndash General overview
Federal and State Programs
What is the concern
Why are they different
What are Emerging Contaminants
3 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
What is an emerging contaminant
4
DoD and EPA definitions generally state
1 Presents potential unacceptable risk
2 Has no published standard3 New science detection or
exposure pathway available12 3
1DoD Instruction 471518 Emerging Contaminants June 11 2009 DUSD (IampE) is Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Installation and Environment2EPA Federal Facilities Restoration and Reuse Officehttpwwwepagovfedfacdocumentsemerging_contaminantshtmadditional_ec
3 httptoxicsusgsgovregionalemc
EC News
Phase IAssessment
Phase IIAssessment
DoD Scan Watch Action Process
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 20175
Department of Defense Emerging Contaminants
EPA Office of Water Contaminants of Emerging Concern
Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs)
PBDEs
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Persistent Bioaccumulative
Toxic
Use and Contamination is
Widespread
Regulatory and Legal Actions
Rising
Risk Review Management Mitigation
6 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)
Unregulated Contaminant
Monitoring Rule(UCMR)
Center for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC)
National Health and Nutrition
Examination Survey (NHANES)
State Biomonitoring Cooperative Agreement
Seven States with Specific Risk Management Programs Addressing Emerging Contaminants
WA AZ MN NY ME VT
Federal and State EC Programs
7 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
What are PFAS
8
Fluorinated Substances
Perfluoroalkylsubstance
(formerly PFCs)Polyfluoroalkyl
substance
ie FTOH
ie82 FTOH
Note This is a simplified representation of fluorinated substance sub-classes and in no way represents the entire fluorinated substances class
3 RC Buck et al Guide to PFASs in the Environment- Integr Environ Assess Manag 7 2011
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
PFSA
ie PFOSie PFOA
PFCA
UsesSources
Oil and Gas Extraction Electroplating(mist suppressants)
Manufacturing Processes Intermediates By-products
Consumer ProductsSemiconductor
Industry
Aqueous film forming foams
9 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
10
Case Study
Regulatory Landscape
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Facility Management
US Water Criteria
11
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
USEPA 007 007 1
04 04 2
Alaska (AK) 040 040 2
Connecticut (CT) 007 007 2
Delaware (DE) 007 007 2
Iowa (IA) 007 007 2
Maine (ME) 007 007 1
013 056 2
005 12 3
Michigan (MI) 042 0011 4
007 007 2
Minnesota (MN) 0035 0027 2
Nevada (NV) 1
New Hampshire (NH) 007 007 2
New Jersey (NJ) 0014 1
North Carolina (NC) 2 2
Oregon (OR) 24 300 4
Texas (TX) 029 056 2
Vermont (VT) 002 002 12
US EPA
US by State
NOTES
1= drinking water2= groundwater3= recreational water4= surface water
= Promulgated rule (AK IA MI NH NC OR TX VT) = Promulgation anticipated proposed or recommended (MN NJ)= Calculated using the EPA RSL calculator
OTHER NOTABLES
bull 70 of the states adopted criteria within the last 2 yrsbull Several states have adopted criteria for other PFAS
bull CT DE MN NV NJ OR and TXbull CERCLA 5-Year reviews serving as Site ldquoRe-Openersrdquobull Administrative Orders from EPA despite promulgated
rulebull States have adopted Emergency Rules bull Site Clean-Up Goals vary broadly
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
International Water Criteria
12
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
Australia health-based 056 007 1health-based 56 07 2
Canada screening value 02 06 1Denmark screening value 01 01 1Germany health-based 03 03 1
administrative 01 01 1Italy health-based 05 1
screening value 01 3Netherlands health-based 053 1
4 McGuire M E et al (2014) Evidence of remediation-induced alteration of subsurface poly- and perfluoroalkyl substance distribution at a former firefighter training area Environmental Science amp Technology 48(12) 6644-6652
20 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Wastewater and Managementbull Water treatment containment
reusedischargebull Biosolids management reuse
5 Xindi C Hu et al Detection of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in the US Drinking Water Linked to Industrial Sites Military Fire Training Areas and Wastewater Treatment Plants Environmental Science and Technology Letters (August 2016) 3 344-350 DOI 101021ascastlett6b00260
6 US Environmental Protection Agency FACT SHEET Perfluorochemical (PFC) Contaminationof Biosolids Near Decatur Alabama March 20117 httpwwwafcecafmilNewsArticle-DisplayArticle466187air-force-earth-day-2013-emphasis-on-water-conservation
Water reuse Source Construction (compaction dust suppression) Irrigation (grounds golf course)
21 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Stormwaterbull gt95 detection across samples collectedbull Non-point source contributionbull Management via
passive treatment collection and treatment retention
bull Currently being maintained on propertybull Staged until later datebull Liabilities minimized by storing on-sitebull Some disposal facilities refusing to accept
AFFF Foam- Best Management Practices Consider entire life cycle
bull Procurement bull Management of wastewater during testing
and flushingbull Disposal practices
22 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
The ldquotake-home messagesrdquohellip
1 Keep one eye open- the PFAS regulatory framework is evolving quickly
2 Science is not always driving decisions
3 Evaluate and manage liabilities proactively to avoid unintended consequences
PFAS Regulatory Status and Prognosis
PFAS Strategic Management Today
23 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Upcoming ConferencesAEHS Amherst MA- Oct 16-19SETAC Annual Conference Minneapolis MN- Nov 16-18Battelle Chlorinated Conference Palm Springs CA ndashApril 8-12
Industry PublicationsNGWA Groundwater and PFAS State of Knowledge and Practice- due out Fall 2017ITRC PFAS Fact Sheets- 6 in total before the end of 2017Podcast Understanding Emerging Contaminants and Regulatory Matters (httpsitunesapplecomuspodcastcivil-engineering-podcastid993416182mt=2) Woodard S et al 2017 Ion exchange resin for PFAS removal and pilot test comparison to GAC Remediation 2017 2719-27
Where to find us
24 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Questions
Thank youShalene Thomas MS PMPEmerging Contaminants Program ManagerWood dba Amec Foster Wheeler
Male Fathead Minnow Condition FactorMean BCF vs Treatment (Fathead Minnow)
Treatment
BLK GRM BCR FMP PBG USC SCR TWP MIX000
001
002
003
004
005
006Mean
2017
Upstream Downstream
Statistically different means indicated by differing letters
A
BBB
ABAB
ABABAB
Discussion
Varied water chemistry depicts a system with multiple inputs from both known (effluent) and unknown (runoff) sources
Alterations to FHM fecundity and body condition factor represent a complex river system with varying inputs
Sunfish indices (glucose HSI GSI) detail the importance of entire life-cycle exposure due to strong upstream to downstream trends (glucose) and individual site effects (HSI GSI)
Impacts
Potential improper re-direction of energy stores at a critical energy-intensive period of reproduction
Alterations to reproduction and reproductive indices could lead to population dynamic changes
Most pronounced effects observed on resident sunfish those which were exposed their entire life
Acknowledgements
Thanks to our collaboratorsSt Cloud State University ndash
Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory
Estrone and Temperature Interactions Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationships in Freshwater Fish
Estrone and Temperature Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationship in Freshwater Fish
Introduction
Hypothesis
Exposure Systems
Predator Avoidance response
Calcein Staining
Slide Number 8
Slide Number 9
Slide Number 10
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
Results Recap
Discussion
Significance
Acknowledgements
Questions
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastwateer Land Application Sites
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastewater Land Application Sites
Some Definitions
Problem amp Significance
Problem amp Significance
Objectives
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in shallow groundwater near 7 LSTSRIB facilities
Objective (a) - Methods
Facility Locations
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
Comparison to MN Ambient Groundwater
PrioritizationScreening Assessment
Prioritization Assessment - Surface Water
Screening Assessment ndash Human Health
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b) - Methods
Agricultural Field Results
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary
Acknowledgements
Questions
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
Outline
PFAS ndash General overview
What is an emerging contaminant
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Federal and State EC Programs
What are PFAS
UsesSources
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
The Impetus for Change
Slide Number 14
Slide Number 15
Slide Number 16
Slide Number 17
Slide Number 18
Slide Number 19
Slide Number 20
Slide Number 21
Slide Number 22
Slide Number 23
Slide Number 24
Slide Number 25
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnows (pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Maumee River
Maumee River
Study Objective
Slide Number 5
Slide Number 6
Slide Number 7
Slide Number 8
Water Chemistry
Water Chemistry
Fathead Minnow Fecundity
Larval Fathead Minnow
Sunfish Blood Glucose
Slide Number 14
Resident Sunfish Gonadosomatic Index
Slide Number 16
Male Fathead Minnow Condition Factor
Discussion
Impacts
Acknowledgements
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Storm Water Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Stormwater Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
RESULTS RECAP
bull E1 independently affected larval survival following predation as well as predator success
bull Temperature independently affected the predator avoidance response
bull No interactive effects or trends to suggest temperature modulation
bull Individuals at the larval stage are more susceptible to effects from exposure and temperature fluctuation
DISCUSSION
bull Alteration of predator-prey relationships and aquatic food webs
bull Survival Control 742 E1LOW 492 E1HIGH 529bull Similar to past study using estradiolbull Multi-generation population modeling projected declinebull Mitigation of effects on larvae through reduced predator
success
SIGNIFICANCE
bull Risk assessment
bull Ecological management plans
bull Identification of vulnerable populations
bull Prediction of population dynamics in real world settings
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b)
Objective (b) - Methods1 agricultural field ndash irrigates with domestic septage
Soil 4 sample locations 1 sample event
Chemical analyses Other wastewater
indicators Sterols amp hormones Antibiotics amp
pharmaceuticals
Agricultural Field Results
32 micropollutants detected in soil Fragrances bisphenol A PAHs etc More hormones and sterols detected relative to
other analyzed chemicals Carbamazepine ciprofloxacin ofloxacin in all
samples Ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin in mgkg range
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary 34 micropollutants detected in groundwater
near LSTSRIB facilities mostly pharmaceuticals Some detectionsconcentrations of potential
concern to aquatic and human health Soils receiving wastewater may be a
repository for some organic contaminants More research on fate amp transport needs to
be conducted to better understand how these BMPs contribute to contaminant load to environment
Acknowledgements
Funding State of Minnesota Clean Water Fund USGS Cooperative Matching Fund
Daniel Morel and Brent Mason sampling Facility owners and operators
Questions
Sarah Elliottselliottusgsgov
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
18 October 2017
Shalene Thomas Amec Foster WheelerHannah Albertus-Benham Amec Foster Wheeler
Outline
1 Introduction and Background The Concern What are Emerging Contaminants Why are they different PFAS what are they and where are they used
2 The Response PFAS Case Study Regulatory Landscape and overview Case Study Summary Facility Management Considerations
3 Summary
2 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
PFAS ndash General overview
Federal and State Programs
What is the concern
Why are they different
What are Emerging Contaminants
3 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
What is an emerging contaminant
4
DoD and EPA definitions generally state
1 Presents potential unacceptable risk
2 Has no published standard3 New science detection or
exposure pathway available12 3
1DoD Instruction 471518 Emerging Contaminants June 11 2009 DUSD (IampE) is Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Installation and Environment2EPA Federal Facilities Restoration and Reuse Officehttpwwwepagovfedfacdocumentsemerging_contaminantshtmadditional_ec
3 httptoxicsusgsgovregionalemc
EC News
Phase IAssessment
Phase IIAssessment
DoD Scan Watch Action Process
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 20175
Department of Defense Emerging Contaminants
EPA Office of Water Contaminants of Emerging Concern
Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs)
PBDEs
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Persistent Bioaccumulative
Toxic
Use and Contamination is
Widespread
Regulatory and Legal Actions
Rising
Risk Review Management Mitigation
6 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)
Unregulated Contaminant
Monitoring Rule(UCMR)
Center for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC)
National Health and Nutrition
Examination Survey (NHANES)
State Biomonitoring Cooperative Agreement
Seven States with Specific Risk Management Programs Addressing Emerging Contaminants
WA AZ MN NY ME VT
Federal and State EC Programs
7 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
What are PFAS
8
Fluorinated Substances
Perfluoroalkylsubstance
(formerly PFCs)Polyfluoroalkyl
substance
ie FTOH
ie82 FTOH
Note This is a simplified representation of fluorinated substance sub-classes and in no way represents the entire fluorinated substances class
3 RC Buck et al Guide to PFASs in the Environment- Integr Environ Assess Manag 7 2011
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
PFSA
ie PFOSie PFOA
PFCA
UsesSources
Oil and Gas Extraction Electroplating(mist suppressants)
Manufacturing Processes Intermediates By-products
Consumer ProductsSemiconductor
Industry
Aqueous film forming foams
9 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
10
Case Study
Regulatory Landscape
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Facility Management
US Water Criteria
11
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
USEPA 007 007 1
04 04 2
Alaska (AK) 040 040 2
Connecticut (CT) 007 007 2
Delaware (DE) 007 007 2
Iowa (IA) 007 007 2
Maine (ME) 007 007 1
013 056 2
005 12 3
Michigan (MI) 042 0011 4
007 007 2
Minnesota (MN) 0035 0027 2
Nevada (NV) 1
New Hampshire (NH) 007 007 2
New Jersey (NJ) 0014 1
North Carolina (NC) 2 2
Oregon (OR) 24 300 4
Texas (TX) 029 056 2
Vermont (VT) 002 002 12
US EPA
US by State
NOTES
1= drinking water2= groundwater3= recreational water4= surface water
= Promulgated rule (AK IA MI NH NC OR TX VT) = Promulgation anticipated proposed or recommended (MN NJ)= Calculated using the EPA RSL calculator
OTHER NOTABLES
bull 70 of the states adopted criteria within the last 2 yrsbull Several states have adopted criteria for other PFAS
bull CT DE MN NV NJ OR and TXbull CERCLA 5-Year reviews serving as Site ldquoRe-Openersrdquobull Administrative Orders from EPA despite promulgated
rulebull States have adopted Emergency Rules bull Site Clean-Up Goals vary broadly
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
International Water Criteria
12
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
Australia health-based 056 007 1health-based 56 07 2
Canada screening value 02 06 1Denmark screening value 01 01 1Germany health-based 03 03 1
administrative 01 01 1Italy health-based 05 1
screening value 01 3Netherlands health-based 053 1
4 McGuire M E et al (2014) Evidence of remediation-induced alteration of subsurface poly- and perfluoroalkyl substance distribution at a former firefighter training area Environmental Science amp Technology 48(12) 6644-6652
20 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Wastewater and Managementbull Water treatment containment
reusedischargebull Biosolids management reuse
5 Xindi C Hu et al Detection of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in the US Drinking Water Linked to Industrial Sites Military Fire Training Areas and Wastewater Treatment Plants Environmental Science and Technology Letters (August 2016) 3 344-350 DOI 101021ascastlett6b00260
6 US Environmental Protection Agency FACT SHEET Perfluorochemical (PFC) Contaminationof Biosolids Near Decatur Alabama March 20117 httpwwwafcecafmilNewsArticle-DisplayArticle466187air-force-earth-day-2013-emphasis-on-water-conservation
Water reuse Source Construction (compaction dust suppression) Irrigation (grounds golf course)
21 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Stormwaterbull gt95 detection across samples collectedbull Non-point source contributionbull Management via
passive treatment collection and treatment retention
bull Currently being maintained on propertybull Staged until later datebull Liabilities minimized by storing on-sitebull Some disposal facilities refusing to accept
AFFF Foam- Best Management Practices Consider entire life cycle
bull Procurement bull Management of wastewater during testing
and flushingbull Disposal practices
22 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
The ldquotake-home messagesrdquohellip
1 Keep one eye open- the PFAS regulatory framework is evolving quickly
2 Science is not always driving decisions
3 Evaluate and manage liabilities proactively to avoid unintended consequences
PFAS Regulatory Status and Prognosis
PFAS Strategic Management Today
23 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Upcoming ConferencesAEHS Amherst MA- Oct 16-19SETAC Annual Conference Minneapolis MN- Nov 16-18Battelle Chlorinated Conference Palm Springs CA ndashApril 8-12
Industry PublicationsNGWA Groundwater and PFAS State of Knowledge and Practice- due out Fall 2017ITRC PFAS Fact Sheets- 6 in total before the end of 2017Podcast Understanding Emerging Contaminants and Regulatory Matters (httpsitunesapplecomuspodcastcivil-engineering-podcastid993416182mt=2) Woodard S et al 2017 Ion exchange resin for PFAS removal and pilot test comparison to GAC Remediation 2017 2719-27
Where to find us
24 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Questions
Thank youShalene Thomas MS PMPEmerging Contaminants Program ManagerWood dba Amec Foster Wheeler
Male Fathead Minnow Condition FactorMean BCF vs Treatment (Fathead Minnow)
Treatment
BLK GRM BCR FMP PBG USC SCR TWP MIX000
001
002
003
004
005
006Mean
2017
Upstream Downstream
Statistically different means indicated by differing letters
A
BBB
ABAB
ABABAB
Discussion
Varied water chemistry depicts a system with multiple inputs from both known (effluent) and unknown (runoff) sources
Alterations to FHM fecundity and body condition factor represent a complex river system with varying inputs
Sunfish indices (glucose HSI GSI) detail the importance of entire life-cycle exposure due to strong upstream to downstream trends (glucose) and individual site effects (HSI GSI)
Impacts
Potential improper re-direction of energy stores at a critical energy-intensive period of reproduction
Alterations to reproduction and reproductive indices could lead to population dynamic changes
Most pronounced effects observed on resident sunfish those which were exposed their entire life
Acknowledgements
Thanks to our collaboratorsSt Cloud State University ndash
Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory
Estrone and Temperature Interactions Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationships in Freshwater Fish
Estrone and Temperature Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationship in Freshwater Fish
Introduction
Hypothesis
Exposure Systems
Predator Avoidance response
Calcein Staining
Slide Number 8
Slide Number 9
Slide Number 10
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
Results Recap
Discussion
Significance
Acknowledgements
Questions
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastwateer Land Application Sites
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastewater Land Application Sites
Some Definitions
Problem amp Significance
Problem amp Significance
Objectives
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in shallow groundwater near 7 LSTSRIB facilities
Objective (a) - Methods
Facility Locations
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
Comparison to MN Ambient Groundwater
PrioritizationScreening Assessment
Prioritization Assessment - Surface Water
Screening Assessment ndash Human Health
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b) - Methods
Agricultural Field Results
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary
Acknowledgements
Questions
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
Outline
PFAS ndash General overview
What is an emerging contaminant
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Federal and State EC Programs
What are PFAS
UsesSources
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
The Impetus for Change
Slide Number 14
Slide Number 15
Slide Number 16
Slide Number 17
Slide Number 18
Slide Number 19
Slide Number 20
Slide Number 21
Slide Number 22
Slide Number 23
Slide Number 24
Slide Number 25
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnows (pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Maumee River
Maumee River
Study Objective
Slide Number 5
Slide Number 6
Slide Number 7
Slide Number 8
Water Chemistry
Water Chemistry
Fathead Minnow Fecundity
Larval Fathead Minnow
Sunfish Blood Glucose
Slide Number 14
Resident Sunfish Gonadosomatic Index
Slide Number 16
Male Fathead Minnow Condition Factor
Discussion
Impacts
Acknowledgements
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Storm Water Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Stormwater Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
DISCUSSION
bull Alteration of predator-prey relationships and aquatic food webs
bull Survival Control 742 E1LOW 492 E1HIGH 529bull Similar to past study using estradiolbull Multi-generation population modeling projected declinebull Mitigation of effects on larvae through reduced predator
success
SIGNIFICANCE
bull Risk assessment
bull Ecological management plans
bull Identification of vulnerable populations
bull Prediction of population dynamics in real world settings
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b)
Objective (b) - Methods1 agricultural field ndash irrigates with domestic septage
Soil 4 sample locations 1 sample event
Chemical analyses Other wastewater
indicators Sterols amp hormones Antibiotics amp
pharmaceuticals
Agricultural Field Results
32 micropollutants detected in soil Fragrances bisphenol A PAHs etc More hormones and sterols detected relative to
other analyzed chemicals Carbamazepine ciprofloxacin ofloxacin in all
samples Ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin in mgkg range
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary 34 micropollutants detected in groundwater
near LSTSRIB facilities mostly pharmaceuticals Some detectionsconcentrations of potential
concern to aquatic and human health Soils receiving wastewater may be a
repository for some organic contaminants More research on fate amp transport needs to
be conducted to better understand how these BMPs contribute to contaminant load to environment
Acknowledgements
Funding State of Minnesota Clean Water Fund USGS Cooperative Matching Fund
Daniel Morel and Brent Mason sampling Facility owners and operators
Questions
Sarah Elliottselliottusgsgov
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
18 October 2017
Shalene Thomas Amec Foster WheelerHannah Albertus-Benham Amec Foster Wheeler
Outline
1 Introduction and Background The Concern What are Emerging Contaminants Why are they different PFAS what are they and where are they used
2 The Response PFAS Case Study Regulatory Landscape and overview Case Study Summary Facility Management Considerations
3 Summary
2 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
PFAS ndash General overview
Federal and State Programs
What is the concern
Why are they different
What are Emerging Contaminants
3 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
What is an emerging contaminant
4
DoD and EPA definitions generally state
1 Presents potential unacceptable risk
2 Has no published standard3 New science detection or
exposure pathway available12 3
1DoD Instruction 471518 Emerging Contaminants June 11 2009 DUSD (IampE) is Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Installation and Environment2EPA Federal Facilities Restoration and Reuse Officehttpwwwepagovfedfacdocumentsemerging_contaminantshtmadditional_ec
3 httptoxicsusgsgovregionalemc
EC News
Phase IAssessment
Phase IIAssessment
DoD Scan Watch Action Process
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 20175
Department of Defense Emerging Contaminants
EPA Office of Water Contaminants of Emerging Concern
Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs)
PBDEs
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Persistent Bioaccumulative
Toxic
Use and Contamination is
Widespread
Regulatory and Legal Actions
Rising
Risk Review Management Mitigation
6 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)
Unregulated Contaminant
Monitoring Rule(UCMR)
Center for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC)
National Health and Nutrition
Examination Survey (NHANES)
State Biomonitoring Cooperative Agreement
Seven States with Specific Risk Management Programs Addressing Emerging Contaminants
WA AZ MN NY ME VT
Federal and State EC Programs
7 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
What are PFAS
8
Fluorinated Substances
Perfluoroalkylsubstance
(formerly PFCs)Polyfluoroalkyl
substance
ie FTOH
ie82 FTOH
Note This is a simplified representation of fluorinated substance sub-classes and in no way represents the entire fluorinated substances class
3 RC Buck et al Guide to PFASs in the Environment- Integr Environ Assess Manag 7 2011
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
PFSA
ie PFOSie PFOA
PFCA
UsesSources
Oil and Gas Extraction Electroplating(mist suppressants)
Manufacturing Processes Intermediates By-products
Consumer ProductsSemiconductor
Industry
Aqueous film forming foams
9 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
10
Case Study
Regulatory Landscape
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Facility Management
US Water Criteria
11
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
USEPA 007 007 1
04 04 2
Alaska (AK) 040 040 2
Connecticut (CT) 007 007 2
Delaware (DE) 007 007 2
Iowa (IA) 007 007 2
Maine (ME) 007 007 1
013 056 2
005 12 3
Michigan (MI) 042 0011 4
007 007 2
Minnesota (MN) 0035 0027 2
Nevada (NV) 1
New Hampshire (NH) 007 007 2
New Jersey (NJ) 0014 1
North Carolina (NC) 2 2
Oregon (OR) 24 300 4
Texas (TX) 029 056 2
Vermont (VT) 002 002 12
US EPA
US by State
NOTES
1= drinking water2= groundwater3= recreational water4= surface water
= Promulgated rule (AK IA MI NH NC OR TX VT) = Promulgation anticipated proposed or recommended (MN NJ)= Calculated using the EPA RSL calculator
OTHER NOTABLES
bull 70 of the states adopted criteria within the last 2 yrsbull Several states have adopted criteria for other PFAS
bull CT DE MN NV NJ OR and TXbull CERCLA 5-Year reviews serving as Site ldquoRe-Openersrdquobull Administrative Orders from EPA despite promulgated
rulebull States have adopted Emergency Rules bull Site Clean-Up Goals vary broadly
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
International Water Criteria
12
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
Australia health-based 056 007 1health-based 56 07 2
Canada screening value 02 06 1Denmark screening value 01 01 1Germany health-based 03 03 1
administrative 01 01 1Italy health-based 05 1
screening value 01 3Netherlands health-based 053 1
4 McGuire M E et al (2014) Evidence of remediation-induced alteration of subsurface poly- and perfluoroalkyl substance distribution at a former firefighter training area Environmental Science amp Technology 48(12) 6644-6652
20 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Wastewater and Managementbull Water treatment containment
reusedischargebull Biosolids management reuse
5 Xindi C Hu et al Detection of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in the US Drinking Water Linked to Industrial Sites Military Fire Training Areas and Wastewater Treatment Plants Environmental Science and Technology Letters (August 2016) 3 344-350 DOI 101021ascastlett6b00260
6 US Environmental Protection Agency FACT SHEET Perfluorochemical (PFC) Contaminationof Biosolids Near Decatur Alabama March 20117 httpwwwafcecafmilNewsArticle-DisplayArticle466187air-force-earth-day-2013-emphasis-on-water-conservation
Water reuse Source Construction (compaction dust suppression) Irrigation (grounds golf course)
21 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Stormwaterbull gt95 detection across samples collectedbull Non-point source contributionbull Management via
passive treatment collection and treatment retention
bull Currently being maintained on propertybull Staged until later datebull Liabilities minimized by storing on-sitebull Some disposal facilities refusing to accept
AFFF Foam- Best Management Practices Consider entire life cycle
bull Procurement bull Management of wastewater during testing
and flushingbull Disposal practices
22 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
The ldquotake-home messagesrdquohellip
1 Keep one eye open- the PFAS regulatory framework is evolving quickly
2 Science is not always driving decisions
3 Evaluate and manage liabilities proactively to avoid unintended consequences
PFAS Regulatory Status and Prognosis
PFAS Strategic Management Today
23 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Upcoming ConferencesAEHS Amherst MA- Oct 16-19SETAC Annual Conference Minneapolis MN- Nov 16-18Battelle Chlorinated Conference Palm Springs CA ndashApril 8-12
Industry PublicationsNGWA Groundwater and PFAS State of Knowledge and Practice- due out Fall 2017ITRC PFAS Fact Sheets- 6 in total before the end of 2017Podcast Understanding Emerging Contaminants and Regulatory Matters (httpsitunesapplecomuspodcastcivil-engineering-podcastid993416182mt=2) Woodard S et al 2017 Ion exchange resin for PFAS removal and pilot test comparison to GAC Remediation 2017 2719-27
Where to find us
24 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Questions
Thank youShalene Thomas MS PMPEmerging Contaminants Program ManagerWood dba Amec Foster Wheeler
Male Fathead Minnow Condition FactorMean BCF vs Treatment (Fathead Minnow)
Treatment
BLK GRM BCR FMP PBG USC SCR TWP MIX000
001
002
003
004
005
006Mean
2017
Upstream Downstream
Statistically different means indicated by differing letters
A
BBB
ABAB
ABABAB
Discussion
Varied water chemistry depicts a system with multiple inputs from both known (effluent) and unknown (runoff) sources
Alterations to FHM fecundity and body condition factor represent a complex river system with varying inputs
Sunfish indices (glucose HSI GSI) detail the importance of entire life-cycle exposure due to strong upstream to downstream trends (glucose) and individual site effects (HSI GSI)
Impacts
Potential improper re-direction of energy stores at a critical energy-intensive period of reproduction
Alterations to reproduction and reproductive indices could lead to population dynamic changes
Most pronounced effects observed on resident sunfish those which were exposed their entire life
Acknowledgements
Thanks to our collaboratorsSt Cloud State University ndash
Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory
Estrone and Temperature Interactions Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationships in Freshwater Fish
Estrone and Temperature Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationship in Freshwater Fish
Introduction
Hypothesis
Exposure Systems
Predator Avoidance response
Calcein Staining
Slide Number 8
Slide Number 9
Slide Number 10
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
Results Recap
Discussion
Significance
Acknowledgements
Questions
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastwateer Land Application Sites
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastewater Land Application Sites
Some Definitions
Problem amp Significance
Problem amp Significance
Objectives
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in shallow groundwater near 7 LSTSRIB facilities
Objective (a) - Methods
Facility Locations
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
Comparison to MN Ambient Groundwater
PrioritizationScreening Assessment
Prioritization Assessment - Surface Water
Screening Assessment ndash Human Health
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b) - Methods
Agricultural Field Results
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary
Acknowledgements
Questions
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
Outline
PFAS ndash General overview
What is an emerging contaminant
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Federal and State EC Programs
What are PFAS
UsesSources
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
The Impetus for Change
Slide Number 14
Slide Number 15
Slide Number 16
Slide Number 17
Slide Number 18
Slide Number 19
Slide Number 20
Slide Number 21
Slide Number 22
Slide Number 23
Slide Number 24
Slide Number 25
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnows (pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Maumee River
Maumee River
Study Objective
Slide Number 5
Slide Number 6
Slide Number 7
Slide Number 8
Water Chemistry
Water Chemistry
Fathead Minnow Fecundity
Larval Fathead Minnow
Sunfish Blood Glucose
Slide Number 14
Resident Sunfish Gonadosomatic Index
Slide Number 16
Male Fathead Minnow Condition Factor
Discussion
Impacts
Acknowledgements
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Storm Water Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Stormwater Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
SIGNIFICANCE
bull Risk assessment
bull Ecological management plans
bull Identification of vulnerable populations
bull Prediction of population dynamics in real world settings
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b)
Objective (b) - Methods1 agricultural field ndash irrigates with domestic septage
Soil 4 sample locations 1 sample event
Chemical analyses Other wastewater
indicators Sterols amp hormones Antibiotics amp
pharmaceuticals
Agricultural Field Results
32 micropollutants detected in soil Fragrances bisphenol A PAHs etc More hormones and sterols detected relative to
other analyzed chemicals Carbamazepine ciprofloxacin ofloxacin in all
samples Ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin in mgkg range
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary 34 micropollutants detected in groundwater
near LSTSRIB facilities mostly pharmaceuticals Some detectionsconcentrations of potential
concern to aquatic and human health Soils receiving wastewater may be a
repository for some organic contaminants More research on fate amp transport needs to
be conducted to better understand how these BMPs contribute to contaminant load to environment
Acknowledgements
Funding State of Minnesota Clean Water Fund USGS Cooperative Matching Fund
Daniel Morel and Brent Mason sampling Facility owners and operators
Questions
Sarah Elliottselliottusgsgov
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
18 October 2017
Shalene Thomas Amec Foster WheelerHannah Albertus-Benham Amec Foster Wheeler
Outline
1 Introduction and Background The Concern What are Emerging Contaminants Why are they different PFAS what are they and where are they used
2 The Response PFAS Case Study Regulatory Landscape and overview Case Study Summary Facility Management Considerations
3 Summary
2 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
PFAS ndash General overview
Federal and State Programs
What is the concern
Why are they different
What are Emerging Contaminants
3 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
What is an emerging contaminant
4
DoD and EPA definitions generally state
1 Presents potential unacceptable risk
2 Has no published standard3 New science detection or
exposure pathway available12 3
1DoD Instruction 471518 Emerging Contaminants June 11 2009 DUSD (IampE) is Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Installation and Environment2EPA Federal Facilities Restoration and Reuse Officehttpwwwepagovfedfacdocumentsemerging_contaminantshtmadditional_ec
3 httptoxicsusgsgovregionalemc
EC News
Phase IAssessment
Phase IIAssessment
DoD Scan Watch Action Process
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 20175
Department of Defense Emerging Contaminants
EPA Office of Water Contaminants of Emerging Concern
Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs)
PBDEs
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Persistent Bioaccumulative
Toxic
Use and Contamination is
Widespread
Regulatory and Legal Actions
Rising
Risk Review Management Mitigation
6 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)
Unregulated Contaminant
Monitoring Rule(UCMR)
Center for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC)
National Health and Nutrition
Examination Survey (NHANES)
State Biomonitoring Cooperative Agreement
Seven States with Specific Risk Management Programs Addressing Emerging Contaminants
WA AZ MN NY ME VT
Federal and State EC Programs
7 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
What are PFAS
8
Fluorinated Substances
Perfluoroalkylsubstance
(formerly PFCs)Polyfluoroalkyl
substance
ie FTOH
ie82 FTOH
Note This is a simplified representation of fluorinated substance sub-classes and in no way represents the entire fluorinated substances class
3 RC Buck et al Guide to PFASs in the Environment- Integr Environ Assess Manag 7 2011
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
PFSA
ie PFOSie PFOA
PFCA
UsesSources
Oil and Gas Extraction Electroplating(mist suppressants)
Manufacturing Processes Intermediates By-products
Consumer ProductsSemiconductor
Industry
Aqueous film forming foams
9 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
10
Case Study
Regulatory Landscape
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Facility Management
US Water Criteria
11
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
USEPA 007 007 1
04 04 2
Alaska (AK) 040 040 2
Connecticut (CT) 007 007 2
Delaware (DE) 007 007 2
Iowa (IA) 007 007 2
Maine (ME) 007 007 1
013 056 2
005 12 3
Michigan (MI) 042 0011 4
007 007 2
Minnesota (MN) 0035 0027 2
Nevada (NV) 1
New Hampshire (NH) 007 007 2
New Jersey (NJ) 0014 1
North Carolina (NC) 2 2
Oregon (OR) 24 300 4
Texas (TX) 029 056 2
Vermont (VT) 002 002 12
US EPA
US by State
NOTES
1= drinking water2= groundwater3= recreational water4= surface water
= Promulgated rule (AK IA MI NH NC OR TX VT) = Promulgation anticipated proposed or recommended (MN NJ)= Calculated using the EPA RSL calculator
OTHER NOTABLES
bull 70 of the states adopted criteria within the last 2 yrsbull Several states have adopted criteria for other PFAS
bull CT DE MN NV NJ OR and TXbull CERCLA 5-Year reviews serving as Site ldquoRe-Openersrdquobull Administrative Orders from EPA despite promulgated
rulebull States have adopted Emergency Rules bull Site Clean-Up Goals vary broadly
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
International Water Criteria
12
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
Australia health-based 056 007 1health-based 56 07 2
Canada screening value 02 06 1Denmark screening value 01 01 1Germany health-based 03 03 1
administrative 01 01 1Italy health-based 05 1
screening value 01 3Netherlands health-based 053 1
4 McGuire M E et al (2014) Evidence of remediation-induced alteration of subsurface poly- and perfluoroalkyl substance distribution at a former firefighter training area Environmental Science amp Technology 48(12) 6644-6652
20 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Wastewater and Managementbull Water treatment containment
reusedischargebull Biosolids management reuse
5 Xindi C Hu et al Detection of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in the US Drinking Water Linked to Industrial Sites Military Fire Training Areas and Wastewater Treatment Plants Environmental Science and Technology Letters (August 2016) 3 344-350 DOI 101021ascastlett6b00260
6 US Environmental Protection Agency FACT SHEET Perfluorochemical (PFC) Contaminationof Biosolids Near Decatur Alabama March 20117 httpwwwafcecafmilNewsArticle-DisplayArticle466187air-force-earth-day-2013-emphasis-on-water-conservation
Water reuse Source Construction (compaction dust suppression) Irrigation (grounds golf course)
21 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Stormwaterbull gt95 detection across samples collectedbull Non-point source contributionbull Management via
passive treatment collection and treatment retention
bull Currently being maintained on propertybull Staged until later datebull Liabilities minimized by storing on-sitebull Some disposal facilities refusing to accept
AFFF Foam- Best Management Practices Consider entire life cycle
bull Procurement bull Management of wastewater during testing
and flushingbull Disposal practices
22 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
The ldquotake-home messagesrdquohellip
1 Keep one eye open- the PFAS regulatory framework is evolving quickly
2 Science is not always driving decisions
3 Evaluate and manage liabilities proactively to avoid unintended consequences
PFAS Regulatory Status and Prognosis
PFAS Strategic Management Today
23 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Upcoming ConferencesAEHS Amherst MA- Oct 16-19SETAC Annual Conference Minneapolis MN- Nov 16-18Battelle Chlorinated Conference Palm Springs CA ndashApril 8-12
Industry PublicationsNGWA Groundwater and PFAS State of Knowledge and Practice- due out Fall 2017ITRC PFAS Fact Sheets- 6 in total before the end of 2017Podcast Understanding Emerging Contaminants and Regulatory Matters (httpsitunesapplecomuspodcastcivil-engineering-podcastid993416182mt=2) Woodard S et al 2017 Ion exchange resin for PFAS removal and pilot test comparison to GAC Remediation 2017 2719-27
Where to find us
24 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Questions
Thank youShalene Thomas MS PMPEmerging Contaminants Program ManagerWood dba Amec Foster Wheeler
Male Fathead Minnow Condition FactorMean BCF vs Treatment (Fathead Minnow)
Treatment
BLK GRM BCR FMP PBG USC SCR TWP MIX000
001
002
003
004
005
006Mean
2017
Upstream Downstream
Statistically different means indicated by differing letters
A
BBB
ABAB
ABABAB
Discussion
Varied water chemistry depicts a system with multiple inputs from both known (effluent) and unknown (runoff) sources
Alterations to FHM fecundity and body condition factor represent a complex river system with varying inputs
Sunfish indices (glucose HSI GSI) detail the importance of entire life-cycle exposure due to strong upstream to downstream trends (glucose) and individual site effects (HSI GSI)
Impacts
Potential improper re-direction of energy stores at a critical energy-intensive period of reproduction
Alterations to reproduction and reproductive indices could lead to population dynamic changes
Most pronounced effects observed on resident sunfish those which were exposed their entire life
Acknowledgements
Thanks to our collaboratorsSt Cloud State University ndash
Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory
Estrone and Temperature Interactions Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationships in Freshwater Fish
Estrone and Temperature Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationship in Freshwater Fish
Introduction
Hypothesis
Exposure Systems
Predator Avoidance response
Calcein Staining
Slide Number 8
Slide Number 9
Slide Number 10
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
Results Recap
Discussion
Significance
Acknowledgements
Questions
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastwateer Land Application Sites
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastewater Land Application Sites
Some Definitions
Problem amp Significance
Problem amp Significance
Objectives
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in shallow groundwater near 7 LSTSRIB facilities
Objective (a) - Methods
Facility Locations
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
Comparison to MN Ambient Groundwater
PrioritizationScreening Assessment
Prioritization Assessment - Surface Water
Screening Assessment ndash Human Health
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b) - Methods
Agricultural Field Results
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary
Acknowledgements
Questions
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
Outline
PFAS ndash General overview
What is an emerging contaminant
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Federal and State EC Programs
What are PFAS
UsesSources
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
The Impetus for Change
Slide Number 14
Slide Number 15
Slide Number 16
Slide Number 17
Slide Number 18
Slide Number 19
Slide Number 20
Slide Number 21
Slide Number 22
Slide Number 23
Slide Number 24
Slide Number 25
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnows (pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Maumee River
Maumee River
Study Objective
Slide Number 5
Slide Number 6
Slide Number 7
Slide Number 8
Water Chemistry
Water Chemistry
Fathead Minnow Fecundity
Larval Fathead Minnow
Sunfish Blood Glucose
Slide Number 14
Resident Sunfish Gonadosomatic Index
Slide Number 16
Male Fathead Minnow Condition Factor
Discussion
Impacts
Acknowledgements
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Storm Water Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Stormwater Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Funding by the Minnesota Environment and Natural Resources Trust Fund (Grant ML 2014 Chp 226 Sec 2 Subd 03d)
Jessica Ward and Heiko Schoenfuss experimental design and data analysis
Members of the SCSU aquatic toxicology laboratory
QUESTIONS
US Department of the InteriorUS Geological Survey
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastewater Land
Application SitesSarah M Elliott Melinda L Erickson
and Aliesha L KrallUS Geological SurveyByron A Adams
MN Pollution Control Agency
Some Definitions Land Application Site Types Large subsurface treatment systems
(LSTS) Small communities
Rapid infiltration basins (RIB) Municipalities Allow rapid infiltration of wastewaters into
soils amp groundwater
Micropollutants Contaminants of emerging concern
(pharmaceuticals personal care products etc)
Problem amp Significance Micropollutants detected in surface waters
upstream of point sources What are other important sources
Many micropollutants can move through septic treatment untreated Source to surface waters Contamination of downgradient drinking wells
Carrera et al 2008
Problem amp SignificanceIn Minnesota LSTS ~125 large (1MGY) 1000rsquos more mid-size amp
smaller systems RIB 30 large 20 other
LSTSRIBSurficial sand amp gravel
Objectives
Objective - Determine occurrence of micropollutants in
(a) shallow groundwater near 7 on-site treatment facilities (LSTSRIB)
(b) soil at one land application site irrigating with domestic septage
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in shallow groundwater
near 7 LSTSRIB facilities
Objective (a)
Objective (a) - Methods
5 LSTS and 2 RIB facilities One downgradient well per site Three sample events
Chemical analyses Physical water quality parameters Nutrients ndash MDH Ions ndash MDH Pharmaceuticals (109) ndash USGS NWQL Other wastewater indicators (67) ndash USGS NWQL Sterols amp hormones (20) ndash USGS NWQL Antibiotics amp Pharmaceuticals (33) ndash USGS KS OGRL
Facility Locations
Erickson et al (submitted)
LSTS
RIBStatic water level 2 - 40 ft
10 ndash 100 m
10 ndash 100 m
LSTSRIB Results
34 micropollutants detected at least once Pharmaceuticals (19) flame retardants pesticides
industrial chemicals Mixtures of 2 ndash 26 micropollutants in all samples Sulfamethoxazole was detected in ALL samples
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b)
Objective (b) - Methods1 agricultural field ndash irrigates with domestic septage
Soil 4 sample locations 1 sample event
Chemical analyses Other wastewater
indicators Sterols amp hormones Antibiotics amp
pharmaceuticals
Agricultural Field Results
32 micropollutants detected in soil Fragrances bisphenol A PAHs etc More hormones and sterols detected relative to
other analyzed chemicals Carbamazepine ciprofloxacin ofloxacin in all
samples Ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin in mgkg range
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary 34 micropollutants detected in groundwater
near LSTSRIB facilities mostly pharmaceuticals Some detectionsconcentrations of potential
concern to aquatic and human health Soils receiving wastewater may be a
repository for some organic contaminants More research on fate amp transport needs to
be conducted to better understand how these BMPs contribute to contaminant load to environment
Acknowledgements
Funding State of Minnesota Clean Water Fund USGS Cooperative Matching Fund
Daniel Morel and Brent Mason sampling Facility owners and operators
Questions
Sarah Elliottselliottusgsgov
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
18 October 2017
Shalene Thomas Amec Foster WheelerHannah Albertus-Benham Amec Foster Wheeler
Outline
1 Introduction and Background The Concern What are Emerging Contaminants Why are they different PFAS what are they and where are they used
2 The Response PFAS Case Study Regulatory Landscape and overview Case Study Summary Facility Management Considerations
3 Summary
2 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
PFAS ndash General overview
Federal and State Programs
What is the concern
Why are they different
What are Emerging Contaminants
3 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
What is an emerging contaminant
4
DoD and EPA definitions generally state
1 Presents potential unacceptable risk
2 Has no published standard3 New science detection or
exposure pathway available12 3
1DoD Instruction 471518 Emerging Contaminants June 11 2009 DUSD (IampE) is Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Installation and Environment2EPA Federal Facilities Restoration and Reuse Officehttpwwwepagovfedfacdocumentsemerging_contaminantshtmadditional_ec
3 httptoxicsusgsgovregionalemc
EC News
Phase IAssessment
Phase IIAssessment
DoD Scan Watch Action Process
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 20175
Department of Defense Emerging Contaminants
EPA Office of Water Contaminants of Emerging Concern
Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs)
PBDEs
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Persistent Bioaccumulative
Toxic
Use and Contamination is
Widespread
Regulatory and Legal Actions
Rising
Risk Review Management Mitigation
6 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)
Unregulated Contaminant
Monitoring Rule(UCMR)
Center for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC)
National Health and Nutrition
Examination Survey (NHANES)
State Biomonitoring Cooperative Agreement
Seven States with Specific Risk Management Programs Addressing Emerging Contaminants
WA AZ MN NY ME VT
Federal and State EC Programs
7 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
What are PFAS
8
Fluorinated Substances
Perfluoroalkylsubstance
(formerly PFCs)Polyfluoroalkyl
substance
ie FTOH
ie82 FTOH
Note This is a simplified representation of fluorinated substance sub-classes and in no way represents the entire fluorinated substances class
3 RC Buck et al Guide to PFASs in the Environment- Integr Environ Assess Manag 7 2011
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
PFSA
ie PFOSie PFOA
PFCA
UsesSources
Oil and Gas Extraction Electroplating(mist suppressants)
Manufacturing Processes Intermediates By-products
Consumer ProductsSemiconductor
Industry
Aqueous film forming foams
9 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
10
Case Study
Regulatory Landscape
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Facility Management
US Water Criteria
11
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
USEPA 007 007 1
04 04 2
Alaska (AK) 040 040 2
Connecticut (CT) 007 007 2
Delaware (DE) 007 007 2
Iowa (IA) 007 007 2
Maine (ME) 007 007 1
013 056 2
005 12 3
Michigan (MI) 042 0011 4
007 007 2
Minnesota (MN) 0035 0027 2
Nevada (NV) 1
New Hampshire (NH) 007 007 2
New Jersey (NJ) 0014 1
North Carolina (NC) 2 2
Oregon (OR) 24 300 4
Texas (TX) 029 056 2
Vermont (VT) 002 002 12
US EPA
US by State
NOTES
1= drinking water2= groundwater3= recreational water4= surface water
= Promulgated rule (AK IA MI NH NC OR TX VT) = Promulgation anticipated proposed or recommended (MN NJ)= Calculated using the EPA RSL calculator
OTHER NOTABLES
bull 70 of the states adopted criteria within the last 2 yrsbull Several states have adopted criteria for other PFAS
bull CT DE MN NV NJ OR and TXbull CERCLA 5-Year reviews serving as Site ldquoRe-Openersrdquobull Administrative Orders from EPA despite promulgated
rulebull States have adopted Emergency Rules bull Site Clean-Up Goals vary broadly
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
International Water Criteria
12
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
Australia health-based 056 007 1health-based 56 07 2
Canada screening value 02 06 1Denmark screening value 01 01 1Germany health-based 03 03 1
administrative 01 01 1Italy health-based 05 1
screening value 01 3Netherlands health-based 053 1
4 McGuire M E et al (2014) Evidence of remediation-induced alteration of subsurface poly- and perfluoroalkyl substance distribution at a former firefighter training area Environmental Science amp Technology 48(12) 6644-6652
20 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Wastewater and Managementbull Water treatment containment
reusedischargebull Biosolids management reuse
5 Xindi C Hu et al Detection of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in the US Drinking Water Linked to Industrial Sites Military Fire Training Areas and Wastewater Treatment Plants Environmental Science and Technology Letters (August 2016) 3 344-350 DOI 101021ascastlett6b00260
6 US Environmental Protection Agency FACT SHEET Perfluorochemical (PFC) Contaminationof Biosolids Near Decatur Alabama March 20117 httpwwwafcecafmilNewsArticle-DisplayArticle466187air-force-earth-day-2013-emphasis-on-water-conservation
Water reuse Source Construction (compaction dust suppression) Irrigation (grounds golf course)
21 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Stormwaterbull gt95 detection across samples collectedbull Non-point source contributionbull Management via
passive treatment collection and treatment retention
bull Currently being maintained on propertybull Staged until later datebull Liabilities minimized by storing on-sitebull Some disposal facilities refusing to accept
AFFF Foam- Best Management Practices Consider entire life cycle
bull Procurement bull Management of wastewater during testing
and flushingbull Disposal practices
22 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
The ldquotake-home messagesrdquohellip
1 Keep one eye open- the PFAS regulatory framework is evolving quickly
2 Science is not always driving decisions
3 Evaluate and manage liabilities proactively to avoid unintended consequences
PFAS Regulatory Status and Prognosis
PFAS Strategic Management Today
23 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Upcoming ConferencesAEHS Amherst MA- Oct 16-19SETAC Annual Conference Minneapolis MN- Nov 16-18Battelle Chlorinated Conference Palm Springs CA ndashApril 8-12
Industry PublicationsNGWA Groundwater and PFAS State of Knowledge and Practice- due out Fall 2017ITRC PFAS Fact Sheets- 6 in total before the end of 2017Podcast Understanding Emerging Contaminants and Regulatory Matters (httpsitunesapplecomuspodcastcivil-engineering-podcastid993416182mt=2) Woodard S et al 2017 Ion exchange resin for PFAS removal and pilot test comparison to GAC Remediation 2017 2719-27
Where to find us
24 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Questions
Thank youShalene Thomas MS PMPEmerging Contaminants Program ManagerWood dba Amec Foster Wheeler
Male Fathead Minnow Condition FactorMean BCF vs Treatment (Fathead Minnow)
Treatment
BLK GRM BCR FMP PBG USC SCR TWP MIX000
001
002
003
004
005
006Mean
2017
Upstream Downstream
Statistically different means indicated by differing letters
A
BBB
ABAB
ABABAB
Discussion
Varied water chemistry depicts a system with multiple inputs from both known (effluent) and unknown (runoff) sources
Alterations to FHM fecundity and body condition factor represent a complex river system with varying inputs
Sunfish indices (glucose HSI GSI) detail the importance of entire life-cycle exposure due to strong upstream to downstream trends (glucose) and individual site effects (HSI GSI)
Impacts
Potential improper re-direction of energy stores at a critical energy-intensive period of reproduction
Alterations to reproduction and reproductive indices could lead to population dynamic changes
Most pronounced effects observed on resident sunfish those which were exposed their entire life
Acknowledgements
Thanks to our collaboratorsSt Cloud State University ndash
Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory
Estrone and Temperature Interactions Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationships in Freshwater Fish
Estrone and Temperature Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationship in Freshwater Fish
Introduction
Hypothesis
Exposure Systems
Predator Avoidance response
Calcein Staining
Slide Number 8
Slide Number 9
Slide Number 10
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
Results Recap
Discussion
Significance
Acknowledgements
Questions
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastwateer Land Application Sites
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastewater Land Application Sites
Some Definitions
Problem amp Significance
Problem amp Significance
Objectives
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in shallow groundwater near 7 LSTSRIB facilities
Objective (a) - Methods
Facility Locations
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
Comparison to MN Ambient Groundwater
PrioritizationScreening Assessment
Prioritization Assessment - Surface Water
Screening Assessment ndash Human Health
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b) - Methods
Agricultural Field Results
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary
Acknowledgements
Questions
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
Outline
PFAS ndash General overview
What is an emerging contaminant
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Federal and State EC Programs
What are PFAS
UsesSources
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
The Impetus for Change
Slide Number 14
Slide Number 15
Slide Number 16
Slide Number 17
Slide Number 18
Slide Number 19
Slide Number 20
Slide Number 21
Slide Number 22
Slide Number 23
Slide Number 24
Slide Number 25
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnows (pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Maumee River
Maumee River
Study Objective
Slide Number 5
Slide Number 6
Slide Number 7
Slide Number 8
Water Chemistry
Water Chemistry
Fathead Minnow Fecundity
Larval Fathead Minnow
Sunfish Blood Glucose
Slide Number 14
Resident Sunfish Gonadosomatic Index
Slide Number 16
Male Fathead Minnow Condition Factor
Discussion
Impacts
Acknowledgements
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Storm Water Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Stormwater Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
QUESTIONS
US Department of the InteriorUS Geological Survey
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastewater Land
Application SitesSarah M Elliott Melinda L Erickson
and Aliesha L KrallUS Geological SurveyByron A Adams
MN Pollution Control Agency
Some Definitions Land Application Site Types Large subsurface treatment systems
(LSTS) Small communities
Rapid infiltration basins (RIB) Municipalities Allow rapid infiltration of wastewaters into
soils amp groundwater
Micropollutants Contaminants of emerging concern
(pharmaceuticals personal care products etc)
Problem amp Significance Micropollutants detected in surface waters
upstream of point sources What are other important sources
Many micropollutants can move through septic treatment untreated Source to surface waters Contamination of downgradient drinking wells
Carrera et al 2008
Problem amp SignificanceIn Minnesota LSTS ~125 large (1MGY) 1000rsquos more mid-size amp
smaller systems RIB 30 large 20 other
LSTSRIBSurficial sand amp gravel
Objectives
Objective - Determine occurrence of micropollutants in
(a) shallow groundwater near 7 on-site treatment facilities (LSTSRIB)
(b) soil at one land application site irrigating with domestic septage
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in shallow groundwater
near 7 LSTSRIB facilities
Objective (a)
Objective (a) - Methods
5 LSTS and 2 RIB facilities One downgradient well per site Three sample events
Chemical analyses Physical water quality parameters Nutrients ndash MDH Ions ndash MDH Pharmaceuticals (109) ndash USGS NWQL Other wastewater indicators (67) ndash USGS NWQL Sterols amp hormones (20) ndash USGS NWQL Antibiotics amp Pharmaceuticals (33) ndash USGS KS OGRL
Facility Locations
Erickson et al (submitted)
LSTS
RIBStatic water level 2 - 40 ft
10 ndash 100 m
10 ndash 100 m
LSTSRIB Results
34 micropollutants detected at least once Pharmaceuticals (19) flame retardants pesticides
industrial chemicals Mixtures of 2 ndash 26 micropollutants in all samples Sulfamethoxazole was detected in ALL samples
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b)
Objective (b) - Methods1 agricultural field ndash irrigates with domestic septage
Soil 4 sample locations 1 sample event
Chemical analyses Other wastewater
indicators Sterols amp hormones Antibiotics amp
pharmaceuticals
Agricultural Field Results
32 micropollutants detected in soil Fragrances bisphenol A PAHs etc More hormones and sterols detected relative to
other analyzed chemicals Carbamazepine ciprofloxacin ofloxacin in all
samples Ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin in mgkg range
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary 34 micropollutants detected in groundwater
near LSTSRIB facilities mostly pharmaceuticals Some detectionsconcentrations of potential
concern to aquatic and human health Soils receiving wastewater may be a
repository for some organic contaminants More research on fate amp transport needs to
be conducted to better understand how these BMPs contribute to contaminant load to environment
Acknowledgements
Funding State of Minnesota Clean Water Fund USGS Cooperative Matching Fund
Daniel Morel and Brent Mason sampling Facility owners and operators
Questions
Sarah Elliottselliottusgsgov
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
18 October 2017
Shalene Thomas Amec Foster WheelerHannah Albertus-Benham Amec Foster Wheeler
Outline
1 Introduction and Background The Concern What are Emerging Contaminants Why are they different PFAS what are they and where are they used
2 The Response PFAS Case Study Regulatory Landscape and overview Case Study Summary Facility Management Considerations
3 Summary
2 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
PFAS ndash General overview
Federal and State Programs
What is the concern
Why are they different
What are Emerging Contaminants
3 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
What is an emerging contaminant
4
DoD and EPA definitions generally state
1 Presents potential unacceptable risk
2 Has no published standard3 New science detection or
exposure pathway available12 3
1DoD Instruction 471518 Emerging Contaminants June 11 2009 DUSD (IampE) is Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Installation and Environment2EPA Federal Facilities Restoration and Reuse Officehttpwwwepagovfedfacdocumentsemerging_contaminantshtmadditional_ec
3 httptoxicsusgsgovregionalemc
EC News
Phase IAssessment
Phase IIAssessment
DoD Scan Watch Action Process
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 20175
Department of Defense Emerging Contaminants
EPA Office of Water Contaminants of Emerging Concern
Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs)
PBDEs
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Persistent Bioaccumulative
Toxic
Use and Contamination is
Widespread
Regulatory and Legal Actions
Rising
Risk Review Management Mitigation
6 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)
Unregulated Contaminant
Monitoring Rule(UCMR)
Center for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC)
National Health and Nutrition
Examination Survey (NHANES)
State Biomonitoring Cooperative Agreement
Seven States with Specific Risk Management Programs Addressing Emerging Contaminants
WA AZ MN NY ME VT
Federal and State EC Programs
7 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
What are PFAS
8
Fluorinated Substances
Perfluoroalkylsubstance
(formerly PFCs)Polyfluoroalkyl
substance
ie FTOH
ie82 FTOH
Note This is a simplified representation of fluorinated substance sub-classes and in no way represents the entire fluorinated substances class
3 RC Buck et al Guide to PFASs in the Environment- Integr Environ Assess Manag 7 2011
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
PFSA
ie PFOSie PFOA
PFCA
UsesSources
Oil and Gas Extraction Electroplating(mist suppressants)
Manufacturing Processes Intermediates By-products
Consumer ProductsSemiconductor
Industry
Aqueous film forming foams
9 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
10
Case Study
Regulatory Landscape
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Facility Management
US Water Criteria
11
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
USEPA 007 007 1
04 04 2
Alaska (AK) 040 040 2
Connecticut (CT) 007 007 2
Delaware (DE) 007 007 2
Iowa (IA) 007 007 2
Maine (ME) 007 007 1
013 056 2
005 12 3
Michigan (MI) 042 0011 4
007 007 2
Minnesota (MN) 0035 0027 2
Nevada (NV) 1
New Hampshire (NH) 007 007 2
New Jersey (NJ) 0014 1
North Carolina (NC) 2 2
Oregon (OR) 24 300 4
Texas (TX) 029 056 2
Vermont (VT) 002 002 12
US EPA
US by State
NOTES
1= drinking water2= groundwater3= recreational water4= surface water
= Promulgated rule (AK IA MI NH NC OR TX VT) = Promulgation anticipated proposed or recommended (MN NJ)= Calculated using the EPA RSL calculator
OTHER NOTABLES
bull 70 of the states adopted criteria within the last 2 yrsbull Several states have adopted criteria for other PFAS
bull CT DE MN NV NJ OR and TXbull CERCLA 5-Year reviews serving as Site ldquoRe-Openersrdquobull Administrative Orders from EPA despite promulgated
rulebull States have adopted Emergency Rules bull Site Clean-Up Goals vary broadly
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
International Water Criteria
12
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
Australia health-based 056 007 1health-based 56 07 2
Canada screening value 02 06 1Denmark screening value 01 01 1Germany health-based 03 03 1
administrative 01 01 1Italy health-based 05 1
screening value 01 3Netherlands health-based 053 1
4 McGuire M E et al (2014) Evidence of remediation-induced alteration of subsurface poly- and perfluoroalkyl substance distribution at a former firefighter training area Environmental Science amp Technology 48(12) 6644-6652
20 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Wastewater and Managementbull Water treatment containment
reusedischargebull Biosolids management reuse
5 Xindi C Hu et al Detection of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in the US Drinking Water Linked to Industrial Sites Military Fire Training Areas and Wastewater Treatment Plants Environmental Science and Technology Letters (August 2016) 3 344-350 DOI 101021ascastlett6b00260
6 US Environmental Protection Agency FACT SHEET Perfluorochemical (PFC) Contaminationof Biosolids Near Decatur Alabama March 20117 httpwwwafcecafmilNewsArticle-DisplayArticle466187air-force-earth-day-2013-emphasis-on-water-conservation
Water reuse Source Construction (compaction dust suppression) Irrigation (grounds golf course)
21 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Stormwaterbull gt95 detection across samples collectedbull Non-point source contributionbull Management via
passive treatment collection and treatment retention
bull Currently being maintained on propertybull Staged until later datebull Liabilities minimized by storing on-sitebull Some disposal facilities refusing to accept
AFFF Foam- Best Management Practices Consider entire life cycle
bull Procurement bull Management of wastewater during testing
and flushingbull Disposal practices
22 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
The ldquotake-home messagesrdquohellip
1 Keep one eye open- the PFAS regulatory framework is evolving quickly
2 Science is not always driving decisions
3 Evaluate and manage liabilities proactively to avoid unintended consequences
PFAS Regulatory Status and Prognosis
PFAS Strategic Management Today
23 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Upcoming ConferencesAEHS Amherst MA- Oct 16-19SETAC Annual Conference Minneapolis MN- Nov 16-18Battelle Chlorinated Conference Palm Springs CA ndashApril 8-12
Industry PublicationsNGWA Groundwater and PFAS State of Knowledge and Practice- due out Fall 2017ITRC PFAS Fact Sheets- 6 in total before the end of 2017Podcast Understanding Emerging Contaminants and Regulatory Matters (httpsitunesapplecomuspodcastcivil-engineering-podcastid993416182mt=2) Woodard S et al 2017 Ion exchange resin for PFAS removal and pilot test comparison to GAC Remediation 2017 2719-27
Where to find us
24 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Questions
Thank youShalene Thomas MS PMPEmerging Contaminants Program ManagerWood dba Amec Foster Wheeler
Male Fathead Minnow Condition FactorMean BCF vs Treatment (Fathead Minnow)
Treatment
BLK GRM BCR FMP PBG USC SCR TWP MIX000
001
002
003
004
005
006Mean
2017
Upstream Downstream
Statistically different means indicated by differing letters
A
BBB
ABAB
ABABAB
Discussion
Varied water chemistry depicts a system with multiple inputs from both known (effluent) and unknown (runoff) sources
Alterations to FHM fecundity and body condition factor represent a complex river system with varying inputs
Sunfish indices (glucose HSI GSI) detail the importance of entire life-cycle exposure due to strong upstream to downstream trends (glucose) and individual site effects (HSI GSI)
Impacts
Potential improper re-direction of energy stores at a critical energy-intensive period of reproduction
Alterations to reproduction and reproductive indices could lead to population dynamic changes
Most pronounced effects observed on resident sunfish those which were exposed their entire life
Acknowledgements
Thanks to our collaboratorsSt Cloud State University ndash
Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory
Estrone and Temperature Interactions Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationships in Freshwater Fish
Estrone and Temperature Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationship in Freshwater Fish
Introduction
Hypothesis
Exposure Systems
Predator Avoidance response
Calcein Staining
Slide Number 8
Slide Number 9
Slide Number 10
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
Results Recap
Discussion
Significance
Acknowledgements
Questions
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastwateer Land Application Sites
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastewater Land Application Sites
Some Definitions
Problem amp Significance
Problem amp Significance
Objectives
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in shallow groundwater near 7 LSTSRIB facilities
Objective (a) - Methods
Facility Locations
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
Comparison to MN Ambient Groundwater
PrioritizationScreening Assessment
Prioritization Assessment - Surface Water
Screening Assessment ndash Human Health
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b) - Methods
Agricultural Field Results
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary
Acknowledgements
Questions
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
Outline
PFAS ndash General overview
What is an emerging contaminant
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Federal and State EC Programs
What are PFAS
UsesSources
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
The Impetus for Change
Slide Number 14
Slide Number 15
Slide Number 16
Slide Number 17
Slide Number 18
Slide Number 19
Slide Number 20
Slide Number 21
Slide Number 22
Slide Number 23
Slide Number 24
Slide Number 25
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnows (pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Maumee River
Maumee River
Study Objective
Slide Number 5
Slide Number 6
Slide Number 7
Slide Number 8
Water Chemistry
Water Chemistry
Fathead Minnow Fecundity
Larval Fathead Minnow
Sunfish Blood Glucose
Slide Number 14
Resident Sunfish Gonadosomatic Index
Slide Number 16
Male Fathead Minnow Condition Factor
Discussion
Impacts
Acknowledgements
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Storm Water Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Stormwater Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
US Department of the InteriorUS Geological Survey
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastewater Land
Application SitesSarah M Elliott Melinda L Erickson
and Aliesha L KrallUS Geological SurveyByron A Adams
MN Pollution Control Agency
Some Definitions Land Application Site Types Large subsurface treatment systems
(LSTS) Small communities
Rapid infiltration basins (RIB) Municipalities Allow rapid infiltration of wastewaters into
soils amp groundwater
Micropollutants Contaminants of emerging concern
(pharmaceuticals personal care products etc)
Problem amp Significance Micropollutants detected in surface waters
upstream of point sources What are other important sources
Many micropollutants can move through septic treatment untreated Source to surface waters Contamination of downgradient drinking wells
Carrera et al 2008
Problem amp SignificanceIn Minnesota LSTS ~125 large (1MGY) 1000rsquos more mid-size amp
smaller systems RIB 30 large 20 other
LSTSRIBSurficial sand amp gravel
Objectives
Objective - Determine occurrence of micropollutants in
(a) shallow groundwater near 7 on-site treatment facilities (LSTSRIB)
(b) soil at one land application site irrigating with domestic septage
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in shallow groundwater
near 7 LSTSRIB facilities
Objective (a)
Objective (a) - Methods
5 LSTS and 2 RIB facilities One downgradient well per site Three sample events
Chemical analyses Physical water quality parameters Nutrients ndash MDH Ions ndash MDH Pharmaceuticals (109) ndash USGS NWQL Other wastewater indicators (67) ndash USGS NWQL Sterols amp hormones (20) ndash USGS NWQL Antibiotics amp Pharmaceuticals (33) ndash USGS KS OGRL
Facility Locations
Erickson et al (submitted)
LSTS
RIBStatic water level 2 - 40 ft
10 ndash 100 m
10 ndash 100 m
LSTSRIB Results
34 micropollutants detected at least once Pharmaceuticals (19) flame retardants pesticides
industrial chemicals Mixtures of 2 ndash 26 micropollutants in all samples Sulfamethoxazole was detected in ALL samples
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b)
Objective (b) - Methods1 agricultural field ndash irrigates with domestic septage
Soil 4 sample locations 1 sample event
Chemical analyses Other wastewater
indicators Sterols amp hormones Antibiotics amp
pharmaceuticals
Agricultural Field Results
32 micropollutants detected in soil Fragrances bisphenol A PAHs etc More hormones and sterols detected relative to
other analyzed chemicals Carbamazepine ciprofloxacin ofloxacin in all
samples Ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin in mgkg range
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary 34 micropollutants detected in groundwater
near LSTSRIB facilities mostly pharmaceuticals Some detectionsconcentrations of potential
concern to aquatic and human health Soils receiving wastewater may be a
repository for some organic contaminants More research on fate amp transport needs to
be conducted to better understand how these BMPs contribute to contaminant load to environment
Acknowledgements
Funding State of Minnesota Clean Water Fund USGS Cooperative Matching Fund
Daniel Morel and Brent Mason sampling Facility owners and operators
Questions
Sarah Elliottselliottusgsgov
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
18 October 2017
Shalene Thomas Amec Foster WheelerHannah Albertus-Benham Amec Foster Wheeler
Outline
1 Introduction and Background The Concern What are Emerging Contaminants Why are they different PFAS what are they and where are they used
2 The Response PFAS Case Study Regulatory Landscape and overview Case Study Summary Facility Management Considerations
3 Summary
2 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
PFAS ndash General overview
Federal and State Programs
What is the concern
Why are they different
What are Emerging Contaminants
3 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
What is an emerging contaminant
4
DoD and EPA definitions generally state
1 Presents potential unacceptable risk
2 Has no published standard3 New science detection or
exposure pathway available12 3
1DoD Instruction 471518 Emerging Contaminants June 11 2009 DUSD (IampE) is Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Installation and Environment2EPA Federal Facilities Restoration and Reuse Officehttpwwwepagovfedfacdocumentsemerging_contaminantshtmadditional_ec
3 httptoxicsusgsgovregionalemc
EC News
Phase IAssessment
Phase IIAssessment
DoD Scan Watch Action Process
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 20175
Department of Defense Emerging Contaminants
EPA Office of Water Contaminants of Emerging Concern
Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs)
PBDEs
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Persistent Bioaccumulative
Toxic
Use and Contamination is
Widespread
Regulatory and Legal Actions
Rising
Risk Review Management Mitigation
6 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)
Unregulated Contaminant
Monitoring Rule(UCMR)
Center for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC)
National Health and Nutrition
Examination Survey (NHANES)
State Biomonitoring Cooperative Agreement
Seven States with Specific Risk Management Programs Addressing Emerging Contaminants
WA AZ MN NY ME VT
Federal and State EC Programs
7 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
What are PFAS
8
Fluorinated Substances
Perfluoroalkylsubstance
(formerly PFCs)Polyfluoroalkyl
substance
ie FTOH
ie82 FTOH
Note This is a simplified representation of fluorinated substance sub-classes and in no way represents the entire fluorinated substances class
3 RC Buck et al Guide to PFASs in the Environment- Integr Environ Assess Manag 7 2011
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
PFSA
ie PFOSie PFOA
PFCA
UsesSources
Oil and Gas Extraction Electroplating(mist suppressants)
Manufacturing Processes Intermediates By-products
Consumer ProductsSemiconductor
Industry
Aqueous film forming foams
9 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
10
Case Study
Regulatory Landscape
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Facility Management
US Water Criteria
11
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
USEPA 007 007 1
04 04 2
Alaska (AK) 040 040 2
Connecticut (CT) 007 007 2
Delaware (DE) 007 007 2
Iowa (IA) 007 007 2
Maine (ME) 007 007 1
013 056 2
005 12 3
Michigan (MI) 042 0011 4
007 007 2
Minnesota (MN) 0035 0027 2
Nevada (NV) 1
New Hampshire (NH) 007 007 2
New Jersey (NJ) 0014 1
North Carolina (NC) 2 2
Oregon (OR) 24 300 4
Texas (TX) 029 056 2
Vermont (VT) 002 002 12
US EPA
US by State
NOTES
1= drinking water2= groundwater3= recreational water4= surface water
= Promulgated rule (AK IA MI NH NC OR TX VT) = Promulgation anticipated proposed or recommended (MN NJ)= Calculated using the EPA RSL calculator
OTHER NOTABLES
bull 70 of the states adopted criteria within the last 2 yrsbull Several states have adopted criteria for other PFAS
bull CT DE MN NV NJ OR and TXbull CERCLA 5-Year reviews serving as Site ldquoRe-Openersrdquobull Administrative Orders from EPA despite promulgated
rulebull States have adopted Emergency Rules bull Site Clean-Up Goals vary broadly
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
International Water Criteria
12
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
Australia health-based 056 007 1health-based 56 07 2
Canada screening value 02 06 1Denmark screening value 01 01 1Germany health-based 03 03 1
administrative 01 01 1Italy health-based 05 1
screening value 01 3Netherlands health-based 053 1
4 McGuire M E et al (2014) Evidence of remediation-induced alteration of subsurface poly- and perfluoroalkyl substance distribution at a former firefighter training area Environmental Science amp Technology 48(12) 6644-6652
20 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Wastewater and Managementbull Water treatment containment
reusedischargebull Biosolids management reuse
5 Xindi C Hu et al Detection of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in the US Drinking Water Linked to Industrial Sites Military Fire Training Areas and Wastewater Treatment Plants Environmental Science and Technology Letters (August 2016) 3 344-350 DOI 101021ascastlett6b00260
6 US Environmental Protection Agency FACT SHEET Perfluorochemical (PFC) Contaminationof Biosolids Near Decatur Alabama March 20117 httpwwwafcecafmilNewsArticle-DisplayArticle466187air-force-earth-day-2013-emphasis-on-water-conservation
Water reuse Source Construction (compaction dust suppression) Irrigation (grounds golf course)
21 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Stormwaterbull gt95 detection across samples collectedbull Non-point source contributionbull Management via
passive treatment collection and treatment retention
bull Currently being maintained on propertybull Staged until later datebull Liabilities minimized by storing on-sitebull Some disposal facilities refusing to accept
AFFF Foam- Best Management Practices Consider entire life cycle
bull Procurement bull Management of wastewater during testing
and flushingbull Disposal practices
22 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
The ldquotake-home messagesrdquohellip
1 Keep one eye open- the PFAS regulatory framework is evolving quickly
2 Science is not always driving decisions
3 Evaluate and manage liabilities proactively to avoid unintended consequences
PFAS Regulatory Status and Prognosis
PFAS Strategic Management Today
23 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Upcoming ConferencesAEHS Amherst MA- Oct 16-19SETAC Annual Conference Minneapolis MN- Nov 16-18Battelle Chlorinated Conference Palm Springs CA ndashApril 8-12
Industry PublicationsNGWA Groundwater and PFAS State of Knowledge and Practice- due out Fall 2017ITRC PFAS Fact Sheets- 6 in total before the end of 2017Podcast Understanding Emerging Contaminants and Regulatory Matters (httpsitunesapplecomuspodcastcivil-engineering-podcastid993416182mt=2) Woodard S et al 2017 Ion exchange resin for PFAS removal and pilot test comparison to GAC Remediation 2017 2719-27
Where to find us
24 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Questions
Thank youShalene Thomas MS PMPEmerging Contaminants Program ManagerWood dba Amec Foster Wheeler
Male Fathead Minnow Condition FactorMean BCF vs Treatment (Fathead Minnow)
Treatment
BLK GRM BCR FMP PBG USC SCR TWP MIX000
001
002
003
004
005
006Mean
2017
Upstream Downstream
Statistically different means indicated by differing letters
A
BBB
ABAB
ABABAB
Discussion
Varied water chemistry depicts a system with multiple inputs from both known (effluent) and unknown (runoff) sources
Alterations to FHM fecundity and body condition factor represent a complex river system with varying inputs
Sunfish indices (glucose HSI GSI) detail the importance of entire life-cycle exposure due to strong upstream to downstream trends (glucose) and individual site effects (HSI GSI)
Impacts
Potential improper re-direction of energy stores at a critical energy-intensive period of reproduction
Alterations to reproduction and reproductive indices could lead to population dynamic changes
Most pronounced effects observed on resident sunfish those which were exposed their entire life
Acknowledgements
Thanks to our collaboratorsSt Cloud State University ndash
Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory
Estrone and Temperature Interactions Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationships in Freshwater Fish
Estrone and Temperature Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationship in Freshwater Fish
Introduction
Hypothesis
Exposure Systems
Predator Avoidance response
Calcein Staining
Slide Number 8
Slide Number 9
Slide Number 10
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
Results Recap
Discussion
Significance
Acknowledgements
Questions
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastwateer Land Application Sites
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastewater Land Application Sites
Some Definitions
Problem amp Significance
Problem amp Significance
Objectives
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in shallow groundwater near 7 LSTSRIB facilities
Objective (a) - Methods
Facility Locations
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
Comparison to MN Ambient Groundwater
PrioritizationScreening Assessment
Prioritization Assessment - Surface Water
Screening Assessment ndash Human Health
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b) - Methods
Agricultural Field Results
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary
Acknowledgements
Questions
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
Outline
PFAS ndash General overview
What is an emerging contaminant
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Federal and State EC Programs
What are PFAS
UsesSources
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
The Impetus for Change
Slide Number 14
Slide Number 15
Slide Number 16
Slide Number 17
Slide Number 18
Slide Number 19
Slide Number 20
Slide Number 21
Slide Number 22
Slide Number 23
Slide Number 24
Slide Number 25
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnows (pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Maumee River
Maumee River
Study Objective
Slide Number 5
Slide Number 6
Slide Number 7
Slide Number 8
Water Chemistry
Water Chemistry
Fathead Minnow Fecundity
Larval Fathead Minnow
Sunfish Blood Glucose
Slide Number 14
Resident Sunfish Gonadosomatic Index
Slide Number 16
Male Fathead Minnow Condition Factor
Discussion
Impacts
Acknowledgements
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Storm Water Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Stormwater Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
Some Definitions Land Application Site Types Large subsurface treatment systems
(LSTS) Small communities
Rapid infiltration basins (RIB) Municipalities Allow rapid infiltration of wastewaters into
soils amp groundwater
Micropollutants Contaminants of emerging concern
(pharmaceuticals personal care products etc)
Problem amp Significance Micropollutants detected in surface waters
upstream of point sources What are other important sources
Many micropollutants can move through septic treatment untreated Source to surface waters Contamination of downgradient drinking wells
Carrera et al 2008
Problem amp SignificanceIn Minnesota LSTS ~125 large (1MGY) 1000rsquos more mid-size amp
smaller systems RIB 30 large 20 other
LSTSRIBSurficial sand amp gravel
Objectives
Objective - Determine occurrence of micropollutants in
(a) shallow groundwater near 7 on-site treatment facilities (LSTSRIB)
(b) soil at one land application site irrigating with domestic septage
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in shallow groundwater
near 7 LSTSRIB facilities
Objective (a)
Objective (a) - Methods
5 LSTS and 2 RIB facilities One downgradient well per site Three sample events
Chemical analyses Physical water quality parameters Nutrients ndash MDH Ions ndash MDH Pharmaceuticals (109) ndash USGS NWQL Other wastewater indicators (67) ndash USGS NWQL Sterols amp hormones (20) ndash USGS NWQL Antibiotics amp Pharmaceuticals (33) ndash USGS KS OGRL
Facility Locations
Erickson et al (submitted)
LSTS
RIBStatic water level 2 - 40 ft
10 ndash 100 m
10 ndash 100 m
LSTSRIB Results
34 micropollutants detected at least once Pharmaceuticals (19) flame retardants pesticides
industrial chemicals Mixtures of 2 ndash 26 micropollutants in all samples Sulfamethoxazole was detected in ALL samples
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b)
Objective (b) - Methods1 agricultural field ndash irrigates with domestic septage
Soil 4 sample locations 1 sample event
Chemical analyses Other wastewater
indicators Sterols amp hormones Antibiotics amp
pharmaceuticals
Agricultural Field Results
32 micropollutants detected in soil Fragrances bisphenol A PAHs etc More hormones and sterols detected relative to
other analyzed chemicals Carbamazepine ciprofloxacin ofloxacin in all
samples Ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin in mgkg range
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary 34 micropollutants detected in groundwater
near LSTSRIB facilities mostly pharmaceuticals Some detectionsconcentrations of potential
concern to aquatic and human health Soils receiving wastewater may be a
repository for some organic contaminants More research on fate amp transport needs to
be conducted to better understand how these BMPs contribute to contaminant load to environment
Acknowledgements
Funding State of Minnesota Clean Water Fund USGS Cooperative Matching Fund
Daniel Morel and Brent Mason sampling Facility owners and operators
Questions
Sarah Elliottselliottusgsgov
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
18 October 2017
Shalene Thomas Amec Foster WheelerHannah Albertus-Benham Amec Foster Wheeler
Outline
1 Introduction and Background The Concern What are Emerging Contaminants Why are they different PFAS what are they and where are they used
2 The Response PFAS Case Study Regulatory Landscape and overview Case Study Summary Facility Management Considerations
3 Summary
2 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
PFAS ndash General overview
Federal and State Programs
What is the concern
Why are they different
What are Emerging Contaminants
3 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
What is an emerging contaminant
4
DoD and EPA definitions generally state
1 Presents potential unacceptable risk
2 Has no published standard3 New science detection or
exposure pathway available12 3
1DoD Instruction 471518 Emerging Contaminants June 11 2009 DUSD (IampE) is Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Installation and Environment2EPA Federal Facilities Restoration and Reuse Officehttpwwwepagovfedfacdocumentsemerging_contaminantshtmadditional_ec
3 httptoxicsusgsgovregionalemc
EC News
Phase IAssessment
Phase IIAssessment
DoD Scan Watch Action Process
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 20175
Department of Defense Emerging Contaminants
EPA Office of Water Contaminants of Emerging Concern
Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs)
PBDEs
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Persistent Bioaccumulative
Toxic
Use and Contamination is
Widespread
Regulatory and Legal Actions
Rising
Risk Review Management Mitigation
6 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)
Unregulated Contaminant
Monitoring Rule(UCMR)
Center for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC)
National Health and Nutrition
Examination Survey (NHANES)
State Biomonitoring Cooperative Agreement
Seven States with Specific Risk Management Programs Addressing Emerging Contaminants
WA AZ MN NY ME VT
Federal and State EC Programs
7 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
What are PFAS
8
Fluorinated Substances
Perfluoroalkylsubstance
(formerly PFCs)Polyfluoroalkyl
substance
ie FTOH
ie82 FTOH
Note This is a simplified representation of fluorinated substance sub-classes and in no way represents the entire fluorinated substances class
3 RC Buck et al Guide to PFASs in the Environment- Integr Environ Assess Manag 7 2011
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
PFSA
ie PFOSie PFOA
PFCA
UsesSources
Oil and Gas Extraction Electroplating(mist suppressants)
Manufacturing Processes Intermediates By-products
Consumer ProductsSemiconductor
Industry
Aqueous film forming foams
9 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
10
Case Study
Regulatory Landscape
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Facility Management
US Water Criteria
11
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
USEPA 007 007 1
04 04 2
Alaska (AK) 040 040 2
Connecticut (CT) 007 007 2
Delaware (DE) 007 007 2
Iowa (IA) 007 007 2
Maine (ME) 007 007 1
013 056 2
005 12 3
Michigan (MI) 042 0011 4
007 007 2
Minnesota (MN) 0035 0027 2
Nevada (NV) 1
New Hampshire (NH) 007 007 2
New Jersey (NJ) 0014 1
North Carolina (NC) 2 2
Oregon (OR) 24 300 4
Texas (TX) 029 056 2
Vermont (VT) 002 002 12
US EPA
US by State
NOTES
1= drinking water2= groundwater3= recreational water4= surface water
= Promulgated rule (AK IA MI NH NC OR TX VT) = Promulgation anticipated proposed or recommended (MN NJ)= Calculated using the EPA RSL calculator
OTHER NOTABLES
bull 70 of the states adopted criteria within the last 2 yrsbull Several states have adopted criteria for other PFAS
bull CT DE MN NV NJ OR and TXbull CERCLA 5-Year reviews serving as Site ldquoRe-Openersrdquobull Administrative Orders from EPA despite promulgated
rulebull States have adopted Emergency Rules bull Site Clean-Up Goals vary broadly
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
International Water Criteria
12
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
Australia health-based 056 007 1health-based 56 07 2
Canada screening value 02 06 1Denmark screening value 01 01 1Germany health-based 03 03 1
administrative 01 01 1Italy health-based 05 1
screening value 01 3Netherlands health-based 053 1
4 McGuire M E et al (2014) Evidence of remediation-induced alteration of subsurface poly- and perfluoroalkyl substance distribution at a former firefighter training area Environmental Science amp Technology 48(12) 6644-6652
20 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Wastewater and Managementbull Water treatment containment
reusedischargebull Biosolids management reuse
5 Xindi C Hu et al Detection of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in the US Drinking Water Linked to Industrial Sites Military Fire Training Areas and Wastewater Treatment Plants Environmental Science and Technology Letters (August 2016) 3 344-350 DOI 101021ascastlett6b00260
6 US Environmental Protection Agency FACT SHEET Perfluorochemical (PFC) Contaminationof Biosolids Near Decatur Alabama March 20117 httpwwwafcecafmilNewsArticle-DisplayArticle466187air-force-earth-day-2013-emphasis-on-water-conservation
Water reuse Source Construction (compaction dust suppression) Irrigation (grounds golf course)
21 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Stormwaterbull gt95 detection across samples collectedbull Non-point source contributionbull Management via
passive treatment collection and treatment retention
bull Currently being maintained on propertybull Staged until later datebull Liabilities minimized by storing on-sitebull Some disposal facilities refusing to accept
AFFF Foam- Best Management Practices Consider entire life cycle
bull Procurement bull Management of wastewater during testing
and flushingbull Disposal practices
22 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
The ldquotake-home messagesrdquohellip
1 Keep one eye open- the PFAS regulatory framework is evolving quickly
2 Science is not always driving decisions
3 Evaluate and manage liabilities proactively to avoid unintended consequences
PFAS Regulatory Status and Prognosis
PFAS Strategic Management Today
23 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Upcoming ConferencesAEHS Amherst MA- Oct 16-19SETAC Annual Conference Minneapolis MN- Nov 16-18Battelle Chlorinated Conference Palm Springs CA ndashApril 8-12
Industry PublicationsNGWA Groundwater and PFAS State of Knowledge and Practice- due out Fall 2017ITRC PFAS Fact Sheets- 6 in total before the end of 2017Podcast Understanding Emerging Contaminants and Regulatory Matters (httpsitunesapplecomuspodcastcivil-engineering-podcastid993416182mt=2) Woodard S et al 2017 Ion exchange resin for PFAS removal and pilot test comparison to GAC Remediation 2017 2719-27
Where to find us
24 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Questions
Thank youShalene Thomas MS PMPEmerging Contaminants Program ManagerWood dba Amec Foster Wheeler
Male Fathead Minnow Condition FactorMean BCF vs Treatment (Fathead Minnow)
Treatment
BLK GRM BCR FMP PBG USC SCR TWP MIX000
001
002
003
004
005
006Mean
2017
Upstream Downstream
Statistically different means indicated by differing letters
A
BBB
ABAB
ABABAB
Discussion
Varied water chemistry depicts a system with multiple inputs from both known (effluent) and unknown (runoff) sources
Alterations to FHM fecundity and body condition factor represent a complex river system with varying inputs
Sunfish indices (glucose HSI GSI) detail the importance of entire life-cycle exposure due to strong upstream to downstream trends (glucose) and individual site effects (HSI GSI)
Impacts
Potential improper re-direction of energy stores at a critical energy-intensive period of reproduction
Alterations to reproduction and reproductive indices could lead to population dynamic changes
Most pronounced effects observed on resident sunfish those which were exposed their entire life
Acknowledgements
Thanks to our collaboratorsSt Cloud State University ndash
Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory
Estrone and Temperature Interactions Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationships in Freshwater Fish
Estrone and Temperature Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationship in Freshwater Fish
Introduction
Hypothesis
Exposure Systems
Predator Avoidance response
Calcein Staining
Slide Number 8
Slide Number 9
Slide Number 10
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
Results Recap
Discussion
Significance
Acknowledgements
Questions
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastwateer Land Application Sites
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastewater Land Application Sites
Some Definitions
Problem amp Significance
Problem amp Significance
Objectives
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in shallow groundwater near 7 LSTSRIB facilities
Objective (a) - Methods
Facility Locations
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
Comparison to MN Ambient Groundwater
PrioritizationScreening Assessment
Prioritization Assessment - Surface Water
Screening Assessment ndash Human Health
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b) - Methods
Agricultural Field Results
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary
Acknowledgements
Questions
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
Outline
PFAS ndash General overview
What is an emerging contaminant
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Federal and State EC Programs
What are PFAS
UsesSources
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
The Impetus for Change
Slide Number 14
Slide Number 15
Slide Number 16
Slide Number 17
Slide Number 18
Slide Number 19
Slide Number 20
Slide Number 21
Slide Number 22
Slide Number 23
Slide Number 24
Slide Number 25
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnows (pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Maumee River
Maumee River
Study Objective
Slide Number 5
Slide Number 6
Slide Number 7
Slide Number 8
Water Chemistry
Water Chemistry
Fathead Minnow Fecundity
Larval Fathead Minnow
Sunfish Blood Glucose
Slide Number 14
Resident Sunfish Gonadosomatic Index
Slide Number 16
Male Fathead Minnow Condition Factor
Discussion
Impacts
Acknowledgements
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Storm Water Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Stormwater Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
Problem amp Significance Micropollutants detected in surface waters
upstream of point sources What are other important sources
Many micropollutants can move through septic treatment untreated Source to surface waters Contamination of downgradient drinking wells
Carrera et al 2008
Problem amp SignificanceIn Minnesota LSTS ~125 large (1MGY) 1000rsquos more mid-size amp
smaller systems RIB 30 large 20 other
LSTSRIBSurficial sand amp gravel
Objectives
Objective - Determine occurrence of micropollutants in
(a) shallow groundwater near 7 on-site treatment facilities (LSTSRIB)
(b) soil at one land application site irrigating with domestic septage
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in shallow groundwater
near 7 LSTSRIB facilities
Objective (a)
Objective (a) - Methods
5 LSTS and 2 RIB facilities One downgradient well per site Three sample events
Chemical analyses Physical water quality parameters Nutrients ndash MDH Ions ndash MDH Pharmaceuticals (109) ndash USGS NWQL Other wastewater indicators (67) ndash USGS NWQL Sterols amp hormones (20) ndash USGS NWQL Antibiotics amp Pharmaceuticals (33) ndash USGS KS OGRL
Facility Locations
Erickson et al (submitted)
LSTS
RIBStatic water level 2 - 40 ft
10 ndash 100 m
10 ndash 100 m
LSTSRIB Results
34 micropollutants detected at least once Pharmaceuticals (19) flame retardants pesticides
industrial chemicals Mixtures of 2 ndash 26 micropollutants in all samples Sulfamethoxazole was detected in ALL samples
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b)
Objective (b) - Methods1 agricultural field ndash irrigates with domestic septage
Soil 4 sample locations 1 sample event
Chemical analyses Other wastewater
indicators Sterols amp hormones Antibiotics amp
pharmaceuticals
Agricultural Field Results
32 micropollutants detected in soil Fragrances bisphenol A PAHs etc More hormones and sterols detected relative to
other analyzed chemicals Carbamazepine ciprofloxacin ofloxacin in all
samples Ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin in mgkg range
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary 34 micropollutants detected in groundwater
near LSTSRIB facilities mostly pharmaceuticals Some detectionsconcentrations of potential
concern to aquatic and human health Soils receiving wastewater may be a
repository for some organic contaminants More research on fate amp transport needs to
be conducted to better understand how these BMPs contribute to contaminant load to environment
Acknowledgements
Funding State of Minnesota Clean Water Fund USGS Cooperative Matching Fund
Daniel Morel and Brent Mason sampling Facility owners and operators
Questions
Sarah Elliottselliottusgsgov
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
18 October 2017
Shalene Thomas Amec Foster WheelerHannah Albertus-Benham Amec Foster Wheeler
Outline
1 Introduction and Background The Concern What are Emerging Contaminants Why are they different PFAS what are they and where are they used
2 The Response PFAS Case Study Regulatory Landscape and overview Case Study Summary Facility Management Considerations
3 Summary
2 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
PFAS ndash General overview
Federal and State Programs
What is the concern
Why are they different
What are Emerging Contaminants
3 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
What is an emerging contaminant
4
DoD and EPA definitions generally state
1 Presents potential unacceptable risk
2 Has no published standard3 New science detection or
exposure pathway available12 3
1DoD Instruction 471518 Emerging Contaminants June 11 2009 DUSD (IampE) is Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Installation and Environment2EPA Federal Facilities Restoration and Reuse Officehttpwwwepagovfedfacdocumentsemerging_contaminantshtmadditional_ec
3 httptoxicsusgsgovregionalemc
EC News
Phase IAssessment
Phase IIAssessment
DoD Scan Watch Action Process
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 20175
Department of Defense Emerging Contaminants
EPA Office of Water Contaminants of Emerging Concern
Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs)
PBDEs
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Persistent Bioaccumulative
Toxic
Use and Contamination is
Widespread
Regulatory and Legal Actions
Rising
Risk Review Management Mitigation
6 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)
Unregulated Contaminant
Monitoring Rule(UCMR)
Center for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC)
National Health and Nutrition
Examination Survey (NHANES)
State Biomonitoring Cooperative Agreement
Seven States with Specific Risk Management Programs Addressing Emerging Contaminants
WA AZ MN NY ME VT
Federal and State EC Programs
7 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
What are PFAS
8
Fluorinated Substances
Perfluoroalkylsubstance
(formerly PFCs)Polyfluoroalkyl
substance
ie FTOH
ie82 FTOH
Note This is a simplified representation of fluorinated substance sub-classes and in no way represents the entire fluorinated substances class
3 RC Buck et al Guide to PFASs in the Environment- Integr Environ Assess Manag 7 2011
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
PFSA
ie PFOSie PFOA
PFCA
UsesSources
Oil and Gas Extraction Electroplating(mist suppressants)
Manufacturing Processes Intermediates By-products
Consumer ProductsSemiconductor
Industry
Aqueous film forming foams
9 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
10
Case Study
Regulatory Landscape
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Facility Management
US Water Criteria
11
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
USEPA 007 007 1
04 04 2
Alaska (AK) 040 040 2
Connecticut (CT) 007 007 2
Delaware (DE) 007 007 2
Iowa (IA) 007 007 2
Maine (ME) 007 007 1
013 056 2
005 12 3
Michigan (MI) 042 0011 4
007 007 2
Minnesota (MN) 0035 0027 2
Nevada (NV) 1
New Hampshire (NH) 007 007 2
New Jersey (NJ) 0014 1
North Carolina (NC) 2 2
Oregon (OR) 24 300 4
Texas (TX) 029 056 2
Vermont (VT) 002 002 12
US EPA
US by State
NOTES
1= drinking water2= groundwater3= recreational water4= surface water
= Promulgated rule (AK IA MI NH NC OR TX VT) = Promulgation anticipated proposed or recommended (MN NJ)= Calculated using the EPA RSL calculator
OTHER NOTABLES
bull 70 of the states adopted criteria within the last 2 yrsbull Several states have adopted criteria for other PFAS
bull CT DE MN NV NJ OR and TXbull CERCLA 5-Year reviews serving as Site ldquoRe-Openersrdquobull Administrative Orders from EPA despite promulgated
rulebull States have adopted Emergency Rules bull Site Clean-Up Goals vary broadly
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
International Water Criteria
12
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
Australia health-based 056 007 1health-based 56 07 2
Canada screening value 02 06 1Denmark screening value 01 01 1Germany health-based 03 03 1
administrative 01 01 1Italy health-based 05 1
screening value 01 3Netherlands health-based 053 1
4 McGuire M E et al (2014) Evidence of remediation-induced alteration of subsurface poly- and perfluoroalkyl substance distribution at a former firefighter training area Environmental Science amp Technology 48(12) 6644-6652
20 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Wastewater and Managementbull Water treatment containment
reusedischargebull Biosolids management reuse
5 Xindi C Hu et al Detection of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in the US Drinking Water Linked to Industrial Sites Military Fire Training Areas and Wastewater Treatment Plants Environmental Science and Technology Letters (August 2016) 3 344-350 DOI 101021ascastlett6b00260
6 US Environmental Protection Agency FACT SHEET Perfluorochemical (PFC) Contaminationof Biosolids Near Decatur Alabama March 20117 httpwwwafcecafmilNewsArticle-DisplayArticle466187air-force-earth-day-2013-emphasis-on-water-conservation
Water reuse Source Construction (compaction dust suppression) Irrigation (grounds golf course)
21 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Stormwaterbull gt95 detection across samples collectedbull Non-point source contributionbull Management via
passive treatment collection and treatment retention
bull Currently being maintained on propertybull Staged until later datebull Liabilities minimized by storing on-sitebull Some disposal facilities refusing to accept
AFFF Foam- Best Management Practices Consider entire life cycle
bull Procurement bull Management of wastewater during testing
and flushingbull Disposal practices
22 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
The ldquotake-home messagesrdquohellip
1 Keep one eye open- the PFAS regulatory framework is evolving quickly
2 Science is not always driving decisions
3 Evaluate and manage liabilities proactively to avoid unintended consequences
PFAS Regulatory Status and Prognosis
PFAS Strategic Management Today
23 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Upcoming ConferencesAEHS Amherst MA- Oct 16-19SETAC Annual Conference Minneapolis MN- Nov 16-18Battelle Chlorinated Conference Palm Springs CA ndashApril 8-12
Industry PublicationsNGWA Groundwater and PFAS State of Knowledge and Practice- due out Fall 2017ITRC PFAS Fact Sheets- 6 in total before the end of 2017Podcast Understanding Emerging Contaminants and Regulatory Matters (httpsitunesapplecomuspodcastcivil-engineering-podcastid993416182mt=2) Woodard S et al 2017 Ion exchange resin for PFAS removal and pilot test comparison to GAC Remediation 2017 2719-27
Where to find us
24 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Questions
Thank youShalene Thomas MS PMPEmerging Contaminants Program ManagerWood dba Amec Foster Wheeler
Male Fathead Minnow Condition FactorMean BCF vs Treatment (Fathead Minnow)
Treatment
BLK GRM BCR FMP PBG USC SCR TWP MIX000
001
002
003
004
005
006Mean
2017
Upstream Downstream
Statistically different means indicated by differing letters
A
BBB
ABAB
ABABAB
Discussion
Varied water chemistry depicts a system with multiple inputs from both known (effluent) and unknown (runoff) sources
Alterations to FHM fecundity and body condition factor represent a complex river system with varying inputs
Sunfish indices (glucose HSI GSI) detail the importance of entire life-cycle exposure due to strong upstream to downstream trends (glucose) and individual site effects (HSI GSI)
Impacts
Potential improper re-direction of energy stores at a critical energy-intensive period of reproduction
Alterations to reproduction and reproductive indices could lead to population dynamic changes
Most pronounced effects observed on resident sunfish those which were exposed their entire life
Acknowledgements
Thanks to our collaboratorsSt Cloud State University ndash
Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory
Estrone and Temperature Interactions Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationships in Freshwater Fish
Estrone and Temperature Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationship in Freshwater Fish
Introduction
Hypothesis
Exposure Systems
Predator Avoidance response
Calcein Staining
Slide Number 8
Slide Number 9
Slide Number 10
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
Results Recap
Discussion
Significance
Acknowledgements
Questions
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastwateer Land Application Sites
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastewater Land Application Sites
Some Definitions
Problem amp Significance
Problem amp Significance
Objectives
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in shallow groundwater near 7 LSTSRIB facilities
Objective (a) - Methods
Facility Locations
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
Comparison to MN Ambient Groundwater
PrioritizationScreening Assessment
Prioritization Assessment - Surface Water
Screening Assessment ndash Human Health
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b) - Methods
Agricultural Field Results
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary
Acknowledgements
Questions
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
Outline
PFAS ndash General overview
What is an emerging contaminant
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Federal and State EC Programs
What are PFAS
UsesSources
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
The Impetus for Change
Slide Number 14
Slide Number 15
Slide Number 16
Slide Number 17
Slide Number 18
Slide Number 19
Slide Number 20
Slide Number 21
Slide Number 22
Slide Number 23
Slide Number 24
Slide Number 25
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnows (pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Maumee River
Maumee River
Study Objective
Slide Number 5
Slide Number 6
Slide Number 7
Slide Number 8
Water Chemistry
Water Chemistry
Fathead Minnow Fecundity
Larval Fathead Minnow
Sunfish Blood Glucose
Slide Number 14
Resident Sunfish Gonadosomatic Index
Slide Number 16
Male Fathead Minnow Condition Factor
Discussion
Impacts
Acknowledgements
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Storm Water Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Stormwater Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
Problem amp SignificanceIn Minnesota LSTS ~125 large (1MGY) 1000rsquos more mid-size amp
smaller systems RIB 30 large 20 other
LSTSRIBSurficial sand amp gravel
Objectives
Objective - Determine occurrence of micropollutants in
(a) shallow groundwater near 7 on-site treatment facilities (LSTSRIB)
(b) soil at one land application site irrigating with domestic septage
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in shallow groundwater
near 7 LSTSRIB facilities
Objective (a)
Objective (a) - Methods
5 LSTS and 2 RIB facilities One downgradient well per site Three sample events
Chemical analyses Physical water quality parameters Nutrients ndash MDH Ions ndash MDH Pharmaceuticals (109) ndash USGS NWQL Other wastewater indicators (67) ndash USGS NWQL Sterols amp hormones (20) ndash USGS NWQL Antibiotics amp Pharmaceuticals (33) ndash USGS KS OGRL
Facility Locations
Erickson et al (submitted)
LSTS
RIBStatic water level 2 - 40 ft
10 ndash 100 m
10 ndash 100 m
LSTSRIB Results
34 micropollutants detected at least once Pharmaceuticals (19) flame retardants pesticides
industrial chemicals Mixtures of 2 ndash 26 micropollutants in all samples Sulfamethoxazole was detected in ALL samples
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b)
Objective (b) - Methods1 agricultural field ndash irrigates with domestic septage
Soil 4 sample locations 1 sample event
Chemical analyses Other wastewater
indicators Sterols amp hormones Antibiotics amp
pharmaceuticals
Agricultural Field Results
32 micropollutants detected in soil Fragrances bisphenol A PAHs etc More hormones and sterols detected relative to
other analyzed chemicals Carbamazepine ciprofloxacin ofloxacin in all
samples Ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin in mgkg range
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary 34 micropollutants detected in groundwater
near LSTSRIB facilities mostly pharmaceuticals Some detectionsconcentrations of potential
concern to aquatic and human health Soils receiving wastewater may be a
repository for some organic contaminants More research on fate amp transport needs to
be conducted to better understand how these BMPs contribute to contaminant load to environment
Acknowledgements
Funding State of Minnesota Clean Water Fund USGS Cooperative Matching Fund
Daniel Morel and Brent Mason sampling Facility owners and operators
Questions
Sarah Elliottselliottusgsgov
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
18 October 2017
Shalene Thomas Amec Foster WheelerHannah Albertus-Benham Amec Foster Wheeler
Outline
1 Introduction and Background The Concern What are Emerging Contaminants Why are they different PFAS what are they and where are they used
2 The Response PFAS Case Study Regulatory Landscape and overview Case Study Summary Facility Management Considerations
3 Summary
2 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
PFAS ndash General overview
Federal and State Programs
What is the concern
Why are they different
What are Emerging Contaminants
3 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
What is an emerging contaminant
4
DoD and EPA definitions generally state
1 Presents potential unacceptable risk
2 Has no published standard3 New science detection or
exposure pathway available12 3
1DoD Instruction 471518 Emerging Contaminants June 11 2009 DUSD (IampE) is Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Installation and Environment2EPA Federal Facilities Restoration and Reuse Officehttpwwwepagovfedfacdocumentsemerging_contaminantshtmadditional_ec
3 httptoxicsusgsgovregionalemc
EC News
Phase IAssessment
Phase IIAssessment
DoD Scan Watch Action Process
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 20175
Department of Defense Emerging Contaminants
EPA Office of Water Contaminants of Emerging Concern
Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs)
PBDEs
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Persistent Bioaccumulative
Toxic
Use and Contamination is
Widespread
Regulatory and Legal Actions
Rising
Risk Review Management Mitigation
6 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)
Unregulated Contaminant
Monitoring Rule(UCMR)
Center for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC)
National Health and Nutrition
Examination Survey (NHANES)
State Biomonitoring Cooperative Agreement
Seven States with Specific Risk Management Programs Addressing Emerging Contaminants
WA AZ MN NY ME VT
Federal and State EC Programs
7 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
What are PFAS
8
Fluorinated Substances
Perfluoroalkylsubstance
(formerly PFCs)Polyfluoroalkyl
substance
ie FTOH
ie82 FTOH
Note This is a simplified representation of fluorinated substance sub-classes and in no way represents the entire fluorinated substances class
3 RC Buck et al Guide to PFASs in the Environment- Integr Environ Assess Manag 7 2011
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
PFSA
ie PFOSie PFOA
PFCA
UsesSources
Oil and Gas Extraction Electroplating(mist suppressants)
Manufacturing Processes Intermediates By-products
Consumer ProductsSemiconductor
Industry
Aqueous film forming foams
9 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
10
Case Study
Regulatory Landscape
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Facility Management
US Water Criteria
11
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
USEPA 007 007 1
04 04 2
Alaska (AK) 040 040 2
Connecticut (CT) 007 007 2
Delaware (DE) 007 007 2
Iowa (IA) 007 007 2
Maine (ME) 007 007 1
013 056 2
005 12 3
Michigan (MI) 042 0011 4
007 007 2
Minnesota (MN) 0035 0027 2
Nevada (NV) 1
New Hampshire (NH) 007 007 2
New Jersey (NJ) 0014 1
North Carolina (NC) 2 2
Oregon (OR) 24 300 4
Texas (TX) 029 056 2
Vermont (VT) 002 002 12
US EPA
US by State
NOTES
1= drinking water2= groundwater3= recreational water4= surface water
= Promulgated rule (AK IA MI NH NC OR TX VT) = Promulgation anticipated proposed or recommended (MN NJ)= Calculated using the EPA RSL calculator
OTHER NOTABLES
bull 70 of the states adopted criteria within the last 2 yrsbull Several states have adopted criteria for other PFAS
bull CT DE MN NV NJ OR and TXbull CERCLA 5-Year reviews serving as Site ldquoRe-Openersrdquobull Administrative Orders from EPA despite promulgated
rulebull States have adopted Emergency Rules bull Site Clean-Up Goals vary broadly
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
International Water Criteria
12
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
Australia health-based 056 007 1health-based 56 07 2
Canada screening value 02 06 1Denmark screening value 01 01 1Germany health-based 03 03 1
administrative 01 01 1Italy health-based 05 1
screening value 01 3Netherlands health-based 053 1
4 McGuire M E et al (2014) Evidence of remediation-induced alteration of subsurface poly- and perfluoroalkyl substance distribution at a former firefighter training area Environmental Science amp Technology 48(12) 6644-6652
20 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Wastewater and Managementbull Water treatment containment
reusedischargebull Biosolids management reuse
5 Xindi C Hu et al Detection of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in the US Drinking Water Linked to Industrial Sites Military Fire Training Areas and Wastewater Treatment Plants Environmental Science and Technology Letters (August 2016) 3 344-350 DOI 101021ascastlett6b00260
6 US Environmental Protection Agency FACT SHEET Perfluorochemical (PFC) Contaminationof Biosolids Near Decatur Alabama March 20117 httpwwwafcecafmilNewsArticle-DisplayArticle466187air-force-earth-day-2013-emphasis-on-water-conservation
Water reuse Source Construction (compaction dust suppression) Irrigation (grounds golf course)
21 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Stormwaterbull gt95 detection across samples collectedbull Non-point source contributionbull Management via
passive treatment collection and treatment retention
bull Currently being maintained on propertybull Staged until later datebull Liabilities minimized by storing on-sitebull Some disposal facilities refusing to accept
AFFF Foam- Best Management Practices Consider entire life cycle
bull Procurement bull Management of wastewater during testing
and flushingbull Disposal practices
22 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
The ldquotake-home messagesrdquohellip
1 Keep one eye open- the PFAS regulatory framework is evolving quickly
2 Science is not always driving decisions
3 Evaluate and manage liabilities proactively to avoid unintended consequences
PFAS Regulatory Status and Prognosis
PFAS Strategic Management Today
23 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Upcoming ConferencesAEHS Amherst MA- Oct 16-19SETAC Annual Conference Minneapolis MN- Nov 16-18Battelle Chlorinated Conference Palm Springs CA ndashApril 8-12
Industry PublicationsNGWA Groundwater and PFAS State of Knowledge and Practice- due out Fall 2017ITRC PFAS Fact Sheets- 6 in total before the end of 2017Podcast Understanding Emerging Contaminants and Regulatory Matters (httpsitunesapplecomuspodcastcivil-engineering-podcastid993416182mt=2) Woodard S et al 2017 Ion exchange resin for PFAS removal and pilot test comparison to GAC Remediation 2017 2719-27
Where to find us
24 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Questions
Thank youShalene Thomas MS PMPEmerging Contaminants Program ManagerWood dba Amec Foster Wheeler
Male Fathead Minnow Condition FactorMean BCF vs Treatment (Fathead Minnow)
Treatment
BLK GRM BCR FMP PBG USC SCR TWP MIX000
001
002
003
004
005
006Mean
2017
Upstream Downstream
Statistically different means indicated by differing letters
A
BBB
ABAB
ABABAB
Discussion
Varied water chemistry depicts a system with multiple inputs from both known (effluent) and unknown (runoff) sources
Alterations to FHM fecundity and body condition factor represent a complex river system with varying inputs
Sunfish indices (glucose HSI GSI) detail the importance of entire life-cycle exposure due to strong upstream to downstream trends (glucose) and individual site effects (HSI GSI)
Impacts
Potential improper re-direction of energy stores at a critical energy-intensive period of reproduction
Alterations to reproduction and reproductive indices could lead to population dynamic changes
Most pronounced effects observed on resident sunfish those which were exposed their entire life
Acknowledgements
Thanks to our collaboratorsSt Cloud State University ndash
Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory
Estrone and Temperature Interactions Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationships in Freshwater Fish
Estrone and Temperature Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationship in Freshwater Fish
Introduction
Hypothesis
Exposure Systems
Predator Avoidance response
Calcein Staining
Slide Number 8
Slide Number 9
Slide Number 10
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
Results Recap
Discussion
Significance
Acknowledgements
Questions
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastwateer Land Application Sites
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastewater Land Application Sites
Some Definitions
Problem amp Significance
Problem amp Significance
Objectives
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in shallow groundwater near 7 LSTSRIB facilities
Objective (a) - Methods
Facility Locations
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
Comparison to MN Ambient Groundwater
PrioritizationScreening Assessment
Prioritization Assessment - Surface Water
Screening Assessment ndash Human Health
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b) - Methods
Agricultural Field Results
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary
Acknowledgements
Questions
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
Outline
PFAS ndash General overview
What is an emerging contaminant
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Federal and State EC Programs
What are PFAS
UsesSources
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
The Impetus for Change
Slide Number 14
Slide Number 15
Slide Number 16
Slide Number 17
Slide Number 18
Slide Number 19
Slide Number 20
Slide Number 21
Slide Number 22
Slide Number 23
Slide Number 24
Slide Number 25
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnows (pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Maumee River
Maumee River
Study Objective
Slide Number 5
Slide Number 6
Slide Number 7
Slide Number 8
Water Chemistry
Water Chemistry
Fathead Minnow Fecundity
Larval Fathead Minnow
Sunfish Blood Glucose
Slide Number 14
Resident Sunfish Gonadosomatic Index
Slide Number 16
Male Fathead Minnow Condition Factor
Discussion
Impacts
Acknowledgements
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Storm Water Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Stormwater Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
Objectives
Objective - Determine occurrence of micropollutants in
(a) shallow groundwater near 7 on-site treatment facilities (LSTSRIB)
(b) soil at one land application site irrigating with domestic septage
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in shallow groundwater
near 7 LSTSRIB facilities
Objective (a)
Objective (a) - Methods
5 LSTS and 2 RIB facilities One downgradient well per site Three sample events
Chemical analyses Physical water quality parameters Nutrients ndash MDH Ions ndash MDH Pharmaceuticals (109) ndash USGS NWQL Other wastewater indicators (67) ndash USGS NWQL Sterols amp hormones (20) ndash USGS NWQL Antibiotics amp Pharmaceuticals (33) ndash USGS KS OGRL
Facility Locations
Erickson et al (submitted)
LSTS
RIBStatic water level 2 - 40 ft
10 ndash 100 m
10 ndash 100 m
LSTSRIB Results
34 micropollutants detected at least once Pharmaceuticals (19) flame retardants pesticides
industrial chemicals Mixtures of 2 ndash 26 micropollutants in all samples Sulfamethoxazole was detected in ALL samples
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b)
Objective (b) - Methods1 agricultural field ndash irrigates with domestic septage
Soil 4 sample locations 1 sample event
Chemical analyses Other wastewater
indicators Sterols amp hormones Antibiotics amp
pharmaceuticals
Agricultural Field Results
32 micropollutants detected in soil Fragrances bisphenol A PAHs etc More hormones and sterols detected relative to
other analyzed chemicals Carbamazepine ciprofloxacin ofloxacin in all
samples Ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin in mgkg range
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary 34 micropollutants detected in groundwater
near LSTSRIB facilities mostly pharmaceuticals Some detectionsconcentrations of potential
concern to aquatic and human health Soils receiving wastewater may be a
repository for some organic contaminants More research on fate amp transport needs to
be conducted to better understand how these BMPs contribute to contaminant load to environment
Acknowledgements
Funding State of Minnesota Clean Water Fund USGS Cooperative Matching Fund
Daniel Morel and Brent Mason sampling Facility owners and operators
Questions
Sarah Elliottselliottusgsgov
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
18 October 2017
Shalene Thomas Amec Foster WheelerHannah Albertus-Benham Amec Foster Wheeler
Outline
1 Introduction and Background The Concern What are Emerging Contaminants Why are they different PFAS what are they and where are they used
2 The Response PFAS Case Study Regulatory Landscape and overview Case Study Summary Facility Management Considerations
3 Summary
2 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
PFAS ndash General overview
Federal and State Programs
What is the concern
Why are they different
What are Emerging Contaminants
3 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
What is an emerging contaminant
4
DoD and EPA definitions generally state
1 Presents potential unacceptable risk
2 Has no published standard3 New science detection or
exposure pathway available12 3
1DoD Instruction 471518 Emerging Contaminants June 11 2009 DUSD (IampE) is Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Installation and Environment2EPA Federal Facilities Restoration and Reuse Officehttpwwwepagovfedfacdocumentsemerging_contaminantshtmadditional_ec
3 httptoxicsusgsgovregionalemc
EC News
Phase IAssessment
Phase IIAssessment
DoD Scan Watch Action Process
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 20175
Department of Defense Emerging Contaminants
EPA Office of Water Contaminants of Emerging Concern
Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs)
PBDEs
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Persistent Bioaccumulative
Toxic
Use and Contamination is
Widespread
Regulatory and Legal Actions
Rising
Risk Review Management Mitigation
6 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)
Unregulated Contaminant
Monitoring Rule(UCMR)
Center for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC)
National Health and Nutrition
Examination Survey (NHANES)
State Biomonitoring Cooperative Agreement
Seven States with Specific Risk Management Programs Addressing Emerging Contaminants
WA AZ MN NY ME VT
Federal and State EC Programs
7 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
What are PFAS
8
Fluorinated Substances
Perfluoroalkylsubstance
(formerly PFCs)Polyfluoroalkyl
substance
ie FTOH
ie82 FTOH
Note This is a simplified representation of fluorinated substance sub-classes and in no way represents the entire fluorinated substances class
3 RC Buck et al Guide to PFASs in the Environment- Integr Environ Assess Manag 7 2011
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
PFSA
ie PFOSie PFOA
PFCA
UsesSources
Oil and Gas Extraction Electroplating(mist suppressants)
Manufacturing Processes Intermediates By-products
Consumer ProductsSemiconductor
Industry
Aqueous film forming foams
9 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
10
Case Study
Regulatory Landscape
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Facility Management
US Water Criteria
11
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
USEPA 007 007 1
04 04 2
Alaska (AK) 040 040 2
Connecticut (CT) 007 007 2
Delaware (DE) 007 007 2
Iowa (IA) 007 007 2
Maine (ME) 007 007 1
013 056 2
005 12 3
Michigan (MI) 042 0011 4
007 007 2
Minnesota (MN) 0035 0027 2
Nevada (NV) 1
New Hampshire (NH) 007 007 2
New Jersey (NJ) 0014 1
North Carolina (NC) 2 2
Oregon (OR) 24 300 4
Texas (TX) 029 056 2
Vermont (VT) 002 002 12
US EPA
US by State
NOTES
1= drinking water2= groundwater3= recreational water4= surface water
= Promulgated rule (AK IA MI NH NC OR TX VT) = Promulgation anticipated proposed or recommended (MN NJ)= Calculated using the EPA RSL calculator
OTHER NOTABLES
bull 70 of the states adopted criteria within the last 2 yrsbull Several states have adopted criteria for other PFAS
bull CT DE MN NV NJ OR and TXbull CERCLA 5-Year reviews serving as Site ldquoRe-Openersrdquobull Administrative Orders from EPA despite promulgated
rulebull States have adopted Emergency Rules bull Site Clean-Up Goals vary broadly
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
International Water Criteria
12
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
Australia health-based 056 007 1health-based 56 07 2
Canada screening value 02 06 1Denmark screening value 01 01 1Germany health-based 03 03 1
administrative 01 01 1Italy health-based 05 1
screening value 01 3Netherlands health-based 053 1
4 McGuire M E et al (2014) Evidence of remediation-induced alteration of subsurface poly- and perfluoroalkyl substance distribution at a former firefighter training area Environmental Science amp Technology 48(12) 6644-6652
20 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Wastewater and Managementbull Water treatment containment
reusedischargebull Biosolids management reuse
5 Xindi C Hu et al Detection of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in the US Drinking Water Linked to Industrial Sites Military Fire Training Areas and Wastewater Treatment Plants Environmental Science and Technology Letters (August 2016) 3 344-350 DOI 101021ascastlett6b00260
6 US Environmental Protection Agency FACT SHEET Perfluorochemical (PFC) Contaminationof Biosolids Near Decatur Alabama March 20117 httpwwwafcecafmilNewsArticle-DisplayArticle466187air-force-earth-day-2013-emphasis-on-water-conservation
Water reuse Source Construction (compaction dust suppression) Irrigation (grounds golf course)
21 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Stormwaterbull gt95 detection across samples collectedbull Non-point source contributionbull Management via
passive treatment collection and treatment retention
bull Currently being maintained on propertybull Staged until later datebull Liabilities minimized by storing on-sitebull Some disposal facilities refusing to accept
AFFF Foam- Best Management Practices Consider entire life cycle
bull Procurement bull Management of wastewater during testing
and flushingbull Disposal practices
22 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
The ldquotake-home messagesrdquohellip
1 Keep one eye open- the PFAS regulatory framework is evolving quickly
2 Science is not always driving decisions
3 Evaluate and manage liabilities proactively to avoid unintended consequences
PFAS Regulatory Status and Prognosis
PFAS Strategic Management Today
23 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Upcoming ConferencesAEHS Amherst MA- Oct 16-19SETAC Annual Conference Minneapolis MN- Nov 16-18Battelle Chlorinated Conference Palm Springs CA ndashApril 8-12
Industry PublicationsNGWA Groundwater and PFAS State of Knowledge and Practice- due out Fall 2017ITRC PFAS Fact Sheets- 6 in total before the end of 2017Podcast Understanding Emerging Contaminants and Regulatory Matters (httpsitunesapplecomuspodcastcivil-engineering-podcastid993416182mt=2) Woodard S et al 2017 Ion exchange resin for PFAS removal and pilot test comparison to GAC Remediation 2017 2719-27
Where to find us
24 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Questions
Thank youShalene Thomas MS PMPEmerging Contaminants Program ManagerWood dba Amec Foster Wheeler
Male Fathead Minnow Condition FactorMean BCF vs Treatment (Fathead Minnow)
Treatment
BLK GRM BCR FMP PBG USC SCR TWP MIX000
001
002
003
004
005
006Mean
2017
Upstream Downstream
Statistically different means indicated by differing letters
A
BBB
ABAB
ABABAB
Discussion
Varied water chemistry depicts a system with multiple inputs from both known (effluent) and unknown (runoff) sources
Alterations to FHM fecundity and body condition factor represent a complex river system with varying inputs
Sunfish indices (glucose HSI GSI) detail the importance of entire life-cycle exposure due to strong upstream to downstream trends (glucose) and individual site effects (HSI GSI)
Impacts
Potential improper re-direction of energy stores at a critical energy-intensive period of reproduction
Alterations to reproduction and reproductive indices could lead to population dynamic changes
Most pronounced effects observed on resident sunfish those which were exposed their entire life
Acknowledgements
Thanks to our collaboratorsSt Cloud State University ndash
Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory
Estrone and Temperature Interactions Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationships in Freshwater Fish
Estrone and Temperature Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationship in Freshwater Fish
Introduction
Hypothesis
Exposure Systems
Predator Avoidance response
Calcein Staining
Slide Number 8
Slide Number 9
Slide Number 10
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
Results Recap
Discussion
Significance
Acknowledgements
Questions
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastwateer Land Application Sites
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastewater Land Application Sites
Some Definitions
Problem amp Significance
Problem amp Significance
Objectives
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in shallow groundwater near 7 LSTSRIB facilities
Objective (a) - Methods
Facility Locations
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
Comparison to MN Ambient Groundwater
PrioritizationScreening Assessment
Prioritization Assessment - Surface Water
Screening Assessment ndash Human Health
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b) - Methods
Agricultural Field Results
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary
Acknowledgements
Questions
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
Outline
PFAS ndash General overview
What is an emerging contaminant
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Federal and State EC Programs
What are PFAS
UsesSources
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
The Impetus for Change
Slide Number 14
Slide Number 15
Slide Number 16
Slide Number 17
Slide Number 18
Slide Number 19
Slide Number 20
Slide Number 21
Slide Number 22
Slide Number 23
Slide Number 24
Slide Number 25
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnows (pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Maumee River
Maumee River
Study Objective
Slide Number 5
Slide Number 6
Slide Number 7
Slide Number 8
Water Chemistry
Water Chemistry
Fathead Minnow Fecundity
Larval Fathead Minnow
Sunfish Blood Glucose
Slide Number 14
Resident Sunfish Gonadosomatic Index
Slide Number 16
Male Fathead Minnow Condition Factor
Discussion
Impacts
Acknowledgements
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Storm Water Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Stormwater Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in shallow groundwater
near 7 LSTSRIB facilities
Objective (a)
Objective (a) - Methods
5 LSTS and 2 RIB facilities One downgradient well per site Three sample events
Chemical analyses Physical water quality parameters Nutrients ndash MDH Ions ndash MDH Pharmaceuticals (109) ndash USGS NWQL Other wastewater indicators (67) ndash USGS NWQL Sterols amp hormones (20) ndash USGS NWQL Antibiotics amp Pharmaceuticals (33) ndash USGS KS OGRL
Facility Locations
Erickson et al (submitted)
LSTS
RIBStatic water level 2 - 40 ft
10 ndash 100 m
10 ndash 100 m
LSTSRIB Results
34 micropollutants detected at least once Pharmaceuticals (19) flame retardants pesticides
industrial chemicals Mixtures of 2 ndash 26 micropollutants in all samples Sulfamethoxazole was detected in ALL samples
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b)
Objective (b) - Methods1 agricultural field ndash irrigates with domestic septage
Soil 4 sample locations 1 sample event
Chemical analyses Other wastewater
indicators Sterols amp hormones Antibiotics amp
pharmaceuticals
Agricultural Field Results
32 micropollutants detected in soil Fragrances bisphenol A PAHs etc More hormones and sterols detected relative to
other analyzed chemicals Carbamazepine ciprofloxacin ofloxacin in all
samples Ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin in mgkg range
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary 34 micropollutants detected in groundwater
near LSTSRIB facilities mostly pharmaceuticals Some detectionsconcentrations of potential
concern to aquatic and human health Soils receiving wastewater may be a
repository for some organic contaminants More research on fate amp transport needs to
be conducted to better understand how these BMPs contribute to contaminant load to environment
Acknowledgements
Funding State of Minnesota Clean Water Fund USGS Cooperative Matching Fund
Daniel Morel and Brent Mason sampling Facility owners and operators
Questions
Sarah Elliottselliottusgsgov
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
18 October 2017
Shalene Thomas Amec Foster WheelerHannah Albertus-Benham Amec Foster Wheeler
Outline
1 Introduction and Background The Concern What are Emerging Contaminants Why are they different PFAS what are they and where are they used
2 The Response PFAS Case Study Regulatory Landscape and overview Case Study Summary Facility Management Considerations
3 Summary
2 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
PFAS ndash General overview
Federal and State Programs
What is the concern
Why are they different
What are Emerging Contaminants
3 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
What is an emerging contaminant
4
DoD and EPA definitions generally state
1 Presents potential unacceptable risk
2 Has no published standard3 New science detection or
exposure pathway available12 3
1DoD Instruction 471518 Emerging Contaminants June 11 2009 DUSD (IampE) is Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Installation and Environment2EPA Federal Facilities Restoration and Reuse Officehttpwwwepagovfedfacdocumentsemerging_contaminantshtmadditional_ec
3 httptoxicsusgsgovregionalemc
EC News
Phase IAssessment
Phase IIAssessment
DoD Scan Watch Action Process
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 20175
Department of Defense Emerging Contaminants
EPA Office of Water Contaminants of Emerging Concern
Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs)
PBDEs
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Persistent Bioaccumulative
Toxic
Use and Contamination is
Widespread
Regulatory and Legal Actions
Rising
Risk Review Management Mitigation
6 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)
Unregulated Contaminant
Monitoring Rule(UCMR)
Center for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC)
National Health and Nutrition
Examination Survey (NHANES)
State Biomonitoring Cooperative Agreement
Seven States with Specific Risk Management Programs Addressing Emerging Contaminants
WA AZ MN NY ME VT
Federal and State EC Programs
7 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
What are PFAS
8
Fluorinated Substances
Perfluoroalkylsubstance
(formerly PFCs)Polyfluoroalkyl
substance
ie FTOH
ie82 FTOH
Note This is a simplified representation of fluorinated substance sub-classes and in no way represents the entire fluorinated substances class
3 RC Buck et al Guide to PFASs in the Environment- Integr Environ Assess Manag 7 2011
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
PFSA
ie PFOSie PFOA
PFCA
UsesSources
Oil and Gas Extraction Electroplating(mist suppressants)
Manufacturing Processes Intermediates By-products
Consumer ProductsSemiconductor
Industry
Aqueous film forming foams
9 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
10
Case Study
Regulatory Landscape
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Facility Management
US Water Criteria
11
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
USEPA 007 007 1
04 04 2
Alaska (AK) 040 040 2
Connecticut (CT) 007 007 2
Delaware (DE) 007 007 2
Iowa (IA) 007 007 2
Maine (ME) 007 007 1
013 056 2
005 12 3
Michigan (MI) 042 0011 4
007 007 2
Minnesota (MN) 0035 0027 2
Nevada (NV) 1
New Hampshire (NH) 007 007 2
New Jersey (NJ) 0014 1
North Carolina (NC) 2 2
Oregon (OR) 24 300 4
Texas (TX) 029 056 2
Vermont (VT) 002 002 12
US EPA
US by State
NOTES
1= drinking water2= groundwater3= recreational water4= surface water
= Promulgated rule (AK IA MI NH NC OR TX VT) = Promulgation anticipated proposed or recommended (MN NJ)= Calculated using the EPA RSL calculator
OTHER NOTABLES
bull 70 of the states adopted criteria within the last 2 yrsbull Several states have adopted criteria for other PFAS
bull CT DE MN NV NJ OR and TXbull CERCLA 5-Year reviews serving as Site ldquoRe-Openersrdquobull Administrative Orders from EPA despite promulgated
rulebull States have adopted Emergency Rules bull Site Clean-Up Goals vary broadly
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
International Water Criteria
12
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
Australia health-based 056 007 1health-based 56 07 2
Canada screening value 02 06 1Denmark screening value 01 01 1Germany health-based 03 03 1
administrative 01 01 1Italy health-based 05 1
screening value 01 3Netherlands health-based 053 1
4 McGuire M E et al (2014) Evidence of remediation-induced alteration of subsurface poly- and perfluoroalkyl substance distribution at a former firefighter training area Environmental Science amp Technology 48(12) 6644-6652
20 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Wastewater and Managementbull Water treatment containment
reusedischargebull Biosolids management reuse
5 Xindi C Hu et al Detection of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in the US Drinking Water Linked to Industrial Sites Military Fire Training Areas and Wastewater Treatment Plants Environmental Science and Technology Letters (August 2016) 3 344-350 DOI 101021ascastlett6b00260
6 US Environmental Protection Agency FACT SHEET Perfluorochemical (PFC) Contaminationof Biosolids Near Decatur Alabama March 20117 httpwwwafcecafmilNewsArticle-DisplayArticle466187air-force-earth-day-2013-emphasis-on-water-conservation
Water reuse Source Construction (compaction dust suppression) Irrigation (grounds golf course)
21 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Stormwaterbull gt95 detection across samples collectedbull Non-point source contributionbull Management via
passive treatment collection and treatment retention
bull Currently being maintained on propertybull Staged until later datebull Liabilities minimized by storing on-sitebull Some disposal facilities refusing to accept
AFFF Foam- Best Management Practices Consider entire life cycle
bull Procurement bull Management of wastewater during testing
and flushingbull Disposal practices
22 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
The ldquotake-home messagesrdquohellip
1 Keep one eye open- the PFAS regulatory framework is evolving quickly
2 Science is not always driving decisions
3 Evaluate and manage liabilities proactively to avoid unintended consequences
PFAS Regulatory Status and Prognosis
PFAS Strategic Management Today
23 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Upcoming ConferencesAEHS Amherst MA- Oct 16-19SETAC Annual Conference Minneapolis MN- Nov 16-18Battelle Chlorinated Conference Palm Springs CA ndashApril 8-12
Industry PublicationsNGWA Groundwater and PFAS State of Knowledge and Practice- due out Fall 2017ITRC PFAS Fact Sheets- 6 in total before the end of 2017Podcast Understanding Emerging Contaminants and Regulatory Matters (httpsitunesapplecomuspodcastcivil-engineering-podcastid993416182mt=2) Woodard S et al 2017 Ion exchange resin for PFAS removal and pilot test comparison to GAC Remediation 2017 2719-27
Where to find us
24 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Questions
Thank youShalene Thomas MS PMPEmerging Contaminants Program ManagerWood dba Amec Foster Wheeler
Male Fathead Minnow Condition FactorMean BCF vs Treatment (Fathead Minnow)
Treatment
BLK GRM BCR FMP PBG USC SCR TWP MIX000
001
002
003
004
005
006Mean
2017
Upstream Downstream
Statistically different means indicated by differing letters
A
BBB
ABAB
ABABAB
Discussion
Varied water chemistry depicts a system with multiple inputs from both known (effluent) and unknown (runoff) sources
Alterations to FHM fecundity and body condition factor represent a complex river system with varying inputs
Sunfish indices (glucose HSI GSI) detail the importance of entire life-cycle exposure due to strong upstream to downstream trends (glucose) and individual site effects (HSI GSI)
Impacts
Potential improper re-direction of energy stores at a critical energy-intensive period of reproduction
Alterations to reproduction and reproductive indices could lead to population dynamic changes
Most pronounced effects observed on resident sunfish those which were exposed their entire life
Acknowledgements
Thanks to our collaboratorsSt Cloud State University ndash
Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory
Estrone and Temperature Interactions Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationships in Freshwater Fish
Estrone and Temperature Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationship in Freshwater Fish
Introduction
Hypothesis
Exposure Systems
Predator Avoidance response
Calcein Staining
Slide Number 8
Slide Number 9
Slide Number 10
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
Results Recap
Discussion
Significance
Acknowledgements
Questions
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastwateer Land Application Sites
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastewater Land Application Sites
Some Definitions
Problem amp Significance
Problem amp Significance
Objectives
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in shallow groundwater near 7 LSTSRIB facilities
Objective (a) - Methods
Facility Locations
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
Comparison to MN Ambient Groundwater
PrioritizationScreening Assessment
Prioritization Assessment - Surface Water
Screening Assessment ndash Human Health
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b) - Methods
Agricultural Field Results
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary
Acknowledgements
Questions
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
Outline
PFAS ndash General overview
What is an emerging contaminant
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Federal and State EC Programs
What are PFAS
UsesSources
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
The Impetus for Change
Slide Number 14
Slide Number 15
Slide Number 16
Slide Number 17
Slide Number 18
Slide Number 19
Slide Number 20
Slide Number 21
Slide Number 22
Slide Number 23
Slide Number 24
Slide Number 25
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnows (pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Maumee River
Maumee River
Study Objective
Slide Number 5
Slide Number 6
Slide Number 7
Slide Number 8
Water Chemistry
Water Chemistry
Fathead Minnow Fecundity
Larval Fathead Minnow
Sunfish Blood Glucose
Slide Number 14
Resident Sunfish Gonadosomatic Index
Slide Number 16
Male Fathead Minnow Condition Factor
Discussion
Impacts
Acknowledgements
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Storm Water Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Stormwater Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
Objective (a) - Methods
5 LSTS and 2 RIB facilities One downgradient well per site Three sample events
Chemical analyses Physical water quality parameters Nutrients ndash MDH Ions ndash MDH Pharmaceuticals (109) ndash USGS NWQL Other wastewater indicators (67) ndash USGS NWQL Sterols amp hormones (20) ndash USGS NWQL Antibiotics amp Pharmaceuticals (33) ndash USGS KS OGRL
Facility Locations
Erickson et al (submitted)
LSTS
RIBStatic water level 2 - 40 ft
10 ndash 100 m
10 ndash 100 m
LSTSRIB Results
34 micropollutants detected at least once Pharmaceuticals (19) flame retardants pesticides
industrial chemicals Mixtures of 2 ndash 26 micropollutants in all samples Sulfamethoxazole was detected in ALL samples
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b)
Objective (b) - Methods1 agricultural field ndash irrigates with domestic septage
Soil 4 sample locations 1 sample event
Chemical analyses Other wastewater
indicators Sterols amp hormones Antibiotics amp
pharmaceuticals
Agricultural Field Results
32 micropollutants detected in soil Fragrances bisphenol A PAHs etc More hormones and sterols detected relative to
other analyzed chemicals Carbamazepine ciprofloxacin ofloxacin in all
samples Ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin in mgkg range
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary 34 micropollutants detected in groundwater
near LSTSRIB facilities mostly pharmaceuticals Some detectionsconcentrations of potential
concern to aquatic and human health Soils receiving wastewater may be a
repository for some organic contaminants More research on fate amp transport needs to
be conducted to better understand how these BMPs contribute to contaminant load to environment
Acknowledgements
Funding State of Minnesota Clean Water Fund USGS Cooperative Matching Fund
Daniel Morel and Brent Mason sampling Facility owners and operators
Questions
Sarah Elliottselliottusgsgov
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
18 October 2017
Shalene Thomas Amec Foster WheelerHannah Albertus-Benham Amec Foster Wheeler
Outline
1 Introduction and Background The Concern What are Emerging Contaminants Why are they different PFAS what are they and where are they used
2 The Response PFAS Case Study Regulatory Landscape and overview Case Study Summary Facility Management Considerations
3 Summary
2 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
PFAS ndash General overview
Federal and State Programs
What is the concern
Why are they different
What are Emerging Contaminants
3 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
What is an emerging contaminant
4
DoD and EPA definitions generally state
1 Presents potential unacceptable risk
2 Has no published standard3 New science detection or
exposure pathway available12 3
1DoD Instruction 471518 Emerging Contaminants June 11 2009 DUSD (IampE) is Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Installation and Environment2EPA Federal Facilities Restoration and Reuse Officehttpwwwepagovfedfacdocumentsemerging_contaminantshtmadditional_ec
3 httptoxicsusgsgovregionalemc
EC News
Phase IAssessment
Phase IIAssessment
DoD Scan Watch Action Process
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 20175
Department of Defense Emerging Contaminants
EPA Office of Water Contaminants of Emerging Concern
Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs)
PBDEs
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Persistent Bioaccumulative
Toxic
Use and Contamination is
Widespread
Regulatory and Legal Actions
Rising
Risk Review Management Mitigation
6 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)
Unregulated Contaminant
Monitoring Rule(UCMR)
Center for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC)
National Health and Nutrition
Examination Survey (NHANES)
State Biomonitoring Cooperative Agreement
Seven States with Specific Risk Management Programs Addressing Emerging Contaminants
WA AZ MN NY ME VT
Federal and State EC Programs
7 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
What are PFAS
8
Fluorinated Substances
Perfluoroalkylsubstance
(formerly PFCs)Polyfluoroalkyl
substance
ie FTOH
ie82 FTOH
Note This is a simplified representation of fluorinated substance sub-classes and in no way represents the entire fluorinated substances class
3 RC Buck et al Guide to PFASs in the Environment- Integr Environ Assess Manag 7 2011
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
PFSA
ie PFOSie PFOA
PFCA
UsesSources
Oil and Gas Extraction Electroplating(mist suppressants)
Manufacturing Processes Intermediates By-products
Consumer ProductsSemiconductor
Industry
Aqueous film forming foams
9 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
10
Case Study
Regulatory Landscape
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Facility Management
US Water Criteria
11
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
USEPA 007 007 1
04 04 2
Alaska (AK) 040 040 2
Connecticut (CT) 007 007 2
Delaware (DE) 007 007 2
Iowa (IA) 007 007 2
Maine (ME) 007 007 1
013 056 2
005 12 3
Michigan (MI) 042 0011 4
007 007 2
Minnesota (MN) 0035 0027 2
Nevada (NV) 1
New Hampshire (NH) 007 007 2
New Jersey (NJ) 0014 1
North Carolina (NC) 2 2
Oregon (OR) 24 300 4
Texas (TX) 029 056 2
Vermont (VT) 002 002 12
US EPA
US by State
NOTES
1= drinking water2= groundwater3= recreational water4= surface water
= Promulgated rule (AK IA MI NH NC OR TX VT) = Promulgation anticipated proposed or recommended (MN NJ)= Calculated using the EPA RSL calculator
OTHER NOTABLES
bull 70 of the states adopted criteria within the last 2 yrsbull Several states have adopted criteria for other PFAS
bull CT DE MN NV NJ OR and TXbull CERCLA 5-Year reviews serving as Site ldquoRe-Openersrdquobull Administrative Orders from EPA despite promulgated
rulebull States have adopted Emergency Rules bull Site Clean-Up Goals vary broadly
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
International Water Criteria
12
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
Australia health-based 056 007 1health-based 56 07 2
Canada screening value 02 06 1Denmark screening value 01 01 1Germany health-based 03 03 1
administrative 01 01 1Italy health-based 05 1
screening value 01 3Netherlands health-based 053 1
4 McGuire M E et al (2014) Evidence of remediation-induced alteration of subsurface poly- and perfluoroalkyl substance distribution at a former firefighter training area Environmental Science amp Technology 48(12) 6644-6652
20 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Wastewater and Managementbull Water treatment containment
reusedischargebull Biosolids management reuse
5 Xindi C Hu et al Detection of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in the US Drinking Water Linked to Industrial Sites Military Fire Training Areas and Wastewater Treatment Plants Environmental Science and Technology Letters (August 2016) 3 344-350 DOI 101021ascastlett6b00260
6 US Environmental Protection Agency FACT SHEET Perfluorochemical (PFC) Contaminationof Biosolids Near Decatur Alabama March 20117 httpwwwafcecafmilNewsArticle-DisplayArticle466187air-force-earth-day-2013-emphasis-on-water-conservation
Water reuse Source Construction (compaction dust suppression) Irrigation (grounds golf course)
21 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Stormwaterbull gt95 detection across samples collectedbull Non-point source contributionbull Management via
passive treatment collection and treatment retention
bull Currently being maintained on propertybull Staged until later datebull Liabilities minimized by storing on-sitebull Some disposal facilities refusing to accept
AFFF Foam- Best Management Practices Consider entire life cycle
bull Procurement bull Management of wastewater during testing
and flushingbull Disposal practices
22 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
The ldquotake-home messagesrdquohellip
1 Keep one eye open- the PFAS regulatory framework is evolving quickly
2 Science is not always driving decisions
3 Evaluate and manage liabilities proactively to avoid unintended consequences
PFAS Regulatory Status and Prognosis
PFAS Strategic Management Today
23 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Upcoming ConferencesAEHS Amherst MA- Oct 16-19SETAC Annual Conference Minneapolis MN- Nov 16-18Battelle Chlorinated Conference Palm Springs CA ndashApril 8-12
Industry PublicationsNGWA Groundwater and PFAS State of Knowledge and Practice- due out Fall 2017ITRC PFAS Fact Sheets- 6 in total before the end of 2017Podcast Understanding Emerging Contaminants and Regulatory Matters (httpsitunesapplecomuspodcastcivil-engineering-podcastid993416182mt=2) Woodard S et al 2017 Ion exchange resin for PFAS removal and pilot test comparison to GAC Remediation 2017 2719-27
Where to find us
24 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Questions
Thank youShalene Thomas MS PMPEmerging Contaminants Program ManagerWood dba Amec Foster Wheeler
Male Fathead Minnow Condition FactorMean BCF vs Treatment (Fathead Minnow)
Treatment
BLK GRM BCR FMP PBG USC SCR TWP MIX000
001
002
003
004
005
006Mean
2017
Upstream Downstream
Statistically different means indicated by differing letters
A
BBB
ABAB
ABABAB
Discussion
Varied water chemistry depicts a system with multiple inputs from both known (effluent) and unknown (runoff) sources
Alterations to FHM fecundity and body condition factor represent a complex river system with varying inputs
Sunfish indices (glucose HSI GSI) detail the importance of entire life-cycle exposure due to strong upstream to downstream trends (glucose) and individual site effects (HSI GSI)
Impacts
Potential improper re-direction of energy stores at a critical energy-intensive period of reproduction
Alterations to reproduction and reproductive indices could lead to population dynamic changes
Most pronounced effects observed on resident sunfish those which were exposed their entire life
Acknowledgements
Thanks to our collaboratorsSt Cloud State University ndash
Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory
Estrone and Temperature Interactions Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationships in Freshwater Fish
Estrone and Temperature Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationship in Freshwater Fish
Introduction
Hypothesis
Exposure Systems
Predator Avoidance response
Calcein Staining
Slide Number 8
Slide Number 9
Slide Number 10
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
Results Recap
Discussion
Significance
Acknowledgements
Questions
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastwateer Land Application Sites
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastewater Land Application Sites
Some Definitions
Problem amp Significance
Problem amp Significance
Objectives
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in shallow groundwater near 7 LSTSRIB facilities
Objective (a) - Methods
Facility Locations
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
Comparison to MN Ambient Groundwater
PrioritizationScreening Assessment
Prioritization Assessment - Surface Water
Screening Assessment ndash Human Health
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b) - Methods
Agricultural Field Results
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary
Acknowledgements
Questions
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
Outline
PFAS ndash General overview
What is an emerging contaminant
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Federal and State EC Programs
What are PFAS
UsesSources
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
The Impetus for Change
Slide Number 14
Slide Number 15
Slide Number 16
Slide Number 17
Slide Number 18
Slide Number 19
Slide Number 20
Slide Number 21
Slide Number 22
Slide Number 23
Slide Number 24
Slide Number 25
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnows (pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Maumee River
Maumee River
Study Objective
Slide Number 5
Slide Number 6
Slide Number 7
Slide Number 8
Water Chemistry
Water Chemistry
Fathead Minnow Fecundity
Larval Fathead Minnow
Sunfish Blood Glucose
Slide Number 14
Resident Sunfish Gonadosomatic Index
Slide Number 16
Male Fathead Minnow Condition Factor
Discussion
Impacts
Acknowledgements
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Storm Water Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Stormwater Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
Facility Locations
Erickson et al (submitted)
LSTS
RIBStatic water level 2 - 40 ft
10 ndash 100 m
10 ndash 100 m
LSTSRIB Results
34 micropollutants detected at least once Pharmaceuticals (19) flame retardants pesticides
industrial chemicals Mixtures of 2 ndash 26 micropollutants in all samples Sulfamethoxazole was detected in ALL samples
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b)
Objective (b) - Methods1 agricultural field ndash irrigates with domestic septage
Soil 4 sample locations 1 sample event
Chemical analyses Other wastewater
indicators Sterols amp hormones Antibiotics amp
pharmaceuticals
Agricultural Field Results
32 micropollutants detected in soil Fragrances bisphenol A PAHs etc More hormones and sterols detected relative to
other analyzed chemicals Carbamazepine ciprofloxacin ofloxacin in all
samples Ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin in mgkg range
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary 34 micropollutants detected in groundwater
near LSTSRIB facilities mostly pharmaceuticals Some detectionsconcentrations of potential
concern to aquatic and human health Soils receiving wastewater may be a
repository for some organic contaminants More research on fate amp transport needs to
be conducted to better understand how these BMPs contribute to contaminant load to environment
Acknowledgements
Funding State of Minnesota Clean Water Fund USGS Cooperative Matching Fund
Daniel Morel and Brent Mason sampling Facility owners and operators
Questions
Sarah Elliottselliottusgsgov
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
18 October 2017
Shalene Thomas Amec Foster WheelerHannah Albertus-Benham Amec Foster Wheeler
Outline
1 Introduction and Background The Concern What are Emerging Contaminants Why are they different PFAS what are they and where are they used
2 The Response PFAS Case Study Regulatory Landscape and overview Case Study Summary Facility Management Considerations
3 Summary
2 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
PFAS ndash General overview
Federal and State Programs
What is the concern
Why are they different
What are Emerging Contaminants
3 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
What is an emerging contaminant
4
DoD and EPA definitions generally state
1 Presents potential unacceptable risk
2 Has no published standard3 New science detection or
exposure pathway available12 3
1DoD Instruction 471518 Emerging Contaminants June 11 2009 DUSD (IampE) is Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Installation and Environment2EPA Federal Facilities Restoration and Reuse Officehttpwwwepagovfedfacdocumentsemerging_contaminantshtmadditional_ec
3 httptoxicsusgsgovregionalemc
EC News
Phase IAssessment
Phase IIAssessment
DoD Scan Watch Action Process
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 20175
Department of Defense Emerging Contaminants
EPA Office of Water Contaminants of Emerging Concern
Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs)
PBDEs
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Persistent Bioaccumulative
Toxic
Use and Contamination is
Widespread
Regulatory and Legal Actions
Rising
Risk Review Management Mitigation
6 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)
Unregulated Contaminant
Monitoring Rule(UCMR)
Center for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC)
National Health and Nutrition
Examination Survey (NHANES)
State Biomonitoring Cooperative Agreement
Seven States with Specific Risk Management Programs Addressing Emerging Contaminants
WA AZ MN NY ME VT
Federal and State EC Programs
7 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
What are PFAS
8
Fluorinated Substances
Perfluoroalkylsubstance
(formerly PFCs)Polyfluoroalkyl
substance
ie FTOH
ie82 FTOH
Note This is a simplified representation of fluorinated substance sub-classes and in no way represents the entire fluorinated substances class
3 RC Buck et al Guide to PFASs in the Environment- Integr Environ Assess Manag 7 2011
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
PFSA
ie PFOSie PFOA
PFCA
UsesSources
Oil and Gas Extraction Electroplating(mist suppressants)
Manufacturing Processes Intermediates By-products
Consumer ProductsSemiconductor
Industry
Aqueous film forming foams
9 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
10
Case Study
Regulatory Landscape
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Facility Management
US Water Criteria
11
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
USEPA 007 007 1
04 04 2
Alaska (AK) 040 040 2
Connecticut (CT) 007 007 2
Delaware (DE) 007 007 2
Iowa (IA) 007 007 2
Maine (ME) 007 007 1
013 056 2
005 12 3
Michigan (MI) 042 0011 4
007 007 2
Minnesota (MN) 0035 0027 2
Nevada (NV) 1
New Hampshire (NH) 007 007 2
New Jersey (NJ) 0014 1
North Carolina (NC) 2 2
Oregon (OR) 24 300 4
Texas (TX) 029 056 2
Vermont (VT) 002 002 12
US EPA
US by State
NOTES
1= drinking water2= groundwater3= recreational water4= surface water
= Promulgated rule (AK IA MI NH NC OR TX VT) = Promulgation anticipated proposed or recommended (MN NJ)= Calculated using the EPA RSL calculator
OTHER NOTABLES
bull 70 of the states adopted criteria within the last 2 yrsbull Several states have adopted criteria for other PFAS
bull CT DE MN NV NJ OR and TXbull CERCLA 5-Year reviews serving as Site ldquoRe-Openersrdquobull Administrative Orders from EPA despite promulgated
rulebull States have adopted Emergency Rules bull Site Clean-Up Goals vary broadly
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
International Water Criteria
12
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
Australia health-based 056 007 1health-based 56 07 2
Canada screening value 02 06 1Denmark screening value 01 01 1Germany health-based 03 03 1
administrative 01 01 1Italy health-based 05 1
screening value 01 3Netherlands health-based 053 1
4 McGuire M E et al (2014) Evidence of remediation-induced alteration of subsurface poly- and perfluoroalkyl substance distribution at a former firefighter training area Environmental Science amp Technology 48(12) 6644-6652
20 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Wastewater and Managementbull Water treatment containment
reusedischargebull Biosolids management reuse
5 Xindi C Hu et al Detection of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in the US Drinking Water Linked to Industrial Sites Military Fire Training Areas and Wastewater Treatment Plants Environmental Science and Technology Letters (August 2016) 3 344-350 DOI 101021ascastlett6b00260
6 US Environmental Protection Agency FACT SHEET Perfluorochemical (PFC) Contaminationof Biosolids Near Decatur Alabama March 20117 httpwwwafcecafmilNewsArticle-DisplayArticle466187air-force-earth-day-2013-emphasis-on-water-conservation
Water reuse Source Construction (compaction dust suppression) Irrigation (grounds golf course)
21 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Stormwaterbull gt95 detection across samples collectedbull Non-point source contributionbull Management via
passive treatment collection and treatment retention
bull Currently being maintained on propertybull Staged until later datebull Liabilities minimized by storing on-sitebull Some disposal facilities refusing to accept
AFFF Foam- Best Management Practices Consider entire life cycle
bull Procurement bull Management of wastewater during testing
and flushingbull Disposal practices
22 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
The ldquotake-home messagesrdquohellip
1 Keep one eye open- the PFAS regulatory framework is evolving quickly
2 Science is not always driving decisions
3 Evaluate and manage liabilities proactively to avoid unintended consequences
PFAS Regulatory Status and Prognosis
PFAS Strategic Management Today
23 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Upcoming ConferencesAEHS Amherst MA- Oct 16-19SETAC Annual Conference Minneapolis MN- Nov 16-18Battelle Chlorinated Conference Palm Springs CA ndashApril 8-12
Industry PublicationsNGWA Groundwater and PFAS State of Knowledge and Practice- due out Fall 2017ITRC PFAS Fact Sheets- 6 in total before the end of 2017Podcast Understanding Emerging Contaminants and Regulatory Matters (httpsitunesapplecomuspodcastcivil-engineering-podcastid993416182mt=2) Woodard S et al 2017 Ion exchange resin for PFAS removal and pilot test comparison to GAC Remediation 2017 2719-27
Where to find us
24 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Questions
Thank youShalene Thomas MS PMPEmerging Contaminants Program ManagerWood dba Amec Foster Wheeler
Male Fathead Minnow Condition FactorMean BCF vs Treatment (Fathead Minnow)
Treatment
BLK GRM BCR FMP PBG USC SCR TWP MIX000
001
002
003
004
005
006Mean
2017
Upstream Downstream
Statistically different means indicated by differing letters
A
BBB
ABAB
ABABAB
Discussion
Varied water chemistry depicts a system with multiple inputs from both known (effluent) and unknown (runoff) sources
Alterations to FHM fecundity and body condition factor represent a complex river system with varying inputs
Sunfish indices (glucose HSI GSI) detail the importance of entire life-cycle exposure due to strong upstream to downstream trends (glucose) and individual site effects (HSI GSI)
Impacts
Potential improper re-direction of energy stores at a critical energy-intensive period of reproduction
Alterations to reproduction and reproductive indices could lead to population dynamic changes
Most pronounced effects observed on resident sunfish those which were exposed their entire life
Acknowledgements
Thanks to our collaboratorsSt Cloud State University ndash
Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory
Estrone and Temperature Interactions Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationships in Freshwater Fish
Estrone and Temperature Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationship in Freshwater Fish
Introduction
Hypothesis
Exposure Systems
Predator Avoidance response
Calcein Staining
Slide Number 8
Slide Number 9
Slide Number 10
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
Results Recap
Discussion
Significance
Acknowledgements
Questions
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastwateer Land Application Sites
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastewater Land Application Sites
Some Definitions
Problem amp Significance
Problem amp Significance
Objectives
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in shallow groundwater near 7 LSTSRIB facilities
Objective (a) - Methods
Facility Locations
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
Comparison to MN Ambient Groundwater
PrioritizationScreening Assessment
Prioritization Assessment - Surface Water
Screening Assessment ndash Human Health
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b) - Methods
Agricultural Field Results
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary
Acknowledgements
Questions
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
Outline
PFAS ndash General overview
What is an emerging contaminant
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Federal and State EC Programs
What are PFAS
UsesSources
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
The Impetus for Change
Slide Number 14
Slide Number 15
Slide Number 16
Slide Number 17
Slide Number 18
Slide Number 19
Slide Number 20
Slide Number 21
Slide Number 22
Slide Number 23
Slide Number 24
Slide Number 25
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnows (pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Maumee River
Maumee River
Study Objective
Slide Number 5
Slide Number 6
Slide Number 7
Slide Number 8
Water Chemistry
Water Chemistry
Fathead Minnow Fecundity
Larval Fathead Minnow
Sunfish Blood Glucose
Slide Number 14
Resident Sunfish Gonadosomatic Index
Slide Number 16
Male Fathead Minnow Condition Factor
Discussion
Impacts
Acknowledgements
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Storm Water Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Stormwater Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
LSTSRIB Results
34 micropollutants detected at least once Pharmaceuticals (19) flame retardants pesticides
industrial chemicals Mixtures of 2 ndash 26 micropollutants in all samples Sulfamethoxazole was detected in ALL samples
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b)
Objective (b) - Methods1 agricultural field ndash irrigates with domestic septage
Soil 4 sample locations 1 sample event
Chemical analyses Other wastewater
indicators Sterols amp hormones Antibiotics amp
pharmaceuticals
Agricultural Field Results
32 micropollutants detected in soil Fragrances bisphenol A PAHs etc More hormones and sterols detected relative to
other analyzed chemicals Carbamazepine ciprofloxacin ofloxacin in all
samples Ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin in mgkg range
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary 34 micropollutants detected in groundwater
near LSTSRIB facilities mostly pharmaceuticals Some detectionsconcentrations of potential
concern to aquatic and human health Soils receiving wastewater may be a
repository for some organic contaminants More research on fate amp transport needs to
be conducted to better understand how these BMPs contribute to contaminant load to environment
Acknowledgements
Funding State of Minnesota Clean Water Fund USGS Cooperative Matching Fund
Daniel Morel and Brent Mason sampling Facility owners and operators
Questions
Sarah Elliottselliottusgsgov
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
18 October 2017
Shalene Thomas Amec Foster WheelerHannah Albertus-Benham Amec Foster Wheeler
Outline
1 Introduction and Background The Concern What are Emerging Contaminants Why are they different PFAS what are they and where are they used
2 The Response PFAS Case Study Regulatory Landscape and overview Case Study Summary Facility Management Considerations
3 Summary
2 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
PFAS ndash General overview
Federal and State Programs
What is the concern
Why are they different
What are Emerging Contaminants
3 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
What is an emerging contaminant
4
DoD and EPA definitions generally state
1 Presents potential unacceptable risk
2 Has no published standard3 New science detection or
exposure pathway available12 3
1DoD Instruction 471518 Emerging Contaminants June 11 2009 DUSD (IampE) is Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Installation and Environment2EPA Federal Facilities Restoration and Reuse Officehttpwwwepagovfedfacdocumentsemerging_contaminantshtmadditional_ec
3 httptoxicsusgsgovregionalemc
EC News
Phase IAssessment
Phase IIAssessment
DoD Scan Watch Action Process
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 20175
Department of Defense Emerging Contaminants
EPA Office of Water Contaminants of Emerging Concern
Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs)
PBDEs
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Persistent Bioaccumulative
Toxic
Use and Contamination is
Widespread
Regulatory and Legal Actions
Rising
Risk Review Management Mitigation
6 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)
Unregulated Contaminant
Monitoring Rule(UCMR)
Center for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC)
National Health and Nutrition
Examination Survey (NHANES)
State Biomonitoring Cooperative Agreement
Seven States with Specific Risk Management Programs Addressing Emerging Contaminants
WA AZ MN NY ME VT
Federal and State EC Programs
7 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
What are PFAS
8
Fluorinated Substances
Perfluoroalkylsubstance
(formerly PFCs)Polyfluoroalkyl
substance
ie FTOH
ie82 FTOH
Note This is a simplified representation of fluorinated substance sub-classes and in no way represents the entire fluorinated substances class
3 RC Buck et al Guide to PFASs in the Environment- Integr Environ Assess Manag 7 2011
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
PFSA
ie PFOSie PFOA
PFCA
UsesSources
Oil and Gas Extraction Electroplating(mist suppressants)
Manufacturing Processes Intermediates By-products
Consumer ProductsSemiconductor
Industry
Aqueous film forming foams
9 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
10
Case Study
Regulatory Landscape
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Facility Management
US Water Criteria
11
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
USEPA 007 007 1
04 04 2
Alaska (AK) 040 040 2
Connecticut (CT) 007 007 2
Delaware (DE) 007 007 2
Iowa (IA) 007 007 2
Maine (ME) 007 007 1
013 056 2
005 12 3
Michigan (MI) 042 0011 4
007 007 2
Minnesota (MN) 0035 0027 2
Nevada (NV) 1
New Hampshire (NH) 007 007 2
New Jersey (NJ) 0014 1
North Carolina (NC) 2 2
Oregon (OR) 24 300 4
Texas (TX) 029 056 2
Vermont (VT) 002 002 12
US EPA
US by State
NOTES
1= drinking water2= groundwater3= recreational water4= surface water
= Promulgated rule (AK IA MI NH NC OR TX VT) = Promulgation anticipated proposed or recommended (MN NJ)= Calculated using the EPA RSL calculator
OTHER NOTABLES
bull 70 of the states adopted criteria within the last 2 yrsbull Several states have adopted criteria for other PFAS
bull CT DE MN NV NJ OR and TXbull CERCLA 5-Year reviews serving as Site ldquoRe-Openersrdquobull Administrative Orders from EPA despite promulgated
rulebull States have adopted Emergency Rules bull Site Clean-Up Goals vary broadly
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
International Water Criteria
12
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
Australia health-based 056 007 1health-based 56 07 2
Canada screening value 02 06 1Denmark screening value 01 01 1Germany health-based 03 03 1
administrative 01 01 1Italy health-based 05 1
screening value 01 3Netherlands health-based 053 1
4 McGuire M E et al (2014) Evidence of remediation-induced alteration of subsurface poly- and perfluoroalkyl substance distribution at a former firefighter training area Environmental Science amp Technology 48(12) 6644-6652
20 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Wastewater and Managementbull Water treatment containment
reusedischargebull Biosolids management reuse
5 Xindi C Hu et al Detection of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in the US Drinking Water Linked to Industrial Sites Military Fire Training Areas and Wastewater Treatment Plants Environmental Science and Technology Letters (August 2016) 3 344-350 DOI 101021ascastlett6b00260
6 US Environmental Protection Agency FACT SHEET Perfluorochemical (PFC) Contaminationof Biosolids Near Decatur Alabama March 20117 httpwwwafcecafmilNewsArticle-DisplayArticle466187air-force-earth-day-2013-emphasis-on-water-conservation
Water reuse Source Construction (compaction dust suppression) Irrigation (grounds golf course)
21 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Stormwaterbull gt95 detection across samples collectedbull Non-point source contributionbull Management via
passive treatment collection and treatment retention
bull Currently being maintained on propertybull Staged until later datebull Liabilities minimized by storing on-sitebull Some disposal facilities refusing to accept
AFFF Foam- Best Management Practices Consider entire life cycle
bull Procurement bull Management of wastewater during testing
and flushingbull Disposal practices
22 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
The ldquotake-home messagesrdquohellip
1 Keep one eye open- the PFAS regulatory framework is evolving quickly
2 Science is not always driving decisions
3 Evaluate and manage liabilities proactively to avoid unintended consequences
PFAS Regulatory Status and Prognosis
PFAS Strategic Management Today
23 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Upcoming ConferencesAEHS Amherst MA- Oct 16-19SETAC Annual Conference Minneapolis MN- Nov 16-18Battelle Chlorinated Conference Palm Springs CA ndashApril 8-12
Industry PublicationsNGWA Groundwater and PFAS State of Knowledge and Practice- due out Fall 2017ITRC PFAS Fact Sheets- 6 in total before the end of 2017Podcast Understanding Emerging Contaminants and Regulatory Matters (httpsitunesapplecomuspodcastcivil-engineering-podcastid993416182mt=2) Woodard S et al 2017 Ion exchange resin for PFAS removal and pilot test comparison to GAC Remediation 2017 2719-27
Where to find us
24 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Questions
Thank youShalene Thomas MS PMPEmerging Contaminants Program ManagerWood dba Amec Foster Wheeler
Male Fathead Minnow Condition FactorMean BCF vs Treatment (Fathead Minnow)
Treatment
BLK GRM BCR FMP PBG USC SCR TWP MIX000
001
002
003
004
005
006Mean
2017
Upstream Downstream
Statistically different means indicated by differing letters
A
BBB
ABAB
ABABAB
Discussion
Varied water chemistry depicts a system with multiple inputs from both known (effluent) and unknown (runoff) sources
Alterations to FHM fecundity and body condition factor represent a complex river system with varying inputs
Sunfish indices (glucose HSI GSI) detail the importance of entire life-cycle exposure due to strong upstream to downstream trends (glucose) and individual site effects (HSI GSI)
Impacts
Potential improper re-direction of energy stores at a critical energy-intensive period of reproduction
Alterations to reproduction and reproductive indices could lead to population dynamic changes
Most pronounced effects observed on resident sunfish those which were exposed their entire life
Acknowledgements
Thanks to our collaboratorsSt Cloud State University ndash
Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory
Estrone and Temperature Interactions Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationships in Freshwater Fish
Estrone and Temperature Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationship in Freshwater Fish
Introduction
Hypothesis
Exposure Systems
Predator Avoidance response
Calcein Staining
Slide Number 8
Slide Number 9
Slide Number 10
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
Results Recap
Discussion
Significance
Acknowledgements
Questions
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastwateer Land Application Sites
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastewater Land Application Sites
Some Definitions
Problem amp Significance
Problem amp Significance
Objectives
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in shallow groundwater near 7 LSTSRIB facilities
Objective (a) - Methods
Facility Locations
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
Comparison to MN Ambient Groundwater
PrioritizationScreening Assessment
Prioritization Assessment - Surface Water
Screening Assessment ndash Human Health
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b) - Methods
Agricultural Field Results
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary
Acknowledgements
Questions
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
Outline
PFAS ndash General overview
What is an emerging contaminant
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Federal and State EC Programs
What are PFAS
UsesSources
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
The Impetus for Change
Slide Number 14
Slide Number 15
Slide Number 16
Slide Number 17
Slide Number 18
Slide Number 19
Slide Number 20
Slide Number 21
Slide Number 22
Slide Number 23
Slide Number 24
Slide Number 25
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnows (pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b)
Objective (b) - Methods1 agricultural field ndash irrigates with domestic septage
Soil 4 sample locations 1 sample event
Chemical analyses Other wastewater
indicators Sterols amp hormones Antibiotics amp
pharmaceuticals
Agricultural Field Results
32 micropollutants detected in soil Fragrances bisphenol A PAHs etc More hormones and sterols detected relative to
other analyzed chemicals Carbamazepine ciprofloxacin ofloxacin in all
samples Ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin in mgkg range
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary 34 micropollutants detected in groundwater
near LSTSRIB facilities mostly pharmaceuticals Some detectionsconcentrations of potential
concern to aquatic and human health Soils receiving wastewater may be a
repository for some organic contaminants More research on fate amp transport needs to
be conducted to better understand how these BMPs contribute to contaminant load to environment
Acknowledgements
Funding State of Minnesota Clean Water Fund USGS Cooperative Matching Fund
Daniel Morel and Brent Mason sampling Facility owners and operators
Questions
Sarah Elliottselliottusgsgov
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
18 October 2017
Shalene Thomas Amec Foster WheelerHannah Albertus-Benham Amec Foster Wheeler
Outline
1 Introduction and Background The Concern What are Emerging Contaminants Why are they different PFAS what are they and where are they used
2 The Response PFAS Case Study Regulatory Landscape and overview Case Study Summary Facility Management Considerations
3 Summary
2 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
PFAS ndash General overview
Federal and State Programs
What is the concern
Why are they different
What are Emerging Contaminants
3 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
What is an emerging contaminant
4
DoD and EPA definitions generally state
1 Presents potential unacceptable risk
2 Has no published standard3 New science detection or
exposure pathway available12 3
1DoD Instruction 471518 Emerging Contaminants June 11 2009 DUSD (IampE) is Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Installation and Environment2EPA Federal Facilities Restoration and Reuse Officehttpwwwepagovfedfacdocumentsemerging_contaminantshtmadditional_ec
3 httptoxicsusgsgovregionalemc
EC News
Phase IAssessment
Phase IIAssessment
DoD Scan Watch Action Process
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 20175
Department of Defense Emerging Contaminants
EPA Office of Water Contaminants of Emerging Concern
Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs)
PBDEs
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Persistent Bioaccumulative
Toxic
Use and Contamination is
Widespread
Regulatory and Legal Actions
Rising
Risk Review Management Mitigation
6 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)
Unregulated Contaminant
Monitoring Rule(UCMR)
Center for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC)
National Health and Nutrition
Examination Survey (NHANES)
State Biomonitoring Cooperative Agreement
Seven States with Specific Risk Management Programs Addressing Emerging Contaminants
WA AZ MN NY ME VT
Federal and State EC Programs
7 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
What are PFAS
8
Fluorinated Substances
Perfluoroalkylsubstance
(formerly PFCs)Polyfluoroalkyl
substance
ie FTOH
ie82 FTOH
Note This is a simplified representation of fluorinated substance sub-classes and in no way represents the entire fluorinated substances class
3 RC Buck et al Guide to PFASs in the Environment- Integr Environ Assess Manag 7 2011
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
PFSA
ie PFOSie PFOA
PFCA
UsesSources
Oil and Gas Extraction Electroplating(mist suppressants)
Manufacturing Processes Intermediates By-products
Consumer ProductsSemiconductor
Industry
Aqueous film forming foams
9 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
10
Case Study
Regulatory Landscape
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Facility Management
US Water Criteria
11
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
USEPA 007 007 1
04 04 2
Alaska (AK) 040 040 2
Connecticut (CT) 007 007 2
Delaware (DE) 007 007 2
Iowa (IA) 007 007 2
Maine (ME) 007 007 1
013 056 2
005 12 3
Michigan (MI) 042 0011 4
007 007 2
Minnesota (MN) 0035 0027 2
Nevada (NV) 1
New Hampshire (NH) 007 007 2
New Jersey (NJ) 0014 1
North Carolina (NC) 2 2
Oregon (OR) 24 300 4
Texas (TX) 029 056 2
Vermont (VT) 002 002 12
US EPA
US by State
NOTES
1= drinking water2= groundwater3= recreational water4= surface water
= Promulgated rule (AK IA MI NH NC OR TX VT) = Promulgation anticipated proposed or recommended (MN NJ)= Calculated using the EPA RSL calculator
OTHER NOTABLES
bull 70 of the states adopted criteria within the last 2 yrsbull Several states have adopted criteria for other PFAS
bull CT DE MN NV NJ OR and TXbull CERCLA 5-Year reviews serving as Site ldquoRe-Openersrdquobull Administrative Orders from EPA despite promulgated
rulebull States have adopted Emergency Rules bull Site Clean-Up Goals vary broadly
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
International Water Criteria
12
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
Australia health-based 056 007 1health-based 56 07 2
Canada screening value 02 06 1Denmark screening value 01 01 1Germany health-based 03 03 1
administrative 01 01 1Italy health-based 05 1
screening value 01 3Netherlands health-based 053 1
4 McGuire M E et al (2014) Evidence of remediation-induced alteration of subsurface poly- and perfluoroalkyl substance distribution at a former firefighter training area Environmental Science amp Technology 48(12) 6644-6652
20 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Wastewater and Managementbull Water treatment containment
reusedischargebull Biosolids management reuse
5 Xindi C Hu et al Detection of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in the US Drinking Water Linked to Industrial Sites Military Fire Training Areas and Wastewater Treatment Plants Environmental Science and Technology Letters (August 2016) 3 344-350 DOI 101021ascastlett6b00260
6 US Environmental Protection Agency FACT SHEET Perfluorochemical (PFC) Contaminationof Biosolids Near Decatur Alabama March 20117 httpwwwafcecafmilNewsArticle-DisplayArticle466187air-force-earth-day-2013-emphasis-on-water-conservation
Water reuse Source Construction (compaction dust suppression) Irrigation (grounds golf course)
21 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Stormwaterbull gt95 detection across samples collectedbull Non-point source contributionbull Management via
passive treatment collection and treatment retention
bull Currently being maintained on propertybull Staged until later datebull Liabilities minimized by storing on-sitebull Some disposal facilities refusing to accept
AFFF Foam- Best Management Practices Consider entire life cycle
bull Procurement bull Management of wastewater during testing
and flushingbull Disposal practices
22 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
The ldquotake-home messagesrdquohellip
1 Keep one eye open- the PFAS regulatory framework is evolving quickly
2 Science is not always driving decisions
3 Evaluate and manage liabilities proactively to avoid unintended consequences
PFAS Regulatory Status and Prognosis
PFAS Strategic Management Today
23 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Upcoming ConferencesAEHS Amherst MA- Oct 16-19SETAC Annual Conference Minneapolis MN- Nov 16-18Battelle Chlorinated Conference Palm Springs CA ndashApril 8-12
Industry PublicationsNGWA Groundwater and PFAS State of Knowledge and Practice- due out Fall 2017ITRC PFAS Fact Sheets- 6 in total before the end of 2017Podcast Understanding Emerging Contaminants and Regulatory Matters (httpsitunesapplecomuspodcastcivil-engineering-podcastid993416182mt=2) Woodard S et al 2017 Ion exchange resin for PFAS removal and pilot test comparison to GAC Remediation 2017 2719-27
Where to find us
24 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Questions
Thank youShalene Thomas MS PMPEmerging Contaminants Program ManagerWood dba Amec Foster Wheeler
Male Fathead Minnow Condition FactorMean BCF vs Treatment (Fathead Minnow)
Treatment
BLK GRM BCR FMP PBG USC SCR TWP MIX000
001
002
003
004
005
006Mean
2017
Upstream Downstream
Statistically different means indicated by differing letters
A
BBB
ABAB
ABABAB
Discussion
Varied water chemistry depicts a system with multiple inputs from both known (effluent) and unknown (runoff) sources
Alterations to FHM fecundity and body condition factor represent a complex river system with varying inputs
Sunfish indices (glucose HSI GSI) detail the importance of entire life-cycle exposure due to strong upstream to downstream trends (glucose) and individual site effects (HSI GSI)
Impacts
Potential improper re-direction of energy stores at a critical energy-intensive period of reproduction
Alterations to reproduction and reproductive indices could lead to population dynamic changes
Most pronounced effects observed on resident sunfish those which were exposed their entire life
Acknowledgements
Thanks to our collaboratorsSt Cloud State University ndash
Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory
Estrone and Temperature Interactions Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationships in Freshwater Fish
Estrone and Temperature Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationship in Freshwater Fish
Introduction
Hypothesis
Exposure Systems
Predator Avoidance response
Calcein Staining
Slide Number 8
Slide Number 9
Slide Number 10
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
Results Recap
Discussion
Significance
Acknowledgements
Questions
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastwateer Land Application Sites
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastewater Land Application Sites
Some Definitions
Problem amp Significance
Problem amp Significance
Objectives
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in shallow groundwater near 7 LSTSRIB facilities
Objective (a) - Methods
Facility Locations
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
Comparison to MN Ambient Groundwater
PrioritizationScreening Assessment
Prioritization Assessment - Surface Water
Screening Assessment ndash Human Health
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b) - Methods
Agricultural Field Results
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary
Acknowledgements
Questions
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
Outline
PFAS ndash General overview
What is an emerging contaminant
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Federal and State EC Programs
What are PFAS
UsesSources
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
The Impetus for Change
Slide Number 14
Slide Number 15
Slide Number 16
Slide Number 17
Slide Number 18
Slide Number 19
Slide Number 20
Slide Number 21
Slide Number 22
Slide Number 23
Slide Number 24
Slide Number 25
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnows (pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b)
Objective (b) - Methods1 agricultural field ndash irrigates with domestic septage
Soil 4 sample locations 1 sample event
Chemical analyses Other wastewater
indicators Sterols amp hormones Antibiotics amp
pharmaceuticals
Agricultural Field Results
32 micropollutants detected in soil Fragrances bisphenol A PAHs etc More hormones and sterols detected relative to
other analyzed chemicals Carbamazepine ciprofloxacin ofloxacin in all
samples Ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin in mgkg range
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary 34 micropollutants detected in groundwater
near LSTSRIB facilities mostly pharmaceuticals Some detectionsconcentrations of potential
concern to aquatic and human health Soils receiving wastewater may be a
repository for some organic contaminants More research on fate amp transport needs to
be conducted to better understand how these BMPs contribute to contaminant load to environment
Acknowledgements
Funding State of Minnesota Clean Water Fund USGS Cooperative Matching Fund
Daniel Morel and Brent Mason sampling Facility owners and operators
Questions
Sarah Elliottselliottusgsgov
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
18 October 2017
Shalene Thomas Amec Foster WheelerHannah Albertus-Benham Amec Foster Wheeler
Outline
1 Introduction and Background The Concern What are Emerging Contaminants Why are they different PFAS what are they and where are they used
2 The Response PFAS Case Study Regulatory Landscape and overview Case Study Summary Facility Management Considerations
3 Summary
2 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
PFAS ndash General overview
Federal and State Programs
What is the concern
Why are they different
What are Emerging Contaminants
3 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
What is an emerging contaminant
4
DoD and EPA definitions generally state
1 Presents potential unacceptable risk
2 Has no published standard3 New science detection or
exposure pathway available12 3
1DoD Instruction 471518 Emerging Contaminants June 11 2009 DUSD (IampE) is Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Installation and Environment2EPA Federal Facilities Restoration and Reuse Officehttpwwwepagovfedfacdocumentsemerging_contaminantshtmadditional_ec
3 httptoxicsusgsgovregionalemc
EC News
Phase IAssessment
Phase IIAssessment
DoD Scan Watch Action Process
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 20175
Department of Defense Emerging Contaminants
EPA Office of Water Contaminants of Emerging Concern
Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs)
PBDEs
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Persistent Bioaccumulative
Toxic
Use and Contamination is
Widespread
Regulatory and Legal Actions
Rising
Risk Review Management Mitigation
6 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)
Unregulated Contaminant
Monitoring Rule(UCMR)
Center for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC)
National Health and Nutrition
Examination Survey (NHANES)
State Biomonitoring Cooperative Agreement
Seven States with Specific Risk Management Programs Addressing Emerging Contaminants
WA AZ MN NY ME VT
Federal and State EC Programs
7 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
What are PFAS
8
Fluorinated Substances
Perfluoroalkylsubstance
(formerly PFCs)Polyfluoroalkyl
substance
ie FTOH
ie82 FTOH
Note This is a simplified representation of fluorinated substance sub-classes and in no way represents the entire fluorinated substances class
3 RC Buck et al Guide to PFASs in the Environment- Integr Environ Assess Manag 7 2011
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
PFSA
ie PFOSie PFOA
PFCA
UsesSources
Oil and Gas Extraction Electroplating(mist suppressants)
Manufacturing Processes Intermediates By-products
Consumer ProductsSemiconductor
Industry
Aqueous film forming foams
9 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
10
Case Study
Regulatory Landscape
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Facility Management
US Water Criteria
11
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
USEPA 007 007 1
04 04 2
Alaska (AK) 040 040 2
Connecticut (CT) 007 007 2
Delaware (DE) 007 007 2
Iowa (IA) 007 007 2
Maine (ME) 007 007 1
013 056 2
005 12 3
Michigan (MI) 042 0011 4
007 007 2
Minnesota (MN) 0035 0027 2
Nevada (NV) 1
New Hampshire (NH) 007 007 2
New Jersey (NJ) 0014 1
North Carolina (NC) 2 2
Oregon (OR) 24 300 4
Texas (TX) 029 056 2
Vermont (VT) 002 002 12
US EPA
US by State
NOTES
1= drinking water2= groundwater3= recreational water4= surface water
= Promulgated rule (AK IA MI NH NC OR TX VT) = Promulgation anticipated proposed or recommended (MN NJ)= Calculated using the EPA RSL calculator
OTHER NOTABLES
bull 70 of the states adopted criteria within the last 2 yrsbull Several states have adopted criteria for other PFAS
bull CT DE MN NV NJ OR and TXbull CERCLA 5-Year reviews serving as Site ldquoRe-Openersrdquobull Administrative Orders from EPA despite promulgated
rulebull States have adopted Emergency Rules bull Site Clean-Up Goals vary broadly
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
International Water Criteria
12
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
Australia health-based 056 007 1health-based 56 07 2
Canada screening value 02 06 1Denmark screening value 01 01 1Germany health-based 03 03 1
administrative 01 01 1Italy health-based 05 1
screening value 01 3Netherlands health-based 053 1
4 McGuire M E et al (2014) Evidence of remediation-induced alteration of subsurface poly- and perfluoroalkyl substance distribution at a former firefighter training area Environmental Science amp Technology 48(12) 6644-6652
20 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Wastewater and Managementbull Water treatment containment
reusedischargebull Biosolids management reuse
5 Xindi C Hu et al Detection of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in the US Drinking Water Linked to Industrial Sites Military Fire Training Areas and Wastewater Treatment Plants Environmental Science and Technology Letters (August 2016) 3 344-350 DOI 101021ascastlett6b00260
6 US Environmental Protection Agency FACT SHEET Perfluorochemical (PFC) Contaminationof Biosolids Near Decatur Alabama March 20117 httpwwwafcecafmilNewsArticle-DisplayArticle466187air-force-earth-day-2013-emphasis-on-water-conservation
Water reuse Source Construction (compaction dust suppression) Irrigation (grounds golf course)
21 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Stormwaterbull gt95 detection across samples collectedbull Non-point source contributionbull Management via
passive treatment collection and treatment retention
bull Currently being maintained on propertybull Staged until later datebull Liabilities minimized by storing on-sitebull Some disposal facilities refusing to accept
AFFF Foam- Best Management Practices Consider entire life cycle
bull Procurement bull Management of wastewater during testing
and flushingbull Disposal practices
22 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
The ldquotake-home messagesrdquohellip
1 Keep one eye open- the PFAS regulatory framework is evolving quickly
2 Science is not always driving decisions
3 Evaluate and manage liabilities proactively to avoid unintended consequences
PFAS Regulatory Status and Prognosis
PFAS Strategic Management Today
23 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Upcoming ConferencesAEHS Amherst MA- Oct 16-19SETAC Annual Conference Minneapolis MN- Nov 16-18Battelle Chlorinated Conference Palm Springs CA ndashApril 8-12
Industry PublicationsNGWA Groundwater and PFAS State of Knowledge and Practice- due out Fall 2017ITRC PFAS Fact Sheets- 6 in total before the end of 2017Podcast Understanding Emerging Contaminants and Regulatory Matters (httpsitunesapplecomuspodcastcivil-engineering-podcastid993416182mt=2) Woodard S et al 2017 Ion exchange resin for PFAS removal and pilot test comparison to GAC Remediation 2017 2719-27
Where to find us
24 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Questions
Thank youShalene Thomas MS PMPEmerging Contaminants Program ManagerWood dba Amec Foster Wheeler
Male Fathead Minnow Condition FactorMean BCF vs Treatment (Fathead Minnow)
Treatment
BLK GRM BCR FMP PBG USC SCR TWP MIX000
001
002
003
004
005
006Mean
2017
Upstream Downstream
Statistically different means indicated by differing letters
A
BBB
ABAB
ABABAB
Discussion
Varied water chemistry depicts a system with multiple inputs from both known (effluent) and unknown (runoff) sources
Alterations to FHM fecundity and body condition factor represent a complex river system with varying inputs
Sunfish indices (glucose HSI GSI) detail the importance of entire life-cycle exposure due to strong upstream to downstream trends (glucose) and individual site effects (HSI GSI)
Impacts
Potential improper re-direction of energy stores at a critical energy-intensive period of reproduction
Alterations to reproduction and reproductive indices could lead to population dynamic changes
Most pronounced effects observed on resident sunfish those which were exposed their entire life
Acknowledgements
Thanks to our collaboratorsSt Cloud State University ndash
Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory
Estrone and Temperature Interactions Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationships in Freshwater Fish
Estrone and Temperature Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationship in Freshwater Fish
Introduction
Hypothesis
Exposure Systems
Predator Avoidance response
Calcein Staining
Slide Number 8
Slide Number 9
Slide Number 10
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
Results Recap
Discussion
Significance
Acknowledgements
Questions
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastwateer Land Application Sites
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastewater Land Application Sites
Some Definitions
Problem amp Significance
Problem amp Significance
Objectives
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in shallow groundwater near 7 LSTSRIB facilities
Objective (a) - Methods
Facility Locations
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
Comparison to MN Ambient Groundwater
PrioritizationScreening Assessment
Prioritization Assessment - Surface Water
Screening Assessment ndash Human Health
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b) - Methods
Agricultural Field Results
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary
Acknowledgements
Questions
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
Outline
PFAS ndash General overview
What is an emerging contaminant
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Federal and State EC Programs
What are PFAS
UsesSources
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
The Impetus for Change
Slide Number 14
Slide Number 15
Slide Number 16
Slide Number 17
Slide Number 18
Slide Number 19
Slide Number 20
Slide Number 21
Slide Number 22
Slide Number 23
Slide Number 24
Slide Number 25
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnows (pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b)
Objective (b) - Methods1 agricultural field ndash irrigates with domestic septage
Soil 4 sample locations 1 sample event
Chemical analyses Other wastewater
indicators Sterols amp hormones Antibiotics amp
pharmaceuticals
Agricultural Field Results
32 micropollutants detected in soil Fragrances bisphenol A PAHs etc More hormones and sterols detected relative to
other analyzed chemicals Carbamazepine ciprofloxacin ofloxacin in all
samples Ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin in mgkg range
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary 34 micropollutants detected in groundwater
near LSTSRIB facilities mostly pharmaceuticals Some detectionsconcentrations of potential
concern to aquatic and human health Soils receiving wastewater may be a
repository for some organic contaminants More research on fate amp transport needs to
be conducted to better understand how these BMPs contribute to contaminant load to environment
Acknowledgements
Funding State of Minnesota Clean Water Fund USGS Cooperative Matching Fund
Daniel Morel and Brent Mason sampling Facility owners and operators
Questions
Sarah Elliottselliottusgsgov
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
18 October 2017
Shalene Thomas Amec Foster WheelerHannah Albertus-Benham Amec Foster Wheeler
Outline
1 Introduction and Background The Concern What are Emerging Contaminants Why are they different PFAS what are they and where are they used
2 The Response PFAS Case Study Regulatory Landscape and overview Case Study Summary Facility Management Considerations
3 Summary
2 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
PFAS ndash General overview
Federal and State Programs
What is the concern
Why are they different
What are Emerging Contaminants
3 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
What is an emerging contaminant
4
DoD and EPA definitions generally state
1 Presents potential unacceptable risk
2 Has no published standard3 New science detection or
exposure pathway available12 3
1DoD Instruction 471518 Emerging Contaminants June 11 2009 DUSD (IampE) is Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Installation and Environment2EPA Federal Facilities Restoration and Reuse Officehttpwwwepagovfedfacdocumentsemerging_contaminantshtmadditional_ec
3 httptoxicsusgsgovregionalemc
EC News
Phase IAssessment
Phase IIAssessment
DoD Scan Watch Action Process
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 20175
Department of Defense Emerging Contaminants
EPA Office of Water Contaminants of Emerging Concern
Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs)
PBDEs
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Persistent Bioaccumulative
Toxic
Use and Contamination is
Widespread
Regulatory and Legal Actions
Rising
Risk Review Management Mitigation
6 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)
Unregulated Contaminant
Monitoring Rule(UCMR)
Center for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC)
National Health and Nutrition
Examination Survey (NHANES)
State Biomonitoring Cooperative Agreement
Seven States with Specific Risk Management Programs Addressing Emerging Contaminants
WA AZ MN NY ME VT
Federal and State EC Programs
7 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
What are PFAS
8
Fluorinated Substances
Perfluoroalkylsubstance
(formerly PFCs)Polyfluoroalkyl
substance
ie FTOH
ie82 FTOH
Note This is a simplified representation of fluorinated substance sub-classes and in no way represents the entire fluorinated substances class
3 RC Buck et al Guide to PFASs in the Environment- Integr Environ Assess Manag 7 2011
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
PFSA
ie PFOSie PFOA
PFCA
UsesSources
Oil and Gas Extraction Electroplating(mist suppressants)
Manufacturing Processes Intermediates By-products
Consumer ProductsSemiconductor
Industry
Aqueous film forming foams
9 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
10
Case Study
Regulatory Landscape
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Facility Management
US Water Criteria
11
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
USEPA 007 007 1
04 04 2
Alaska (AK) 040 040 2
Connecticut (CT) 007 007 2
Delaware (DE) 007 007 2
Iowa (IA) 007 007 2
Maine (ME) 007 007 1
013 056 2
005 12 3
Michigan (MI) 042 0011 4
007 007 2
Minnesota (MN) 0035 0027 2
Nevada (NV) 1
New Hampshire (NH) 007 007 2
New Jersey (NJ) 0014 1
North Carolina (NC) 2 2
Oregon (OR) 24 300 4
Texas (TX) 029 056 2
Vermont (VT) 002 002 12
US EPA
US by State
NOTES
1= drinking water2= groundwater3= recreational water4= surface water
= Promulgated rule (AK IA MI NH NC OR TX VT) = Promulgation anticipated proposed or recommended (MN NJ)= Calculated using the EPA RSL calculator
OTHER NOTABLES
bull 70 of the states adopted criteria within the last 2 yrsbull Several states have adopted criteria for other PFAS
bull CT DE MN NV NJ OR and TXbull CERCLA 5-Year reviews serving as Site ldquoRe-Openersrdquobull Administrative Orders from EPA despite promulgated
rulebull States have adopted Emergency Rules bull Site Clean-Up Goals vary broadly
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
International Water Criteria
12
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
Australia health-based 056 007 1health-based 56 07 2
Canada screening value 02 06 1Denmark screening value 01 01 1Germany health-based 03 03 1
administrative 01 01 1Italy health-based 05 1
screening value 01 3Netherlands health-based 053 1
4 McGuire M E et al (2014) Evidence of remediation-induced alteration of subsurface poly- and perfluoroalkyl substance distribution at a former firefighter training area Environmental Science amp Technology 48(12) 6644-6652
20 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Wastewater and Managementbull Water treatment containment
reusedischargebull Biosolids management reuse
5 Xindi C Hu et al Detection of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in the US Drinking Water Linked to Industrial Sites Military Fire Training Areas and Wastewater Treatment Plants Environmental Science and Technology Letters (August 2016) 3 344-350 DOI 101021ascastlett6b00260
6 US Environmental Protection Agency FACT SHEET Perfluorochemical (PFC) Contaminationof Biosolids Near Decatur Alabama March 20117 httpwwwafcecafmilNewsArticle-DisplayArticle466187air-force-earth-day-2013-emphasis-on-water-conservation
Water reuse Source Construction (compaction dust suppression) Irrigation (grounds golf course)
21 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Stormwaterbull gt95 detection across samples collectedbull Non-point source contributionbull Management via
passive treatment collection and treatment retention
bull Currently being maintained on propertybull Staged until later datebull Liabilities minimized by storing on-sitebull Some disposal facilities refusing to accept
AFFF Foam- Best Management Practices Consider entire life cycle
bull Procurement bull Management of wastewater during testing
and flushingbull Disposal practices
22 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
The ldquotake-home messagesrdquohellip
1 Keep one eye open- the PFAS regulatory framework is evolving quickly
2 Science is not always driving decisions
3 Evaluate and manage liabilities proactively to avoid unintended consequences
PFAS Regulatory Status and Prognosis
PFAS Strategic Management Today
23 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Upcoming ConferencesAEHS Amherst MA- Oct 16-19SETAC Annual Conference Minneapolis MN- Nov 16-18Battelle Chlorinated Conference Palm Springs CA ndashApril 8-12
Industry PublicationsNGWA Groundwater and PFAS State of Knowledge and Practice- due out Fall 2017ITRC PFAS Fact Sheets- 6 in total before the end of 2017Podcast Understanding Emerging Contaminants and Regulatory Matters (httpsitunesapplecomuspodcastcivil-engineering-podcastid993416182mt=2) Woodard S et al 2017 Ion exchange resin for PFAS removal and pilot test comparison to GAC Remediation 2017 2719-27
Where to find us
24 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Questions
Thank youShalene Thomas MS PMPEmerging Contaminants Program ManagerWood dba Amec Foster Wheeler
Male Fathead Minnow Condition FactorMean BCF vs Treatment (Fathead Minnow)
Treatment
BLK GRM BCR FMP PBG USC SCR TWP MIX000
001
002
003
004
005
006Mean
2017
Upstream Downstream
Statistically different means indicated by differing letters
A
BBB
ABAB
ABABAB
Discussion
Varied water chemistry depicts a system with multiple inputs from both known (effluent) and unknown (runoff) sources
Alterations to FHM fecundity and body condition factor represent a complex river system with varying inputs
Sunfish indices (glucose HSI GSI) detail the importance of entire life-cycle exposure due to strong upstream to downstream trends (glucose) and individual site effects (HSI GSI)
Impacts
Potential improper re-direction of energy stores at a critical energy-intensive period of reproduction
Alterations to reproduction and reproductive indices could lead to population dynamic changes
Most pronounced effects observed on resident sunfish those which were exposed their entire life
Acknowledgements
Thanks to our collaboratorsSt Cloud State University ndash
Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory
Estrone and Temperature Interactions Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationships in Freshwater Fish
Estrone and Temperature Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationship in Freshwater Fish
Introduction
Hypothesis
Exposure Systems
Predator Avoidance response
Calcein Staining
Slide Number 8
Slide Number 9
Slide Number 10
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
Results Recap
Discussion
Significance
Acknowledgements
Questions
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastwateer Land Application Sites
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastewater Land Application Sites
Some Definitions
Problem amp Significance
Problem amp Significance
Objectives
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in shallow groundwater near 7 LSTSRIB facilities
Objective (a) - Methods
Facility Locations
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
Comparison to MN Ambient Groundwater
PrioritizationScreening Assessment
Prioritization Assessment - Surface Water
Screening Assessment ndash Human Health
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b) - Methods
Agricultural Field Results
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary
Acknowledgements
Questions
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
Outline
PFAS ndash General overview
What is an emerging contaminant
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Federal and State EC Programs
What are PFAS
UsesSources
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
The Impetus for Change
Slide Number 14
Slide Number 15
Slide Number 16
Slide Number 17
Slide Number 18
Slide Number 19
Slide Number 20
Slide Number 21
Slide Number 22
Slide Number 23
Slide Number 24
Slide Number 25
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnows (pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Maumee River
Maumee River
Study Objective
Slide Number 5
Slide Number 6
Slide Number 7
Slide Number 8
Water Chemistry
Water Chemistry
Fathead Minnow Fecundity
Larval Fathead Minnow
Sunfish Blood Glucose
Slide Number 14
Resident Sunfish Gonadosomatic Index
Slide Number 16
Male Fathead Minnow Condition Factor
Discussion
Impacts
Acknowledgements
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Storm Water Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Stormwater Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
Human Health MDH Pharmaceutical
Rapid AssesmentScreening Values (Suchomel et al 2015)
Concentration consumed daily with no anticipated health risk Not based on
toxicological data so lower values = more conservative
PrioritizationScreening AssessmentAquatic Health
Water quality criteria lacking Prioritization scores
(Berninger et al 2016)
Scores range 1 to 10 Based on adsorption
metabolism elimination in mammals
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10Pr
iorit
izat
ion
Scor
e
Prioritization Assessment - Surface Water
Prioritization rank scores from Berninger et al (2016)
3 115 6 15 1
2 25 6
21 1 1 21
3
2 1 10
Screening Assessment ndash Human Health
Screnning values (SV) from Minnesota Department of Health (Suchomel et al 2015)
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b)
Objective (b) - Methods1 agricultural field ndash irrigates with domestic septage
Soil 4 sample locations 1 sample event
Chemical analyses Other wastewater
indicators Sterols amp hormones Antibiotics amp
pharmaceuticals
Agricultural Field Results
32 micropollutants detected in soil Fragrances bisphenol A PAHs etc More hormones and sterols detected relative to
other analyzed chemicals Carbamazepine ciprofloxacin ofloxacin in all
samples Ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin in mgkg range
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary 34 micropollutants detected in groundwater
near LSTSRIB facilities mostly pharmaceuticals Some detectionsconcentrations of potential
concern to aquatic and human health Soils receiving wastewater may be a
repository for some organic contaminants More research on fate amp transport needs to
be conducted to better understand how these BMPs contribute to contaminant load to environment
Acknowledgements
Funding State of Minnesota Clean Water Fund USGS Cooperative Matching Fund
Daniel Morel and Brent Mason sampling Facility owners and operators
Questions
Sarah Elliottselliottusgsgov
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
18 October 2017
Shalene Thomas Amec Foster WheelerHannah Albertus-Benham Amec Foster Wheeler
Outline
1 Introduction and Background The Concern What are Emerging Contaminants Why are they different PFAS what are they and where are they used
2 The Response PFAS Case Study Regulatory Landscape and overview Case Study Summary Facility Management Considerations
3 Summary
2 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
PFAS ndash General overview
Federal and State Programs
What is the concern
Why are they different
What are Emerging Contaminants
3 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
What is an emerging contaminant
4
DoD and EPA definitions generally state
1 Presents potential unacceptable risk
2 Has no published standard3 New science detection or
exposure pathway available12 3
1DoD Instruction 471518 Emerging Contaminants June 11 2009 DUSD (IampE) is Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Installation and Environment2EPA Federal Facilities Restoration and Reuse Officehttpwwwepagovfedfacdocumentsemerging_contaminantshtmadditional_ec
3 httptoxicsusgsgovregionalemc
EC News
Phase IAssessment
Phase IIAssessment
DoD Scan Watch Action Process
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 20175
Department of Defense Emerging Contaminants
EPA Office of Water Contaminants of Emerging Concern
Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs)
PBDEs
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Persistent Bioaccumulative
Toxic
Use and Contamination is
Widespread
Regulatory and Legal Actions
Rising
Risk Review Management Mitigation
6 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)
Unregulated Contaminant
Monitoring Rule(UCMR)
Center for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC)
National Health and Nutrition
Examination Survey (NHANES)
State Biomonitoring Cooperative Agreement
Seven States with Specific Risk Management Programs Addressing Emerging Contaminants
WA AZ MN NY ME VT
Federal and State EC Programs
7 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
What are PFAS
8
Fluorinated Substances
Perfluoroalkylsubstance
(formerly PFCs)Polyfluoroalkyl
substance
ie FTOH
ie82 FTOH
Note This is a simplified representation of fluorinated substance sub-classes and in no way represents the entire fluorinated substances class
3 RC Buck et al Guide to PFASs in the Environment- Integr Environ Assess Manag 7 2011
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
PFSA
ie PFOSie PFOA
PFCA
UsesSources
Oil and Gas Extraction Electroplating(mist suppressants)
Manufacturing Processes Intermediates By-products
Consumer ProductsSemiconductor
Industry
Aqueous film forming foams
9 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
10
Case Study
Regulatory Landscape
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Facility Management
US Water Criteria
11
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
USEPA 007 007 1
04 04 2
Alaska (AK) 040 040 2
Connecticut (CT) 007 007 2
Delaware (DE) 007 007 2
Iowa (IA) 007 007 2
Maine (ME) 007 007 1
013 056 2
005 12 3
Michigan (MI) 042 0011 4
007 007 2
Minnesota (MN) 0035 0027 2
Nevada (NV) 1
New Hampshire (NH) 007 007 2
New Jersey (NJ) 0014 1
North Carolina (NC) 2 2
Oregon (OR) 24 300 4
Texas (TX) 029 056 2
Vermont (VT) 002 002 12
US EPA
US by State
NOTES
1= drinking water2= groundwater3= recreational water4= surface water
= Promulgated rule (AK IA MI NH NC OR TX VT) = Promulgation anticipated proposed or recommended (MN NJ)= Calculated using the EPA RSL calculator
OTHER NOTABLES
bull 70 of the states adopted criteria within the last 2 yrsbull Several states have adopted criteria for other PFAS
bull CT DE MN NV NJ OR and TXbull CERCLA 5-Year reviews serving as Site ldquoRe-Openersrdquobull Administrative Orders from EPA despite promulgated
rulebull States have adopted Emergency Rules bull Site Clean-Up Goals vary broadly
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
International Water Criteria
12
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
Australia health-based 056 007 1health-based 56 07 2
Canada screening value 02 06 1Denmark screening value 01 01 1Germany health-based 03 03 1
administrative 01 01 1Italy health-based 05 1
screening value 01 3Netherlands health-based 053 1
4 McGuire M E et al (2014) Evidence of remediation-induced alteration of subsurface poly- and perfluoroalkyl substance distribution at a former firefighter training area Environmental Science amp Technology 48(12) 6644-6652
20 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Wastewater and Managementbull Water treatment containment
reusedischargebull Biosolids management reuse
5 Xindi C Hu et al Detection of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in the US Drinking Water Linked to Industrial Sites Military Fire Training Areas and Wastewater Treatment Plants Environmental Science and Technology Letters (August 2016) 3 344-350 DOI 101021ascastlett6b00260
6 US Environmental Protection Agency FACT SHEET Perfluorochemical (PFC) Contaminationof Biosolids Near Decatur Alabama March 20117 httpwwwafcecafmilNewsArticle-DisplayArticle466187air-force-earth-day-2013-emphasis-on-water-conservation
Water reuse Source Construction (compaction dust suppression) Irrigation (grounds golf course)
21 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Stormwaterbull gt95 detection across samples collectedbull Non-point source contributionbull Management via
passive treatment collection and treatment retention
bull Currently being maintained on propertybull Staged until later datebull Liabilities minimized by storing on-sitebull Some disposal facilities refusing to accept
AFFF Foam- Best Management Practices Consider entire life cycle
bull Procurement bull Management of wastewater during testing
and flushingbull Disposal practices
22 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
The ldquotake-home messagesrdquohellip
1 Keep one eye open- the PFAS regulatory framework is evolving quickly
2 Science is not always driving decisions
3 Evaluate and manage liabilities proactively to avoid unintended consequences
PFAS Regulatory Status and Prognosis
PFAS Strategic Management Today
23 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Upcoming ConferencesAEHS Amherst MA- Oct 16-19SETAC Annual Conference Minneapolis MN- Nov 16-18Battelle Chlorinated Conference Palm Springs CA ndashApril 8-12
Industry PublicationsNGWA Groundwater and PFAS State of Knowledge and Practice- due out Fall 2017ITRC PFAS Fact Sheets- 6 in total before the end of 2017Podcast Understanding Emerging Contaminants and Regulatory Matters (httpsitunesapplecomuspodcastcivil-engineering-podcastid993416182mt=2) Woodard S et al 2017 Ion exchange resin for PFAS removal and pilot test comparison to GAC Remediation 2017 2719-27
Where to find us
24 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Questions
Thank youShalene Thomas MS PMPEmerging Contaminants Program ManagerWood dba Amec Foster Wheeler
Male Fathead Minnow Condition FactorMean BCF vs Treatment (Fathead Minnow)
Treatment
BLK GRM BCR FMP PBG USC SCR TWP MIX000
001
002
003
004
005
006Mean
2017
Upstream Downstream
Statistically different means indicated by differing letters
A
BBB
ABAB
ABABAB
Discussion
Varied water chemistry depicts a system with multiple inputs from both known (effluent) and unknown (runoff) sources
Alterations to FHM fecundity and body condition factor represent a complex river system with varying inputs
Sunfish indices (glucose HSI GSI) detail the importance of entire life-cycle exposure due to strong upstream to downstream trends (glucose) and individual site effects (HSI GSI)
Impacts
Potential improper re-direction of energy stores at a critical energy-intensive period of reproduction
Alterations to reproduction and reproductive indices could lead to population dynamic changes
Most pronounced effects observed on resident sunfish those which were exposed their entire life
Acknowledgements
Thanks to our collaboratorsSt Cloud State University ndash
Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory
Estrone and Temperature Interactions Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationships in Freshwater Fish
Estrone and Temperature Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationship in Freshwater Fish
Introduction
Hypothesis
Exposure Systems
Predator Avoidance response
Calcein Staining
Slide Number 8
Slide Number 9
Slide Number 10
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
Results Recap
Discussion
Significance
Acknowledgements
Questions
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastwateer Land Application Sites
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastewater Land Application Sites
Some Definitions
Problem amp Significance
Problem amp Significance
Objectives
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in shallow groundwater near 7 LSTSRIB facilities
Objective (a) - Methods
Facility Locations
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
Comparison to MN Ambient Groundwater
PrioritizationScreening Assessment
Prioritization Assessment - Surface Water
Screening Assessment ndash Human Health
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b) - Methods
Agricultural Field Results
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary
Acknowledgements
Questions
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
Outline
PFAS ndash General overview
What is an emerging contaminant
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Federal and State EC Programs
What are PFAS
UsesSources
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
The Impetus for Change
Slide Number 14
Slide Number 15
Slide Number 16
Slide Number 17
Slide Number 18
Slide Number 19
Slide Number 20
Slide Number 21
Slide Number 22
Slide Number 23
Slide Number 24
Slide Number 25
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnows (pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Maumee River
Maumee River
Study Objective
Slide Number 5
Slide Number 6
Slide Number 7
Slide Number 8
Water Chemistry
Water Chemistry
Fathead Minnow Fecundity
Larval Fathead Minnow
Sunfish Blood Glucose
Slide Number 14
Resident Sunfish Gonadosomatic Index
Slide Number 16
Male Fathead Minnow Condition Factor
Discussion
Impacts
Acknowledgements
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Storm Water Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Stormwater Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10Pr
iorit
izat
ion
Scor
e
Prioritization Assessment - Surface Water
Prioritization rank scores from Berninger et al (2016)
3 115 6 15 1
2 25 6
21 1 1 21
3
2 1 10
Screening Assessment ndash Human Health
Screnning values (SV) from Minnesota Department of Health (Suchomel et al 2015)
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b)
Objective (b) - Methods1 agricultural field ndash irrigates with domestic septage
Soil 4 sample locations 1 sample event
Chemical analyses Other wastewater
indicators Sterols amp hormones Antibiotics amp
pharmaceuticals
Agricultural Field Results
32 micropollutants detected in soil Fragrances bisphenol A PAHs etc More hormones and sterols detected relative to
other analyzed chemicals Carbamazepine ciprofloxacin ofloxacin in all
samples Ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin in mgkg range
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary 34 micropollutants detected in groundwater
near LSTSRIB facilities mostly pharmaceuticals Some detectionsconcentrations of potential
concern to aquatic and human health Soils receiving wastewater may be a
repository for some organic contaminants More research on fate amp transport needs to
be conducted to better understand how these BMPs contribute to contaminant load to environment
Acknowledgements
Funding State of Minnesota Clean Water Fund USGS Cooperative Matching Fund
Daniel Morel and Brent Mason sampling Facility owners and operators
Questions
Sarah Elliottselliottusgsgov
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
18 October 2017
Shalene Thomas Amec Foster WheelerHannah Albertus-Benham Amec Foster Wheeler
Outline
1 Introduction and Background The Concern What are Emerging Contaminants Why are they different PFAS what are they and where are they used
2 The Response PFAS Case Study Regulatory Landscape and overview Case Study Summary Facility Management Considerations
3 Summary
2 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
PFAS ndash General overview
Federal and State Programs
What is the concern
Why are they different
What are Emerging Contaminants
3 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
What is an emerging contaminant
4
DoD and EPA definitions generally state
1 Presents potential unacceptable risk
2 Has no published standard3 New science detection or
exposure pathway available12 3
1DoD Instruction 471518 Emerging Contaminants June 11 2009 DUSD (IampE) is Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Installation and Environment2EPA Federal Facilities Restoration and Reuse Officehttpwwwepagovfedfacdocumentsemerging_contaminantshtmadditional_ec
3 httptoxicsusgsgovregionalemc
EC News
Phase IAssessment
Phase IIAssessment
DoD Scan Watch Action Process
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 20175
Department of Defense Emerging Contaminants
EPA Office of Water Contaminants of Emerging Concern
Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs)
PBDEs
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Persistent Bioaccumulative
Toxic
Use and Contamination is
Widespread
Regulatory and Legal Actions
Rising
Risk Review Management Mitigation
6 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)
Unregulated Contaminant
Monitoring Rule(UCMR)
Center for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC)
National Health and Nutrition
Examination Survey (NHANES)
State Biomonitoring Cooperative Agreement
Seven States with Specific Risk Management Programs Addressing Emerging Contaminants
WA AZ MN NY ME VT
Federal and State EC Programs
7 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
What are PFAS
8
Fluorinated Substances
Perfluoroalkylsubstance
(formerly PFCs)Polyfluoroalkyl
substance
ie FTOH
ie82 FTOH
Note This is a simplified representation of fluorinated substance sub-classes and in no way represents the entire fluorinated substances class
3 RC Buck et al Guide to PFASs in the Environment- Integr Environ Assess Manag 7 2011
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
PFSA
ie PFOSie PFOA
PFCA
UsesSources
Oil and Gas Extraction Electroplating(mist suppressants)
Manufacturing Processes Intermediates By-products
Consumer ProductsSemiconductor
Industry
Aqueous film forming foams
9 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
10
Case Study
Regulatory Landscape
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Facility Management
US Water Criteria
11
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
USEPA 007 007 1
04 04 2
Alaska (AK) 040 040 2
Connecticut (CT) 007 007 2
Delaware (DE) 007 007 2
Iowa (IA) 007 007 2
Maine (ME) 007 007 1
013 056 2
005 12 3
Michigan (MI) 042 0011 4
007 007 2
Minnesota (MN) 0035 0027 2
Nevada (NV) 1
New Hampshire (NH) 007 007 2
New Jersey (NJ) 0014 1
North Carolina (NC) 2 2
Oregon (OR) 24 300 4
Texas (TX) 029 056 2
Vermont (VT) 002 002 12
US EPA
US by State
NOTES
1= drinking water2= groundwater3= recreational water4= surface water
= Promulgated rule (AK IA MI NH NC OR TX VT) = Promulgation anticipated proposed or recommended (MN NJ)= Calculated using the EPA RSL calculator
OTHER NOTABLES
bull 70 of the states adopted criteria within the last 2 yrsbull Several states have adopted criteria for other PFAS
bull CT DE MN NV NJ OR and TXbull CERCLA 5-Year reviews serving as Site ldquoRe-Openersrdquobull Administrative Orders from EPA despite promulgated
rulebull States have adopted Emergency Rules bull Site Clean-Up Goals vary broadly
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
International Water Criteria
12
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
Australia health-based 056 007 1health-based 56 07 2
Canada screening value 02 06 1Denmark screening value 01 01 1Germany health-based 03 03 1
administrative 01 01 1Italy health-based 05 1
screening value 01 3Netherlands health-based 053 1
4 McGuire M E et al (2014) Evidence of remediation-induced alteration of subsurface poly- and perfluoroalkyl substance distribution at a former firefighter training area Environmental Science amp Technology 48(12) 6644-6652
20 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Wastewater and Managementbull Water treatment containment
reusedischargebull Biosolids management reuse
5 Xindi C Hu et al Detection of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in the US Drinking Water Linked to Industrial Sites Military Fire Training Areas and Wastewater Treatment Plants Environmental Science and Technology Letters (August 2016) 3 344-350 DOI 101021ascastlett6b00260
6 US Environmental Protection Agency FACT SHEET Perfluorochemical (PFC) Contaminationof Biosolids Near Decatur Alabama March 20117 httpwwwafcecafmilNewsArticle-DisplayArticle466187air-force-earth-day-2013-emphasis-on-water-conservation
Water reuse Source Construction (compaction dust suppression) Irrigation (grounds golf course)
21 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Stormwaterbull gt95 detection across samples collectedbull Non-point source contributionbull Management via
passive treatment collection and treatment retention
bull Currently being maintained on propertybull Staged until later datebull Liabilities minimized by storing on-sitebull Some disposal facilities refusing to accept
AFFF Foam- Best Management Practices Consider entire life cycle
bull Procurement bull Management of wastewater during testing
and flushingbull Disposal practices
22 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
The ldquotake-home messagesrdquohellip
1 Keep one eye open- the PFAS regulatory framework is evolving quickly
2 Science is not always driving decisions
3 Evaluate and manage liabilities proactively to avoid unintended consequences
PFAS Regulatory Status and Prognosis
PFAS Strategic Management Today
23 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Upcoming ConferencesAEHS Amherst MA- Oct 16-19SETAC Annual Conference Minneapolis MN- Nov 16-18Battelle Chlorinated Conference Palm Springs CA ndashApril 8-12
Industry PublicationsNGWA Groundwater and PFAS State of Knowledge and Practice- due out Fall 2017ITRC PFAS Fact Sheets- 6 in total before the end of 2017Podcast Understanding Emerging Contaminants and Regulatory Matters (httpsitunesapplecomuspodcastcivil-engineering-podcastid993416182mt=2) Woodard S et al 2017 Ion exchange resin for PFAS removal and pilot test comparison to GAC Remediation 2017 2719-27
Where to find us
24 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Questions
Thank youShalene Thomas MS PMPEmerging Contaminants Program ManagerWood dba Amec Foster Wheeler
Male Fathead Minnow Condition FactorMean BCF vs Treatment (Fathead Minnow)
Treatment
BLK GRM BCR FMP PBG USC SCR TWP MIX000
001
002
003
004
005
006Mean
2017
Upstream Downstream
Statistically different means indicated by differing letters
A
BBB
ABAB
ABABAB
Discussion
Varied water chemistry depicts a system with multiple inputs from both known (effluent) and unknown (runoff) sources
Alterations to FHM fecundity and body condition factor represent a complex river system with varying inputs
Sunfish indices (glucose HSI GSI) detail the importance of entire life-cycle exposure due to strong upstream to downstream trends (glucose) and individual site effects (HSI GSI)
Impacts
Potential improper re-direction of energy stores at a critical energy-intensive period of reproduction
Alterations to reproduction and reproductive indices could lead to population dynamic changes
Most pronounced effects observed on resident sunfish those which were exposed their entire life
Acknowledgements
Thanks to our collaboratorsSt Cloud State University ndash
Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory
Estrone and Temperature Interactions Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationships in Freshwater Fish
Estrone and Temperature Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationship in Freshwater Fish
Introduction
Hypothesis
Exposure Systems
Predator Avoidance response
Calcein Staining
Slide Number 8
Slide Number 9
Slide Number 10
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
Results Recap
Discussion
Significance
Acknowledgements
Questions
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastwateer Land Application Sites
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastewater Land Application Sites
Some Definitions
Problem amp Significance
Problem amp Significance
Objectives
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in shallow groundwater near 7 LSTSRIB facilities
Objective (a) - Methods
Facility Locations
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
Comparison to MN Ambient Groundwater
PrioritizationScreening Assessment
Prioritization Assessment - Surface Water
Screening Assessment ndash Human Health
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b) - Methods
Agricultural Field Results
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary
Acknowledgements
Questions
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
Outline
PFAS ndash General overview
What is an emerging contaminant
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Federal and State EC Programs
What are PFAS
UsesSources
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
The Impetus for Change
Slide Number 14
Slide Number 15
Slide Number 16
Slide Number 17
Slide Number 18
Slide Number 19
Slide Number 20
Slide Number 21
Slide Number 22
Slide Number 23
Slide Number 24
Slide Number 25
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnows (pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Maumee River
Maumee River
Study Objective
Slide Number 5
Slide Number 6
Slide Number 7
Slide Number 8
Water Chemistry
Water Chemistry
Fathead Minnow Fecundity
Larval Fathead Minnow
Sunfish Blood Glucose
Slide Number 14
Resident Sunfish Gonadosomatic Index
Slide Number 16
Male Fathead Minnow Condition Factor
Discussion
Impacts
Acknowledgements
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Storm Water Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Stormwater Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
Screening Assessment ndash Human Health
Screnning values (SV) from Minnesota Department of Health (Suchomel et al 2015)
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b)
Objective (b) - Methods1 agricultural field ndash irrigates with domestic septage
Soil 4 sample locations 1 sample event
Chemical analyses Other wastewater
indicators Sterols amp hormones Antibiotics amp
pharmaceuticals
Agricultural Field Results
32 micropollutants detected in soil Fragrances bisphenol A PAHs etc More hormones and sterols detected relative to
other analyzed chemicals Carbamazepine ciprofloxacin ofloxacin in all
samples Ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin in mgkg range
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary 34 micropollutants detected in groundwater
near LSTSRIB facilities mostly pharmaceuticals Some detectionsconcentrations of potential
concern to aquatic and human health Soils receiving wastewater may be a
repository for some organic contaminants More research on fate amp transport needs to
be conducted to better understand how these BMPs contribute to contaminant load to environment
Acknowledgements
Funding State of Minnesota Clean Water Fund USGS Cooperative Matching Fund
Daniel Morel and Brent Mason sampling Facility owners and operators
Questions
Sarah Elliottselliottusgsgov
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
18 October 2017
Shalene Thomas Amec Foster WheelerHannah Albertus-Benham Amec Foster Wheeler
Outline
1 Introduction and Background The Concern What are Emerging Contaminants Why are they different PFAS what are they and where are they used
2 The Response PFAS Case Study Regulatory Landscape and overview Case Study Summary Facility Management Considerations
3 Summary
2 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
PFAS ndash General overview
Federal and State Programs
What is the concern
Why are they different
What are Emerging Contaminants
3 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
What is an emerging contaminant
4
DoD and EPA definitions generally state
1 Presents potential unacceptable risk
2 Has no published standard3 New science detection or
exposure pathway available12 3
1DoD Instruction 471518 Emerging Contaminants June 11 2009 DUSD (IampE) is Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Installation and Environment2EPA Federal Facilities Restoration and Reuse Officehttpwwwepagovfedfacdocumentsemerging_contaminantshtmadditional_ec
3 httptoxicsusgsgovregionalemc
EC News
Phase IAssessment
Phase IIAssessment
DoD Scan Watch Action Process
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 20175
Department of Defense Emerging Contaminants
EPA Office of Water Contaminants of Emerging Concern
Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs)
PBDEs
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Persistent Bioaccumulative
Toxic
Use and Contamination is
Widespread
Regulatory and Legal Actions
Rising
Risk Review Management Mitigation
6 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)
Unregulated Contaminant
Monitoring Rule(UCMR)
Center for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC)
National Health and Nutrition
Examination Survey (NHANES)
State Biomonitoring Cooperative Agreement
Seven States with Specific Risk Management Programs Addressing Emerging Contaminants
WA AZ MN NY ME VT
Federal and State EC Programs
7 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
What are PFAS
8
Fluorinated Substances
Perfluoroalkylsubstance
(formerly PFCs)Polyfluoroalkyl
substance
ie FTOH
ie82 FTOH
Note This is a simplified representation of fluorinated substance sub-classes and in no way represents the entire fluorinated substances class
3 RC Buck et al Guide to PFASs in the Environment- Integr Environ Assess Manag 7 2011
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
PFSA
ie PFOSie PFOA
PFCA
UsesSources
Oil and Gas Extraction Electroplating(mist suppressants)
Manufacturing Processes Intermediates By-products
Consumer ProductsSemiconductor
Industry
Aqueous film forming foams
9 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
10
Case Study
Regulatory Landscape
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Facility Management
US Water Criteria
11
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
USEPA 007 007 1
04 04 2
Alaska (AK) 040 040 2
Connecticut (CT) 007 007 2
Delaware (DE) 007 007 2
Iowa (IA) 007 007 2
Maine (ME) 007 007 1
013 056 2
005 12 3
Michigan (MI) 042 0011 4
007 007 2
Minnesota (MN) 0035 0027 2
Nevada (NV) 1
New Hampshire (NH) 007 007 2
New Jersey (NJ) 0014 1
North Carolina (NC) 2 2
Oregon (OR) 24 300 4
Texas (TX) 029 056 2
Vermont (VT) 002 002 12
US EPA
US by State
NOTES
1= drinking water2= groundwater3= recreational water4= surface water
= Promulgated rule (AK IA MI NH NC OR TX VT) = Promulgation anticipated proposed or recommended (MN NJ)= Calculated using the EPA RSL calculator
OTHER NOTABLES
bull 70 of the states adopted criteria within the last 2 yrsbull Several states have adopted criteria for other PFAS
bull CT DE MN NV NJ OR and TXbull CERCLA 5-Year reviews serving as Site ldquoRe-Openersrdquobull Administrative Orders from EPA despite promulgated
rulebull States have adopted Emergency Rules bull Site Clean-Up Goals vary broadly
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
International Water Criteria
12
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
Australia health-based 056 007 1health-based 56 07 2
Canada screening value 02 06 1Denmark screening value 01 01 1Germany health-based 03 03 1
administrative 01 01 1Italy health-based 05 1
screening value 01 3Netherlands health-based 053 1
4 McGuire M E et al (2014) Evidence of remediation-induced alteration of subsurface poly- and perfluoroalkyl substance distribution at a former firefighter training area Environmental Science amp Technology 48(12) 6644-6652
20 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Wastewater and Managementbull Water treatment containment
reusedischargebull Biosolids management reuse
5 Xindi C Hu et al Detection of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in the US Drinking Water Linked to Industrial Sites Military Fire Training Areas and Wastewater Treatment Plants Environmental Science and Technology Letters (August 2016) 3 344-350 DOI 101021ascastlett6b00260
6 US Environmental Protection Agency FACT SHEET Perfluorochemical (PFC) Contaminationof Biosolids Near Decatur Alabama March 20117 httpwwwafcecafmilNewsArticle-DisplayArticle466187air-force-earth-day-2013-emphasis-on-water-conservation
Water reuse Source Construction (compaction dust suppression) Irrigation (grounds golf course)
21 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Stormwaterbull gt95 detection across samples collectedbull Non-point source contributionbull Management via
passive treatment collection and treatment retention
bull Currently being maintained on propertybull Staged until later datebull Liabilities minimized by storing on-sitebull Some disposal facilities refusing to accept
AFFF Foam- Best Management Practices Consider entire life cycle
bull Procurement bull Management of wastewater during testing
and flushingbull Disposal practices
22 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
The ldquotake-home messagesrdquohellip
1 Keep one eye open- the PFAS regulatory framework is evolving quickly
2 Science is not always driving decisions
3 Evaluate and manage liabilities proactively to avoid unintended consequences
PFAS Regulatory Status and Prognosis
PFAS Strategic Management Today
23 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Upcoming ConferencesAEHS Amherst MA- Oct 16-19SETAC Annual Conference Minneapolis MN- Nov 16-18Battelle Chlorinated Conference Palm Springs CA ndashApril 8-12
Industry PublicationsNGWA Groundwater and PFAS State of Knowledge and Practice- due out Fall 2017ITRC PFAS Fact Sheets- 6 in total before the end of 2017Podcast Understanding Emerging Contaminants and Regulatory Matters (httpsitunesapplecomuspodcastcivil-engineering-podcastid993416182mt=2) Woodard S et al 2017 Ion exchange resin for PFAS removal and pilot test comparison to GAC Remediation 2017 2719-27
Where to find us
24 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Questions
Thank youShalene Thomas MS PMPEmerging Contaminants Program ManagerWood dba Amec Foster Wheeler
Male Fathead Minnow Condition FactorMean BCF vs Treatment (Fathead Minnow)
Treatment
BLK GRM BCR FMP PBG USC SCR TWP MIX000
001
002
003
004
005
006Mean
2017
Upstream Downstream
Statistically different means indicated by differing letters
A
BBB
ABAB
ABABAB
Discussion
Varied water chemistry depicts a system with multiple inputs from both known (effluent) and unknown (runoff) sources
Alterations to FHM fecundity and body condition factor represent a complex river system with varying inputs
Sunfish indices (glucose HSI GSI) detail the importance of entire life-cycle exposure due to strong upstream to downstream trends (glucose) and individual site effects (HSI GSI)
Impacts
Potential improper re-direction of energy stores at a critical energy-intensive period of reproduction
Alterations to reproduction and reproductive indices could lead to population dynamic changes
Most pronounced effects observed on resident sunfish those which were exposed their entire life
Acknowledgements
Thanks to our collaboratorsSt Cloud State University ndash
Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory
Estrone and Temperature Interactions Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationships in Freshwater Fish
Estrone and Temperature Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationship in Freshwater Fish
Introduction
Hypothesis
Exposure Systems
Predator Avoidance response
Calcein Staining
Slide Number 8
Slide Number 9
Slide Number 10
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
Results Recap
Discussion
Significance
Acknowledgements
Questions
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastwateer Land Application Sites
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastewater Land Application Sites
Some Definitions
Problem amp Significance
Problem amp Significance
Objectives
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in shallow groundwater near 7 LSTSRIB facilities
Objective (a) - Methods
Facility Locations
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
Comparison to MN Ambient Groundwater
PrioritizationScreening Assessment
Prioritization Assessment - Surface Water
Screening Assessment ndash Human Health
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b) - Methods
Agricultural Field Results
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary
Acknowledgements
Questions
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
Outline
PFAS ndash General overview
What is an emerging contaminant
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Federal and State EC Programs
What are PFAS
UsesSources
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
The Impetus for Change
Slide Number 14
Slide Number 15
Slide Number 16
Slide Number 17
Slide Number 18
Slide Number 19
Slide Number 20
Slide Number 21
Slide Number 22
Slide Number 23
Slide Number 24
Slide Number 25
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnows (pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Maumee River
Maumee River
Study Objective
Slide Number 5
Slide Number 6
Slide Number 7
Slide Number 8
Water Chemistry
Water Chemistry
Fathead Minnow Fecundity
Larval Fathead Minnow
Sunfish Blood Glucose
Slide Number 14
Resident Sunfish Gonadosomatic Index
Slide Number 16
Male Fathead Minnow Condition Factor
Discussion
Impacts
Acknowledgements
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Storm Water Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Stormwater Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b)
Objective (b) - Methods1 agricultural field ndash irrigates with domestic septage
Soil 4 sample locations 1 sample event
Chemical analyses Other wastewater
indicators Sterols amp hormones Antibiotics amp
pharmaceuticals
Agricultural Field Results
32 micropollutants detected in soil Fragrances bisphenol A PAHs etc More hormones and sterols detected relative to
other analyzed chemicals Carbamazepine ciprofloxacin ofloxacin in all
samples Ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin in mgkg range
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary 34 micropollutants detected in groundwater
near LSTSRIB facilities mostly pharmaceuticals Some detectionsconcentrations of potential
concern to aquatic and human health Soils receiving wastewater may be a
repository for some organic contaminants More research on fate amp transport needs to
be conducted to better understand how these BMPs contribute to contaminant load to environment
Acknowledgements
Funding State of Minnesota Clean Water Fund USGS Cooperative Matching Fund
Daniel Morel and Brent Mason sampling Facility owners and operators
Questions
Sarah Elliottselliottusgsgov
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
18 October 2017
Shalene Thomas Amec Foster WheelerHannah Albertus-Benham Amec Foster Wheeler
Outline
1 Introduction and Background The Concern What are Emerging Contaminants Why are they different PFAS what are they and where are they used
2 The Response PFAS Case Study Regulatory Landscape and overview Case Study Summary Facility Management Considerations
3 Summary
2 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
PFAS ndash General overview
Federal and State Programs
What is the concern
Why are they different
What are Emerging Contaminants
3 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
What is an emerging contaminant
4
DoD and EPA definitions generally state
1 Presents potential unacceptable risk
2 Has no published standard3 New science detection or
exposure pathway available12 3
1DoD Instruction 471518 Emerging Contaminants June 11 2009 DUSD (IampE) is Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Installation and Environment2EPA Federal Facilities Restoration and Reuse Officehttpwwwepagovfedfacdocumentsemerging_contaminantshtmadditional_ec
3 httptoxicsusgsgovregionalemc
EC News
Phase IAssessment
Phase IIAssessment
DoD Scan Watch Action Process
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 20175
Department of Defense Emerging Contaminants
EPA Office of Water Contaminants of Emerging Concern
Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs)
PBDEs
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Persistent Bioaccumulative
Toxic
Use and Contamination is
Widespread
Regulatory and Legal Actions
Rising
Risk Review Management Mitigation
6 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)
Unregulated Contaminant
Monitoring Rule(UCMR)
Center for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC)
National Health and Nutrition
Examination Survey (NHANES)
State Biomonitoring Cooperative Agreement
Seven States with Specific Risk Management Programs Addressing Emerging Contaminants
WA AZ MN NY ME VT
Federal and State EC Programs
7 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
What are PFAS
8
Fluorinated Substances
Perfluoroalkylsubstance
(formerly PFCs)Polyfluoroalkyl
substance
ie FTOH
ie82 FTOH
Note This is a simplified representation of fluorinated substance sub-classes and in no way represents the entire fluorinated substances class
3 RC Buck et al Guide to PFASs in the Environment- Integr Environ Assess Manag 7 2011
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
PFSA
ie PFOSie PFOA
PFCA
UsesSources
Oil and Gas Extraction Electroplating(mist suppressants)
Manufacturing Processes Intermediates By-products
Consumer ProductsSemiconductor
Industry
Aqueous film forming foams
9 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
10
Case Study
Regulatory Landscape
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Facility Management
US Water Criteria
11
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
USEPA 007 007 1
04 04 2
Alaska (AK) 040 040 2
Connecticut (CT) 007 007 2
Delaware (DE) 007 007 2
Iowa (IA) 007 007 2
Maine (ME) 007 007 1
013 056 2
005 12 3
Michigan (MI) 042 0011 4
007 007 2
Minnesota (MN) 0035 0027 2
Nevada (NV) 1
New Hampshire (NH) 007 007 2
New Jersey (NJ) 0014 1
North Carolina (NC) 2 2
Oregon (OR) 24 300 4
Texas (TX) 029 056 2
Vermont (VT) 002 002 12
US EPA
US by State
NOTES
1= drinking water2= groundwater3= recreational water4= surface water
= Promulgated rule (AK IA MI NH NC OR TX VT) = Promulgation anticipated proposed or recommended (MN NJ)= Calculated using the EPA RSL calculator
OTHER NOTABLES
bull 70 of the states adopted criteria within the last 2 yrsbull Several states have adopted criteria for other PFAS
bull CT DE MN NV NJ OR and TXbull CERCLA 5-Year reviews serving as Site ldquoRe-Openersrdquobull Administrative Orders from EPA despite promulgated
rulebull States have adopted Emergency Rules bull Site Clean-Up Goals vary broadly
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
International Water Criteria
12
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
Australia health-based 056 007 1health-based 56 07 2
Canada screening value 02 06 1Denmark screening value 01 01 1Germany health-based 03 03 1
administrative 01 01 1Italy health-based 05 1
screening value 01 3Netherlands health-based 053 1
4 McGuire M E et al (2014) Evidence of remediation-induced alteration of subsurface poly- and perfluoroalkyl substance distribution at a former firefighter training area Environmental Science amp Technology 48(12) 6644-6652
20 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Wastewater and Managementbull Water treatment containment
reusedischargebull Biosolids management reuse
5 Xindi C Hu et al Detection of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in the US Drinking Water Linked to Industrial Sites Military Fire Training Areas and Wastewater Treatment Plants Environmental Science and Technology Letters (August 2016) 3 344-350 DOI 101021ascastlett6b00260
6 US Environmental Protection Agency FACT SHEET Perfluorochemical (PFC) Contaminationof Biosolids Near Decatur Alabama March 20117 httpwwwafcecafmilNewsArticle-DisplayArticle466187air-force-earth-day-2013-emphasis-on-water-conservation
Water reuse Source Construction (compaction dust suppression) Irrigation (grounds golf course)
21 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Stormwaterbull gt95 detection across samples collectedbull Non-point source contributionbull Management via
passive treatment collection and treatment retention
bull Currently being maintained on propertybull Staged until later datebull Liabilities minimized by storing on-sitebull Some disposal facilities refusing to accept
AFFF Foam- Best Management Practices Consider entire life cycle
bull Procurement bull Management of wastewater during testing
and flushingbull Disposal practices
22 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
The ldquotake-home messagesrdquohellip
1 Keep one eye open- the PFAS regulatory framework is evolving quickly
2 Science is not always driving decisions
3 Evaluate and manage liabilities proactively to avoid unintended consequences
PFAS Regulatory Status and Prognosis
PFAS Strategic Management Today
23 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Upcoming ConferencesAEHS Amherst MA- Oct 16-19SETAC Annual Conference Minneapolis MN- Nov 16-18Battelle Chlorinated Conference Palm Springs CA ndashApril 8-12
Industry PublicationsNGWA Groundwater and PFAS State of Knowledge and Practice- due out Fall 2017ITRC PFAS Fact Sheets- 6 in total before the end of 2017Podcast Understanding Emerging Contaminants and Regulatory Matters (httpsitunesapplecomuspodcastcivil-engineering-podcastid993416182mt=2) Woodard S et al 2017 Ion exchange resin for PFAS removal and pilot test comparison to GAC Remediation 2017 2719-27
Where to find us
24 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Questions
Thank youShalene Thomas MS PMPEmerging Contaminants Program ManagerWood dba Amec Foster Wheeler
Male Fathead Minnow Condition FactorMean BCF vs Treatment (Fathead Minnow)
Treatment
BLK GRM BCR FMP PBG USC SCR TWP MIX000
001
002
003
004
005
006Mean
2017
Upstream Downstream
Statistically different means indicated by differing letters
A
BBB
ABAB
ABABAB
Discussion
Varied water chemistry depicts a system with multiple inputs from both known (effluent) and unknown (runoff) sources
Alterations to FHM fecundity and body condition factor represent a complex river system with varying inputs
Sunfish indices (glucose HSI GSI) detail the importance of entire life-cycle exposure due to strong upstream to downstream trends (glucose) and individual site effects (HSI GSI)
Impacts
Potential improper re-direction of energy stores at a critical energy-intensive period of reproduction
Alterations to reproduction and reproductive indices could lead to population dynamic changes
Most pronounced effects observed on resident sunfish those which were exposed their entire life
Acknowledgements
Thanks to our collaboratorsSt Cloud State University ndash
Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory
Estrone and Temperature Interactions Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationships in Freshwater Fish
Estrone and Temperature Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationship in Freshwater Fish
Introduction
Hypothesis
Exposure Systems
Predator Avoidance response
Calcein Staining
Slide Number 8
Slide Number 9
Slide Number 10
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
Results Recap
Discussion
Significance
Acknowledgements
Questions
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastwateer Land Application Sites
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastewater Land Application Sites
Some Definitions
Problem amp Significance
Problem amp Significance
Objectives
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in shallow groundwater near 7 LSTSRIB facilities
Objective (a) - Methods
Facility Locations
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
Comparison to MN Ambient Groundwater
PrioritizationScreening Assessment
Prioritization Assessment - Surface Water
Screening Assessment ndash Human Health
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b) - Methods
Agricultural Field Results
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary
Acknowledgements
Questions
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
Outline
PFAS ndash General overview
What is an emerging contaminant
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Federal and State EC Programs
What are PFAS
UsesSources
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
The Impetus for Change
Slide Number 14
Slide Number 15
Slide Number 16
Slide Number 17
Slide Number 18
Slide Number 19
Slide Number 20
Slide Number 21
Slide Number 22
Slide Number 23
Slide Number 24
Slide Number 25
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnows (pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Maumee River
Maumee River
Study Objective
Slide Number 5
Slide Number 6
Slide Number 7
Slide Number 8
Water Chemistry
Water Chemistry
Fathead Minnow Fecundity
Larval Fathead Minnow
Sunfish Blood Glucose
Slide Number 14
Resident Sunfish Gonadosomatic Index
Slide Number 16
Male Fathead Minnow Condition Factor
Discussion
Impacts
Acknowledgements
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Storm Water Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Stormwater Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
Objective (b) - Methods1 agricultural field ndash irrigates with domestic septage
Soil 4 sample locations 1 sample event
Chemical analyses Other wastewater
indicators Sterols amp hormones Antibiotics amp
pharmaceuticals
Agricultural Field Results
32 micropollutants detected in soil Fragrances bisphenol A PAHs etc More hormones and sterols detected relative to
other analyzed chemicals Carbamazepine ciprofloxacin ofloxacin in all
samples Ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin in mgkg range
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary 34 micropollutants detected in groundwater
near LSTSRIB facilities mostly pharmaceuticals Some detectionsconcentrations of potential
concern to aquatic and human health Soils receiving wastewater may be a
repository for some organic contaminants More research on fate amp transport needs to
be conducted to better understand how these BMPs contribute to contaminant load to environment
Acknowledgements
Funding State of Minnesota Clean Water Fund USGS Cooperative Matching Fund
Daniel Morel and Brent Mason sampling Facility owners and operators
Questions
Sarah Elliottselliottusgsgov
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
18 October 2017
Shalene Thomas Amec Foster WheelerHannah Albertus-Benham Amec Foster Wheeler
Outline
1 Introduction and Background The Concern What are Emerging Contaminants Why are they different PFAS what are they and where are they used
2 The Response PFAS Case Study Regulatory Landscape and overview Case Study Summary Facility Management Considerations
3 Summary
2 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
PFAS ndash General overview
Federal and State Programs
What is the concern
Why are they different
What are Emerging Contaminants
3 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
What is an emerging contaminant
4
DoD and EPA definitions generally state
1 Presents potential unacceptable risk
2 Has no published standard3 New science detection or
exposure pathway available12 3
1DoD Instruction 471518 Emerging Contaminants June 11 2009 DUSD (IampE) is Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Installation and Environment2EPA Federal Facilities Restoration and Reuse Officehttpwwwepagovfedfacdocumentsemerging_contaminantshtmadditional_ec
3 httptoxicsusgsgovregionalemc
EC News
Phase IAssessment
Phase IIAssessment
DoD Scan Watch Action Process
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 20175
Department of Defense Emerging Contaminants
EPA Office of Water Contaminants of Emerging Concern
Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs)
PBDEs
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Persistent Bioaccumulative
Toxic
Use and Contamination is
Widespread
Regulatory and Legal Actions
Rising
Risk Review Management Mitigation
6 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)
Unregulated Contaminant
Monitoring Rule(UCMR)
Center for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC)
National Health and Nutrition
Examination Survey (NHANES)
State Biomonitoring Cooperative Agreement
Seven States with Specific Risk Management Programs Addressing Emerging Contaminants
WA AZ MN NY ME VT
Federal and State EC Programs
7 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
What are PFAS
8
Fluorinated Substances
Perfluoroalkylsubstance
(formerly PFCs)Polyfluoroalkyl
substance
ie FTOH
ie82 FTOH
Note This is a simplified representation of fluorinated substance sub-classes and in no way represents the entire fluorinated substances class
3 RC Buck et al Guide to PFASs in the Environment- Integr Environ Assess Manag 7 2011
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
PFSA
ie PFOSie PFOA
PFCA
UsesSources
Oil and Gas Extraction Electroplating(mist suppressants)
Manufacturing Processes Intermediates By-products
Consumer ProductsSemiconductor
Industry
Aqueous film forming foams
9 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
10
Case Study
Regulatory Landscape
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Facility Management
US Water Criteria
11
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
USEPA 007 007 1
04 04 2
Alaska (AK) 040 040 2
Connecticut (CT) 007 007 2
Delaware (DE) 007 007 2
Iowa (IA) 007 007 2
Maine (ME) 007 007 1
013 056 2
005 12 3
Michigan (MI) 042 0011 4
007 007 2
Minnesota (MN) 0035 0027 2
Nevada (NV) 1
New Hampshire (NH) 007 007 2
New Jersey (NJ) 0014 1
North Carolina (NC) 2 2
Oregon (OR) 24 300 4
Texas (TX) 029 056 2
Vermont (VT) 002 002 12
US EPA
US by State
NOTES
1= drinking water2= groundwater3= recreational water4= surface water
= Promulgated rule (AK IA MI NH NC OR TX VT) = Promulgation anticipated proposed or recommended (MN NJ)= Calculated using the EPA RSL calculator
OTHER NOTABLES
bull 70 of the states adopted criteria within the last 2 yrsbull Several states have adopted criteria for other PFAS
bull CT DE MN NV NJ OR and TXbull CERCLA 5-Year reviews serving as Site ldquoRe-Openersrdquobull Administrative Orders from EPA despite promulgated
rulebull States have adopted Emergency Rules bull Site Clean-Up Goals vary broadly
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
International Water Criteria
12
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
Australia health-based 056 007 1health-based 56 07 2
Canada screening value 02 06 1Denmark screening value 01 01 1Germany health-based 03 03 1
administrative 01 01 1Italy health-based 05 1
screening value 01 3Netherlands health-based 053 1
4 McGuire M E et al (2014) Evidence of remediation-induced alteration of subsurface poly- and perfluoroalkyl substance distribution at a former firefighter training area Environmental Science amp Technology 48(12) 6644-6652
20 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Wastewater and Managementbull Water treatment containment
reusedischargebull Biosolids management reuse
5 Xindi C Hu et al Detection of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in the US Drinking Water Linked to Industrial Sites Military Fire Training Areas and Wastewater Treatment Plants Environmental Science and Technology Letters (August 2016) 3 344-350 DOI 101021ascastlett6b00260
6 US Environmental Protection Agency FACT SHEET Perfluorochemical (PFC) Contaminationof Biosolids Near Decatur Alabama March 20117 httpwwwafcecafmilNewsArticle-DisplayArticle466187air-force-earth-day-2013-emphasis-on-water-conservation
Water reuse Source Construction (compaction dust suppression) Irrigation (grounds golf course)
21 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Stormwaterbull gt95 detection across samples collectedbull Non-point source contributionbull Management via
passive treatment collection and treatment retention
bull Currently being maintained on propertybull Staged until later datebull Liabilities minimized by storing on-sitebull Some disposal facilities refusing to accept
AFFF Foam- Best Management Practices Consider entire life cycle
bull Procurement bull Management of wastewater during testing
and flushingbull Disposal practices
22 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
The ldquotake-home messagesrdquohellip
1 Keep one eye open- the PFAS regulatory framework is evolving quickly
2 Science is not always driving decisions
3 Evaluate and manage liabilities proactively to avoid unintended consequences
PFAS Regulatory Status and Prognosis
PFAS Strategic Management Today
23 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Upcoming ConferencesAEHS Amherst MA- Oct 16-19SETAC Annual Conference Minneapolis MN- Nov 16-18Battelle Chlorinated Conference Palm Springs CA ndashApril 8-12
Industry PublicationsNGWA Groundwater and PFAS State of Knowledge and Practice- due out Fall 2017ITRC PFAS Fact Sheets- 6 in total before the end of 2017Podcast Understanding Emerging Contaminants and Regulatory Matters (httpsitunesapplecomuspodcastcivil-engineering-podcastid993416182mt=2) Woodard S et al 2017 Ion exchange resin for PFAS removal and pilot test comparison to GAC Remediation 2017 2719-27
Where to find us
24 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Questions
Thank youShalene Thomas MS PMPEmerging Contaminants Program ManagerWood dba Amec Foster Wheeler
Male Fathead Minnow Condition FactorMean BCF vs Treatment (Fathead Minnow)
Treatment
BLK GRM BCR FMP PBG USC SCR TWP MIX000
001
002
003
004
005
006Mean
2017
Upstream Downstream
Statistically different means indicated by differing letters
A
BBB
ABAB
ABABAB
Discussion
Varied water chemistry depicts a system with multiple inputs from both known (effluent) and unknown (runoff) sources
Alterations to FHM fecundity and body condition factor represent a complex river system with varying inputs
Sunfish indices (glucose HSI GSI) detail the importance of entire life-cycle exposure due to strong upstream to downstream trends (glucose) and individual site effects (HSI GSI)
Impacts
Potential improper re-direction of energy stores at a critical energy-intensive period of reproduction
Alterations to reproduction and reproductive indices could lead to population dynamic changes
Most pronounced effects observed on resident sunfish those which were exposed their entire life
Acknowledgements
Thanks to our collaboratorsSt Cloud State University ndash
Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory
Estrone and Temperature Interactions Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationships in Freshwater Fish
Estrone and Temperature Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationship in Freshwater Fish
Introduction
Hypothesis
Exposure Systems
Predator Avoidance response
Calcein Staining
Slide Number 8
Slide Number 9
Slide Number 10
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
Results Recap
Discussion
Significance
Acknowledgements
Questions
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastwateer Land Application Sites
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastewater Land Application Sites
Some Definitions
Problem amp Significance
Problem amp Significance
Objectives
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in shallow groundwater near 7 LSTSRIB facilities
Objective (a) - Methods
Facility Locations
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
Comparison to MN Ambient Groundwater
PrioritizationScreening Assessment
Prioritization Assessment - Surface Water
Screening Assessment ndash Human Health
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b) - Methods
Agricultural Field Results
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary
Acknowledgements
Questions
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
Outline
PFAS ndash General overview
What is an emerging contaminant
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Federal and State EC Programs
What are PFAS
UsesSources
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
The Impetus for Change
Slide Number 14
Slide Number 15
Slide Number 16
Slide Number 17
Slide Number 18
Slide Number 19
Slide Number 20
Slide Number 21
Slide Number 22
Slide Number 23
Slide Number 24
Slide Number 25
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnows (pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Maumee River
Maumee River
Study Objective
Slide Number 5
Slide Number 6
Slide Number 7
Slide Number 8
Water Chemistry
Water Chemistry
Fathead Minnow Fecundity
Larval Fathead Minnow
Sunfish Blood Glucose
Slide Number 14
Resident Sunfish Gonadosomatic Index
Slide Number 16
Male Fathead Minnow Condition Factor
Discussion
Impacts
Acknowledgements
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Storm Water Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Stormwater Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
Agricultural Field Results
32 micropollutants detected in soil Fragrances bisphenol A PAHs etc More hormones and sterols detected relative to
other analyzed chemicals Carbamazepine ciprofloxacin ofloxacin in all
samples Ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin in mgkg range
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary 34 micropollutants detected in groundwater
near LSTSRIB facilities mostly pharmaceuticals Some detectionsconcentrations of potential
concern to aquatic and human health Soils receiving wastewater may be a
repository for some organic contaminants More research on fate amp transport needs to
be conducted to better understand how these BMPs contribute to contaminant load to environment
Acknowledgements
Funding State of Minnesota Clean Water Fund USGS Cooperative Matching Fund
Daniel Morel and Brent Mason sampling Facility owners and operators
Questions
Sarah Elliottselliottusgsgov
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
18 October 2017
Shalene Thomas Amec Foster WheelerHannah Albertus-Benham Amec Foster Wheeler
Outline
1 Introduction and Background The Concern What are Emerging Contaminants Why are they different PFAS what are they and where are they used
2 The Response PFAS Case Study Regulatory Landscape and overview Case Study Summary Facility Management Considerations
3 Summary
2 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
PFAS ndash General overview
Federal and State Programs
What is the concern
Why are they different
What are Emerging Contaminants
3 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
What is an emerging contaminant
4
DoD and EPA definitions generally state
1 Presents potential unacceptable risk
2 Has no published standard3 New science detection or
exposure pathway available12 3
1DoD Instruction 471518 Emerging Contaminants June 11 2009 DUSD (IampE) is Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Installation and Environment2EPA Federal Facilities Restoration and Reuse Officehttpwwwepagovfedfacdocumentsemerging_contaminantshtmadditional_ec
3 httptoxicsusgsgovregionalemc
EC News
Phase IAssessment
Phase IIAssessment
DoD Scan Watch Action Process
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 20175
Department of Defense Emerging Contaminants
EPA Office of Water Contaminants of Emerging Concern
Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs)
PBDEs
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Persistent Bioaccumulative
Toxic
Use and Contamination is
Widespread
Regulatory and Legal Actions
Rising
Risk Review Management Mitigation
6 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)
Unregulated Contaminant
Monitoring Rule(UCMR)
Center for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC)
National Health and Nutrition
Examination Survey (NHANES)
State Biomonitoring Cooperative Agreement
Seven States with Specific Risk Management Programs Addressing Emerging Contaminants
WA AZ MN NY ME VT
Federal and State EC Programs
7 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
What are PFAS
8
Fluorinated Substances
Perfluoroalkylsubstance
(formerly PFCs)Polyfluoroalkyl
substance
ie FTOH
ie82 FTOH
Note This is a simplified representation of fluorinated substance sub-classes and in no way represents the entire fluorinated substances class
3 RC Buck et al Guide to PFASs in the Environment- Integr Environ Assess Manag 7 2011
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
PFSA
ie PFOSie PFOA
PFCA
UsesSources
Oil and Gas Extraction Electroplating(mist suppressants)
Manufacturing Processes Intermediates By-products
Consumer ProductsSemiconductor
Industry
Aqueous film forming foams
9 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
10
Case Study
Regulatory Landscape
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Facility Management
US Water Criteria
11
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
USEPA 007 007 1
04 04 2
Alaska (AK) 040 040 2
Connecticut (CT) 007 007 2
Delaware (DE) 007 007 2
Iowa (IA) 007 007 2
Maine (ME) 007 007 1
013 056 2
005 12 3
Michigan (MI) 042 0011 4
007 007 2
Minnesota (MN) 0035 0027 2
Nevada (NV) 1
New Hampshire (NH) 007 007 2
New Jersey (NJ) 0014 1
North Carolina (NC) 2 2
Oregon (OR) 24 300 4
Texas (TX) 029 056 2
Vermont (VT) 002 002 12
US EPA
US by State
NOTES
1= drinking water2= groundwater3= recreational water4= surface water
= Promulgated rule (AK IA MI NH NC OR TX VT) = Promulgation anticipated proposed or recommended (MN NJ)= Calculated using the EPA RSL calculator
OTHER NOTABLES
bull 70 of the states adopted criteria within the last 2 yrsbull Several states have adopted criteria for other PFAS
bull CT DE MN NV NJ OR and TXbull CERCLA 5-Year reviews serving as Site ldquoRe-Openersrdquobull Administrative Orders from EPA despite promulgated
rulebull States have adopted Emergency Rules bull Site Clean-Up Goals vary broadly
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
International Water Criteria
12
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
Australia health-based 056 007 1health-based 56 07 2
Canada screening value 02 06 1Denmark screening value 01 01 1Germany health-based 03 03 1
administrative 01 01 1Italy health-based 05 1
screening value 01 3Netherlands health-based 053 1
4 McGuire M E et al (2014) Evidence of remediation-induced alteration of subsurface poly- and perfluoroalkyl substance distribution at a former firefighter training area Environmental Science amp Technology 48(12) 6644-6652
20 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Wastewater and Managementbull Water treatment containment
reusedischargebull Biosolids management reuse
5 Xindi C Hu et al Detection of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in the US Drinking Water Linked to Industrial Sites Military Fire Training Areas and Wastewater Treatment Plants Environmental Science and Technology Letters (August 2016) 3 344-350 DOI 101021ascastlett6b00260
6 US Environmental Protection Agency FACT SHEET Perfluorochemical (PFC) Contaminationof Biosolids Near Decatur Alabama March 20117 httpwwwafcecafmilNewsArticle-DisplayArticle466187air-force-earth-day-2013-emphasis-on-water-conservation
Water reuse Source Construction (compaction dust suppression) Irrigation (grounds golf course)
21 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Stormwaterbull gt95 detection across samples collectedbull Non-point source contributionbull Management via
passive treatment collection and treatment retention
bull Currently being maintained on propertybull Staged until later datebull Liabilities minimized by storing on-sitebull Some disposal facilities refusing to accept
AFFF Foam- Best Management Practices Consider entire life cycle
bull Procurement bull Management of wastewater during testing
and flushingbull Disposal practices
22 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
The ldquotake-home messagesrdquohellip
1 Keep one eye open- the PFAS regulatory framework is evolving quickly
2 Science is not always driving decisions
3 Evaluate and manage liabilities proactively to avoid unintended consequences
PFAS Regulatory Status and Prognosis
PFAS Strategic Management Today
23 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Upcoming ConferencesAEHS Amherst MA- Oct 16-19SETAC Annual Conference Minneapolis MN- Nov 16-18Battelle Chlorinated Conference Palm Springs CA ndashApril 8-12
Industry PublicationsNGWA Groundwater and PFAS State of Knowledge and Practice- due out Fall 2017ITRC PFAS Fact Sheets- 6 in total before the end of 2017Podcast Understanding Emerging Contaminants and Regulatory Matters (httpsitunesapplecomuspodcastcivil-engineering-podcastid993416182mt=2) Woodard S et al 2017 Ion exchange resin for PFAS removal and pilot test comparison to GAC Remediation 2017 2719-27
Where to find us
24 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Questions
Thank youShalene Thomas MS PMPEmerging Contaminants Program ManagerWood dba Amec Foster Wheeler
Male Fathead Minnow Condition FactorMean BCF vs Treatment (Fathead Minnow)
Treatment
BLK GRM BCR FMP PBG USC SCR TWP MIX000
001
002
003
004
005
006Mean
2017
Upstream Downstream
Statistically different means indicated by differing letters
A
BBB
ABAB
ABABAB
Discussion
Varied water chemistry depicts a system with multiple inputs from both known (effluent) and unknown (runoff) sources
Alterations to FHM fecundity and body condition factor represent a complex river system with varying inputs
Sunfish indices (glucose HSI GSI) detail the importance of entire life-cycle exposure due to strong upstream to downstream trends (glucose) and individual site effects (HSI GSI)
Impacts
Potential improper re-direction of energy stores at a critical energy-intensive period of reproduction
Alterations to reproduction and reproductive indices could lead to population dynamic changes
Most pronounced effects observed on resident sunfish those which were exposed their entire life
Acknowledgements
Thanks to our collaboratorsSt Cloud State University ndash
Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory
Estrone and Temperature Interactions Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationships in Freshwater Fish
Estrone and Temperature Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationship in Freshwater Fish
Introduction
Hypothesis
Exposure Systems
Predator Avoidance response
Calcein Staining
Slide Number 8
Slide Number 9
Slide Number 10
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
Results Recap
Discussion
Significance
Acknowledgements
Questions
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastwateer Land Application Sites
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastewater Land Application Sites
Some Definitions
Problem amp Significance
Problem amp Significance
Objectives
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in shallow groundwater near 7 LSTSRIB facilities
Objective (a) - Methods
Facility Locations
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
Comparison to MN Ambient Groundwater
PrioritizationScreening Assessment
Prioritization Assessment - Surface Water
Screening Assessment ndash Human Health
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b) - Methods
Agricultural Field Results
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary
Acknowledgements
Questions
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
Outline
PFAS ndash General overview
What is an emerging contaminant
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Federal and State EC Programs
What are PFAS
UsesSources
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
The Impetus for Change
Slide Number 14
Slide Number 15
Slide Number 16
Slide Number 17
Slide Number 18
Slide Number 19
Slide Number 20
Slide Number 21
Slide Number 22
Slide Number 23
Slide Number 24
Slide Number 25
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnows (pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Maumee River
Maumee River
Study Objective
Slide Number 5
Slide Number 6
Slide Number 7
Slide Number 8
Water Chemistry
Water Chemistry
Fathead Minnow Fecundity
Larval Fathead Minnow
Sunfish Blood Glucose
Slide Number 14
Resident Sunfish Gonadosomatic Index
Slide Number 16
Male Fathead Minnow Condition Factor
Discussion
Impacts
Acknowledgements
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Storm Water Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Stormwater Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary 34 micropollutants detected in groundwater
near LSTSRIB facilities mostly pharmaceuticals Some detectionsconcentrations of potential
concern to aquatic and human health Soils receiving wastewater may be a
repository for some organic contaminants More research on fate amp transport needs to
be conducted to better understand how these BMPs contribute to contaminant load to environment
Acknowledgements
Funding State of Minnesota Clean Water Fund USGS Cooperative Matching Fund
Daniel Morel and Brent Mason sampling Facility owners and operators
Questions
Sarah Elliottselliottusgsgov
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
18 October 2017
Shalene Thomas Amec Foster WheelerHannah Albertus-Benham Amec Foster Wheeler
Outline
1 Introduction and Background The Concern What are Emerging Contaminants Why are they different PFAS what are they and where are they used
2 The Response PFAS Case Study Regulatory Landscape and overview Case Study Summary Facility Management Considerations
3 Summary
2 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
PFAS ndash General overview
Federal and State Programs
What is the concern
Why are they different
What are Emerging Contaminants
3 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
What is an emerging contaminant
4
DoD and EPA definitions generally state
1 Presents potential unacceptable risk
2 Has no published standard3 New science detection or
exposure pathway available12 3
1DoD Instruction 471518 Emerging Contaminants June 11 2009 DUSD (IampE) is Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Installation and Environment2EPA Federal Facilities Restoration and Reuse Officehttpwwwepagovfedfacdocumentsemerging_contaminantshtmadditional_ec
3 httptoxicsusgsgovregionalemc
EC News
Phase IAssessment
Phase IIAssessment
DoD Scan Watch Action Process
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 20175
Department of Defense Emerging Contaminants
EPA Office of Water Contaminants of Emerging Concern
Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs)
PBDEs
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Persistent Bioaccumulative
Toxic
Use and Contamination is
Widespread
Regulatory and Legal Actions
Rising
Risk Review Management Mitigation
6 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)
Unregulated Contaminant
Monitoring Rule(UCMR)
Center for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC)
National Health and Nutrition
Examination Survey (NHANES)
State Biomonitoring Cooperative Agreement
Seven States with Specific Risk Management Programs Addressing Emerging Contaminants
WA AZ MN NY ME VT
Federal and State EC Programs
7 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
What are PFAS
8
Fluorinated Substances
Perfluoroalkylsubstance
(formerly PFCs)Polyfluoroalkyl
substance
ie FTOH
ie82 FTOH
Note This is a simplified representation of fluorinated substance sub-classes and in no way represents the entire fluorinated substances class
3 RC Buck et al Guide to PFASs in the Environment- Integr Environ Assess Manag 7 2011
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
PFSA
ie PFOSie PFOA
PFCA
UsesSources
Oil and Gas Extraction Electroplating(mist suppressants)
Manufacturing Processes Intermediates By-products
Consumer ProductsSemiconductor
Industry
Aqueous film forming foams
9 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
10
Case Study
Regulatory Landscape
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Facility Management
US Water Criteria
11
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
USEPA 007 007 1
04 04 2
Alaska (AK) 040 040 2
Connecticut (CT) 007 007 2
Delaware (DE) 007 007 2
Iowa (IA) 007 007 2
Maine (ME) 007 007 1
013 056 2
005 12 3
Michigan (MI) 042 0011 4
007 007 2
Minnesota (MN) 0035 0027 2
Nevada (NV) 1
New Hampshire (NH) 007 007 2
New Jersey (NJ) 0014 1
North Carolina (NC) 2 2
Oregon (OR) 24 300 4
Texas (TX) 029 056 2
Vermont (VT) 002 002 12
US EPA
US by State
NOTES
1= drinking water2= groundwater3= recreational water4= surface water
= Promulgated rule (AK IA MI NH NC OR TX VT) = Promulgation anticipated proposed or recommended (MN NJ)= Calculated using the EPA RSL calculator
OTHER NOTABLES
bull 70 of the states adopted criteria within the last 2 yrsbull Several states have adopted criteria for other PFAS
bull CT DE MN NV NJ OR and TXbull CERCLA 5-Year reviews serving as Site ldquoRe-Openersrdquobull Administrative Orders from EPA despite promulgated
rulebull States have adopted Emergency Rules bull Site Clean-Up Goals vary broadly
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
International Water Criteria
12
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
Australia health-based 056 007 1health-based 56 07 2
Canada screening value 02 06 1Denmark screening value 01 01 1Germany health-based 03 03 1
administrative 01 01 1Italy health-based 05 1
screening value 01 3Netherlands health-based 053 1
4 McGuire M E et al (2014) Evidence of remediation-induced alteration of subsurface poly- and perfluoroalkyl substance distribution at a former firefighter training area Environmental Science amp Technology 48(12) 6644-6652
20 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Wastewater and Managementbull Water treatment containment
reusedischargebull Biosolids management reuse
5 Xindi C Hu et al Detection of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in the US Drinking Water Linked to Industrial Sites Military Fire Training Areas and Wastewater Treatment Plants Environmental Science and Technology Letters (August 2016) 3 344-350 DOI 101021ascastlett6b00260
6 US Environmental Protection Agency FACT SHEET Perfluorochemical (PFC) Contaminationof Biosolids Near Decatur Alabama March 20117 httpwwwafcecafmilNewsArticle-DisplayArticle466187air-force-earth-day-2013-emphasis-on-water-conservation
Water reuse Source Construction (compaction dust suppression) Irrigation (grounds golf course)
21 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Stormwaterbull gt95 detection across samples collectedbull Non-point source contributionbull Management via
passive treatment collection and treatment retention
bull Currently being maintained on propertybull Staged until later datebull Liabilities minimized by storing on-sitebull Some disposal facilities refusing to accept
AFFF Foam- Best Management Practices Consider entire life cycle
bull Procurement bull Management of wastewater during testing
and flushingbull Disposal practices
22 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
The ldquotake-home messagesrdquohellip
1 Keep one eye open- the PFAS regulatory framework is evolving quickly
2 Science is not always driving decisions
3 Evaluate and manage liabilities proactively to avoid unintended consequences
PFAS Regulatory Status and Prognosis
PFAS Strategic Management Today
23 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Upcoming ConferencesAEHS Amherst MA- Oct 16-19SETAC Annual Conference Minneapolis MN- Nov 16-18Battelle Chlorinated Conference Palm Springs CA ndashApril 8-12
Industry PublicationsNGWA Groundwater and PFAS State of Knowledge and Practice- due out Fall 2017ITRC PFAS Fact Sheets- 6 in total before the end of 2017Podcast Understanding Emerging Contaminants and Regulatory Matters (httpsitunesapplecomuspodcastcivil-engineering-podcastid993416182mt=2) Woodard S et al 2017 Ion exchange resin for PFAS removal and pilot test comparison to GAC Remediation 2017 2719-27
Where to find us
24 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Questions
Thank youShalene Thomas MS PMPEmerging Contaminants Program ManagerWood dba Amec Foster Wheeler
Male Fathead Minnow Condition FactorMean BCF vs Treatment (Fathead Minnow)
Treatment
BLK GRM BCR FMP PBG USC SCR TWP MIX000
001
002
003
004
005
006Mean
2017
Upstream Downstream
Statistically different means indicated by differing letters
A
BBB
ABAB
ABABAB
Discussion
Varied water chemistry depicts a system with multiple inputs from both known (effluent) and unknown (runoff) sources
Alterations to FHM fecundity and body condition factor represent a complex river system with varying inputs
Sunfish indices (glucose HSI GSI) detail the importance of entire life-cycle exposure due to strong upstream to downstream trends (glucose) and individual site effects (HSI GSI)
Impacts
Potential improper re-direction of energy stores at a critical energy-intensive period of reproduction
Alterations to reproduction and reproductive indices could lead to population dynamic changes
Most pronounced effects observed on resident sunfish those which were exposed their entire life
Acknowledgements
Thanks to our collaboratorsSt Cloud State University ndash
Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory
Estrone and Temperature Interactions Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationships in Freshwater Fish
Estrone and Temperature Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationship in Freshwater Fish
Introduction
Hypothesis
Exposure Systems
Predator Avoidance response
Calcein Staining
Slide Number 8
Slide Number 9
Slide Number 10
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
Results Recap
Discussion
Significance
Acknowledgements
Questions
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastwateer Land Application Sites
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastewater Land Application Sites
Some Definitions
Problem amp Significance
Problem amp Significance
Objectives
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in shallow groundwater near 7 LSTSRIB facilities
Objective (a) - Methods
Facility Locations
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
Comparison to MN Ambient Groundwater
PrioritizationScreening Assessment
Prioritization Assessment - Surface Water
Screening Assessment ndash Human Health
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b) - Methods
Agricultural Field Results
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary
Acknowledgements
Questions
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
Outline
PFAS ndash General overview
What is an emerging contaminant
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Federal and State EC Programs
What are PFAS
UsesSources
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
The Impetus for Change
Slide Number 14
Slide Number 15
Slide Number 16
Slide Number 17
Slide Number 18
Slide Number 19
Slide Number 20
Slide Number 21
Slide Number 22
Slide Number 23
Slide Number 24
Slide Number 25
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnows (pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Maumee River
Maumee River
Study Objective
Slide Number 5
Slide Number 6
Slide Number 7
Slide Number 8
Water Chemistry
Water Chemistry
Fathead Minnow Fecundity
Larval Fathead Minnow
Sunfish Blood Glucose
Slide Number 14
Resident Sunfish Gonadosomatic Index
Slide Number 16
Male Fathead Minnow Condition Factor
Discussion
Impacts
Acknowledgements
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Storm Water Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Stormwater Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary 34 micropollutants detected in groundwater
near LSTSRIB facilities mostly pharmaceuticals Some detectionsconcentrations of potential
concern to aquatic and human health Soils receiving wastewater may be a
repository for some organic contaminants More research on fate amp transport needs to
be conducted to better understand how these BMPs contribute to contaminant load to environment
Acknowledgements
Funding State of Minnesota Clean Water Fund USGS Cooperative Matching Fund
Daniel Morel and Brent Mason sampling Facility owners and operators
Questions
Sarah Elliottselliottusgsgov
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
18 October 2017
Shalene Thomas Amec Foster WheelerHannah Albertus-Benham Amec Foster Wheeler
Outline
1 Introduction and Background The Concern What are Emerging Contaminants Why are they different PFAS what are they and where are they used
2 The Response PFAS Case Study Regulatory Landscape and overview Case Study Summary Facility Management Considerations
3 Summary
2 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
PFAS ndash General overview
Federal and State Programs
What is the concern
Why are they different
What are Emerging Contaminants
3 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
What is an emerging contaminant
4
DoD and EPA definitions generally state
1 Presents potential unacceptable risk
2 Has no published standard3 New science detection or
exposure pathway available12 3
1DoD Instruction 471518 Emerging Contaminants June 11 2009 DUSD (IampE) is Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Installation and Environment2EPA Federal Facilities Restoration and Reuse Officehttpwwwepagovfedfacdocumentsemerging_contaminantshtmadditional_ec
3 httptoxicsusgsgovregionalemc
EC News
Phase IAssessment
Phase IIAssessment
DoD Scan Watch Action Process
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 20175
Department of Defense Emerging Contaminants
EPA Office of Water Contaminants of Emerging Concern
Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs)
PBDEs
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Persistent Bioaccumulative
Toxic
Use and Contamination is
Widespread
Regulatory and Legal Actions
Rising
Risk Review Management Mitigation
6 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)
Unregulated Contaminant
Monitoring Rule(UCMR)
Center for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC)
National Health and Nutrition
Examination Survey (NHANES)
State Biomonitoring Cooperative Agreement
Seven States with Specific Risk Management Programs Addressing Emerging Contaminants
WA AZ MN NY ME VT
Federal and State EC Programs
7 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
What are PFAS
8
Fluorinated Substances
Perfluoroalkylsubstance
(formerly PFCs)Polyfluoroalkyl
substance
ie FTOH
ie82 FTOH
Note This is a simplified representation of fluorinated substance sub-classes and in no way represents the entire fluorinated substances class
3 RC Buck et al Guide to PFASs in the Environment- Integr Environ Assess Manag 7 2011
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
PFSA
ie PFOSie PFOA
PFCA
UsesSources
Oil and Gas Extraction Electroplating(mist suppressants)
Manufacturing Processes Intermediates By-products
Consumer ProductsSemiconductor
Industry
Aqueous film forming foams
9 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
10
Case Study
Regulatory Landscape
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Facility Management
US Water Criteria
11
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
USEPA 007 007 1
04 04 2
Alaska (AK) 040 040 2
Connecticut (CT) 007 007 2
Delaware (DE) 007 007 2
Iowa (IA) 007 007 2
Maine (ME) 007 007 1
013 056 2
005 12 3
Michigan (MI) 042 0011 4
007 007 2
Minnesota (MN) 0035 0027 2
Nevada (NV) 1
New Hampshire (NH) 007 007 2
New Jersey (NJ) 0014 1
North Carolina (NC) 2 2
Oregon (OR) 24 300 4
Texas (TX) 029 056 2
Vermont (VT) 002 002 12
US EPA
US by State
NOTES
1= drinking water2= groundwater3= recreational water4= surface water
= Promulgated rule (AK IA MI NH NC OR TX VT) = Promulgation anticipated proposed or recommended (MN NJ)= Calculated using the EPA RSL calculator
OTHER NOTABLES
bull 70 of the states adopted criteria within the last 2 yrsbull Several states have adopted criteria for other PFAS
bull CT DE MN NV NJ OR and TXbull CERCLA 5-Year reviews serving as Site ldquoRe-Openersrdquobull Administrative Orders from EPA despite promulgated
rulebull States have adopted Emergency Rules bull Site Clean-Up Goals vary broadly
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
International Water Criteria
12
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
Australia health-based 056 007 1health-based 56 07 2
Canada screening value 02 06 1Denmark screening value 01 01 1Germany health-based 03 03 1
administrative 01 01 1Italy health-based 05 1
screening value 01 3Netherlands health-based 053 1
4 McGuire M E et al (2014) Evidence of remediation-induced alteration of subsurface poly- and perfluoroalkyl substance distribution at a former firefighter training area Environmental Science amp Technology 48(12) 6644-6652
20 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Wastewater and Managementbull Water treatment containment
reusedischargebull Biosolids management reuse
5 Xindi C Hu et al Detection of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in the US Drinking Water Linked to Industrial Sites Military Fire Training Areas and Wastewater Treatment Plants Environmental Science and Technology Letters (August 2016) 3 344-350 DOI 101021ascastlett6b00260
6 US Environmental Protection Agency FACT SHEET Perfluorochemical (PFC) Contaminationof Biosolids Near Decatur Alabama March 20117 httpwwwafcecafmilNewsArticle-DisplayArticle466187air-force-earth-day-2013-emphasis-on-water-conservation
Water reuse Source Construction (compaction dust suppression) Irrigation (grounds golf course)
21 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Stormwaterbull gt95 detection across samples collectedbull Non-point source contributionbull Management via
passive treatment collection and treatment retention
bull Currently being maintained on propertybull Staged until later datebull Liabilities minimized by storing on-sitebull Some disposal facilities refusing to accept
AFFF Foam- Best Management Practices Consider entire life cycle
bull Procurement bull Management of wastewater during testing
and flushingbull Disposal practices
22 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
The ldquotake-home messagesrdquohellip
1 Keep one eye open- the PFAS regulatory framework is evolving quickly
2 Science is not always driving decisions
3 Evaluate and manage liabilities proactively to avoid unintended consequences
PFAS Regulatory Status and Prognosis
PFAS Strategic Management Today
23 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Upcoming ConferencesAEHS Amherst MA- Oct 16-19SETAC Annual Conference Minneapolis MN- Nov 16-18Battelle Chlorinated Conference Palm Springs CA ndashApril 8-12
Industry PublicationsNGWA Groundwater and PFAS State of Knowledge and Practice- due out Fall 2017ITRC PFAS Fact Sheets- 6 in total before the end of 2017Podcast Understanding Emerging Contaminants and Regulatory Matters (httpsitunesapplecomuspodcastcivil-engineering-podcastid993416182mt=2) Woodard S et al 2017 Ion exchange resin for PFAS removal and pilot test comparison to GAC Remediation 2017 2719-27
Where to find us
24 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Questions
Thank youShalene Thomas MS PMPEmerging Contaminants Program ManagerWood dba Amec Foster Wheeler
Male Fathead Minnow Condition FactorMean BCF vs Treatment (Fathead Minnow)
Treatment
BLK GRM BCR FMP PBG USC SCR TWP MIX000
001
002
003
004
005
006Mean
2017
Upstream Downstream
Statistically different means indicated by differing letters
A
BBB
ABAB
ABABAB
Discussion
Varied water chemistry depicts a system with multiple inputs from both known (effluent) and unknown (runoff) sources
Alterations to FHM fecundity and body condition factor represent a complex river system with varying inputs
Sunfish indices (glucose HSI GSI) detail the importance of entire life-cycle exposure due to strong upstream to downstream trends (glucose) and individual site effects (HSI GSI)
Impacts
Potential improper re-direction of energy stores at a critical energy-intensive period of reproduction
Alterations to reproduction and reproductive indices could lead to population dynamic changes
Most pronounced effects observed on resident sunfish those which were exposed their entire life
Acknowledgements
Thanks to our collaboratorsSt Cloud State University ndash
Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory
Estrone and Temperature Interactions Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationships in Freshwater Fish
Estrone and Temperature Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationship in Freshwater Fish
Introduction
Hypothesis
Exposure Systems
Predator Avoidance response
Calcein Staining
Slide Number 8
Slide Number 9
Slide Number 10
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
Results Recap
Discussion
Significance
Acknowledgements
Questions
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastwateer Land Application Sites
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastewater Land Application Sites
Some Definitions
Problem amp Significance
Problem amp Significance
Objectives
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in shallow groundwater near 7 LSTSRIB facilities
Objective (a) - Methods
Facility Locations
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
Comparison to MN Ambient Groundwater
PrioritizationScreening Assessment
Prioritization Assessment - Surface Water
Screening Assessment ndash Human Health
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b) - Methods
Agricultural Field Results
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary
Acknowledgements
Questions
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
Outline
PFAS ndash General overview
What is an emerging contaminant
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Federal and State EC Programs
What are PFAS
UsesSources
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
The Impetus for Change
Slide Number 14
Slide Number 15
Slide Number 16
Slide Number 17
Slide Number 18
Slide Number 19
Slide Number 20
Slide Number 21
Slide Number 22
Slide Number 23
Slide Number 24
Slide Number 25
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnows (pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Maumee River
Maumee River
Study Objective
Slide Number 5
Slide Number 6
Slide Number 7
Slide Number 8
Water Chemistry
Water Chemistry
Fathead Minnow Fecundity
Larval Fathead Minnow
Sunfish Blood Glucose
Slide Number 14
Resident Sunfish Gonadosomatic Index
Slide Number 16
Male Fathead Minnow Condition Factor
Discussion
Impacts
Acknowledgements
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Storm Water Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Stormwater Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
Summary 34 micropollutants detected in groundwater
near LSTSRIB facilities mostly pharmaceuticals Some detectionsconcentrations of potential
concern to aquatic and human health Soils receiving wastewater may be a
repository for some organic contaminants More research on fate amp transport needs to
be conducted to better understand how these BMPs contribute to contaminant load to environment
Acknowledgements
Funding State of Minnesota Clean Water Fund USGS Cooperative Matching Fund
Daniel Morel and Brent Mason sampling Facility owners and operators
Questions
Sarah Elliottselliottusgsgov
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
18 October 2017
Shalene Thomas Amec Foster WheelerHannah Albertus-Benham Amec Foster Wheeler
Outline
1 Introduction and Background The Concern What are Emerging Contaminants Why are they different PFAS what are they and where are they used
2 The Response PFAS Case Study Regulatory Landscape and overview Case Study Summary Facility Management Considerations
3 Summary
2 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
PFAS ndash General overview
Federal and State Programs
What is the concern
Why are they different
What are Emerging Contaminants
3 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
What is an emerging contaminant
4
DoD and EPA definitions generally state
1 Presents potential unacceptable risk
2 Has no published standard3 New science detection or
exposure pathway available12 3
1DoD Instruction 471518 Emerging Contaminants June 11 2009 DUSD (IampE) is Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Installation and Environment2EPA Federal Facilities Restoration and Reuse Officehttpwwwepagovfedfacdocumentsemerging_contaminantshtmadditional_ec
3 httptoxicsusgsgovregionalemc
EC News
Phase IAssessment
Phase IIAssessment
DoD Scan Watch Action Process
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 20175
Department of Defense Emerging Contaminants
EPA Office of Water Contaminants of Emerging Concern
Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs)
PBDEs
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Persistent Bioaccumulative
Toxic
Use and Contamination is
Widespread
Regulatory and Legal Actions
Rising
Risk Review Management Mitigation
6 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)
Unregulated Contaminant
Monitoring Rule(UCMR)
Center for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC)
National Health and Nutrition
Examination Survey (NHANES)
State Biomonitoring Cooperative Agreement
Seven States with Specific Risk Management Programs Addressing Emerging Contaminants
WA AZ MN NY ME VT
Federal and State EC Programs
7 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
What are PFAS
8
Fluorinated Substances
Perfluoroalkylsubstance
(formerly PFCs)Polyfluoroalkyl
substance
ie FTOH
ie82 FTOH
Note This is a simplified representation of fluorinated substance sub-classes and in no way represents the entire fluorinated substances class
3 RC Buck et al Guide to PFASs in the Environment- Integr Environ Assess Manag 7 2011
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
PFSA
ie PFOSie PFOA
PFCA
UsesSources
Oil and Gas Extraction Electroplating(mist suppressants)
Manufacturing Processes Intermediates By-products
Consumer ProductsSemiconductor
Industry
Aqueous film forming foams
9 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
10
Case Study
Regulatory Landscape
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Facility Management
US Water Criteria
11
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
USEPA 007 007 1
04 04 2
Alaska (AK) 040 040 2
Connecticut (CT) 007 007 2
Delaware (DE) 007 007 2
Iowa (IA) 007 007 2
Maine (ME) 007 007 1
013 056 2
005 12 3
Michigan (MI) 042 0011 4
007 007 2
Minnesota (MN) 0035 0027 2
Nevada (NV) 1
New Hampshire (NH) 007 007 2
New Jersey (NJ) 0014 1
North Carolina (NC) 2 2
Oregon (OR) 24 300 4
Texas (TX) 029 056 2
Vermont (VT) 002 002 12
US EPA
US by State
NOTES
1= drinking water2= groundwater3= recreational water4= surface water
= Promulgated rule (AK IA MI NH NC OR TX VT) = Promulgation anticipated proposed or recommended (MN NJ)= Calculated using the EPA RSL calculator
OTHER NOTABLES
bull 70 of the states adopted criteria within the last 2 yrsbull Several states have adopted criteria for other PFAS
bull CT DE MN NV NJ OR and TXbull CERCLA 5-Year reviews serving as Site ldquoRe-Openersrdquobull Administrative Orders from EPA despite promulgated
rulebull States have adopted Emergency Rules bull Site Clean-Up Goals vary broadly
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
International Water Criteria
12
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
Australia health-based 056 007 1health-based 56 07 2
Canada screening value 02 06 1Denmark screening value 01 01 1Germany health-based 03 03 1
administrative 01 01 1Italy health-based 05 1
screening value 01 3Netherlands health-based 053 1
4 McGuire M E et al (2014) Evidence of remediation-induced alteration of subsurface poly- and perfluoroalkyl substance distribution at a former firefighter training area Environmental Science amp Technology 48(12) 6644-6652
20 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Wastewater and Managementbull Water treatment containment
reusedischargebull Biosolids management reuse
5 Xindi C Hu et al Detection of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in the US Drinking Water Linked to Industrial Sites Military Fire Training Areas and Wastewater Treatment Plants Environmental Science and Technology Letters (August 2016) 3 344-350 DOI 101021ascastlett6b00260
6 US Environmental Protection Agency FACT SHEET Perfluorochemical (PFC) Contaminationof Biosolids Near Decatur Alabama March 20117 httpwwwafcecafmilNewsArticle-DisplayArticle466187air-force-earth-day-2013-emphasis-on-water-conservation
Water reuse Source Construction (compaction dust suppression) Irrigation (grounds golf course)
21 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Stormwaterbull gt95 detection across samples collectedbull Non-point source contributionbull Management via
passive treatment collection and treatment retention
bull Currently being maintained on propertybull Staged until later datebull Liabilities minimized by storing on-sitebull Some disposal facilities refusing to accept
AFFF Foam- Best Management Practices Consider entire life cycle
bull Procurement bull Management of wastewater during testing
and flushingbull Disposal practices
22 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
The ldquotake-home messagesrdquohellip
1 Keep one eye open- the PFAS regulatory framework is evolving quickly
2 Science is not always driving decisions
3 Evaluate and manage liabilities proactively to avoid unintended consequences
PFAS Regulatory Status and Prognosis
PFAS Strategic Management Today
23 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Upcoming ConferencesAEHS Amherst MA- Oct 16-19SETAC Annual Conference Minneapolis MN- Nov 16-18Battelle Chlorinated Conference Palm Springs CA ndashApril 8-12
Industry PublicationsNGWA Groundwater and PFAS State of Knowledge and Practice- due out Fall 2017ITRC PFAS Fact Sheets- 6 in total before the end of 2017Podcast Understanding Emerging Contaminants and Regulatory Matters (httpsitunesapplecomuspodcastcivil-engineering-podcastid993416182mt=2) Woodard S et al 2017 Ion exchange resin for PFAS removal and pilot test comparison to GAC Remediation 2017 2719-27
Where to find us
24 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Questions
Thank youShalene Thomas MS PMPEmerging Contaminants Program ManagerWood dba Amec Foster Wheeler
Male Fathead Minnow Condition FactorMean BCF vs Treatment (Fathead Minnow)
Treatment
BLK GRM BCR FMP PBG USC SCR TWP MIX000
001
002
003
004
005
006Mean
2017
Upstream Downstream
Statistically different means indicated by differing letters
A
BBB
ABAB
ABABAB
Discussion
Varied water chemistry depicts a system with multiple inputs from both known (effluent) and unknown (runoff) sources
Alterations to FHM fecundity and body condition factor represent a complex river system with varying inputs
Sunfish indices (glucose HSI GSI) detail the importance of entire life-cycle exposure due to strong upstream to downstream trends (glucose) and individual site effects (HSI GSI)
Impacts
Potential improper re-direction of energy stores at a critical energy-intensive period of reproduction
Alterations to reproduction and reproductive indices could lead to population dynamic changes
Most pronounced effects observed on resident sunfish those which were exposed their entire life
Acknowledgements
Thanks to our collaboratorsSt Cloud State University ndash
Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory
Estrone and Temperature Interactions Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationships in Freshwater Fish
Estrone and Temperature Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationship in Freshwater Fish
Introduction
Hypothesis
Exposure Systems
Predator Avoidance response
Calcein Staining
Slide Number 8
Slide Number 9
Slide Number 10
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
Results Recap
Discussion
Significance
Acknowledgements
Questions
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastwateer Land Application Sites
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastewater Land Application Sites
Some Definitions
Problem amp Significance
Problem amp Significance
Objectives
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in shallow groundwater near 7 LSTSRIB facilities
Objective (a) - Methods
Facility Locations
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
Comparison to MN Ambient Groundwater
PrioritizationScreening Assessment
Prioritization Assessment - Surface Water
Screening Assessment ndash Human Health
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b) - Methods
Agricultural Field Results
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary
Acknowledgements
Questions
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
Outline
PFAS ndash General overview
What is an emerging contaminant
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Federal and State EC Programs
What are PFAS
UsesSources
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
The Impetus for Change
Slide Number 14
Slide Number 15
Slide Number 16
Slide Number 17
Slide Number 18
Slide Number 19
Slide Number 20
Slide Number 21
Slide Number 22
Slide Number 23
Slide Number 24
Slide Number 25
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnows (pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Maumee River
Maumee River
Study Objective
Slide Number 5
Slide Number 6
Slide Number 7
Slide Number 8
Water Chemistry
Water Chemistry
Fathead Minnow Fecundity
Larval Fathead Minnow
Sunfish Blood Glucose
Slide Number 14
Resident Sunfish Gonadosomatic Index
Slide Number 16
Male Fathead Minnow Condition Factor
Discussion
Impacts
Acknowledgements
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Storm Water Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Stormwater Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
Acknowledgements
Funding State of Minnesota Clean Water Fund USGS Cooperative Matching Fund
Daniel Morel and Brent Mason sampling Facility owners and operators
Questions
Sarah Elliottselliottusgsgov
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
18 October 2017
Shalene Thomas Amec Foster WheelerHannah Albertus-Benham Amec Foster Wheeler
Outline
1 Introduction and Background The Concern What are Emerging Contaminants Why are they different PFAS what are they and where are they used
2 The Response PFAS Case Study Regulatory Landscape and overview Case Study Summary Facility Management Considerations
3 Summary
2 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
PFAS ndash General overview
Federal and State Programs
What is the concern
Why are they different
What are Emerging Contaminants
3 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
What is an emerging contaminant
4
DoD and EPA definitions generally state
1 Presents potential unacceptable risk
2 Has no published standard3 New science detection or
exposure pathway available12 3
1DoD Instruction 471518 Emerging Contaminants June 11 2009 DUSD (IampE) is Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Installation and Environment2EPA Federal Facilities Restoration and Reuse Officehttpwwwepagovfedfacdocumentsemerging_contaminantshtmadditional_ec
3 httptoxicsusgsgovregionalemc
EC News
Phase IAssessment
Phase IIAssessment
DoD Scan Watch Action Process
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 20175
Department of Defense Emerging Contaminants
EPA Office of Water Contaminants of Emerging Concern
Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs)
PBDEs
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Persistent Bioaccumulative
Toxic
Use and Contamination is
Widespread
Regulatory and Legal Actions
Rising
Risk Review Management Mitigation
6 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)
Unregulated Contaminant
Monitoring Rule(UCMR)
Center for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC)
National Health and Nutrition
Examination Survey (NHANES)
State Biomonitoring Cooperative Agreement
Seven States with Specific Risk Management Programs Addressing Emerging Contaminants
WA AZ MN NY ME VT
Federal and State EC Programs
7 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
What are PFAS
8
Fluorinated Substances
Perfluoroalkylsubstance
(formerly PFCs)Polyfluoroalkyl
substance
ie FTOH
ie82 FTOH
Note This is a simplified representation of fluorinated substance sub-classes and in no way represents the entire fluorinated substances class
3 RC Buck et al Guide to PFASs in the Environment- Integr Environ Assess Manag 7 2011
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
PFSA
ie PFOSie PFOA
PFCA
UsesSources
Oil and Gas Extraction Electroplating(mist suppressants)
Manufacturing Processes Intermediates By-products
Consumer ProductsSemiconductor
Industry
Aqueous film forming foams
9 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
10
Case Study
Regulatory Landscape
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Facility Management
US Water Criteria
11
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
USEPA 007 007 1
04 04 2
Alaska (AK) 040 040 2
Connecticut (CT) 007 007 2
Delaware (DE) 007 007 2
Iowa (IA) 007 007 2
Maine (ME) 007 007 1
013 056 2
005 12 3
Michigan (MI) 042 0011 4
007 007 2
Minnesota (MN) 0035 0027 2
Nevada (NV) 1
New Hampshire (NH) 007 007 2
New Jersey (NJ) 0014 1
North Carolina (NC) 2 2
Oregon (OR) 24 300 4
Texas (TX) 029 056 2
Vermont (VT) 002 002 12
US EPA
US by State
NOTES
1= drinking water2= groundwater3= recreational water4= surface water
= Promulgated rule (AK IA MI NH NC OR TX VT) = Promulgation anticipated proposed or recommended (MN NJ)= Calculated using the EPA RSL calculator
OTHER NOTABLES
bull 70 of the states adopted criteria within the last 2 yrsbull Several states have adopted criteria for other PFAS
bull CT DE MN NV NJ OR and TXbull CERCLA 5-Year reviews serving as Site ldquoRe-Openersrdquobull Administrative Orders from EPA despite promulgated
rulebull States have adopted Emergency Rules bull Site Clean-Up Goals vary broadly
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
International Water Criteria
12
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
Australia health-based 056 007 1health-based 56 07 2
Canada screening value 02 06 1Denmark screening value 01 01 1Germany health-based 03 03 1
administrative 01 01 1Italy health-based 05 1
screening value 01 3Netherlands health-based 053 1
4 McGuire M E et al (2014) Evidence of remediation-induced alteration of subsurface poly- and perfluoroalkyl substance distribution at a former firefighter training area Environmental Science amp Technology 48(12) 6644-6652
20 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Wastewater and Managementbull Water treatment containment
reusedischargebull Biosolids management reuse
5 Xindi C Hu et al Detection of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in the US Drinking Water Linked to Industrial Sites Military Fire Training Areas and Wastewater Treatment Plants Environmental Science and Technology Letters (August 2016) 3 344-350 DOI 101021ascastlett6b00260
6 US Environmental Protection Agency FACT SHEET Perfluorochemical (PFC) Contaminationof Biosolids Near Decatur Alabama March 20117 httpwwwafcecafmilNewsArticle-DisplayArticle466187air-force-earth-day-2013-emphasis-on-water-conservation
Water reuse Source Construction (compaction dust suppression) Irrigation (grounds golf course)
21 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Stormwaterbull gt95 detection across samples collectedbull Non-point source contributionbull Management via
passive treatment collection and treatment retention
bull Currently being maintained on propertybull Staged until later datebull Liabilities minimized by storing on-sitebull Some disposal facilities refusing to accept
AFFF Foam- Best Management Practices Consider entire life cycle
bull Procurement bull Management of wastewater during testing
and flushingbull Disposal practices
22 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
The ldquotake-home messagesrdquohellip
1 Keep one eye open- the PFAS regulatory framework is evolving quickly
2 Science is not always driving decisions
3 Evaluate and manage liabilities proactively to avoid unintended consequences
PFAS Regulatory Status and Prognosis
PFAS Strategic Management Today
23 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Upcoming ConferencesAEHS Amherst MA- Oct 16-19SETAC Annual Conference Minneapolis MN- Nov 16-18Battelle Chlorinated Conference Palm Springs CA ndashApril 8-12
Industry PublicationsNGWA Groundwater and PFAS State of Knowledge and Practice- due out Fall 2017ITRC PFAS Fact Sheets- 6 in total before the end of 2017Podcast Understanding Emerging Contaminants and Regulatory Matters (httpsitunesapplecomuspodcastcivil-engineering-podcastid993416182mt=2) Woodard S et al 2017 Ion exchange resin for PFAS removal and pilot test comparison to GAC Remediation 2017 2719-27
Where to find us
24 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Questions
Thank youShalene Thomas MS PMPEmerging Contaminants Program ManagerWood dba Amec Foster Wheeler
Male Fathead Minnow Condition FactorMean BCF vs Treatment (Fathead Minnow)
Treatment
BLK GRM BCR FMP PBG USC SCR TWP MIX000
001
002
003
004
005
006Mean
2017
Upstream Downstream
Statistically different means indicated by differing letters
A
BBB
ABAB
ABABAB
Discussion
Varied water chemistry depicts a system with multiple inputs from both known (effluent) and unknown (runoff) sources
Alterations to FHM fecundity and body condition factor represent a complex river system with varying inputs
Sunfish indices (glucose HSI GSI) detail the importance of entire life-cycle exposure due to strong upstream to downstream trends (glucose) and individual site effects (HSI GSI)
Impacts
Potential improper re-direction of energy stores at a critical energy-intensive period of reproduction
Alterations to reproduction and reproductive indices could lead to population dynamic changes
Most pronounced effects observed on resident sunfish those which were exposed their entire life
Acknowledgements
Thanks to our collaboratorsSt Cloud State University ndash
Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory
Estrone and Temperature Interactions Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationships in Freshwater Fish
Estrone and Temperature Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationship in Freshwater Fish
Introduction
Hypothesis
Exposure Systems
Predator Avoidance response
Calcein Staining
Slide Number 8
Slide Number 9
Slide Number 10
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
Results Recap
Discussion
Significance
Acknowledgements
Questions
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastwateer Land Application Sites
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastewater Land Application Sites
Some Definitions
Problem amp Significance
Problem amp Significance
Objectives
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in shallow groundwater near 7 LSTSRIB facilities
Objective (a) - Methods
Facility Locations
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
Comparison to MN Ambient Groundwater
PrioritizationScreening Assessment
Prioritization Assessment - Surface Water
Screening Assessment ndash Human Health
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b) - Methods
Agricultural Field Results
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary
Acknowledgements
Questions
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
Outline
PFAS ndash General overview
What is an emerging contaminant
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Federal and State EC Programs
What are PFAS
UsesSources
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
The Impetus for Change
Slide Number 14
Slide Number 15
Slide Number 16
Slide Number 17
Slide Number 18
Slide Number 19
Slide Number 20
Slide Number 21
Slide Number 22
Slide Number 23
Slide Number 24
Slide Number 25
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnows (pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Maumee River
Maumee River
Study Objective
Slide Number 5
Slide Number 6
Slide Number 7
Slide Number 8
Water Chemistry
Water Chemistry
Fathead Minnow Fecundity
Larval Fathead Minnow
Sunfish Blood Glucose
Slide Number 14
Resident Sunfish Gonadosomatic Index
Slide Number 16
Male Fathead Minnow Condition Factor
Discussion
Impacts
Acknowledgements
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Storm Water Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Stormwater Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
Questions
Sarah Elliottselliottusgsgov
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
18 October 2017
Shalene Thomas Amec Foster WheelerHannah Albertus-Benham Amec Foster Wheeler
Outline
1 Introduction and Background The Concern What are Emerging Contaminants Why are they different PFAS what are they and where are they used
2 The Response PFAS Case Study Regulatory Landscape and overview Case Study Summary Facility Management Considerations
3 Summary
2 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
PFAS ndash General overview
Federal and State Programs
What is the concern
Why are they different
What are Emerging Contaminants
3 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
What is an emerging contaminant
4
DoD and EPA definitions generally state
1 Presents potential unacceptable risk
2 Has no published standard3 New science detection or
exposure pathway available12 3
1DoD Instruction 471518 Emerging Contaminants June 11 2009 DUSD (IampE) is Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Installation and Environment2EPA Federal Facilities Restoration and Reuse Officehttpwwwepagovfedfacdocumentsemerging_contaminantshtmadditional_ec
3 httptoxicsusgsgovregionalemc
EC News
Phase IAssessment
Phase IIAssessment
DoD Scan Watch Action Process
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 20175
Department of Defense Emerging Contaminants
EPA Office of Water Contaminants of Emerging Concern
Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs)
PBDEs
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Persistent Bioaccumulative
Toxic
Use and Contamination is
Widespread
Regulatory and Legal Actions
Rising
Risk Review Management Mitigation
6 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)
Unregulated Contaminant
Monitoring Rule(UCMR)
Center for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC)
National Health and Nutrition
Examination Survey (NHANES)
State Biomonitoring Cooperative Agreement
Seven States with Specific Risk Management Programs Addressing Emerging Contaminants
WA AZ MN NY ME VT
Federal and State EC Programs
7 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
What are PFAS
8
Fluorinated Substances
Perfluoroalkylsubstance
(formerly PFCs)Polyfluoroalkyl
substance
ie FTOH
ie82 FTOH
Note This is a simplified representation of fluorinated substance sub-classes and in no way represents the entire fluorinated substances class
3 RC Buck et al Guide to PFASs in the Environment- Integr Environ Assess Manag 7 2011
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
PFSA
ie PFOSie PFOA
PFCA
UsesSources
Oil and Gas Extraction Electroplating(mist suppressants)
Manufacturing Processes Intermediates By-products
Consumer ProductsSemiconductor
Industry
Aqueous film forming foams
9 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
10
Case Study
Regulatory Landscape
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Facility Management
US Water Criteria
11
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
USEPA 007 007 1
04 04 2
Alaska (AK) 040 040 2
Connecticut (CT) 007 007 2
Delaware (DE) 007 007 2
Iowa (IA) 007 007 2
Maine (ME) 007 007 1
013 056 2
005 12 3
Michigan (MI) 042 0011 4
007 007 2
Minnesota (MN) 0035 0027 2
Nevada (NV) 1
New Hampshire (NH) 007 007 2
New Jersey (NJ) 0014 1
North Carolina (NC) 2 2
Oregon (OR) 24 300 4
Texas (TX) 029 056 2
Vermont (VT) 002 002 12
US EPA
US by State
NOTES
1= drinking water2= groundwater3= recreational water4= surface water
= Promulgated rule (AK IA MI NH NC OR TX VT) = Promulgation anticipated proposed or recommended (MN NJ)= Calculated using the EPA RSL calculator
OTHER NOTABLES
bull 70 of the states adopted criteria within the last 2 yrsbull Several states have adopted criteria for other PFAS
bull CT DE MN NV NJ OR and TXbull CERCLA 5-Year reviews serving as Site ldquoRe-Openersrdquobull Administrative Orders from EPA despite promulgated
rulebull States have adopted Emergency Rules bull Site Clean-Up Goals vary broadly
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
International Water Criteria
12
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
Australia health-based 056 007 1health-based 56 07 2
Canada screening value 02 06 1Denmark screening value 01 01 1Germany health-based 03 03 1
administrative 01 01 1Italy health-based 05 1
screening value 01 3Netherlands health-based 053 1
4 McGuire M E et al (2014) Evidence of remediation-induced alteration of subsurface poly- and perfluoroalkyl substance distribution at a former firefighter training area Environmental Science amp Technology 48(12) 6644-6652
20 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Wastewater and Managementbull Water treatment containment
reusedischargebull Biosolids management reuse
5 Xindi C Hu et al Detection of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in the US Drinking Water Linked to Industrial Sites Military Fire Training Areas and Wastewater Treatment Plants Environmental Science and Technology Letters (August 2016) 3 344-350 DOI 101021ascastlett6b00260
6 US Environmental Protection Agency FACT SHEET Perfluorochemical (PFC) Contaminationof Biosolids Near Decatur Alabama March 20117 httpwwwafcecafmilNewsArticle-DisplayArticle466187air-force-earth-day-2013-emphasis-on-water-conservation
Water reuse Source Construction (compaction dust suppression) Irrigation (grounds golf course)
21 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Stormwaterbull gt95 detection across samples collectedbull Non-point source contributionbull Management via
passive treatment collection and treatment retention
bull Currently being maintained on propertybull Staged until later datebull Liabilities minimized by storing on-sitebull Some disposal facilities refusing to accept
AFFF Foam- Best Management Practices Consider entire life cycle
bull Procurement bull Management of wastewater during testing
and flushingbull Disposal practices
22 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
The ldquotake-home messagesrdquohellip
1 Keep one eye open- the PFAS regulatory framework is evolving quickly
2 Science is not always driving decisions
3 Evaluate and manage liabilities proactively to avoid unintended consequences
PFAS Regulatory Status and Prognosis
PFAS Strategic Management Today
23 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Upcoming ConferencesAEHS Amherst MA- Oct 16-19SETAC Annual Conference Minneapolis MN- Nov 16-18Battelle Chlorinated Conference Palm Springs CA ndashApril 8-12
Industry PublicationsNGWA Groundwater and PFAS State of Knowledge and Practice- due out Fall 2017ITRC PFAS Fact Sheets- 6 in total before the end of 2017Podcast Understanding Emerging Contaminants and Regulatory Matters (httpsitunesapplecomuspodcastcivil-engineering-podcastid993416182mt=2) Woodard S et al 2017 Ion exchange resin for PFAS removal and pilot test comparison to GAC Remediation 2017 2719-27
Where to find us
24 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Questions
Thank youShalene Thomas MS PMPEmerging Contaminants Program ManagerWood dba Amec Foster Wheeler
Male Fathead Minnow Condition FactorMean BCF vs Treatment (Fathead Minnow)
Treatment
BLK GRM BCR FMP PBG USC SCR TWP MIX000
001
002
003
004
005
006Mean
2017
Upstream Downstream
Statistically different means indicated by differing letters
A
BBB
ABAB
ABABAB
Discussion
Varied water chemistry depicts a system with multiple inputs from both known (effluent) and unknown (runoff) sources
Alterations to FHM fecundity and body condition factor represent a complex river system with varying inputs
Sunfish indices (glucose HSI GSI) detail the importance of entire life-cycle exposure due to strong upstream to downstream trends (glucose) and individual site effects (HSI GSI)
Impacts
Potential improper re-direction of energy stores at a critical energy-intensive period of reproduction
Alterations to reproduction and reproductive indices could lead to population dynamic changes
Most pronounced effects observed on resident sunfish those which were exposed their entire life
Acknowledgements
Thanks to our collaboratorsSt Cloud State University ndash
Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory
Estrone and Temperature Interactions Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationships in Freshwater Fish
Estrone and Temperature Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationship in Freshwater Fish
Introduction
Hypothesis
Exposure Systems
Predator Avoidance response
Calcein Staining
Slide Number 8
Slide Number 9
Slide Number 10
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
Results Recap
Discussion
Significance
Acknowledgements
Questions
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastwateer Land Application Sites
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastewater Land Application Sites
Some Definitions
Problem amp Significance
Problem amp Significance
Objectives
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in shallow groundwater near 7 LSTSRIB facilities
Objective (a) - Methods
Facility Locations
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
Comparison to MN Ambient Groundwater
PrioritizationScreening Assessment
Prioritization Assessment - Surface Water
Screening Assessment ndash Human Health
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b) - Methods
Agricultural Field Results
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary
Acknowledgements
Questions
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
Outline
PFAS ndash General overview
What is an emerging contaminant
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Federal and State EC Programs
What are PFAS
UsesSources
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
The Impetus for Change
Slide Number 14
Slide Number 15
Slide Number 16
Slide Number 17
Slide Number 18
Slide Number 19
Slide Number 20
Slide Number 21
Slide Number 22
Slide Number 23
Slide Number 24
Slide Number 25
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnows (pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Maumee River
Maumee River
Study Objective
Slide Number 5
Slide Number 6
Slide Number 7
Slide Number 8
Water Chemistry
Water Chemistry
Fathead Minnow Fecundity
Larval Fathead Minnow
Sunfish Blood Glucose
Slide Number 14
Resident Sunfish Gonadosomatic Index
Slide Number 16
Male Fathead Minnow Condition Factor
Discussion
Impacts
Acknowledgements
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Storm Water Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Stormwater Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
18 October 2017
Shalene Thomas Amec Foster WheelerHannah Albertus-Benham Amec Foster Wheeler
Outline
1 Introduction and Background The Concern What are Emerging Contaminants Why are they different PFAS what are they and where are they used
2 The Response PFAS Case Study Regulatory Landscape and overview Case Study Summary Facility Management Considerations
3 Summary
2 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
PFAS ndash General overview
Federal and State Programs
What is the concern
Why are they different
What are Emerging Contaminants
3 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
What is an emerging contaminant
4
DoD and EPA definitions generally state
1 Presents potential unacceptable risk
2 Has no published standard3 New science detection or
exposure pathway available12 3
1DoD Instruction 471518 Emerging Contaminants June 11 2009 DUSD (IampE) is Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Installation and Environment2EPA Federal Facilities Restoration and Reuse Officehttpwwwepagovfedfacdocumentsemerging_contaminantshtmadditional_ec
3 httptoxicsusgsgovregionalemc
EC News
Phase IAssessment
Phase IIAssessment
DoD Scan Watch Action Process
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 20175
Department of Defense Emerging Contaminants
EPA Office of Water Contaminants of Emerging Concern
Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs)
PBDEs
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Persistent Bioaccumulative
Toxic
Use and Contamination is
Widespread
Regulatory and Legal Actions
Rising
Risk Review Management Mitigation
6 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)
Unregulated Contaminant
Monitoring Rule(UCMR)
Center for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC)
National Health and Nutrition
Examination Survey (NHANES)
State Biomonitoring Cooperative Agreement
Seven States with Specific Risk Management Programs Addressing Emerging Contaminants
WA AZ MN NY ME VT
Federal and State EC Programs
7 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
What are PFAS
8
Fluorinated Substances
Perfluoroalkylsubstance
(formerly PFCs)Polyfluoroalkyl
substance
ie FTOH
ie82 FTOH
Note This is a simplified representation of fluorinated substance sub-classes and in no way represents the entire fluorinated substances class
3 RC Buck et al Guide to PFASs in the Environment- Integr Environ Assess Manag 7 2011
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
PFSA
ie PFOSie PFOA
PFCA
UsesSources
Oil and Gas Extraction Electroplating(mist suppressants)
Manufacturing Processes Intermediates By-products
Consumer ProductsSemiconductor
Industry
Aqueous film forming foams
9 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
10
Case Study
Regulatory Landscape
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Facility Management
US Water Criteria
11
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
USEPA 007 007 1
04 04 2
Alaska (AK) 040 040 2
Connecticut (CT) 007 007 2
Delaware (DE) 007 007 2
Iowa (IA) 007 007 2
Maine (ME) 007 007 1
013 056 2
005 12 3
Michigan (MI) 042 0011 4
007 007 2
Minnesota (MN) 0035 0027 2
Nevada (NV) 1
New Hampshire (NH) 007 007 2
New Jersey (NJ) 0014 1
North Carolina (NC) 2 2
Oregon (OR) 24 300 4
Texas (TX) 029 056 2
Vermont (VT) 002 002 12
US EPA
US by State
NOTES
1= drinking water2= groundwater3= recreational water4= surface water
= Promulgated rule (AK IA MI NH NC OR TX VT) = Promulgation anticipated proposed or recommended (MN NJ)= Calculated using the EPA RSL calculator
OTHER NOTABLES
bull 70 of the states adopted criteria within the last 2 yrsbull Several states have adopted criteria for other PFAS
bull CT DE MN NV NJ OR and TXbull CERCLA 5-Year reviews serving as Site ldquoRe-Openersrdquobull Administrative Orders from EPA despite promulgated
rulebull States have adopted Emergency Rules bull Site Clean-Up Goals vary broadly
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
International Water Criteria
12
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
Australia health-based 056 007 1health-based 56 07 2
Canada screening value 02 06 1Denmark screening value 01 01 1Germany health-based 03 03 1
administrative 01 01 1Italy health-based 05 1
screening value 01 3Netherlands health-based 053 1
4 McGuire M E et al (2014) Evidence of remediation-induced alteration of subsurface poly- and perfluoroalkyl substance distribution at a former firefighter training area Environmental Science amp Technology 48(12) 6644-6652
20 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Wastewater and Managementbull Water treatment containment
reusedischargebull Biosolids management reuse
5 Xindi C Hu et al Detection of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in the US Drinking Water Linked to Industrial Sites Military Fire Training Areas and Wastewater Treatment Plants Environmental Science and Technology Letters (August 2016) 3 344-350 DOI 101021ascastlett6b00260
6 US Environmental Protection Agency FACT SHEET Perfluorochemical (PFC) Contaminationof Biosolids Near Decatur Alabama March 20117 httpwwwafcecafmilNewsArticle-DisplayArticle466187air-force-earth-day-2013-emphasis-on-water-conservation
Water reuse Source Construction (compaction dust suppression) Irrigation (grounds golf course)
21 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Stormwaterbull gt95 detection across samples collectedbull Non-point source contributionbull Management via
passive treatment collection and treatment retention
bull Currently being maintained on propertybull Staged until later datebull Liabilities minimized by storing on-sitebull Some disposal facilities refusing to accept
AFFF Foam- Best Management Practices Consider entire life cycle
bull Procurement bull Management of wastewater during testing
and flushingbull Disposal practices
22 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
The ldquotake-home messagesrdquohellip
1 Keep one eye open- the PFAS regulatory framework is evolving quickly
2 Science is not always driving decisions
3 Evaluate and manage liabilities proactively to avoid unintended consequences
PFAS Regulatory Status and Prognosis
PFAS Strategic Management Today
23 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Upcoming ConferencesAEHS Amherst MA- Oct 16-19SETAC Annual Conference Minneapolis MN- Nov 16-18Battelle Chlorinated Conference Palm Springs CA ndashApril 8-12
Industry PublicationsNGWA Groundwater and PFAS State of Knowledge and Practice- due out Fall 2017ITRC PFAS Fact Sheets- 6 in total before the end of 2017Podcast Understanding Emerging Contaminants and Regulatory Matters (httpsitunesapplecomuspodcastcivil-engineering-podcastid993416182mt=2) Woodard S et al 2017 Ion exchange resin for PFAS removal and pilot test comparison to GAC Remediation 2017 2719-27
Where to find us
24 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Questions
Thank youShalene Thomas MS PMPEmerging Contaminants Program ManagerWood dba Amec Foster Wheeler
Male Fathead Minnow Condition FactorMean BCF vs Treatment (Fathead Minnow)
Treatment
BLK GRM BCR FMP PBG USC SCR TWP MIX000
001
002
003
004
005
006Mean
2017
Upstream Downstream
Statistically different means indicated by differing letters
A
BBB
ABAB
ABABAB
Discussion
Varied water chemistry depicts a system with multiple inputs from both known (effluent) and unknown (runoff) sources
Alterations to FHM fecundity and body condition factor represent a complex river system with varying inputs
Sunfish indices (glucose HSI GSI) detail the importance of entire life-cycle exposure due to strong upstream to downstream trends (glucose) and individual site effects (HSI GSI)
Impacts
Potential improper re-direction of energy stores at a critical energy-intensive period of reproduction
Alterations to reproduction and reproductive indices could lead to population dynamic changes
Most pronounced effects observed on resident sunfish those which were exposed their entire life
Acknowledgements
Thanks to our collaboratorsSt Cloud State University ndash
Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory
Estrone and Temperature Interactions Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationships in Freshwater Fish
Estrone and Temperature Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationship in Freshwater Fish
Introduction
Hypothesis
Exposure Systems
Predator Avoidance response
Calcein Staining
Slide Number 8
Slide Number 9
Slide Number 10
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
Results Recap
Discussion
Significance
Acknowledgements
Questions
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastwateer Land Application Sites
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastewater Land Application Sites
Some Definitions
Problem amp Significance
Problem amp Significance
Objectives
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in shallow groundwater near 7 LSTSRIB facilities
Objective (a) - Methods
Facility Locations
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
Comparison to MN Ambient Groundwater
PrioritizationScreening Assessment
Prioritization Assessment - Surface Water
Screening Assessment ndash Human Health
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b) - Methods
Agricultural Field Results
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary
Acknowledgements
Questions
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
Outline
PFAS ndash General overview
What is an emerging contaminant
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Federal and State EC Programs
What are PFAS
UsesSources
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
The Impetus for Change
Slide Number 14
Slide Number 15
Slide Number 16
Slide Number 17
Slide Number 18
Slide Number 19
Slide Number 20
Slide Number 21
Slide Number 22
Slide Number 23
Slide Number 24
Slide Number 25
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnows (pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Maumee River
Maumee River
Study Objective
Slide Number 5
Slide Number 6
Slide Number 7
Slide Number 8
Water Chemistry
Water Chemistry
Fathead Minnow Fecundity
Larval Fathead Minnow
Sunfish Blood Glucose
Slide Number 14
Resident Sunfish Gonadosomatic Index
Slide Number 16
Male Fathead Minnow Condition Factor
Discussion
Impacts
Acknowledgements
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Storm Water Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Stormwater Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
Outline
1 Introduction and Background The Concern What are Emerging Contaminants Why are they different PFAS what are they and where are they used
2 The Response PFAS Case Study Regulatory Landscape and overview Case Study Summary Facility Management Considerations
3 Summary
2 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
PFAS ndash General overview
Federal and State Programs
What is the concern
Why are they different
What are Emerging Contaminants
3 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
What is an emerging contaminant
4
DoD and EPA definitions generally state
1 Presents potential unacceptable risk
2 Has no published standard3 New science detection or
exposure pathway available12 3
1DoD Instruction 471518 Emerging Contaminants June 11 2009 DUSD (IampE) is Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Installation and Environment2EPA Federal Facilities Restoration and Reuse Officehttpwwwepagovfedfacdocumentsemerging_contaminantshtmadditional_ec
3 httptoxicsusgsgovregionalemc
EC News
Phase IAssessment
Phase IIAssessment
DoD Scan Watch Action Process
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 20175
Department of Defense Emerging Contaminants
EPA Office of Water Contaminants of Emerging Concern
Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs)
PBDEs
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Persistent Bioaccumulative
Toxic
Use and Contamination is
Widespread
Regulatory and Legal Actions
Rising
Risk Review Management Mitigation
6 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)
Unregulated Contaminant
Monitoring Rule(UCMR)
Center for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC)
National Health and Nutrition
Examination Survey (NHANES)
State Biomonitoring Cooperative Agreement
Seven States with Specific Risk Management Programs Addressing Emerging Contaminants
WA AZ MN NY ME VT
Federal and State EC Programs
7 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
What are PFAS
8
Fluorinated Substances
Perfluoroalkylsubstance
(formerly PFCs)Polyfluoroalkyl
substance
ie FTOH
ie82 FTOH
Note This is a simplified representation of fluorinated substance sub-classes and in no way represents the entire fluorinated substances class
3 RC Buck et al Guide to PFASs in the Environment- Integr Environ Assess Manag 7 2011
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
PFSA
ie PFOSie PFOA
PFCA
UsesSources
Oil and Gas Extraction Electroplating(mist suppressants)
Manufacturing Processes Intermediates By-products
Consumer ProductsSemiconductor
Industry
Aqueous film forming foams
9 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
10
Case Study
Regulatory Landscape
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Facility Management
US Water Criteria
11
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
USEPA 007 007 1
04 04 2
Alaska (AK) 040 040 2
Connecticut (CT) 007 007 2
Delaware (DE) 007 007 2
Iowa (IA) 007 007 2
Maine (ME) 007 007 1
013 056 2
005 12 3
Michigan (MI) 042 0011 4
007 007 2
Minnesota (MN) 0035 0027 2
Nevada (NV) 1
New Hampshire (NH) 007 007 2
New Jersey (NJ) 0014 1
North Carolina (NC) 2 2
Oregon (OR) 24 300 4
Texas (TX) 029 056 2
Vermont (VT) 002 002 12
US EPA
US by State
NOTES
1= drinking water2= groundwater3= recreational water4= surface water
= Promulgated rule (AK IA MI NH NC OR TX VT) = Promulgation anticipated proposed or recommended (MN NJ)= Calculated using the EPA RSL calculator
OTHER NOTABLES
bull 70 of the states adopted criteria within the last 2 yrsbull Several states have adopted criteria for other PFAS
bull CT DE MN NV NJ OR and TXbull CERCLA 5-Year reviews serving as Site ldquoRe-Openersrdquobull Administrative Orders from EPA despite promulgated
rulebull States have adopted Emergency Rules bull Site Clean-Up Goals vary broadly
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
International Water Criteria
12
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
Australia health-based 056 007 1health-based 56 07 2
Canada screening value 02 06 1Denmark screening value 01 01 1Germany health-based 03 03 1
administrative 01 01 1Italy health-based 05 1
screening value 01 3Netherlands health-based 053 1
4 McGuire M E et al (2014) Evidence of remediation-induced alteration of subsurface poly- and perfluoroalkyl substance distribution at a former firefighter training area Environmental Science amp Technology 48(12) 6644-6652
20 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Wastewater and Managementbull Water treatment containment
reusedischargebull Biosolids management reuse
5 Xindi C Hu et al Detection of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in the US Drinking Water Linked to Industrial Sites Military Fire Training Areas and Wastewater Treatment Plants Environmental Science and Technology Letters (August 2016) 3 344-350 DOI 101021ascastlett6b00260
6 US Environmental Protection Agency FACT SHEET Perfluorochemical (PFC) Contaminationof Biosolids Near Decatur Alabama March 20117 httpwwwafcecafmilNewsArticle-DisplayArticle466187air-force-earth-day-2013-emphasis-on-water-conservation
Water reuse Source Construction (compaction dust suppression) Irrigation (grounds golf course)
21 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Stormwaterbull gt95 detection across samples collectedbull Non-point source contributionbull Management via
passive treatment collection and treatment retention
bull Currently being maintained on propertybull Staged until later datebull Liabilities minimized by storing on-sitebull Some disposal facilities refusing to accept
AFFF Foam- Best Management Practices Consider entire life cycle
bull Procurement bull Management of wastewater during testing
and flushingbull Disposal practices
22 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
The ldquotake-home messagesrdquohellip
1 Keep one eye open- the PFAS regulatory framework is evolving quickly
2 Science is not always driving decisions
3 Evaluate and manage liabilities proactively to avoid unintended consequences
PFAS Regulatory Status and Prognosis
PFAS Strategic Management Today
23 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Upcoming ConferencesAEHS Amherst MA- Oct 16-19SETAC Annual Conference Minneapolis MN- Nov 16-18Battelle Chlorinated Conference Palm Springs CA ndashApril 8-12
Industry PublicationsNGWA Groundwater and PFAS State of Knowledge and Practice- due out Fall 2017ITRC PFAS Fact Sheets- 6 in total before the end of 2017Podcast Understanding Emerging Contaminants and Regulatory Matters (httpsitunesapplecomuspodcastcivil-engineering-podcastid993416182mt=2) Woodard S et al 2017 Ion exchange resin for PFAS removal and pilot test comparison to GAC Remediation 2017 2719-27
Where to find us
24 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Questions
Thank youShalene Thomas MS PMPEmerging Contaminants Program ManagerWood dba Amec Foster Wheeler
Male Fathead Minnow Condition FactorMean BCF vs Treatment (Fathead Minnow)
Treatment
BLK GRM BCR FMP PBG USC SCR TWP MIX000
001
002
003
004
005
006Mean
2017
Upstream Downstream
Statistically different means indicated by differing letters
A
BBB
ABAB
ABABAB
Discussion
Varied water chemistry depicts a system with multiple inputs from both known (effluent) and unknown (runoff) sources
Alterations to FHM fecundity and body condition factor represent a complex river system with varying inputs
Sunfish indices (glucose HSI GSI) detail the importance of entire life-cycle exposure due to strong upstream to downstream trends (glucose) and individual site effects (HSI GSI)
Impacts
Potential improper re-direction of energy stores at a critical energy-intensive period of reproduction
Alterations to reproduction and reproductive indices could lead to population dynamic changes
Most pronounced effects observed on resident sunfish those which were exposed their entire life
Acknowledgements
Thanks to our collaboratorsSt Cloud State University ndash
Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory
Estrone and Temperature Interactions Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationships in Freshwater Fish
Estrone and Temperature Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationship in Freshwater Fish
Introduction
Hypothesis
Exposure Systems
Predator Avoidance response
Calcein Staining
Slide Number 8
Slide Number 9
Slide Number 10
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
Results Recap
Discussion
Significance
Acknowledgements
Questions
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastwateer Land Application Sites
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastewater Land Application Sites
Some Definitions
Problem amp Significance
Problem amp Significance
Objectives
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in shallow groundwater near 7 LSTSRIB facilities
Objective (a) - Methods
Facility Locations
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
Comparison to MN Ambient Groundwater
PrioritizationScreening Assessment
Prioritization Assessment - Surface Water
Screening Assessment ndash Human Health
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b) - Methods
Agricultural Field Results
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary
Acknowledgements
Questions
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
Outline
PFAS ndash General overview
What is an emerging contaminant
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Federal and State EC Programs
What are PFAS
UsesSources
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
The Impetus for Change
Slide Number 14
Slide Number 15
Slide Number 16
Slide Number 17
Slide Number 18
Slide Number 19
Slide Number 20
Slide Number 21
Slide Number 22
Slide Number 23
Slide Number 24
Slide Number 25
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnows (pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Maumee River
Maumee River
Study Objective
Slide Number 5
Slide Number 6
Slide Number 7
Slide Number 8
Water Chemistry
Water Chemistry
Fathead Minnow Fecundity
Larval Fathead Minnow
Sunfish Blood Glucose
Slide Number 14
Resident Sunfish Gonadosomatic Index
Slide Number 16
Male Fathead Minnow Condition Factor
Discussion
Impacts
Acknowledgements
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Storm Water Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Stormwater Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
PFAS ndash General overview
Federal and State Programs
What is the concern
Why are they different
What are Emerging Contaminants
3 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
What is an emerging contaminant
4
DoD and EPA definitions generally state
1 Presents potential unacceptable risk
2 Has no published standard3 New science detection or
exposure pathway available12 3
1DoD Instruction 471518 Emerging Contaminants June 11 2009 DUSD (IampE) is Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Installation and Environment2EPA Federal Facilities Restoration and Reuse Officehttpwwwepagovfedfacdocumentsemerging_contaminantshtmadditional_ec
3 httptoxicsusgsgovregionalemc
EC News
Phase IAssessment
Phase IIAssessment
DoD Scan Watch Action Process
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 20175
Department of Defense Emerging Contaminants
EPA Office of Water Contaminants of Emerging Concern
Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs)
PBDEs
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Persistent Bioaccumulative
Toxic
Use and Contamination is
Widespread
Regulatory and Legal Actions
Rising
Risk Review Management Mitigation
6 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)
Unregulated Contaminant
Monitoring Rule(UCMR)
Center for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC)
National Health and Nutrition
Examination Survey (NHANES)
State Biomonitoring Cooperative Agreement
Seven States with Specific Risk Management Programs Addressing Emerging Contaminants
WA AZ MN NY ME VT
Federal and State EC Programs
7 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
What are PFAS
8
Fluorinated Substances
Perfluoroalkylsubstance
(formerly PFCs)Polyfluoroalkyl
substance
ie FTOH
ie82 FTOH
Note This is a simplified representation of fluorinated substance sub-classes and in no way represents the entire fluorinated substances class
3 RC Buck et al Guide to PFASs in the Environment- Integr Environ Assess Manag 7 2011
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
PFSA
ie PFOSie PFOA
PFCA
UsesSources
Oil and Gas Extraction Electroplating(mist suppressants)
Manufacturing Processes Intermediates By-products
Consumer ProductsSemiconductor
Industry
Aqueous film forming foams
9 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
10
Case Study
Regulatory Landscape
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Facility Management
US Water Criteria
11
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
USEPA 007 007 1
04 04 2
Alaska (AK) 040 040 2
Connecticut (CT) 007 007 2
Delaware (DE) 007 007 2
Iowa (IA) 007 007 2
Maine (ME) 007 007 1
013 056 2
005 12 3
Michigan (MI) 042 0011 4
007 007 2
Minnesota (MN) 0035 0027 2
Nevada (NV) 1
New Hampshire (NH) 007 007 2
New Jersey (NJ) 0014 1
North Carolina (NC) 2 2
Oregon (OR) 24 300 4
Texas (TX) 029 056 2
Vermont (VT) 002 002 12
US EPA
US by State
NOTES
1= drinking water2= groundwater3= recreational water4= surface water
= Promulgated rule (AK IA MI NH NC OR TX VT) = Promulgation anticipated proposed or recommended (MN NJ)= Calculated using the EPA RSL calculator
OTHER NOTABLES
bull 70 of the states adopted criteria within the last 2 yrsbull Several states have adopted criteria for other PFAS
bull CT DE MN NV NJ OR and TXbull CERCLA 5-Year reviews serving as Site ldquoRe-Openersrdquobull Administrative Orders from EPA despite promulgated
rulebull States have adopted Emergency Rules bull Site Clean-Up Goals vary broadly
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
International Water Criteria
12
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
Australia health-based 056 007 1health-based 56 07 2
Canada screening value 02 06 1Denmark screening value 01 01 1Germany health-based 03 03 1
administrative 01 01 1Italy health-based 05 1
screening value 01 3Netherlands health-based 053 1
4 McGuire M E et al (2014) Evidence of remediation-induced alteration of subsurface poly- and perfluoroalkyl substance distribution at a former firefighter training area Environmental Science amp Technology 48(12) 6644-6652
20 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Wastewater and Managementbull Water treatment containment
reusedischargebull Biosolids management reuse
5 Xindi C Hu et al Detection of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in the US Drinking Water Linked to Industrial Sites Military Fire Training Areas and Wastewater Treatment Plants Environmental Science and Technology Letters (August 2016) 3 344-350 DOI 101021ascastlett6b00260
6 US Environmental Protection Agency FACT SHEET Perfluorochemical (PFC) Contaminationof Biosolids Near Decatur Alabama March 20117 httpwwwafcecafmilNewsArticle-DisplayArticle466187air-force-earth-day-2013-emphasis-on-water-conservation
Water reuse Source Construction (compaction dust suppression) Irrigation (grounds golf course)
21 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Stormwaterbull gt95 detection across samples collectedbull Non-point source contributionbull Management via
passive treatment collection and treatment retention
bull Currently being maintained on propertybull Staged until later datebull Liabilities minimized by storing on-sitebull Some disposal facilities refusing to accept
AFFF Foam- Best Management Practices Consider entire life cycle
bull Procurement bull Management of wastewater during testing
and flushingbull Disposal practices
22 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
The ldquotake-home messagesrdquohellip
1 Keep one eye open- the PFAS regulatory framework is evolving quickly
2 Science is not always driving decisions
3 Evaluate and manage liabilities proactively to avoid unintended consequences
PFAS Regulatory Status and Prognosis
PFAS Strategic Management Today
23 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Upcoming ConferencesAEHS Amherst MA- Oct 16-19SETAC Annual Conference Minneapolis MN- Nov 16-18Battelle Chlorinated Conference Palm Springs CA ndashApril 8-12
Industry PublicationsNGWA Groundwater and PFAS State of Knowledge and Practice- due out Fall 2017ITRC PFAS Fact Sheets- 6 in total before the end of 2017Podcast Understanding Emerging Contaminants and Regulatory Matters (httpsitunesapplecomuspodcastcivil-engineering-podcastid993416182mt=2) Woodard S et al 2017 Ion exchange resin for PFAS removal and pilot test comparison to GAC Remediation 2017 2719-27
Where to find us
24 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Questions
Thank youShalene Thomas MS PMPEmerging Contaminants Program ManagerWood dba Amec Foster Wheeler
Male Fathead Minnow Condition FactorMean BCF vs Treatment (Fathead Minnow)
Treatment
BLK GRM BCR FMP PBG USC SCR TWP MIX000
001
002
003
004
005
006Mean
2017
Upstream Downstream
Statistically different means indicated by differing letters
A
BBB
ABAB
ABABAB
Discussion
Varied water chemistry depicts a system with multiple inputs from both known (effluent) and unknown (runoff) sources
Alterations to FHM fecundity and body condition factor represent a complex river system with varying inputs
Sunfish indices (glucose HSI GSI) detail the importance of entire life-cycle exposure due to strong upstream to downstream trends (glucose) and individual site effects (HSI GSI)
Impacts
Potential improper re-direction of energy stores at a critical energy-intensive period of reproduction
Alterations to reproduction and reproductive indices could lead to population dynamic changes
Most pronounced effects observed on resident sunfish those which were exposed their entire life
Acknowledgements
Thanks to our collaboratorsSt Cloud State University ndash
Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory
Estrone and Temperature Interactions Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationships in Freshwater Fish
Estrone and Temperature Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationship in Freshwater Fish
Introduction
Hypothesis
Exposure Systems
Predator Avoidance response
Calcein Staining
Slide Number 8
Slide Number 9
Slide Number 10
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
Results Recap
Discussion
Significance
Acknowledgements
Questions
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastwateer Land Application Sites
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastewater Land Application Sites
Some Definitions
Problem amp Significance
Problem amp Significance
Objectives
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in shallow groundwater near 7 LSTSRIB facilities
Objective (a) - Methods
Facility Locations
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
Comparison to MN Ambient Groundwater
PrioritizationScreening Assessment
Prioritization Assessment - Surface Water
Screening Assessment ndash Human Health
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b) - Methods
Agricultural Field Results
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary
Acknowledgements
Questions
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
Outline
PFAS ndash General overview
What is an emerging contaminant
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Federal and State EC Programs
What are PFAS
UsesSources
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
The Impetus for Change
Slide Number 14
Slide Number 15
Slide Number 16
Slide Number 17
Slide Number 18
Slide Number 19
Slide Number 20
Slide Number 21
Slide Number 22
Slide Number 23
Slide Number 24
Slide Number 25
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnows (pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Maumee River
Maumee River
Study Objective
Slide Number 5
Slide Number 6
Slide Number 7
Slide Number 8
Water Chemistry
Water Chemistry
Fathead Minnow Fecundity
Larval Fathead Minnow
Sunfish Blood Glucose
Slide Number 14
Resident Sunfish Gonadosomatic Index
Slide Number 16
Male Fathead Minnow Condition Factor
Discussion
Impacts
Acknowledgements
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Storm Water Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Stormwater Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
What is an emerging contaminant
4
DoD and EPA definitions generally state
1 Presents potential unacceptable risk
2 Has no published standard3 New science detection or
exposure pathway available12 3
1DoD Instruction 471518 Emerging Contaminants June 11 2009 DUSD (IampE) is Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Installation and Environment2EPA Federal Facilities Restoration and Reuse Officehttpwwwepagovfedfacdocumentsemerging_contaminantshtmadditional_ec
3 httptoxicsusgsgovregionalemc
EC News
Phase IAssessment
Phase IIAssessment
DoD Scan Watch Action Process
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 20175
Department of Defense Emerging Contaminants
EPA Office of Water Contaminants of Emerging Concern
Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs)
PBDEs
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Persistent Bioaccumulative
Toxic
Use and Contamination is
Widespread
Regulatory and Legal Actions
Rising
Risk Review Management Mitigation
6 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)
Unregulated Contaminant
Monitoring Rule(UCMR)
Center for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC)
National Health and Nutrition
Examination Survey (NHANES)
State Biomonitoring Cooperative Agreement
Seven States with Specific Risk Management Programs Addressing Emerging Contaminants
WA AZ MN NY ME VT
Federal and State EC Programs
7 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
What are PFAS
8
Fluorinated Substances
Perfluoroalkylsubstance
(formerly PFCs)Polyfluoroalkyl
substance
ie FTOH
ie82 FTOH
Note This is a simplified representation of fluorinated substance sub-classes and in no way represents the entire fluorinated substances class
3 RC Buck et al Guide to PFASs in the Environment- Integr Environ Assess Manag 7 2011
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
PFSA
ie PFOSie PFOA
PFCA
UsesSources
Oil and Gas Extraction Electroplating(mist suppressants)
Manufacturing Processes Intermediates By-products
Consumer ProductsSemiconductor
Industry
Aqueous film forming foams
9 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
10
Case Study
Regulatory Landscape
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Facility Management
US Water Criteria
11
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
USEPA 007 007 1
04 04 2
Alaska (AK) 040 040 2
Connecticut (CT) 007 007 2
Delaware (DE) 007 007 2
Iowa (IA) 007 007 2
Maine (ME) 007 007 1
013 056 2
005 12 3
Michigan (MI) 042 0011 4
007 007 2
Minnesota (MN) 0035 0027 2
Nevada (NV) 1
New Hampshire (NH) 007 007 2
New Jersey (NJ) 0014 1
North Carolina (NC) 2 2
Oregon (OR) 24 300 4
Texas (TX) 029 056 2
Vermont (VT) 002 002 12
US EPA
US by State
NOTES
1= drinking water2= groundwater3= recreational water4= surface water
= Promulgated rule (AK IA MI NH NC OR TX VT) = Promulgation anticipated proposed or recommended (MN NJ)= Calculated using the EPA RSL calculator
OTHER NOTABLES
bull 70 of the states adopted criteria within the last 2 yrsbull Several states have adopted criteria for other PFAS
bull CT DE MN NV NJ OR and TXbull CERCLA 5-Year reviews serving as Site ldquoRe-Openersrdquobull Administrative Orders from EPA despite promulgated
rulebull States have adopted Emergency Rules bull Site Clean-Up Goals vary broadly
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
International Water Criteria
12
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
Australia health-based 056 007 1health-based 56 07 2
Canada screening value 02 06 1Denmark screening value 01 01 1Germany health-based 03 03 1
administrative 01 01 1Italy health-based 05 1
screening value 01 3Netherlands health-based 053 1
4 McGuire M E et al (2014) Evidence of remediation-induced alteration of subsurface poly- and perfluoroalkyl substance distribution at a former firefighter training area Environmental Science amp Technology 48(12) 6644-6652
20 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Wastewater and Managementbull Water treatment containment
reusedischargebull Biosolids management reuse
5 Xindi C Hu et al Detection of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in the US Drinking Water Linked to Industrial Sites Military Fire Training Areas and Wastewater Treatment Plants Environmental Science and Technology Letters (August 2016) 3 344-350 DOI 101021ascastlett6b00260
6 US Environmental Protection Agency FACT SHEET Perfluorochemical (PFC) Contaminationof Biosolids Near Decatur Alabama March 20117 httpwwwafcecafmilNewsArticle-DisplayArticle466187air-force-earth-day-2013-emphasis-on-water-conservation
Water reuse Source Construction (compaction dust suppression) Irrigation (grounds golf course)
21 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Stormwaterbull gt95 detection across samples collectedbull Non-point source contributionbull Management via
passive treatment collection and treatment retention
bull Currently being maintained on propertybull Staged until later datebull Liabilities minimized by storing on-sitebull Some disposal facilities refusing to accept
AFFF Foam- Best Management Practices Consider entire life cycle
bull Procurement bull Management of wastewater during testing
and flushingbull Disposal practices
22 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
The ldquotake-home messagesrdquohellip
1 Keep one eye open- the PFAS regulatory framework is evolving quickly
2 Science is not always driving decisions
3 Evaluate and manage liabilities proactively to avoid unintended consequences
PFAS Regulatory Status and Prognosis
PFAS Strategic Management Today
23 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Upcoming ConferencesAEHS Amherst MA- Oct 16-19SETAC Annual Conference Minneapolis MN- Nov 16-18Battelle Chlorinated Conference Palm Springs CA ndashApril 8-12
Industry PublicationsNGWA Groundwater and PFAS State of Knowledge and Practice- due out Fall 2017ITRC PFAS Fact Sheets- 6 in total before the end of 2017Podcast Understanding Emerging Contaminants and Regulatory Matters (httpsitunesapplecomuspodcastcivil-engineering-podcastid993416182mt=2) Woodard S et al 2017 Ion exchange resin for PFAS removal and pilot test comparison to GAC Remediation 2017 2719-27
Where to find us
24 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Questions
Thank youShalene Thomas MS PMPEmerging Contaminants Program ManagerWood dba Amec Foster Wheeler
Male Fathead Minnow Condition FactorMean BCF vs Treatment (Fathead Minnow)
Treatment
BLK GRM BCR FMP PBG USC SCR TWP MIX000
001
002
003
004
005
006Mean
2017
Upstream Downstream
Statistically different means indicated by differing letters
A
BBB
ABAB
ABABAB
Discussion
Varied water chemistry depicts a system with multiple inputs from both known (effluent) and unknown (runoff) sources
Alterations to FHM fecundity and body condition factor represent a complex river system with varying inputs
Sunfish indices (glucose HSI GSI) detail the importance of entire life-cycle exposure due to strong upstream to downstream trends (glucose) and individual site effects (HSI GSI)
Impacts
Potential improper re-direction of energy stores at a critical energy-intensive period of reproduction
Alterations to reproduction and reproductive indices could lead to population dynamic changes
Most pronounced effects observed on resident sunfish those which were exposed their entire life
Acknowledgements
Thanks to our collaboratorsSt Cloud State University ndash
Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory
Estrone and Temperature Interactions Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationships in Freshwater Fish
Estrone and Temperature Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationship in Freshwater Fish
Introduction
Hypothesis
Exposure Systems
Predator Avoidance response
Calcein Staining
Slide Number 8
Slide Number 9
Slide Number 10
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
Results Recap
Discussion
Significance
Acknowledgements
Questions
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastwateer Land Application Sites
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastewater Land Application Sites
Some Definitions
Problem amp Significance
Problem amp Significance
Objectives
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in shallow groundwater near 7 LSTSRIB facilities
Objective (a) - Methods
Facility Locations
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
Comparison to MN Ambient Groundwater
PrioritizationScreening Assessment
Prioritization Assessment - Surface Water
Screening Assessment ndash Human Health
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b) - Methods
Agricultural Field Results
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary
Acknowledgements
Questions
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
Outline
PFAS ndash General overview
What is an emerging contaminant
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Federal and State EC Programs
What are PFAS
UsesSources
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
The Impetus for Change
Slide Number 14
Slide Number 15
Slide Number 16
Slide Number 17
Slide Number 18
Slide Number 19
Slide Number 20
Slide Number 21
Slide Number 22
Slide Number 23
Slide Number 24
Slide Number 25
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnows (pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Maumee River
Maumee River
Study Objective
Slide Number 5
Slide Number 6
Slide Number 7
Slide Number 8
Water Chemistry
Water Chemistry
Fathead Minnow Fecundity
Larval Fathead Minnow
Sunfish Blood Glucose
Slide Number 14
Resident Sunfish Gonadosomatic Index
Slide Number 16
Male Fathead Minnow Condition Factor
Discussion
Impacts
Acknowledgements
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Storm Water Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Stormwater Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 20175
Department of Defense Emerging Contaminants
EPA Office of Water Contaminants of Emerging Concern
Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs)
PBDEs
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Persistent Bioaccumulative
Toxic
Use and Contamination is
Widespread
Regulatory and Legal Actions
Rising
Risk Review Management Mitigation
6 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)
Unregulated Contaminant
Monitoring Rule(UCMR)
Center for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC)
National Health and Nutrition
Examination Survey (NHANES)
State Biomonitoring Cooperative Agreement
Seven States with Specific Risk Management Programs Addressing Emerging Contaminants
WA AZ MN NY ME VT
Federal and State EC Programs
7 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
What are PFAS
8
Fluorinated Substances
Perfluoroalkylsubstance
(formerly PFCs)Polyfluoroalkyl
substance
ie FTOH
ie82 FTOH
Note This is a simplified representation of fluorinated substance sub-classes and in no way represents the entire fluorinated substances class
3 RC Buck et al Guide to PFASs in the Environment- Integr Environ Assess Manag 7 2011
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
PFSA
ie PFOSie PFOA
PFCA
UsesSources
Oil and Gas Extraction Electroplating(mist suppressants)
Manufacturing Processes Intermediates By-products
Consumer ProductsSemiconductor
Industry
Aqueous film forming foams
9 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
10
Case Study
Regulatory Landscape
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Facility Management
US Water Criteria
11
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
USEPA 007 007 1
04 04 2
Alaska (AK) 040 040 2
Connecticut (CT) 007 007 2
Delaware (DE) 007 007 2
Iowa (IA) 007 007 2
Maine (ME) 007 007 1
013 056 2
005 12 3
Michigan (MI) 042 0011 4
007 007 2
Minnesota (MN) 0035 0027 2
Nevada (NV) 1
New Hampshire (NH) 007 007 2
New Jersey (NJ) 0014 1
North Carolina (NC) 2 2
Oregon (OR) 24 300 4
Texas (TX) 029 056 2
Vermont (VT) 002 002 12
US EPA
US by State
NOTES
1= drinking water2= groundwater3= recreational water4= surface water
= Promulgated rule (AK IA MI NH NC OR TX VT) = Promulgation anticipated proposed or recommended (MN NJ)= Calculated using the EPA RSL calculator
OTHER NOTABLES
bull 70 of the states adopted criteria within the last 2 yrsbull Several states have adopted criteria for other PFAS
bull CT DE MN NV NJ OR and TXbull CERCLA 5-Year reviews serving as Site ldquoRe-Openersrdquobull Administrative Orders from EPA despite promulgated
rulebull States have adopted Emergency Rules bull Site Clean-Up Goals vary broadly
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
International Water Criteria
12
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
Australia health-based 056 007 1health-based 56 07 2
Canada screening value 02 06 1Denmark screening value 01 01 1Germany health-based 03 03 1
administrative 01 01 1Italy health-based 05 1
screening value 01 3Netherlands health-based 053 1
4 McGuire M E et al (2014) Evidence of remediation-induced alteration of subsurface poly- and perfluoroalkyl substance distribution at a former firefighter training area Environmental Science amp Technology 48(12) 6644-6652
20 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Wastewater and Managementbull Water treatment containment
reusedischargebull Biosolids management reuse
5 Xindi C Hu et al Detection of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in the US Drinking Water Linked to Industrial Sites Military Fire Training Areas and Wastewater Treatment Plants Environmental Science and Technology Letters (August 2016) 3 344-350 DOI 101021ascastlett6b00260
6 US Environmental Protection Agency FACT SHEET Perfluorochemical (PFC) Contaminationof Biosolids Near Decatur Alabama March 20117 httpwwwafcecafmilNewsArticle-DisplayArticle466187air-force-earth-day-2013-emphasis-on-water-conservation
Water reuse Source Construction (compaction dust suppression) Irrigation (grounds golf course)
21 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Stormwaterbull gt95 detection across samples collectedbull Non-point source contributionbull Management via
passive treatment collection and treatment retention
bull Currently being maintained on propertybull Staged until later datebull Liabilities minimized by storing on-sitebull Some disposal facilities refusing to accept
AFFF Foam- Best Management Practices Consider entire life cycle
bull Procurement bull Management of wastewater during testing
and flushingbull Disposal practices
22 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
The ldquotake-home messagesrdquohellip
1 Keep one eye open- the PFAS regulatory framework is evolving quickly
2 Science is not always driving decisions
3 Evaluate and manage liabilities proactively to avoid unintended consequences
PFAS Regulatory Status and Prognosis
PFAS Strategic Management Today
23 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Upcoming ConferencesAEHS Amherst MA- Oct 16-19SETAC Annual Conference Minneapolis MN- Nov 16-18Battelle Chlorinated Conference Palm Springs CA ndashApril 8-12
Industry PublicationsNGWA Groundwater and PFAS State of Knowledge and Practice- due out Fall 2017ITRC PFAS Fact Sheets- 6 in total before the end of 2017Podcast Understanding Emerging Contaminants and Regulatory Matters (httpsitunesapplecomuspodcastcivil-engineering-podcastid993416182mt=2) Woodard S et al 2017 Ion exchange resin for PFAS removal and pilot test comparison to GAC Remediation 2017 2719-27
Where to find us
24 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Questions
Thank youShalene Thomas MS PMPEmerging Contaminants Program ManagerWood dba Amec Foster Wheeler
Male Fathead Minnow Condition FactorMean BCF vs Treatment (Fathead Minnow)
Treatment
BLK GRM BCR FMP PBG USC SCR TWP MIX000
001
002
003
004
005
006Mean
2017
Upstream Downstream
Statistically different means indicated by differing letters
A
BBB
ABAB
ABABAB
Discussion
Varied water chemistry depicts a system with multiple inputs from both known (effluent) and unknown (runoff) sources
Alterations to FHM fecundity and body condition factor represent a complex river system with varying inputs
Sunfish indices (glucose HSI GSI) detail the importance of entire life-cycle exposure due to strong upstream to downstream trends (glucose) and individual site effects (HSI GSI)
Impacts
Potential improper re-direction of energy stores at a critical energy-intensive period of reproduction
Alterations to reproduction and reproductive indices could lead to population dynamic changes
Most pronounced effects observed on resident sunfish those which were exposed their entire life
Acknowledgements
Thanks to our collaboratorsSt Cloud State University ndash
Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory
Estrone and Temperature Interactions Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationships in Freshwater Fish
Estrone and Temperature Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationship in Freshwater Fish
Introduction
Hypothesis
Exposure Systems
Predator Avoidance response
Calcein Staining
Slide Number 8
Slide Number 9
Slide Number 10
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
Results Recap
Discussion
Significance
Acknowledgements
Questions
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastwateer Land Application Sites
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastewater Land Application Sites
Some Definitions
Problem amp Significance
Problem amp Significance
Objectives
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in shallow groundwater near 7 LSTSRIB facilities
Objective (a) - Methods
Facility Locations
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
Comparison to MN Ambient Groundwater
PrioritizationScreening Assessment
Prioritization Assessment - Surface Water
Screening Assessment ndash Human Health
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b) - Methods
Agricultural Field Results
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary
Acknowledgements
Questions
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
Outline
PFAS ndash General overview
What is an emerging contaminant
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Federal and State EC Programs
What are PFAS
UsesSources
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
The Impetus for Change
Slide Number 14
Slide Number 15
Slide Number 16
Slide Number 17
Slide Number 18
Slide Number 19
Slide Number 20
Slide Number 21
Slide Number 22
Slide Number 23
Slide Number 24
Slide Number 25
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnows (pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Maumee River
Maumee River
Study Objective
Slide Number 5
Slide Number 6
Slide Number 7
Slide Number 8
Water Chemistry
Water Chemistry
Fathead Minnow Fecundity
Larval Fathead Minnow
Sunfish Blood Glucose
Slide Number 14
Resident Sunfish Gonadosomatic Index
Slide Number 16
Male Fathead Minnow Condition Factor
Discussion
Impacts
Acknowledgements
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Storm Water Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Stormwater Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Persistent Bioaccumulative
Toxic
Use and Contamination is
Widespread
Regulatory and Legal Actions
Rising
Risk Review Management Mitigation
6 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)
Unregulated Contaminant
Monitoring Rule(UCMR)
Center for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC)
National Health and Nutrition
Examination Survey (NHANES)
State Biomonitoring Cooperative Agreement
Seven States with Specific Risk Management Programs Addressing Emerging Contaminants
WA AZ MN NY ME VT
Federal and State EC Programs
7 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
What are PFAS
8
Fluorinated Substances
Perfluoroalkylsubstance
(formerly PFCs)Polyfluoroalkyl
substance
ie FTOH
ie82 FTOH
Note This is a simplified representation of fluorinated substance sub-classes and in no way represents the entire fluorinated substances class
3 RC Buck et al Guide to PFASs in the Environment- Integr Environ Assess Manag 7 2011
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
PFSA
ie PFOSie PFOA
PFCA
UsesSources
Oil and Gas Extraction Electroplating(mist suppressants)
Manufacturing Processes Intermediates By-products
Consumer ProductsSemiconductor
Industry
Aqueous film forming foams
9 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
10
Case Study
Regulatory Landscape
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Facility Management
US Water Criteria
11
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
USEPA 007 007 1
04 04 2
Alaska (AK) 040 040 2
Connecticut (CT) 007 007 2
Delaware (DE) 007 007 2
Iowa (IA) 007 007 2
Maine (ME) 007 007 1
013 056 2
005 12 3
Michigan (MI) 042 0011 4
007 007 2
Minnesota (MN) 0035 0027 2
Nevada (NV) 1
New Hampshire (NH) 007 007 2
New Jersey (NJ) 0014 1
North Carolina (NC) 2 2
Oregon (OR) 24 300 4
Texas (TX) 029 056 2
Vermont (VT) 002 002 12
US EPA
US by State
NOTES
1= drinking water2= groundwater3= recreational water4= surface water
= Promulgated rule (AK IA MI NH NC OR TX VT) = Promulgation anticipated proposed or recommended (MN NJ)= Calculated using the EPA RSL calculator
OTHER NOTABLES
bull 70 of the states adopted criteria within the last 2 yrsbull Several states have adopted criteria for other PFAS
bull CT DE MN NV NJ OR and TXbull CERCLA 5-Year reviews serving as Site ldquoRe-Openersrdquobull Administrative Orders from EPA despite promulgated
rulebull States have adopted Emergency Rules bull Site Clean-Up Goals vary broadly
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
International Water Criteria
12
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
Australia health-based 056 007 1health-based 56 07 2
Canada screening value 02 06 1Denmark screening value 01 01 1Germany health-based 03 03 1
administrative 01 01 1Italy health-based 05 1
screening value 01 3Netherlands health-based 053 1
4 McGuire M E et al (2014) Evidence of remediation-induced alteration of subsurface poly- and perfluoroalkyl substance distribution at a former firefighter training area Environmental Science amp Technology 48(12) 6644-6652
20 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Wastewater and Managementbull Water treatment containment
reusedischargebull Biosolids management reuse
5 Xindi C Hu et al Detection of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in the US Drinking Water Linked to Industrial Sites Military Fire Training Areas and Wastewater Treatment Plants Environmental Science and Technology Letters (August 2016) 3 344-350 DOI 101021ascastlett6b00260
6 US Environmental Protection Agency FACT SHEET Perfluorochemical (PFC) Contaminationof Biosolids Near Decatur Alabama March 20117 httpwwwafcecafmilNewsArticle-DisplayArticle466187air-force-earth-day-2013-emphasis-on-water-conservation
Water reuse Source Construction (compaction dust suppression) Irrigation (grounds golf course)
21 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Stormwaterbull gt95 detection across samples collectedbull Non-point source contributionbull Management via
passive treatment collection and treatment retention
bull Currently being maintained on propertybull Staged until later datebull Liabilities minimized by storing on-sitebull Some disposal facilities refusing to accept
AFFF Foam- Best Management Practices Consider entire life cycle
bull Procurement bull Management of wastewater during testing
and flushingbull Disposal practices
22 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
The ldquotake-home messagesrdquohellip
1 Keep one eye open- the PFAS regulatory framework is evolving quickly
2 Science is not always driving decisions
3 Evaluate and manage liabilities proactively to avoid unintended consequences
PFAS Regulatory Status and Prognosis
PFAS Strategic Management Today
23 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Upcoming ConferencesAEHS Amherst MA- Oct 16-19SETAC Annual Conference Minneapolis MN- Nov 16-18Battelle Chlorinated Conference Palm Springs CA ndashApril 8-12
Industry PublicationsNGWA Groundwater and PFAS State of Knowledge and Practice- due out Fall 2017ITRC PFAS Fact Sheets- 6 in total before the end of 2017Podcast Understanding Emerging Contaminants and Regulatory Matters (httpsitunesapplecomuspodcastcivil-engineering-podcastid993416182mt=2) Woodard S et al 2017 Ion exchange resin for PFAS removal and pilot test comparison to GAC Remediation 2017 2719-27
Where to find us
24 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Questions
Thank youShalene Thomas MS PMPEmerging Contaminants Program ManagerWood dba Amec Foster Wheeler
Male Fathead Minnow Condition FactorMean BCF vs Treatment (Fathead Minnow)
Treatment
BLK GRM BCR FMP PBG USC SCR TWP MIX000
001
002
003
004
005
006Mean
2017
Upstream Downstream
Statistically different means indicated by differing letters
A
BBB
ABAB
ABABAB
Discussion
Varied water chemistry depicts a system with multiple inputs from both known (effluent) and unknown (runoff) sources
Alterations to FHM fecundity and body condition factor represent a complex river system with varying inputs
Sunfish indices (glucose HSI GSI) detail the importance of entire life-cycle exposure due to strong upstream to downstream trends (glucose) and individual site effects (HSI GSI)
Impacts
Potential improper re-direction of energy stores at a critical energy-intensive period of reproduction
Alterations to reproduction and reproductive indices could lead to population dynamic changes
Most pronounced effects observed on resident sunfish those which were exposed their entire life
Acknowledgements
Thanks to our collaboratorsSt Cloud State University ndash
Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory
Estrone and Temperature Interactions Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationships in Freshwater Fish
Estrone and Temperature Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationship in Freshwater Fish
Introduction
Hypothesis
Exposure Systems
Predator Avoidance response
Calcein Staining
Slide Number 8
Slide Number 9
Slide Number 10
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
Results Recap
Discussion
Significance
Acknowledgements
Questions
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastwateer Land Application Sites
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastewater Land Application Sites
Some Definitions
Problem amp Significance
Problem amp Significance
Objectives
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in shallow groundwater near 7 LSTSRIB facilities
Objective (a) - Methods
Facility Locations
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
Comparison to MN Ambient Groundwater
PrioritizationScreening Assessment
Prioritization Assessment - Surface Water
Screening Assessment ndash Human Health
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b) - Methods
Agricultural Field Results
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary
Acknowledgements
Questions
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
Outline
PFAS ndash General overview
What is an emerging contaminant
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Federal and State EC Programs
What are PFAS
UsesSources
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
The Impetus for Change
Slide Number 14
Slide Number 15
Slide Number 16
Slide Number 17
Slide Number 18
Slide Number 19
Slide Number 20
Slide Number 21
Slide Number 22
Slide Number 23
Slide Number 24
Slide Number 25
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnows (pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Maumee River
Maumee River
Study Objective
Slide Number 5
Slide Number 6
Slide Number 7
Slide Number 8
Water Chemistry
Water Chemistry
Fathead Minnow Fecundity
Larval Fathead Minnow
Sunfish Blood Glucose
Slide Number 14
Resident Sunfish Gonadosomatic Index
Slide Number 16
Male Fathead Minnow Condition Factor
Discussion
Impacts
Acknowledgements
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Storm Water Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Stormwater Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)
Unregulated Contaminant
Monitoring Rule(UCMR)
Center for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC)
National Health and Nutrition
Examination Survey (NHANES)
State Biomonitoring Cooperative Agreement
Seven States with Specific Risk Management Programs Addressing Emerging Contaminants
WA AZ MN NY ME VT
Federal and State EC Programs
7 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
What are PFAS
8
Fluorinated Substances
Perfluoroalkylsubstance
(formerly PFCs)Polyfluoroalkyl
substance
ie FTOH
ie82 FTOH
Note This is a simplified representation of fluorinated substance sub-classes and in no way represents the entire fluorinated substances class
3 RC Buck et al Guide to PFASs in the Environment- Integr Environ Assess Manag 7 2011
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
PFSA
ie PFOSie PFOA
PFCA
UsesSources
Oil and Gas Extraction Electroplating(mist suppressants)
Manufacturing Processes Intermediates By-products
Consumer ProductsSemiconductor
Industry
Aqueous film forming foams
9 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
10
Case Study
Regulatory Landscape
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Facility Management
US Water Criteria
11
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
USEPA 007 007 1
04 04 2
Alaska (AK) 040 040 2
Connecticut (CT) 007 007 2
Delaware (DE) 007 007 2
Iowa (IA) 007 007 2
Maine (ME) 007 007 1
013 056 2
005 12 3
Michigan (MI) 042 0011 4
007 007 2
Minnesota (MN) 0035 0027 2
Nevada (NV) 1
New Hampshire (NH) 007 007 2
New Jersey (NJ) 0014 1
North Carolina (NC) 2 2
Oregon (OR) 24 300 4
Texas (TX) 029 056 2
Vermont (VT) 002 002 12
US EPA
US by State
NOTES
1= drinking water2= groundwater3= recreational water4= surface water
= Promulgated rule (AK IA MI NH NC OR TX VT) = Promulgation anticipated proposed or recommended (MN NJ)= Calculated using the EPA RSL calculator
OTHER NOTABLES
bull 70 of the states adopted criteria within the last 2 yrsbull Several states have adopted criteria for other PFAS
bull CT DE MN NV NJ OR and TXbull CERCLA 5-Year reviews serving as Site ldquoRe-Openersrdquobull Administrative Orders from EPA despite promulgated
rulebull States have adopted Emergency Rules bull Site Clean-Up Goals vary broadly
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
International Water Criteria
12
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
Australia health-based 056 007 1health-based 56 07 2
Canada screening value 02 06 1Denmark screening value 01 01 1Germany health-based 03 03 1
administrative 01 01 1Italy health-based 05 1
screening value 01 3Netherlands health-based 053 1
4 McGuire M E et al (2014) Evidence of remediation-induced alteration of subsurface poly- and perfluoroalkyl substance distribution at a former firefighter training area Environmental Science amp Technology 48(12) 6644-6652
20 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Wastewater and Managementbull Water treatment containment
reusedischargebull Biosolids management reuse
5 Xindi C Hu et al Detection of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in the US Drinking Water Linked to Industrial Sites Military Fire Training Areas and Wastewater Treatment Plants Environmental Science and Technology Letters (August 2016) 3 344-350 DOI 101021ascastlett6b00260
6 US Environmental Protection Agency FACT SHEET Perfluorochemical (PFC) Contaminationof Biosolids Near Decatur Alabama March 20117 httpwwwafcecafmilNewsArticle-DisplayArticle466187air-force-earth-day-2013-emphasis-on-water-conservation
Water reuse Source Construction (compaction dust suppression) Irrigation (grounds golf course)
21 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Stormwaterbull gt95 detection across samples collectedbull Non-point source contributionbull Management via
passive treatment collection and treatment retention
bull Currently being maintained on propertybull Staged until later datebull Liabilities minimized by storing on-sitebull Some disposal facilities refusing to accept
AFFF Foam- Best Management Practices Consider entire life cycle
bull Procurement bull Management of wastewater during testing
and flushingbull Disposal practices
22 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
The ldquotake-home messagesrdquohellip
1 Keep one eye open- the PFAS regulatory framework is evolving quickly
2 Science is not always driving decisions
3 Evaluate and manage liabilities proactively to avoid unintended consequences
PFAS Regulatory Status and Prognosis
PFAS Strategic Management Today
23 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Upcoming ConferencesAEHS Amherst MA- Oct 16-19SETAC Annual Conference Minneapolis MN- Nov 16-18Battelle Chlorinated Conference Palm Springs CA ndashApril 8-12
Industry PublicationsNGWA Groundwater and PFAS State of Knowledge and Practice- due out Fall 2017ITRC PFAS Fact Sheets- 6 in total before the end of 2017Podcast Understanding Emerging Contaminants and Regulatory Matters (httpsitunesapplecomuspodcastcivil-engineering-podcastid993416182mt=2) Woodard S et al 2017 Ion exchange resin for PFAS removal and pilot test comparison to GAC Remediation 2017 2719-27
Where to find us
24 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Questions
Thank youShalene Thomas MS PMPEmerging Contaminants Program ManagerWood dba Amec Foster Wheeler
Male Fathead Minnow Condition FactorMean BCF vs Treatment (Fathead Minnow)
Treatment
BLK GRM BCR FMP PBG USC SCR TWP MIX000
001
002
003
004
005
006Mean
2017
Upstream Downstream
Statistically different means indicated by differing letters
A
BBB
ABAB
ABABAB
Discussion
Varied water chemistry depicts a system with multiple inputs from both known (effluent) and unknown (runoff) sources
Alterations to FHM fecundity and body condition factor represent a complex river system with varying inputs
Sunfish indices (glucose HSI GSI) detail the importance of entire life-cycle exposure due to strong upstream to downstream trends (glucose) and individual site effects (HSI GSI)
Impacts
Potential improper re-direction of energy stores at a critical energy-intensive period of reproduction
Alterations to reproduction and reproductive indices could lead to population dynamic changes
Most pronounced effects observed on resident sunfish those which were exposed their entire life
Acknowledgements
Thanks to our collaboratorsSt Cloud State University ndash
Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory
Estrone and Temperature Interactions Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationships in Freshwater Fish
Estrone and Temperature Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationship in Freshwater Fish
Introduction
Hypothesis
Exposure Systems
Predator Avoidance response
Calcein Staining
Slide Number 8
Slide Number 9
Slide Number 10
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
Results Recap
Discussion
Significance
Acknowledgements
Questions
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastwateer Land Application Sites
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastewater Land Application Sites
Some Definitions
Problem amp Significance
Problem amp Significance
Objectives
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in shallow groundwater near 7 LSTSRIB facilities
Objective (a) - Methods
Facility Locations
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
Comparison to MN Ambient Groundwater
PrioritizationScreening Assessment
Prioritization Assessment - Surface Water
Screening Assessment ndash Human Health
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b) - Methods
Agricultural Field Results
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary
Acknowledgements
Questions
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
Outline
PFAS ndash General overview
What is an emerging contaminant
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Federal and State EC Programs
What are PFAS
UsesSources
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
The Impetus for Change
Slide Number 14
Slide Number 15
Slide Number 16
Slide Number 17
Slide Number 18
Slide Number 19
Slide Number 20
Slide Number 21
Slide Number 22
Slide Number 23
Slide Number 24
Slide Number 25
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnows (pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Maumee River
Maumee River
Study Objective
Slide Number 5
Slide Number 6
Slide Number 7
Slide Number 8
Water Chemistry
Water Chemistry
Fathead Minnow Fecundity
Larval Fathead Minnow
Sunfish Blood Glucose
Slide Number 14
Resident Sunfish Gonadosomatic Index
Slide Number 16
Male Fathead Minnow Condition Factor
Discussion
Impacts
Acknowledgements
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Storm Water Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Stormwater Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
What are PFAS
8
Fluorinated Substances
Perfluoroalkylsubstance
(formerly PFCs)Polyfluoroalkyl
substance
ie FTOH
ie82 FTOH
Note This is a simplified representation of fluorinated substance sub-classes and in no way represents the entire fluorinated substances class
3 RC Buck et al Guide to PFASs in the Environment- Integr Environ Assess Manag 7 2011
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
PFSA
ie PFOSie PFOA
PFCA
UsesSources
Oil and Gas Extraction Electroplating(mist suppressants)
Manufacturing Processes Intermediates By-products
Consumer ProductsSemiconductor
Industry
Aqueous film forming foams
9 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
10
Case Study
Regulatory Landscape
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Facility Management
US Water Criteria
11
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
USEPA 007 007 1
04 04 2
Alaska (AK) 040 040 2
Connecticut (CT) 007 007 2
Delaware (DE) 007 007 2
Iowa (IA) 007 007 2
Maine (ME) 007 007 1
013 056 2
005 12 3
Michigan (MI) 042 0011 4
007 007 2
Minnesota (MN) 0035 0027 2
Nevada (NV) 1
New Hampshire (NH) 007 007 2
New Jersey (NJ) 0014 1
North Carolina (NC) 2 2
Oregon (OR) 24 300 4
Texas (TX) 029 056 2
Vermont (VT) 002 002 12
US EPA
US by State
NOTES
1= drinking water2= groundwater3= recreational water4= surface water
= Promulgated rule (AK IA MI NH NC OR TX VT) = Promulgation anticipated proposed or recommended (MN NJ)= Calculated using the EPA RSL calculator
OTHER NOTABLES
bull 70 of the states adopted criteria within the last 2 yrsbull Several states have adopted criteria for other PFAS
bull CT DE MN NV NJ OR and TXbull CERCLA 5-Year reviews serving as Site ldquoRe-Openersrdquobull Administrative Orders from EPA despite promulgated
rulebull States have adopted Emergency Rules bull Site Clean-Up Goals vary broadly
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
International Water Criteria
12
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
Australia health-based 056 007 1health-based 56 07 2
Canada screening value 02 06 1Denmark screening value 01 01 1Germany health-based 03 03 1
administrative 01 01 1Italy health-based 05 1
screening value 01 3Netherlands health-based 053 1
4 McGuire M E et al (2014) Evidence of remediation-induced alteration of subsurface poly- and perfluoroalkyl substance distribution at a former firefighter training area Environmental Science amp Technology 48(12) 6644-6652
20 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Wastewater and Managementbull Water treatment containment
reusedischargebull Biosolids management reuse
5 Xindi C Hu et al Detection of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in the US Drinking Water Linked to Industrial Sites Military Fire Training Areas and Wastewater Treatment Plants Environmental Science and Technology Letters (August 2016) 3 344-350 DOI 101021ascastlett6b00260
6 US Environmental Protection Agency FACT SHEET Perfluorochemical (PFC) Contaminationof Biosolids Near Decatur Alabama March 20117 httpwwwafcecafmilNewsArticle-DisplayArticle466187air-force-earth-day-2013-emphasis-on-water-conservation
Water reuse Source Construction (compaction dust suppression) Irrigation (grounds golf course)
21 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Stormwaterbull gt95 detection across samples collectedbull Non-point source contributionbull Management via
passive treatment collection and treatment retention
bull Currently being maintained on propertybull Staged until later datebull Liabilities minimized by storing on-sitebull Some disposal facilities refusing to accept
AFFF Foam- Best Management Practices Consider entire life cycle
bull Procurement bull Management of wastewater during testing
and flushingbull Disposal practices
22 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
The ldquotake-home messagesrdquohellip
1 Keep one eye open- the PFAS regulatory framework is evolving quickly
2 Science is not always driving decisions
3 Evaluate and manage liabilities proactively to avoid unintended consequences
PFAS Regulatory Status and Prognosis
PFAS Strategic Management Today
23 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Upcoming ConferencesAEHS Amherst MA- Oct 16-19SETAC Annual Conference Minneapolis MN- Nov 16-18Battelle Chlorinated Conference Palm Springs CA ndashApril 8-12
Industry PublicationsNGWA Groundwater and PFAS State of Knowledge and Practice- due out Fall 2017ITRC PFAS Fact Sheets- 6 in total before the end of 2017Podcast Understanding Emerging Contaminants and Regulatory Matters (httpsitunesapplecomuspodcastcivil-engineering-podcastid993416182mt=2) Woodard S et al 2017 Ion exchange resin for PFAS removal and pilot test comparison to GAC Remediation 2017 2719-27
Where to find us
24 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Questions
Thank youShalene Thomas MS PMPEmerging Contaminants Program ManagerWood dba Amec Foster Wheeler
Male Fathead Minnow Condition FactorMean BCF vs Treatment (Fathead Minnow)
Treatment
BLK GRM BCR FMP PBG USC SCR TWP MIX000
001
002
003
004
005
006Mean
2017
Upstream Downstream
Statistically different means indicated by differing letters
A
BBB
ABAB
ABABAB
Discussion
Varied water chemistry depicts a system with multiple inputs from both known (effluent) and unknown (runoff) sources
Alterations to FHM fecundity and body condition factor represent a complex river system with varying inputs
Sunfish indices (glucose HSI GSI) detail the importance of entire life-cycle exposure due to strong upstream to downstream trends (glucose) and individual site effects (HSI GSI)
Impacts
Potential improper re-direction of energy stores at a critical energy-intensive period of reproduction
Alterations to reproduction and reproductive indices could lead to population dynamic changes
Most pronounced effects observed on resident sunfish those which were exposed their entire life
Acknowledgements
Thanks to our collaboratorsSt Cloud State University ndash
Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory
Estrone and Temperature Interactions Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationships in Freshwater Fish
Estrone and Temperature Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationship in Freshwater Fish
Introduction
Hypothesis
Exposure Systems
Predator Avoidance response
Calcein Staining
Slide Number 8
Slide Number 9
Slide Number 10
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
Results Recap
Discussion
Significance
Acknowledgements
Questions
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastwateer Land Application Sites
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastewater Land Application Sites
Some Definitions
Problem amp Significance
Problem amp Significance
Objectives
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in shallow groundwater near 7 LSTSRIB facilities
Objective (a) - Methods
Facility Locations
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
Comparison to MN Ambient Groundwater
PrioritizationScreening Assessment
Prioritization Assessment - Surface Water
Screening Assessment ndash Human Health
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b) - Methods
Agricultural Field Results
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary
Acknowledgements
Questions
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
Outline
PFAS ndash General overview
What is an emerging contaminant
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Federal and State EC Programs
What are PFAS
UsesSources
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
The Impetus for Change
Slide Number 14
Slide Number 15
Slide Number 16
Slide Number 17
Slide Number 18
Slide Number 19
Slide Number 20
Slide Number 21
Slide Number 22
Slide Number 23
Slide Number 24
Slide Number 25
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnows (pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Maumee River
Maumee River
Study Objective
Slide Number 5
Slide Number 6
Slide Number 7
Slide Number 8
Water Chemistry
Water Chemistry
Fathead Minnow Fecundity
Larval Fathead Minnow
Sunfish Blood Glucose
Slide Number 14
Resident Sunfish Gonadosomatic Index
Slide Number 16
Male Fathead Minnow Condition Factor
Discussion
Impacts
Acknowledgements
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Storm Water Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Stormwater Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
UsesSources
Oil and Gas Extraction Electroplating(mist suppressants)
Manufacturing Processes Intermediates By-products
Consumer ProductsSemiconductor
Industry
Aqueous film forming foams
9 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
10
Case Study
Regulatory Landscape
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Facility Management
US Water Criteria
11
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
USEPA 007 007 1
04 04 2
Alaska (AK) 040 040 2
Connecticut (CT) 007 007 2
Delaware (DE) 007 007 2
Iowa (IA) 007 007 2
Maine (ME) 007 007 1
013 056 2
005 12 3
Michigan (MI) 042 0011 4
007 007 2
Minnesota (MN) 0035 0027 2
Nevada (NV) 1
New Hampshire (NH) 007 007 2
New Jersey (NJ) 0014 1
North Carolina (NC) 2 2
Oregon (OR) 24 300 4
Texas (TX) 029 056 2
Vermont (VT) 002 002 12
US EPA
US by State
NOTES
1= drinking water2= groundwater3= recreational water4= surface water
= Promulgated rule (AK IA MI NH NC OR TX VT) = Promulgation anticipated proposed or recommended (MN NJ)= Calculated using the EPA RSL calculator
OTHER NOTABLES
bull 70 of the states adopted criteria within the last 2 yrsbull Several states have adopted criteria for other PFAS
bull CT DE MN NV NJ OR and TXbull CERCLA 5-Year reviews serving as Site ldquoRe-Openersrdquobull Administrative Orders from EPA despite promulgated
rulebull States have adopted Emergency Rules bull Site Clean-Up Goals vary broadly
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
International Water Criteria
12
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
Australia health-based 056 007 1health-based 56 07 2
Canada screening value 02 06 1Denmark screening value 01 01 1Germany health-based 03 03 1
administrative 01 01 1Italy health-based 05 1
screening value 01 3Netherlands health-based 053 1
4 McGuire M E et al (2014) Evidence of remediation-induced alteration of subsurface poly- and perfluoroalkyl substance distribution at a former firefighter training area Environmental Science amp Technology 48(12) 6644-6652
20 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Wastewater and Managementbull Water treatment containment
reusedischargebull Biosolids management reuse
5 Xindi C Hu et al Detection of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in the US Drinking Water Linked to Industrial Sites Military Fire Training Areas and Wastewater Treatment Plants Environmental Science and Technology Letters (August 2016) 3 344-350 DOI 101021ascastlett6b00260
6 US Environmental Protection Agency FACT SHEET Perfluorochemical (PFC) Contaminationof Biosolids Near Decatur Alabama March 20117 httpwwwafcecafmilNewsArticle-DisplayArticle466187air-force-earth-day-2013-emphasis-on-water-conservation
Water reuse Source Construction (compaction dust suppression) Irrigation (grounds golf course)
21 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Stormwaterbull gt95 detection across samples collectedbull Non-point source contributionbull Management via
passive treatment collection and treatment retention
bull Currently being maintained on propertybull Staged until later datebull Liabilities minimized by storing on-sitebull Some disposal facilities refusing to accept
AFFF Foam- Best Management Practices Consider entire life cycle
bull Procurement bull Management of wastewater during testing
and flushingbull Disposal practices
22 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
The ldquotake-home messagesrdquohellip
1 Keep one eye open- the PFAS regulatory framework is evolving quickly
2 Science is not always driving decisions
3 Evaluate and manage liabilities proactively to avoid unintended consequences
PFAS Regulatory Status and Prognosis
PFAS Strategic Management Today
23 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Upcoming ConferencesAEHS Amherst MA- Oct 16-19SETAC Annual Conference Minneapolis MN- Nov 16-18Battelle Chlorinated Conference Palm Springs CA ndashApril 8-12
Industry PublicationsNGWA Groundwater and PFAS State of Knowledge and Practice- due out Fall 2017ITRC PFAS Fact Sheets- 6 in total before the end of 2017Podcast Understanding Emerging Contaminants and Regulatory Matters (httpsitunesapplecomuspodcastcivil-engineering-podcastid993416182mt=2) Woodard S et al 2017 Ion exchange resin for PFAS removal and pilot test comparison to GAC Remediation 2017 2719-27
Where to find us
24 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Questions
Thank youShalene Thomas MS PMPEmerging Contaminants Program ManagerWood dba Amec Foster Wheeler
Male Fathead Minnow Condition FactorMean BCF vs Treatment (Fathead Minnow)
Treatment
BLK GRM BCR FMP PBG USC SCR TWP MIX000
001
002
003
004
005
006Mean
2017
Upstream Downstream
Statistically different means indicated by differing letters
A
BBB
ABAB
ABABAB
Discussion
Varied water chemistry depicts a system with multiple inputs from both known (effluent) and unknown (runoff) sources
Alterations to FHM fecundity and body condition factor represent a complex river system with varying inputs
Sunfish indices (glucose HSI GSI) detail the importance of entire life-cycle exposure due to strong upstream to downstream trends (glucose) and individual site effects (HSI GSI)
Impacts
Potential improper re-direction of energy stores at a critical energy-intensive period of reproduction
Alterations to reproduction and reproductive indices could lead to population dynamic changes
Most pronounced effects observed on resident sunfish those which were exposed their entire life
Acknowledgements
Thanks to our collaboratorsSt Cloud State University ndash
Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory
Estrone and Temperature Interactions Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationships in Freshwater Fish
Estrone and Temperature Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationship in Freshwater Fish
Introduction
Hypothesis
Exposure Systems
Predator Avoidance response
Calcein Staining
Slide Number 8
Slide Number 9
Slide Number 10
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
Results Recap
Discussion
Significance
Acknowledgements
Questions
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastwateer Land Application Sites
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastewater Land Application Sites
Some Definitions
Problem amp Significance
Problem amp Significance
Objectives
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in shallow groundwater near 7 LSTSRIB facilities
Objective (a) - Methods
Facility Locations
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
Comparison to MN Ambient Groundwater
PrioritizationScreening Assessment
Prioritization Assessment - Surface Water
Screening Assessment ndash Human Health
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b) - Methods
Agricultural Field Results
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary
Acknowledgements
Questions
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
Outline
PFAS ndash General overview
What is an emerging contaminant
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Federal and State EC Programs
What are PFAS
UsesSources
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
The Impetus for Change
Slide Number 14
Slide Number 15
Slide Number 16
Slide Number 17
Slide Number 18
Slide Number 19
Slide Number 20
Slide Number 21
Slide Number 22
Slide Number 23
Slide Number 24
Slide Number 25
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnows (pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Maumee River
Maumee River
Study Objective
Slide Number 5
Slide Number 6
Slide Number 7
Slide Number 8
Water Chemistry
Water Chemistry
Fathead Minnow Fecundity
Larval Fathead Minnow
Sunfish Blood Glucose
Slide Number 14
Resident Sunfish Gonadosomatic Index
Slide Number 16
Male Fathead Minnow Condition Factor
Discussion
Impacts
Acknowledgements
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Storm Water Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Stormwater Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
10
Case Study
Regulatory Landscape
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Facility Management
US Water Criteria
11
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
USEPA 007 007 1
04 04 2
Alaska (AK) 040 040 2
Connecticut (CT) 007 007 2
Delaware (DE) 007 007 2
Iowa (IA) 007 007 2
Maine (ME) 007 007 1
013 056 2
005 12 3
Michigan (MI) 042 0011 4
007 007 2
Minnesota (MN) 0035 0027 2
Nevada (NV) 1
New Hampshire (NH) 007 007 2
New Jersey (NJ) 0014 1
North Carolina (NC) 2 2
Oregon (OR) 24 300 4
Texas (TX) 029 056 2
Vermont (VT) 002 002 12
US EPA
US by State
NOTES
1= drinking water2= groundwater3= recreational water4= surface water
= Promulgated rule (AK IA MI NH NC OR TX VT) = Promulgation anticipated proposed or recommended (MN NJ)= Calculated using the EPA RSL calculator
OTHER NOTABLES
bull 70 of the states adopted criteria within the last 2 yrsbull Several states have adopted criteria for other PFAS
bull CT DE MN NV NJ OR and TXbull CERCLA 5-Year reviews serving as Site ldquoRe-Openersrdquobull Administrative Orders from EPA despite promulgated
rulebull States have adopted Emergency Rules bull Site Clean-Up Goals vary broadly
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
International Water Criteria
12
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
Australia health-based 056 007 1health-based 56 07 2
Canada screening value 02 06 1Denmark screening value 01 01 1Germany health-based 03 03 1
administrative 01 01 1Italy health-based 05 1
screening value 01 3Netherlands health-based 053 1
4 McGuire M E et al (2014) Evidence of remediation-induced alteration of subsurface poly- and perfluoroalkyl substance distribution at a former firefighter training area Environmental Science amp Technology 48(12) 6644-6652
20 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Wastewater and Managementbull Water treatment containment
reusedischargebull Biosolids management reuse
5 Xindi C Hu et al Detection of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in the US Drinking Water Linked to Industrial Sites Military Fire Training Areas and Wastewater Treatment Plants Environmental Science and Technology Letters (August 2016) 3 344-350 DOI 101021ascastlett6b00260
6 US Environmental Protection Agency FACT SHEET Perfluorochemical (PFC) Contaminationof Biosolids Near Decatur Alabama March 20117 httpwwwafcecafmilNewsArticle-DisplayArticle466187air-force-earth-day-2013-emphasis-on-water-conservation
Water reuse Source Construction (compaction dust suppression) Irrigation (grounds golf course)
21 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Stormwaterbull gt95 detection across samples collectedbull Non-point source contributionbull Management via
passive treatment collection and treatment retention
bull Currently being maintained on propertybull Staged until later datebull Liabilities minimized by storing on-sitebull Some disposal facilities refusing to accept
AFFF Foam- Best Management Practices Consider entire life cycle
bull Procurement bull Management of wastewater during testing
and flushingbull Disposal practices
22 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
The ldquotake-home messagesrdquohellip
1 Keep one eye open- the PFAS regulatory framework is evolving quickly
2 Science is not always driving decisions
3 Evaluate and manage liabilities proactively to avoid unintended consequences
PFAS Regulatory Status and Prognosis
PFAS Strategic Management Today
23 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Upcoming ConferencesAEHS Amherst MA- Oct 16-19SETAC Annual Conference Minneapolis MN- Nov 16-18Battelle Chlorinated Conference Palm Springs CA ndashApril 8-12
Industry PublicationsNGWA Groundwater and PFAS State of Knowledge and Practice- due out Fall 2017ITRC PFAS Fact Sheets- 6 in total before the end of 2017Podcast Understanding Emerging Contaminants and Regulatory Matters (httpsitunesapplecomuspodcastcivil-engineering-podcastid993416182mt=2) Woodard S et al 2017 Ion exchange resin for PFAS removal and pilot test comparison to GAC Remediation 2017 2719-27
Where to find us
24 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Questions
Thank youShalene Thomas MS PMPEmerging Contaminants Program ManagerWood dba Amec Foster Wheeler
Male Fathead Minnow Condition FactorMean BCF vs Treatment (Fathead Minnow)
Treatment
BLK GRM BCR FMP PBG USC SCR TWP MIX000
001
002
003
004
005
006Mean
2017
Upstream Downstream
Statistically different means indicated by differing letters
A
BBB
ABAB
ABABAB
Discussion
Varied water chemistry depicts a system with multiple inputs from both known (effluent) and unknown (runoff) sources
Alterations to FHM fecundity and body condition factor represent a complex river system with varying inputs
Sunfish indices (glucose HSI GSI) detail the importance of entire life-cycle exposure due to strong upstream to downstream trends (glucose) and individual site effects (HSI GSI)
Impacts
Potential improper re-direction of energy stores at a critical energy-intensive period of reproduction
Alterations to reproduction and reproductive indices could lead to population dynamic changes
Most pronounced effects observed on resident sunfish those which were exposed their entire life
Acknowledgements
Thanks to our collaboratorsSt Cloud State University ndash
Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory
Estrone and Temperature Interactions Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationships in Freshwater Fish
Estrone and Temperature Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationship in Freshwater Fish
Introduction
Hypothesis
Exposure Systems
Predator Avoidance response
Calcein Staining
Slide Number 8
Slide Number 9
Slide Number 10
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
Results Recap
Discussion
Significance
Acknowledgements
Questions
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastwateer Land Application Sites
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastewater Land Application Sites
Some Definitions
Problem amp Significance
Problem amp Significance
Objectives
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in shallow groundwater near 7 LSTSRIB facilities
Objective (a) - Methods
Facility Locations
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
Comparison to MN Ambient Groundwater
PrioritizationScreening Assessment
Prioritization Assessment - Surface Water
Screening Assessment ndash Human Health
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b) - Methods
Agricultural Field Results
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary
Acknowledgements
Questions
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
Outline
PFAS ndash General overview
What is an emerging contaminant
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Federal and State EC Programs
What are PFAS
UsesSources
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
The Impetus for Change
Slide Number 14
Slide Number 15
Slide Number 16
Slide Number 17
Slide Number 18
Slide Number 19
Slide Number 20
Slide Number 21
Slide Number 22
Slide Number 23
Slide Number 24
Slide Number 25
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnows (pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Maumee River
Maumee River
Study Objective
Slide Number 5
Slide Number 6
Slide Number 7
Slide Number 8
Water Chemistry
Water Chemistry
Fathead Minnow Fecundity
Larval Fathead Minnow
Sunfish Blood Glucose
Slide Number 14
Resident Sunfish Gonadosomatic Index
Slide Number 16
Male Fathead Minnow Condition Factor
Discussion
Impacts
Acknowledgements
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Storm Water Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Stormwater Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
US Water Criteria
11
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
USEPA 007 007 1
04 04 2
Alaska (AK) 040 040 2
Connecticut (CT) 007 007 2
Delaware (DE) 007 007 2
Iowa (IA) 007 007 2
Maine (ME) 007 007 1
013 056 2
005 12 3
Michigan (MI) 042 0011 4
007 007 2
Minnesota (MN) 0035 0027 2
Nevada (NV) 1
New Hampshire (NH) 007 007 2
New Jersey (NJ) 0014 1
North Carolina (NC) 2 2
Oregon (OR) 24 300 4
Texas (TX) 029 056 2
Vermont (VT) 002 002 12
US EPA
US by State
NOTES
1= drinking water2= groundwater3= recreational water4= surface water
= Promulgated rule (AK IA MI NH NC OR TX VT) = Promulgation anticipated proposed or recommended (MN NJ)= Calculated using the EPA RSL calculator
OTHER NOTABLES
bull 70 of the states adopted criteria within the last 2 yrsbull Several states have adopted criteria for other PFAS
bull CT DE MN NV NJ OR and TXbull CERCLA 5-Year reviews serving as Site ldquoRe-Openersrdquobull Administrative Orders from EPA despite promulgated
rulebull States have adopted Emergency Rules bull Site Clean-Up Goals vary broadly
copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
International Water Criteria
12
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
Australia health-based 056 007 1health-based 56 07 2
Canada screening value 02 06 1Denmark screening value 01 01 1Germany health-based 03 03 1
administrative 01 01 1Italy health-based 05 1
screening value 01 3Netherlands health-based 053 1
4 McGuire M E et al (2014) Evidence of remediation-induced alteration of subsurface poly- and perfluoroalkyl substance distribution at a former firefighter training area Environmental Science amp Technology 48(12) 6644-6652
20 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Wastewater and Managementbull Water treatment containment
reusedischargebull Biosolids management reuse
5 Xindi C Hu et al Detection of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in the US Drinking Water Linked to Industrial Sites Military Fire Training Areas and Wastewater Treatment Plants Environmental Science and Technology Letters (August 2016) 3 344-350 DOI 101021ascastlett6b00260
6 US Environmental Protection Agency FACT SHEET Perfluorochemical (PFC) Contaminationof Biosolids Near Decatur Alabama March 20117 httpwwwafcecafmilNewsArticle-DisplayArticle466187air-force-earth-day-2013-emphasis-on-water-conservation
Water reuse Source Construction (compaction dust suppression) Irrigation (grounds golf course)
21 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Stormwaterbull gt95 detection across samples collectedbull Non-point source contributionbull Management via
passive treatment collection and treatment retention
bull Currently being maintained on propertybull Staged until later datebull Liabilities minimized by storing on-sitebull Some disposal facilities refusing to accept
AFFF Foam- Best Management Practices Consider entire life cycle
bull Procurement bull Management of wastewater during testing
and flushingbull Disposal practices
22 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
The ldquotake-home messagesrdquohellip
1 Keep one eye open- the PFAS regulatory framework is evolving quickly
2 Science is not always driving decisions
3 Evaluate and manage liabilities proactively to avoid unintended consequences
PFAS Regulatory Status and Prognosis
PFAS Strategic Management Today
23 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Upcoming ConferencesAEHS Amherst MA- Oct 16-19SETAC Annual Conference Minneapolis MN- Nov 16-18Battelle Chlorinated Conference Palm Springs CA ndashApril 8-12
Industry PublicationsNGWA Groundwater and PFAS State of Knowledge and Practice- due out Fall 2017ITRC PFAS Fact Sheets- 6 in total before the end of 2017Podcast Understanding Emerging Contaminants and Regulatory Matters (httpsitunesapplecomuspodcastcivil-engineering-podcastid993416182mt=2) Woodard S et al 2017 Ion exchange resin for PFAS removal and pilot test comparison to GAC Remediation 2017 2719-27
Where to find us
24 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Questions
Thank youShalene Thomas MS PMPEmerging Contaminants Program ManagerWood dba Amec Foster Wheeler
Male Fathead Minnow Condition FactorMean BCF vs Treatment (Fathead Minnow)
Treatment
BLK GRM BCR FMP PBG USC SCR TWP MIX000
001
002
003
004
005
006Mean
2017
Upstream Downstream
Statistically different means indicated by differing letters
A
BBB
ABAB
ABABAB
Discussion
Varied water chemistry depicts a system with multiple inputs from both known (effluent) and unknown (runoff) sources
Alterations to FHM fecundity and body condition factor represent a complex river system with varying inputs
Sunfish indices (glucose HSI GSI) detail the importance of entire life-cycle exposure due to strong upstream to downstream trends (glucose) and individual site effects (HSI GSI)
Impacts
Potential improper re-direction of energy stores at a critical energy-intensive period of reproduction
Alterations to reproduction and reproductive indices could lead to population dynamic changes
Most pronounced effects observed on resident sunfish those which were exposed their entire life
Acknowledgements
Thanks to our collaboratorsSt Cloud State University ndash
Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory
Estrone and Temperature Interactions Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationships in Freshwater Fish
Estrone and Temperature Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationship in Freshwater Fish
Introduction
Hypothesis
Exposure Systems
Predator Avoidance response
Calcein Staining
Slide Number 8
Slide Number 9
Slide Number 10
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
Results Recap
Discussion
Significance
Acknowledgements
Questions
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastwateer Land Application Sites
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastewater Land Application Sites
Some Definitions
Problem amp Significance
Problem amp Significance
Objectives
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in shallow groundwater near 7 LSTSRIB facilities
Objective (a) - Methods
Facility Locations
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
Comparison to MN Ambient Groundwater
PrioritizationScreening Assessment
Prioritization Assessment - Surface Water
Screening Assessment ndash Human Health
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b) - Methods
Agricultural Field Results
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary
Acknowledgements
Questions
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
Outline
PFAS ndash General overview
What is an emerging contaminant
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Federal and State EC Programs
What are PFAS
UsesSources
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
The Impetus for Change
Slide Number 14
Slide Number 15
Slide Number 16
Slide Number 17
Slide Number 18
Slide Number 19
Slide Number 20
Slide Number 21
Slide Number 22
Slide Number 23
Slide Number 24
Slide Number 25
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnows (pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Maumee River
Maumee River
Study Objective
Slide Number 5
Slide Number 6
Slide Number 7
Slide Number 8
Water Chemistry
Water Chemistry
Fathead Minnow Fecundity
Larval Fathead Minnow
Sunfish Blood Glucose
Slide Number 14
Resident Sunfish Gonadosomatic Index
Slide Number 16
Male Fathead Minnow Condition Factor
Discussion
Impacts
Acknowledgements
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Storm Water Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Stormwater Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
International Water Criteria
12
Concentration (ugL ppb) PFOA PFOS
Australia health-based 056 007 1health-based 56 07 2
Canada screening value 02 06 1Denmark screening value 01 01 1Germany health-based 03 03 1
administrative 01 01 1Italy health-based 05 1
screening value 01 3Netherlands health-based 053 1
4 McGuire M E et al (2014) Evidence of remediation-induced alteration of subsurface poly- and perfluoroalkyl substance distribution at a former firefighter training area Environmental Science amp Technology 48(12) 6644-6652
20 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Wastewater and Managementbull Water treatment containment
reusedischargebull Biosolids management reuse
5 Xindi C Hu et al Detection of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in the US Drinking Water Linked to Industrial Sites Military Fire Training Areas and Wastewater Treatment Plants Environmental Science and Technology Letters (August 2016) 3 344-350 DOI 101021ascastlett6b00260
6 US Environmental Protection Agency FACT SHEET Perfluorochemical (PFC) Contaminationof Biosolids Near Decatur Alabama March 20117 httpwwwafcecafmilNewsArticle-DisplayArticle466187air-force-earth-day-2013-emphasis-on-water-conservation
Water reuse Source Construction (compaction dust suppression) Irrigation (grounds golf course)
21 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Stormwaterbull gt95 detection across samples collectedbull Non-point source contributionbull Management via
passive treatment collection and treatment retention
bull Currently being maintained on propertybull Staged until later datebull Liabilities minimized by storing on-sitebull Some disposal facilities refusing to accept
AFFF Foam- Best Management Practices Consider entire life cycle
bull Procurement bull Management of wastewater during testing
and flushingbull Disposal practices
22 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
The ldquotake-home messagesrdquohellip
1 Keep one eye open- the PFAS regulatory framework is evolving quickly
2 Science is not always driving decisions
3 Evaluate and manage liabilities proactively to avoid unintended consequences
PFAS Regulatory Status and Prognosis
PFAS Strategic Management Today
23 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Upcoming ConferencesAEHS Amherst MA- Oct 16-19SETAC Annual Conference Minneapolis MN- Nov 16-18Battelle Chlorinated Conference Palm Springs CA ndashApril 8-12
Industry PublicationsNGWA Groundwater and PFAS State of Knowledge and Practice- due out Fall 2017ITRC PFAS Fact Sheets- 6 in total before the end of 2017Podcast Understanding Emerging Contaminants and Regulatory Matters (httpsitunesapplecomuspodcastcivil-engineering-podcastid993416182mt=2) Woodard S et al 2017 Ion exchange resin for PFAS removal and pilot test comparison to GAC Remediation 2017 2719-27
Where to find us
24 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Questions
Thank youShalene Thomas MS PMPEmerging Contaminants Program ManagerWood dba Amec Foster Wheeler
Male Fathead Minnow Condition FactorMean BCF vs Treatment (Fathead Minnow)
Treatment
BLK GRM BCR FMP PBG USC SCR TWP MIX000
001
002
003
004
005
006Mean
2017
Upstream Downstream
Statistically different means indicated by differing letters
A
BBB
ABAB
ABABAB
Discussion
Varied water chemistry depicts a system with multiple inputs from both known (effluent) and unknown (runoff) sources
Alterations to FHM fecundity and body condition factor represent a complex river system with varying inputs
Sunfish indices (glucose HSI GSI) detail the importance of entire life-cycle exposure due to strong upstream to downstream trends (glucose) and individual site effects (HSI GSI)
Impacts
Potential improper re-direction of energy stores at a critical energy-intensive period of reproduction
Alterations to reproduction and reproductive indices could lead to population dynamic changes
Most pronounced effects observed on resident sunfish those which were exposed their entire life
Acknowledgements
Thanks to our collaboratorsSt Cloud State University ndash
Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory
Estrone and Temperature Interactions Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationships in Freshwater Fish
Estrone and Temperature Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationship in Freshwater Fish
Introduction
Hypothesis
Exposure Systems
Predator Avoidance response
Calcein Staining
Slide Number 8
Slide Number 9
Slide Number 10
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
Results Recap
Discussion
Significance
Acknowledgements
Questions
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastwateer Land Application Sites
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastewater Land Application Sites
Some Definitions
Problem amp Significance
Problem amp Significance
Objectives
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in shallow groundwater near 7 LSTSRIB facilities
Objective (a) - Methods
Facility Locations
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
Comparison to MN Ambient Groundwater
PrioritizationScreening Assessment
Prioritization Assessment - Surface Water
Screening Assessment ndash Human Health
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b) - Methods
Agricultural Field Results
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary
Acknowledgements
Questions
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
Outline
PFAS ndash General overview
What is an emerging contaminant
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Federal and State EC Programs
What are PFAS
UsesSources
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
The Impetus for Change
Slide Number 14
Slide Number 15
Slide Number 16
Slide Number 17
Slide Number 18
Slide Number 19
Slide Number 20
Slide Number 21
Slide Number 22
Slide Number 23
Slide Number 24
Slide Number 25
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnows (pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Maumee River
Maumee River
Study Objective
Slide Number 5
Slide Number 6
Slide Number 7
Slide Number 8
Water Chemistry
Water Chemistry
Fathead Minnow Fecundity
Larval Fathead Minnow
Sunfish Blood Glucose
Slide Number 14
Resident Sunfish Gonadosomatic Index
Slide Number 16
Male Fathead Minnow Condition Factor
Discussion
Impacts
Acknowledgements
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Storm Water Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Stormwater Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
2009 Provisional
Health Advisory 2016 Final Lifetime Health
Advisory
Out
com
e Criteria dropped an order of magnitude
Site Re-openersExpanded Plumes
The Impetus for Change
Driver USEPA Health Advisories
Driver Social Momentum amp Risk Perception
Driver DoD Policies
Guidance established in 2012 with policies published through 2017
4 McGuire M E et al (2014) Evidence of remediation-induced alteration of subsurface poly- and perfluoroalkyl substance distribution at a former firefighter training area Environmental Science amp Technology 48(12) 6644-6652
20 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Wastewater and Managementbull Water treatment containment
reusedischargebull Biosolids management reuse
5 Xindi C Hu et al Detection of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in the US Drinking Water Linked to Industrial Sites Military Fire Training Areas and Wastewater Treatment Plants Environmental Science and Technology Letters (August 2016) 3 344-350 DOI 101021ascastlett6b00260
6 US Environmental Protection Agency FACT SHEET Perfluorochemical (PFC) Contaminationof Biosolids Near Decatur Alabama March 20117 httpwwwafcecafmilNewsArticle-DisplayArticle466187air-force-earth-day-2013-emphasis-on-water-conservation
Water reuse Source Construction (compaction dust suppression) Irrigation (grounds golf course)
21 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Stormwaterbull gt95 detection across samples collectedbull Non-point source contributionbull Management via
passive treatment collection and treatment retention
bull Currently being maintained on propertybull Staged until later datebull Liabilities minimized by storing on-sitebull Some disposal facilities refusing to accept
AFFF Foam- Best Management Practices Consider entire life cycle
bull Procurement bull Management of wastewater during testing
and flushingbull Disposal practices
22 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
The ldquotake-home messagesrdquohellip
1 Keep one eye open- the PFAS regulatory framework is evolving quickly
2 Science is not always driving decisions
3 Evaluate and manage liabilities proactively to avoid unintended consequences
PFAS Regulatory Status and Prognosis
PFAS Strategic Management Today
23 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Upcoming ConferencesAEHS Amherst MA- Oct 16-19SETAC Annual Conference Minneapolis MN- Nov 16-18Battelle Chlorinated Conference Palm Springs CA ndashApril 8-12
Industry PublicationsNGWA Groundwater and PFAS State of Knowledge and Practice- due out Fall 2017ITRC PFAS Fact Sheets- 6 in total before the end of 2017Podcast Understanding Emerging Contaminants and Regulatory Matters (httpsitunesapplecomuspodcastcivil-engineering-podcastid993416182mt=2) Woodard S et al 2017 Ion exchange resin for PFAS removal and pilot test comparison to GAC Remediation 2017 2719-27
Where to find us
24 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Questions
Thank youShalene Thomas MS PMPEmerging Contaminants Program ManagerWood dba Amec Foster Wheeler
Male Fathead Minnow Condition FactorMean BCF vs Treatment (Fathead Minnow)
Treatment
BLK GRM BCR FMP PBG USC SCR TWP MIX000
001
002
003
004
005
006Mean
2017
Upstream Downstream
Statistically different means indicated by differing letters
A
BBB
ABAB
ABABAB
Discussion
Varied water chemistry depicts a system with multiple inputs from both known (effluent) and unknown (runoff) sources
Alterations to FHM fecundity and body condition factor represent a complex river system with varying inputs
Sunfish indices (glucose HSI GSI) detail the importance of entire life-cycle exposure due to strong upstream to downstream trends (glucose) and individual site effects (HSI GSI)
Impacts
Potential improper re-direction of energy stores at a critical energy-intensive period of reproduction
Alterations to reproduction and reproductive indices could lead to population dynamic changes
Most pronounced effects observed on resident sunfish those which were exposed their entire life
Acknowledgements
Thanks to our collaboratorsSt Cloud State University ndash
Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory
Estrone and Temperature Interactions Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationships in Freshwater Fish
Estrone and Temperature Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationship in Freshwater Fish
Introduction
Hypothesis
Exposure Systems
Predator Avoidance response
Calcein Staining
Slide Number 8
Slide Number 9
Slide Number 10
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
Results Recap
Discussion
Significance
Acknowledgements
Questions
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastwateer Land Application Sites
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastewater Land Application Sites
Some Definitions
Problem amp Significance
Problem amp Significance
Objectives
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in shallow groundwater near 7 LSTSRIB facilities
Objective (a) - Methods
Facility Locations
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
Comparison to MN Ambient Groundwater
PrioritizationScreening Assessment
Prioritization Assessment - Surface Water
Screening Assessment ndash Human Health
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b) - Methods
Agricultural Field Results
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary
Acknowledgements
Questions
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
Outline
PFAS ndash General overview
What is an emerging contaminant
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Federal and State EC Programs
What are PFAS
UsesSources
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
The Impetus for Change
Slide Number 14
Slide Number 15
Slide Number 16
Slide Number 17
Slide Number 18
Slide Number 19
Slide Number 20
Slide Number 21
Slide Number 22
Slide Number 23
Slide Number 24
Slide Number 25
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnows (pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
4 McGuire M E et al (2014) Evidence of remediation-induced alteration of subsurface poly- and perfluoroalkyl substance distribution at a former firefighter training area Environmental Science amp Technology 48(12) 6644-6652
20 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Wastewater and Managementbull Water treatment containment
reusedischargebull Biosolids management reuse
5 Xindi C Hu et al Detection of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in the US Drinking Water Linked to Industrial Sites Military Fire Training Areas and Wastewater Treatment Plants Environmental Science and Technology Letters (August 2016) 3 344-350 DOI 101021ascastlett6b00260
6 US Environmental Protection Agency FACT SHEET Perfluorochemical (PFC) Contaminationof Biosolids Near Decatur Alabama March 20117 httpwwwafcecafmilNewsArticle-DisplayArticle466187air-force-earth-day-2013-emphasis-on-water-conservation
Water reuse Source Construction (compaction dust suppression) Irrigation (grounds golf course)
21 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Stormwaterbull gt95 detection across samples collectedbull Non-point source contributionbull Management via
passive treatment collection and treatment retention
bull Currently being maintained on propertybull Staged until later datebull Liabilities minimized by storing on-sitebull Some disposal facilities refusing to accept
AFFF Foam- Best Management Practices Consider entire life cycle
bull Procurement bull Management of wastewater during testing
and flushingbull Disposal practices
22 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
The ldquotake-home messagesrdquohellip
1 Keep one eye open- the PFAS regulatory framework is evolving quickly
2 Science is not always driving decisions
3 Evaluate and manage liabilities proactively to avoid unintended consequences
PFAS Regulatory Status and Prognosis
PFAS Strategic Management Today
23 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Upcoming ConferencesAEHS Amherst MA- Oct 16-19SETAC Annual Conference Minneapolis MN- Nov 16-18Battelle Chlorinated Conference Palm Springs CA ndashApril 8-12
Industry PublicationsNGWA Groundwater and PFAS State of Knowledge and Practice- due out Fall 2017ITRC PFAS Fact Sheets- 6 in total before the end of 2017Podcast Understanding Emerging Contaminants and Regulatory Matters (httpsitunesapplecomuspodcastcivil-engineering-podcastid993416182mt=2) Woodard S et al 2017 Ion exchange resin for PFAS removal and pilot test comparison to GAC Remediation 2017 2719-27
Where to find us
24 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Questions
Thank youShalene Thomas MS PMPEmerging Contaminants Program ManagerWood dba Amec Foster Wheeler
Male Fathead Minnow Condition FactorMean BCF vs Treatment (Fathead Minnow)
Treatment
BLK GRM BCR FMP PBG USC SCR TWP MIX000
001
002
003
004
005
006Mean
2017
Upstream Downstream
Statistically different means indicated by differing letters
A
BBB
ABAB
ABABAB
Discussion
Varied water chemistry depicts a system with multiple inputs from both known (effluent) and unknown (runoff) sources
Alterations to FHM fecundity and body condition factor represent a complex river system with varying inputs
Sunfish indices (glucose HSI GSI) detail the importance of entire life-cycle exposure due to strong upstream to downstream trends (glucose) and individual site effects (HSI GSI)
Impacts
Potential improper re-direction of energy stores at a critical energy-intensive period of reproduction
Alterations to reproduction and reproductive indices could lead to population dynamic changes
Most pronounced effects observed on resident sunfish those which were exposed their entire life
Acknowledgements
Thanks to our collaboratorsSt Cloud State University ndash
Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory
Estrone and Temperature Interactions Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationships in Freshwater Fish
Estrone and Temperature Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationship in Freshwater Fish
Introduction
Hypothesis
Exposure Systems
Predator Avoidance response
Calcein Staining
Slide Number 8
Slide Number 9
Slide Number 10
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
Results Recap
Discussion
Significance
Acknowledgements
Questions
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastwateer Land Application Sites
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastewater Land Application Sites
Some Definitions
Problem amp Significance
Problem amp Significance
Objectives
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in shallow groundwater near 7 LSTSRIB facilities
Objective (a) - Methods
Facility Locations
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
Comparison to MN Ambient Groundwater
PrioritizationScreening Assessment
Prioritization Assessment - Surface Water
Screening Assessment ndash Human Health
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b) - Methods
Agricultural Field Results
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary
Acknowledgements
Questions
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
Outline
PFAS ndash General overview
What is an emerging contaminant
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Federal and State EC Programs
What are PFAS
UsesSources
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
The Impetus for Change
Slide Number 14
Slide Number 15
Slide Number 16
Slide Number 17
Slide Number 18
Slide Number 19
Slide Number 20
Slide Number 21
Slide Number 22
Slide Number 23
Slide Number 24
Slide Number 25
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnows (pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
4 McGuire M E et al (2014) Evidence of remediation-induced alteration of subsurface poly- and perfluoroalkyl substance distribution at a former firefighter training area Environmental Science amp Technology 48(12) 6644-6652
20 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Wastewater and Managementbull Water treatment containment
reusedischargebull Biosolids management reuse
5 Xindi C Hu et al Detection of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in the US Drinking Water Linked to Industrial Sites Military Fire Training Areas and Wastewater Treatment Plants Environmental Science and Technology Letters (August 2016) 3 344-350 DOI 101021ascastlett6b00260
6 US Environmental Protection Agency FACT SHEET Perfluorochemical (PFC) Contaminationof Biosolids Near Decatur Alabama March 20117 httpwwwafcecafmilNewsArticle-DisplayArticle466187air-force-earth-day-2013-emphasis-on-water-conservation
Water reuse Source Construction (compaction dust suppression) Irrigation (grounds golf course)
21 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Stormwaterbull gt95 detection across samples collectedbull Non-point source contributionbull Management via
passive treatment collection and treatment retention
bull Currently being maintained on propertybull Staged until later datebull Liabilities minimized by storing on-sitebull Some disposal facilities refusing to accept
AFFF Foam- Best Management Practices Consider entire life cycle
bull Procurement bull Management of wastewater during testing
and flushingbull Disposal practices
22 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
The ldquotake-home messagesrdquohellip
1 Keep one eye open- the PFAS regulatory framework is evolving quickly
2 Science is not always driving decisions
3 Evaluate and manage liabilities proactively to avoid unintended consequences
PFAS Regulatory Status and Prognosis
PFAS Strategic Management Today
23 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Upcoming ConferencesAEHS Amherst MA- Oct 16-19SETAC Annual Conference Minneapolis MN- Nov 16-18Battelle Chlorinated Conference Palm Springs CA ndashApril 8-12
Industry PublicationsNGWA Groundwater and PFAS State of Knowledge and Practice- due out Fall 2017ITRC PFAS Fact Sheets- 6 in total before the end of 2017Podcast Understanding Emerging Contaminants and Regulatory Matters (httpsitunesapplecomuspodcastcivil-engineering-podcastid993416182mt=2) Woodard S et al 2017 Ion exchange resin for PFAS removal and pilot test comparison to GAC Remediation 2017 2719-27
Where to find us
24 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Questions
Thank youShalene Thomas MS PMPEmerging Contaminants Program ManagerWood dba Amec Foster Wheeler
Male Fathead Minnow Condition FactorMean BCF vs Treatment (Fathead Minnow)
Treatment
BLK GRM BCR FMP PBG USC SCR TWP MIX000
001
002
003
004
005
006Mean
2017
Upstream Downstream
Statistically different means indicated by differing letters
A
BBB
ABAB
ABABAB
Discussion
Varied water chemistry depicts a system with multiple inputs from both known (effluent) and unknown (runoff) sources
Alterations to FHM fecundity and body condition factor represent a complex river system with varying inputs
Sunfish indices (glucose HSI GSI) detail the importance of entire life-cycle exposure due to strong upstream to downstream trends (glucose) and individual site effects (HSI GSI)
Impacts
Potential improper re-direction of energy stores at a critical energy-intensive period of reproduction
Alterations to reproduction and reproductive indices could lead to population dynamic changes
Most pronounced effects observed on resident sunfish those which were exposed their entire life
Acknowledgements
Thanks to our collaboratorsSt Cloud State University ndash
Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory
Estrone and Temperature Interactions Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationships in Freshwater Fish
Estrone and Temperature Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationship in Freshwater Fish
Introduction
Hypothesis
Exposure Systems
Predator Avoidance response
Calcein Staining
Slide Number 8
Slide Number 9
Slide Number 10
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
Results Recap
Discussion
Significance
Acknowledgements
Questions
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastwateer Land Application Sites
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastewater Land Application Sites
Some Definitions
Problem amp Significance
Problem amp Significance
Objectives
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in shallow groundwater near 7 LSTSRIB facilities
Objective (a) - Methods
Facility Locations
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
Comparison to MN Ambient Groundwater
PrioritizationScreening Assessment
Prioritization Assessment - Surface Water
Screening Assessment ndash Human Health
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b) - Methods
Agricultural Field Results
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary
Acknowledgements
Questions
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
Outline
PFAS ndash General overview
What is an emerging contaminant
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Federal and State EC Programs
What are PFAS
UsesSources
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
The Impetus for Change
Slide Number 14
Slide Number 15
Slide Number 16
Slide Number 17
Slide Number 18
Slide Number 19
Slide Number 20
Slide Number 21
Slide Number 22
Slide Number 23
Slide Number 24
Slide Number 25
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnows (pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
4 McGuire M E et al (2014) Evidence of remediation-induced alteration of subsurface poly- and perfluoroalkyl substance distribution at a former firefighter training area Environmental Science amp Technology 48(12) 6644-6652
20 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Wastewater and Managementbull Water treatment containment
reusedischargebull Biosolids management reuse
5 Xindi C Hu et al Detection of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in the US Drinking Water Linked to Industrial Sites Military Fire Training Areas and Wastewater Treatment Plants Environmental Science and Technology Letters (August 2016) 3 344-350 DOI 101021ascastlett6b00260
6 US Environmental Protection Agency FACT SHEET Perfluorochemical (PFC) Contaminationof Biosolids Near Decatur Alabama March 20117 httpwwwafcecafmilNewsArticle-DisplayArticle466187air-force-earth-day-2013-emphasis-on-water-conservation
Water reuse Source Construction (compaction dust suppression) Irrigation (grounds golf course)
21 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Stormwaterbull gt95 detection across samples collectedbull Non-point source contributionbull Management via
passive treatment collection and treatment retention
bull Currently being maintained on propertybull Staged until later datebull Liabilities minimized by storing on-sitebull Some disposal facilities refusing to accept
AFFF Foam- Best Management Practices Consider entire life cycle
bull Procurement bull Management of wastewater during testing
and flushingbull Disposal practices
22 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
The ldquotake-home messagesrdquohellip
1 Keep one eye open- the PFAS regulatory framework is evolving quickly
2 Science is not always driving decisions
3 Evaluate and manage liabilities proactively to avoid unintended consequences
PFAS Regulatory Status and Prognosis
PFAS Strategic Management Today
23 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Upcoming ConferencesAEHS Amherst MA- Oct 16-19SETAC Annual Conference Minneapolis MN- Nov 16-18Battelle Chlorinated Conference Palm Springs CA ndashApril 8-12
Industry PublicationsNGWA Groundwater and PFAS State of Knowledge and Practice- due out Fall 2017ITRC PFAS Fact Sheets- 6 in total before the end of 2017Podcast Understanding Emerging Contaminants and Regulatory Matters (httpsitunesapplecomuspodcastcivil-engineering-podcastid993416182mt=2) Woodard S et al 2017 Ion exchange resin for PFAS removal and pilot test comparison to GAC Remediation 2017 2719-27
Where to find us
24 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Questions
Thank youShalene Thomas MS PMPEmerging Contaminants Program ManagerWood dba Amec Foster Wheeler
Male Fathead Minnow Condition FactorMean BCF vs Treatment (Fathead Minnow)
Treatment
BLK GRM BCR FMP PBG USC SCR TWP MIX000
001
002
003
004
005
006Mean
2017
Upstream Downstream
Statistically different means indicated by differing letters
A
BBB
ABAB
ABABAB
Discussion
Varied water chemistry depicts a system with multiple inputs from both known (effluent) and unknown (runoff) sources
Alterations to FHM fecundity and body condition factor represent a complex river system with varying inputs
Sunfish indices (glucose HSI GSI) detail the importance of entire life-cycle exposure due to strong upstream to downstream trends (glucose) and individual site effects (HSI GSI)
Impacts
Potential improper re-direction of energy stores at a critical energy-intensive period of reproduction
Alterations to reproduction and reproductive indices could lead to population dynamic changes
Most pronounced effects observed on resident sunfish those which were exposed their entire life
Acknowledgements
Thanks to our collaboratorsSt Cloud State University ndash
Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory
Estrone and Temperature Interactions Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationships in Freshwater Fish
Estrone and Temperature Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationship in Freshwater Fish
Introduction
Hypothesis
Exposure Systems
Predator Avoidance response
Calcein Staining
Slide Number 8
Slide Number 9
Slide Number 10
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
Results Recap
Discussion
Significance
Acknowledgements
Questions
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastwateer Land Application Sites
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastewater Land Application Sites
Some Definitions
Problem amp Significance
Problem amp Significance
Objectives
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in shallow groundwater near 7 LSTSRIB facilities
Objective (a) - Methods
Facility Locations
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
Comparison to MN Ambient Groundwater
PrioritizationScreening Assessment
Prioritization Assessment - Surface Water
Screening Assessment ndash Human Health
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b) - Methods
Agricultural Field Results
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary
Acknowledgements
Questions
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
Outline
PFAS ndash General overview
What is an emerging contaminant
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Federal and State EC Programs
What are PFAS
UsesSources
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
The Impetus for Change
Slide Number 14
Slide Number 15
Slide Number 16
Slide Number 17
Slide Number 18
Slide Number 19
Slide Number 20
Slide Number 21
Slide Number 22
Slide Number 23
Slide Number 24
Slide Number 25
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnows (pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Maumee River
Maumee River
Study Objective
Slide Number 5
Slide Number 6
Slide Number 7
Slide Number 8
Water Chemistry
Water Chemistry
Fathead Minnow Fecundity
Larval Fathead Minnow
Sunfish Blood Glucose
Slide Number 14
Resident Sunfish Gonadosomatic Index
Slide Number 16
Male Fathead Minnow Condition Factor
Discussion
Impacts
Acknowledgements
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Storm Water Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Stormwater Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
All installations compound highlights PFSAs account for most of the
mass Accumulated mass resides at
GW-SW interface in pore water and sediment
Some PFAS bioaccumulate in fish filet
17 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
All Installations- Aqueous Media
Low and mid-range C chain lengths dominate Widespread low-level detections in SW
62 FTS highest in groundwater PFHxS and PFOS dominate in ST PW SW
18 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
All installations SO SD FT
Longer chain compounds present in solid media
PFOS PFHxS dominate SO and SD
PFOS 100X other PFAS in fish tissue
19 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Managing and Mitigating Liability Active Remediation Considerations
bull Oxidation of precursorsbull Soil excavationbull Reinjection
ConstructionDemolitionbull Soil management bull Air translocationbull Dewatering considerations
4 McGuire M E et al (2014) Evidence of remediation-induced alteration of subsurface poly- and perfluoroalkyl substance distribution at a former firefighter training area Environmental Science amp Technology 48(12) 6644-6652
20 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Wastewater and Managementbull Water treatment containment
reusedischargebull Biosolids management reuse
5 Xindi C Hu et al Detection of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in the US Drinking Water Linked to Industrial Sites Military Fire Training Areas and Wastewater Treatment Plants Environmental Science and Technology Letters (August 2016) 3 344-350 DOI 101021ascastlett6b00260
6 US Environmental Protection Agency FACT SHEET Perfluorochemical (PFC) Contaminationof Biosolids Near Decatur Alabama March 20117 httpwwwafcecafmilNewsArticle-DisplayArticle466187air-force-earth-day-2013-emphasis-on-water-conservation
Water reuse Source Construction (compaction dust suppression) Irrigation (grounds golf course)
21 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Stormwaterbull gt95 detection across samples collectedbull Non-point source contributionbull Management via
passive treatment collection and treatment retention
bull Currently being maintained on propertybull Staged until later datebull Liabilities minimized by storing on-sitebull Some disposal facilities refusing to accept
AFFF Foam- Best Management Practices Consider entire life cycle
bull Procurement bull Management of wastewater during testing
and flushingbull Disposal practices
22 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
The ldquotake-home messagesrdquohellip
1 Keep one eye open- the PFAS regulatory framework is evolving quickly
2 Science is not always driving decisions
3 Evaluate and manage liabilities proactively to avoid unintended consequences
PFAS Regulatory Status and Prognosis
PFAS Strategic Management Today
23 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Upcoming ConferencesAEHS Amherst MA- Oct 16-19SETAC Annual Conference Minneapolis MN- Nov 16-18Battelle Chlorinated Conference Palm Springs CA ndashApril 8-12
Industry PublicationsNGWA Groundwater and PFAS State of Knowledge and Practice- due out Fall 2017ITRC PFAS Fact Sheets- 6 in total before the end of 2017Podcast Understanding Emerging Contaminants and Regulatory Matters (httpsitunesapplecomuspodcastcivil-engineering-podcastid993416182mt=2) Woodard S et al 2017 Ion exchange resin for PFAS removal and pilot test comparison to GAC Remediation 2017 2719-27
Where to find us
24 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Questions
Thank youShalene Thomas MS PMPEmerging Contaminants Program ManagerWood dba Amec Foster Wheeler
Male Fathead Minnow Condition FactorMean BCF vs Treatment (Fathead Minnow)
Treatment
BLK GRM BCR FMP PBG USC SCR TWP MIX000
001
002
003
004
005
006Mean
2017
Upstream Downstream
Statistically different means indicated by differing letters
A
BBB
ABAB
ABABAB
Discussion
Varied water chemistry depicts a system with multiple inputs from both known (effluent) and unknown (runoff) sources
Alterations to FHM fecundity and body condition factor represent a complex river system with varying inputs
Sunfish indices (glucose HSI GSI) detail the importance of entire life-cycle exposure due to strong upstream to downstream trends (glucose) and individual site effects (HSI GSI)
Impacts
Potential improper re-direction of energy stores at a critical energy-intensive period of reproduction
Alterations to reproduction and reproductive indices could lead to population dynamic changes
Most pronounced effects observed on resident sunfish those which were exposed their entire life
Acknowledgements
Thanks to our collaboratorsSt Cloud State University ndash
Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory
Estrone and Temperature Interactions Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationships in Freshwater Fish
Estrone and Temperature Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationship in Freshwater Fish
Introduction
Hypothesis
Exposure Systems
Predator Avoidance response
Calcein Staining
Slide Number 8
Slide Number 9
Slide Number 10
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
Results Recap
Discussion
Significance
Acknowledgements
Questions
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastwateer Land Application Sites
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastewater Land Application Sites
Some Definitions
Problem amp Significance
Problem amp Significance
Objectives
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in shallow groundwater near 7 LSTSRIB facilities
Objective (a) - Methods
Facility Locations
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
Comparison to MN Ambient Groundwater
PrioritizationScreening Assessment
Prioritization Assessment - Surface Water
Screening Assessment ndash Human Health
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b) - Methods
Agricultural Field Results
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary
Acknowledgements
Questions
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
Outline
PFAS ndash General overview
What is an emerging contaminant
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Federal and State EC Programs
What are PFAS
UsesSources
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
The Impetus for Change
Slide Number 14
Slide Number 15
Slide Number 16
Slide Number 17
Slide Number 18
Slide Number 19
Slide Number 20
Slide Number 21
Slide Number 22
Slide Number 23
Slide Number 24
Slide Number 25
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnows (pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Maumee River
Maumee River
Study Objective
Slide Number 5
Slide Number 6
Slide Number 7
Slide Number 8
Water Chemistry
Water Chemistry
Fathead Minnow Fecundity
Larval Fathead Minnow
Sunfish Blood Glucose
Slide Number 14
Resident Sunfish Gonadosomatic Index
Slide Number 16
Male Fathead Minnow Condition Factor
Discussion
Impacts
Acknowledgements
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Storm Water Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Stormwater Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
All Installations- Aqueous Media
Low and mid-range C chain lengths dominate Widespread low-level detections in SW
62 FTS highest in groundwater PFHxS and PFOS dominate in ST PW SW
18 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
All installations SO SD FT
Longer chain compounds present in solid media
PFOS PFHxS dominate SO and SD
PFOS 100X other PFAS in fish tissue
19 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Managing and Mitigating Liability Active Remediation Considerations
bull Oxidation of precursorsbull Soil excavationbull Reinjection
ConstructionDemolitionbull Soil management bull Air translocationbull Dewatering considerations
4 McGuire M E et al (2014) Evidence of remediation-induced alteration of subsurface poly- and perfluoroalkyl substance distribution at a former firefighter training area Environmental Science amp Technology 48(12) 6644-6652
20 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Wastewater and Managementbull Water treatment containment
reusedischargebull Biosolids management reuse
5 Xindi C Hu et al Detection of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in the US Drinking Water Linked to Industrial Sites Military Fire Training Areas and Wastewater Treatment Plants Environmental Science and Technology Letters (August 2016) 3 344-350 DOI 101021ascastlett6b00260
6 US Environmental Protection Agency FACT SHEET Perfluorochemical (PFC) Contaminationof Biosolids Near Decatur Alabama March 20117 httpwwwafcecafmilNewsArticle-DisplayArticle466187air-force-earth-day-2013-emphasis-on-water-conservation
Water reuse Source Construction (compaction dust suppression) Irrigation (grounds golf course)
21 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Stormwaterbull gt95 detection across samples collectedbull Non-point source contributionbull Management via
passive treatment collection and treatment retention
bull Currently being maintained on propertybull Staged until later datebull Liabilities minimized by storing on-sitebull Some disposal facilities refusing to accept
AFFF Foam- Best Management Practices Consider entire life cycle
bull Procurement bull Management of wastewater during testing
and flushingbull Disposal practices
22 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
The ldquotake-home messagesrdquohellip
1 Keep one eye open- the PFAS regulatory framework is evolving quickly
2 Science is not always driving decisions
3 Evaluate and manage liabilities proactively to avoid unintended consequences
PFAS Regulatory Status and Prognosis
PFAS Strategic Management Today
23 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Upcoming ConferencesAEHS Amherst MA- Oct 16-19SETAC Annual Conference Minneapolis MN- Nov 16-18Battelle Chlorinated Conference Palm Springs CA ndashApril 8-12
Industry PublicationsNGWA Groundwater and PFAS State of Knowledge and Practice- due out Fall 2017ITRC PFAS Fact Sheets- 6 in total before the end of 2017Podcast Understanding Emerging Contaminants and Regulatory Matters (httpsitunesapplecomuspodcastcivil-engineering-podcastid993416182mt=2) Woodard S et al 2017 Ion exchange resin for PFAS removal and pilot test comparison to GAC Remediation 2017 2719-27
Where to find us
24 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Questions
Thank youShalene Thomas MS PMPEmerging Contaminants Program ManagerWood dba Amec Foster Wheeler
Male Fathead Minnow Condition FactorMean BCF vs Treatment (Fathead Minnow)
Treatment
BLK GRM BCR FMP PBG USC SCR TWP MIX000
001
002
003
004
005
006Mean
2017
Upstream Downstream
Statistically different means indicated by differing letters
A
BBB
ABAB
ABABAB
Discussion
Varied water chemistry depicts a system with multiple inputs from both known (effluent) and unknown (runoff) sources
Alterations to FHM fecundity and body condition factor represent a complex river system with varying inputs
Sunfish indices (glucose HSI GSI) detail the importance of entire life-cycle exposure due to strong upstream to downstream trends (glucose) and individual site effects (HSI GSI)
Impacts
Potential improper re-direction of energy stores at a critical energy-intensive period of reproduction
Alterations to reproduction and reproductive indices could lead to population dynamic changes
Most pronounced effects observed on resident sunfish those which were exposed their entire life
Acknowledgements
Thanks to our collaboratorsSt Cloud State University ndash
Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory
Estrone and Temperature Interactions Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationships in Freshwater Fish
Estrone and Temperature Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationship in Freshwater Fish
Introduction
Hypothesis
Exposure Systems
Predator Avoidance response
Calcein Staining
Slide Number 8
Slide Number 9
Slide Number 10
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
Results Recap
Discussion
Significance
Acknowledgements
Questions
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastwateer Land Application Sites
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastewater Land Application Sites
Some Definitions
Problem amp Significance
Problem amp Significance
Objectives
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in shallow groundwater near 7 LSTSRIB facilities
Objective (a) - Methods
Facility Locations
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
Comparison to MN Ambient Groundwater
PrioritizationScreening Assessment
Prioritization Assessment - Surface Water
Screening Assessment ndash Human Health
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b) - Methods
Agricultural Field Results
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary
Acknowledgements
Questions
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
Outline
PFAS ndash General overview
What is an emerging contaminant
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Federal and State EC Programs
What are PFAS
UsesSources
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
The Impetus for Change
Slide Number 14
Slide Number 15
Slide Number 16
Slide Number 17
Slide Number 18
Slide Number 19
Slide Number 20
Slide Number 21
Slide Number 22
Slide Number 23
Slide Number 24
Slide Number 25
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnows (pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Maumee River
Maumee River
Study Objective
Slide Number 5
Slide Number 6
Slide Number 7
Slide Number 8
Water Chemistry
Water Chemistry
Fathead Minnow Fecundity
Larval Fathead Minnow
Sunfish Blood Glucose
Slide Number 14
Resident Sunfish Gonadosomatic Index
Slide Number 16
Male Fathead Minnow Condition Factor
Discussion
Impacts
Acknowledgements
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Storm Water Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Stormwater Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
All installations SO SD FT
Longer chain compounds present in solid media
PFOS PFHxS dominate SO and SD
PFOS 100X other PFAS in fish tissue
19 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Managing and Mitigating Liability Active Remediation Considerations
bull Oxidation of precursorsbull Soil excavationbull Reinjection
ConstructionDemolitionbull Soil management bull Air translocationbull Dewatering considerations
4 McGuire M E et al (2014) Evidence of remediation-induced alteration of subsurface poly- and perfluoroalkyl substance distribution at a former firefighter training area Environmental Science amp Technology 48(12) 6644-6652
20 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Wastewater and Managementbull Water treatment containment
reusedischargebull Biosolids management reuse
5 Xindi C Hu et al Detection of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in the US Drinking Water Linked to Industrial Sites Military Fire Training Areas and Wastewater Treatment Plants Environmental Science and Technology Letters (August 2016) 3 344-350 DOI 101021ascastlett6b00260
6 US Environmental Protection Agency FACT SHEET Perfluorochemical (PFC) Contaminationof Biosolids Near Decatur Alabama March 20117 httpwwwafcecafmilNewsArticle-DisplayArticle466187air-force-earth-day-2013-emphasis-on-water-conservation
Water reuse Source Construction (compaction dust suppression) Irrigation (grounds golf course)
21 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Stormwaterbull gt95 detection across samples collectedbull Non-point source contributionbull Management via
passive treatment collection and treatment retention
bull Currently being maintained on propertybull Staged until later datebull Liabilities minimized by storing on-sitebull Some disposal facilities refusing to accept
AFFF Foam- Best Management Practices Consider entire life cycle
bull Procurement bull Management of wastewater during testing
and flushingbull Disposal practices
22 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
The ldquotake-home messagesrdquohellip
1 Keep one eye open- the PFAS regulatory framework is evolving quickly
2 Science is not always driving decisions
3 Evaluate and manage liabilities proactively to avoid unintended consequences
PFAS Regulatory Status and Prognosis
PFAS Strategic Management Today
23 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Upcoming ConferencesAEHS Amherst MA- Oct 16-19SETAC Annual Conference Minneapolis MN- Nov 16-18Battelle Chlorinated Conference Palm Springs CA ndashApril 8-12
Industry PublicationsNGWA Groundwater and PFAS State of Knowledge and Practice- due out Fall 2017ITRC PFAS Fact Sheets- 6 in total before the end of 2017Podcast Understanding Emerging Contaminants and Regulatory Matters (httpsitunesapplecomuspodcastcivil-engineering-podcastid993416182mt=2) Woodard S et al 2017 Ion exchange resin for PFAS removal and pilot test comparison to GAC Remediation 2017 2719-27
Where to find us
24 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Questions
Thank youShalene Thomas MS PMPEmerging Contaminants Program ManagerWood dba Amec Foster Wheeler
Male Fathead Minnow Condition FactorMean BCF vs Treatment (Fathead Minnow)
Treatment
BLK GRM BCR FMP PBG USC SCR TWP MIX000
001
002
003
004
005
006Mean
2017
Upstream Downstream
Statistically different means indicated by differing letters
A
BBB
ABAB
ABABAB
Discussion
Varied water chemistry depicts a system with multiple inputs from both known (effluent) and unknown (runoff) sources
Alterations to FHM fecundity and body condition factor represent a complex river system with varying inputs
Sunfish indices (glucose HSI GSI) detail the importance of entire life-cycle exposure due to strong upstream to downstream trends (glucose) and individual site effects (HSI GSI)
Impacts
Potential improper re-direction of energy stores at a critical energy-intensive period of reproduction
Alterations to reproduction and reproductive indices could lead to population dynamic changes
Most pronounced effects observed on resident sunfish those which were exposed their entire life
Acknowledgements
Thanks to our collaboratorsSt Cloud State University ndash
Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory
Estrone and Temperature Interactions Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationships in Freshwater Fish
Estrone and Temperature Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationship in Freshwater Fish
Introduction
Hypothesis
Exposure Systems
Predator Avoidance response
Calcein Staining
Slide Number 8
Slide Number 9
Slide Number 10
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
Results Recap
Discussion
Significance
Acknowledgements
Questions
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastwateer Land Application Sites
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastewater Land Application Sites
Some Definitions
Problem amp Significance
Problem amp Significance
Objectives
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in shallow groundwater near 7 LSTSRIB facilities
Objective (a) - Methods
Facility Locations
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
Comparison to MN Ambient Groundwater
PrioritizationScreening Assessment
Prioritization Assessment - Surface Water
Screening Assessment ndash Human Health
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b) - Methods
Agricultural Field Results
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary
Acknowledgements
Questions
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
Outline
PFAS ndash General overview
What is an emerging contaminant
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Federal and State EC Programs
What are PFAS
UsesSources
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
The Impetus for Change
Slide Number 14
Slide Number 15
Slide Number 16
Slide Number 17
Slide Number 18
Slide Number 19
Slide Number 20
Slide Number 21
Slide Number 22
Slide Number 23
Slide Number 24
Slide Number 25
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnows (pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Maumee River
Maumee River
Study Objective
Slide Number 5
Slide Number 6
Slide Number 7
Slide Number 8
Water Chemistry
Water Chemistry
Fathead Minnow Fecundity
Larval Fathead Minnow
Sunfish Blood Glucose
Slide Number 14
Resident Sunfish Gonadosomatic Index
Slide Number 16
Male Fathead Minnow Condition Factor
Discussion
Impacts
Acknowledgements
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Storm Water Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Stormwater Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
Managing and Mitigating Liability Active Remediation Considerations
bull Oxidation of precursorsbull Soil excavationbull Reinjection
ConstructionDemolitionbull Soil management bull Air translocationbull Dewatering considerations
4 McGuire M E et al (2014) Evidence of remediation-induced alteration of subsurface poly- and perfluoroalkyl substance distribution at a former firefighter training area Environmental Science amp Technology 48(12) 6644-6652
20 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Wastewater and Managementbull Water treatment containment
reusedischargebull Biosolids management reuse
5 Xindi C Hu et al Detection of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in the US Drinking Water Linked to Industrial Sites Military Fire Training Areas and Wastewater Treatment Plants Environmental Science and Technology Letters (August 2016) 3 344-350 DOI 101021ascastlett6b00260
6 US Environmental Protection Agency FACT SHEET Perfluorochemical (PFC) Contaminationof Biosolids Near Decatur Alabama March 20117 httpwwwafcecafmilNewsArticle-DisplayArticle466187air-force-earth-day-2013-emphasis-on-water-conservation
Water reuse Source Construction (compaction dust suppression) Irrigation (grounds golf course)
21 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Stormwaterbull gt95 detection across samples collectedbull Non-point source contributionbull Management via
passive treatment collection and treatment retention
bull Currently being maintained on propertybull Staged until later datebull Liabilities minimized by storing on-sitebull Some disposal facilities refusing to accept
AFFF Foam- Best Management Practices Consider entire life cycle
bull Procurement bull Management of wastewater during testing
and flushingbull Disposal practices
22 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
The ldquotake-home messagesrdquohellip
1 Keep one eye open- the PFAS regulatory framework is evolving quickly
2 Science is not always driving decisions
3 Evaluate and manage liabilities proactively to avoid unintended consequences
PFAS Regulatory Status and Prognosis
PFAS Strategic Management Today
23 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Upcoming ConferencesAEHS Amherst MA- Oct 16-19SETAC Annual Conference Minneapolis MN- Nov 16-18Battelle Chlorinated Conference Palm Springs CA ndashApril 8-12
Industry PublicationsNGWA Groundwater and PFAS State of Knowledge and Practice- due out Fall 2017ITRC PFAS Fact Sheets- 6 in total before the end of 2017Podcast Understanding Emerging Contaminants and Regulatory Matters (httpsitunesapplecomuspodcastcivil-engineering-podcastid993416182mt=2) Woodard S et al 2017 Ion exchange resin for PFAS removal and pilot test comparison to GAC Remediation 2017 2719-27
Where to find us
24 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Questions
Thank youShalene Thomas MS PMPEmerging Contaminants Program ManagerWood dba Amec Foster Wheeler
Male Fathead Minnow Condition FactorMean BCF vs Treatment (Fathead Minnow)
Treatment
BLK GRM BCR FMP PBG USC SCR TWP MIX000
001
002
003
004
005
006Mean
2017
Upstream Downstream
Statistically different means indicated by differing letters
A
BBB
ABAB
ABABAB
Discussion
Varied water chemistry depicts a system with multiple inputs from both known (effluent) and unknown (runoff) sources
Alterations to FHM fecundity and body condition factor represent a complex river system with varying inputs
Sunfish indices (glucose HSI GSI) detail the importance of entire life-cycle exposure due to strong upstream to downstream trends (glucose) and individual site effects (HSI GSI)
Impacts
Potential improper re-direction of energy stores at a critical energy-intensive period of reproduction
Alterations to reproduction and reproductive indices could lead to population dynamic changes
Most pronounced effects observed on resident sunfish those which were exposed their entire life
Acknowledgements
Thanks to our collaboratorsSt Cloud State University ndash
Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory
Estrone and Temperature Interactions Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationships in Freshwater Fish
Estrone and Temperature Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationship in Freshwater Fish
Introduction
Hypothesis
Exposure Systems
Predator Avoidance response
Calcein Staining
Slide Number 8
Slide Number 9
Slide Number 10
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
Results Recap
Discussion
Significance
Acknowledgements
Questions
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastwateer Land Application Sites
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastewater Land Application Sites
Some Definitions
Problem amp Significance
Problem amp Significance
Objectives
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in shallow groundwater near 7 LSTSRIB facilities
Objective (a) - Methods
Facility Locations
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
Comparison to MN Ambient Groundwater
PrioritizationScreening Assessment
Prioritization Assessment - Surface Water
Screening Assessment ndash Human Health
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b) - Methods
Agricultural Field Results
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary
Acknowledgements
Questions
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
Outline
PFAS ndash General overview
What is an emerging contaminant
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Federal and State EC Programs
What are PFAS
UsesSources
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
The Impetus for Change
Slide Number 14
Slide Number 15
Slide Number 16
Slide Number 17
Slide Number 18
Slide Number 19
Slide Number 20
Slide Number 21
Slide Number 22
Slide Number 23
Slide Number 24
Slide Number 25
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnows (pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Maumee River
Maumee River
Study Objective
Slide Number 5
Slide Number 6
Slide Number 7
Slide Number 8
Water Chemistry
Water Chemistry
Fathead Minnow Fecundity
Larval Fathead Minnow
Sunfish Blood Glucose
Slide Number 14
Resident Sunfish Gonadosomatic Index
Slide Number 16
Male Fathead Minnow Condition Factor
Discussion
Impacts
Acknowledgements
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Storm Water Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Stormwater Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Wastewater and Managementbull Water treatment containment
reusedischargebull Biosolids management reuse
5 Xindi C Hu et al Detection of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in the US Drinking Water Linked to Industrial Sites Military Fire Training Areas and Wastewater Treatment Plants Environmental Science and Technology Letters (August 2016) 3 344-350 DOI 101021ascastlett6b00260
6 US Environmental Protection Agency FACT SHEET Perfluorochemical (PFC) Contaminationof Biosolids Near Decatur Alabama March 20117 httpwwwafcecafmilNewsArticle-DisplayArticle466187air-force-earth-day-2013-emphasis-on-water-conservation
Water reuse Source Construction (compaction dust suppression) Irrigation (grounds golf course)
21 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Stormwaterbull gt95 detection across samples collectedbull Non-point source contributionbull Management via
passive treatment collection and treatment retention
bull Currently being maintained on propertybull Staged until later datebull Liabilities minimized by storing on-sitebull Some disposal facilities refusing to accept
AFFF Foam- Best Management Practices Consider entire life cycle
bull Procurement bull Management of wastewater during testing
and flushingbull Disposal practices
22 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
The ldquotake-home messagesrdquohellip
1 Keep one eye open- the PFAS regulatory framework is evolving quickly
2 Science is not always driving decisions
3 Evaluate and manage liabilities proactively to avoid unintended consequences
PFAS Regulatory Status and Prognosis
PFAS Strategic Management Today
23 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Upcoming ConferencesAEHS Amherst MA- Oct 16-19SETAC Annual Conference Minneapolis MN- Nov 16-18Battelle Chlorinated Conference Palm Springs CA ndashApril 8-12
Industry PublicationsNGWA Groundwater and PFAS State of Knowledge and Practice- due out Fall 2017ITRC PFAS Fact Sheets- 6 in total before the end of 2017Podcast Understanding Emerging Contaminants and Regulatory Matters (httpsitunesapplecomuspodcastcivil-engineering-podcastid993416182mt=2) Woodard S et al 2017 Ion exchange resin for PFAS removal and pilot test comparison to GAC Remediation 2017 2719-27
Where to find us
24 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Questions
Thank youShalene Thomas MS PMPEmerging Contaminants Program ManagerWood dba Amec Foster Wheeler
Male Fathead Minnow Condition FactorMean BCF vs Treatment (Fathead Minnow)
Treatment
BLK GRM BCR FMP PBG USC SCR TWP MIX000
001
002
003
004
005
006Mean
2017
Upstream Downstream
Statistically different means indicated by differing letters
A
BBB
ABAB
ABABAB
Discussion
Varied water chemistry depicts a system with multiple inputs from both known (effluent) and unknown (runoff) sources
Alterations to FHM fecundity and body condition factor represent a complex river system with varying inputs
Sunfish indices (glucose HSI GSI) detail the importance of entire life-cycle exposure due to strong upstream to downstream trends (glucose) and individual site effects (HSI GSI)
Impacts
Potential improper re-direction of energy stores at a critical energy-intensive period of reproduction
Alterations to reproduction and reproductive indices could lead to population dynamic changes
Most pronounced effects observed on resident sunfish those which were exposed their entire life
Acknowledgements
Thanks to our collaboratorsSt Cloud State University ndash
Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory
Estrone and Temperature Interactions Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationships in Freshwater Fish
Estrone and Temperature Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationship in Freshwater Fish
Introduction
Hypothesis
Exposure Systems
Predator Avoidance response
Calcein Staining
Slide Number 8
Slide Number 9
Slide Number 10
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
Results Recap
Discussion
Significance
Acknowledgements
Questions
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastwateer Land Application Sites
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastewater Land Application Sites
Some Definitions
Problem amp Significance
Problem amp Significance
Objectives
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in shallow groundwater near 7 LSTSRIB facilities
Objective (a) - Methods
Facility Locations
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
Comparison to MN Ambient Groundwater
PrioritizationScreening Assessment
Prioritization Assessment - Surface Water
Screening Assessment ndash Human Health
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b) - Methods
Agricultural Field Results
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary
Acknowledgements
Questions
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
Outline
PFAS ndash General overview
What is an emerging contaminant
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Federal and State EC Programs
What are PFAS
UsesSources
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
The Impetus for Change
Slide Number 14
Slide Number 15
Slide Number 16
Slide Number 17
Slide Number 18
Slide Number 19
Slide Number 20
Slide Number 21
Slide Number 22
Slide Number 23
Slide Number 24
Slide Number 25
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnows (pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Maumee River
Maumee River
Study Objective
Slide Number 5
Slide Number 6
Slide Number 7
Slide Number 8
Water Chemistry
Water Chemistry
Fathead Minnow Fecundity
Larval Fathead Minnow
Sunfish Blood Glucose
Slide Number 14
Resident Sunfish Gonadosomatic Index
Slide Number 16
Male Fathead Minnow Condition Factor
Discussion
Impacts
Acknowledgements
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Storm Water Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
Managing and Mitigating Liability
Stormwaterbull gt95 detection across samples collectedbull Non-point source contributionbull Management via
passive treatment collection and treatment retention
bull Currently being maintained on propertybull Staged until later datebull Liabilities minimized by storing on-sitebull Some disposal facilities refusing to accept
AFFF Foam- Best Management Practices Consider entire life cycle
bull Procurement bull Management of wastewater during testing
and flushingbull Disposal practices
22 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Sheet1
Sheet2
The ldquotake-home messagesrdquohellip
1 Keep one eye open- the PFAS regulatory framework is evolving quickly
2 Science is not always driving decisions
3 Evaluate and manage liabilities proactively to avoid unintended consequences
PFAS Regulatory Status and Prognosis
PFAS Strategic Management Today
23 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Upcoming ConferencesAEHS Amherst MA- Oct 16-19SETAC Annual Conference Minneapolis MN- Nov 16-18Battelle Chlorinated Conference Palm Springs CA ndashApril 8-12
Industry PublicationsNGWA Groundwater and PFAS State of Knowledge and Practice- due out Fall 2017ITRC PFAS Fact Sheets- 6 in total before the end of 2017Podcast Understanding Emerging Contaminants and Regulatory Matters (httpsitunesapplecomuspodcastcivil-engineering-podcastid993416182mt=2) Woodard S et al 2017 Ion exchange resin for PFAS removal and pilot test comparison to GAC Remediation 2017 2719-27
Where to find us
24 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Questions
Thank youShalene Thomas MS PMPEmerging Contaminants Program ManagerWood dba Amec Foster Wheeler
Male Fathead Minnow Condition FactorMean BCF vs Treatment (Fathead Minnow)
Treatment
BLK GRM BCR FMP PBG USC SCR TWP MIX000
001
002
003
004
005
006Mean
2017
Upstream Downstream
Statistically different means indicated by differing letters
A
BBB
ABAB
ABABAB
Discussion
Varied water chemistry depicts a system with multiple inputs from both known (effluent) and unknown (runoff) sources
Alterations to FHM fecundity and body condition factor represent a complex river system with varying inputs
Sunfish indices (glucose HSI GSI) detail the importance of entire life-cycle exposure due to strong upstream to downstream trends (glucose) and individual site effects (HSI GSI)
Impacts
Potential improper re-direction of energy stores at a critical energy-intensive period of reproduction
Alterations to reproduction and reproductive indices could lead to population dynamic changes
Most pronounced effects observed on resident sunfish those which were exposed their entire life
Acknowledgements
Thanks to our collaboratorsSt Cloud State University ndash
Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory
Estrone and Temperature Interactions Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationships in Freshwater Fish
Estrone and Temperature Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationship in Freshwater Fish
Introduction
Hypothesis
Exposure Systems
Predator Avoidance response
Calcein Staining
Slide Number 8
Slide Number 9
Slide Number 10
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
Results Recap
Discussion
Significance
Acknowledgements
Questions
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastwateer Land Application Sites
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastewater Land Application Sites
Some Definitions
Problem amp Significance
Problem amp Significance
Objectives
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in shallow groundwater near 7 LSTSRIB facilities
Objective (a) - Methods
Facility Locations
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
Comparison to MN Ambient Groundwater
PrioritizationScreening Assessment
Prioritization Assessment - Surface Water
Screening Assessment ndash Human Health
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b) - Methods
Agricultural Field Results
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary
Acknowledgements
Questions
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
Outline
PFAS ndash General overview
What is an emerging contaminant
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Federal and State EC Programs
What are PFAS
UsesSources
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
The Impetus for Change
Slide Number 14
Slide Number 15
Slide Number 16
Slide Number 17
Slide Number 18
Slide Number 19
Slide Number 20
Slide Number 21
Slide Number 22
Slide Number 23
Slide Number 24
Slide Number 25
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnows (pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Maumee River
Maumee River
Study Objective
Slide Number 5
Slide Number 6
Slide Number 7
Slide Number 8
Water Chemistry
Water Chemistry
Fathead Minnow Fecundity
Larval Fathead Minnow
Sunfish Blood Glucose
Slide Number 14
Resident Sunfish Gonadosomatic Index
Slide Number 16
Male Fathead Minnow Condition Factor
Discussion
Impacts
Acknowledgements
Sampled Media
of samples
PFOS Frequency of Detects
PFOS Median Maximum (ppb)
PFOA Frequency of Detects
PFOA Median Maximum (ppb)
Soil samples
1562
5970
324 108000
4460
260 1450
Groundwater samples
1363
7450
0050 7150
6630
005 3820
Stormwater samples
80
9630
0140 370
6750
0040 0940
Porewater samples
40
9750
0520 430
9250
0110 0520
Sediment samples
123
7560
864 984
4630
0560 342
Surface water samples
119
9660
0150 240
9080
0050 115
Fish tissue samples
17
10000
591 457
3530
0460 0740
Examples
Primary Source
Secondary Source
FTAs
uuml
Hangars
uuml
Crash Sites
uuml
Crash Stations
uuml
Storm Water Systems
uuml
Wastewater Systems
uuml
Construction Activities
uuml
uuml
Remediation Activities
uuml
uuml
The ldquotake-home messagesrdquohellip
1 Keep one eye open- the PFAS regulatory framework is evolving quickly
2 Science is not always driving decisions
3 Evaluate and manage liabilities proactively to avoid unintended consequences
PFAS Regulatory Status and Prognosis
PFAS Strategic Management Today
23 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Upcoming ConferencesAEHS Amherst MA- Oct 16-19SETAC Annual Conference Minneapolis MN- Nov 16-18Battelle Chlorinated Conference Palm Springs CA ndashApril 8-12
Industry PublicationsNGWA Groundwater and PFAS State of Knowledge and Practice- due out Fall 2017ITRC PFAS Fact Sheets- 6 in total before the end of 2017Podcast Understanding Emerging Contaminants and Regulatory Matters (httpsitunesapplecomuspodcastcivil-engineering-podcastid993416182mt=2) Woodard S et al 2017 Ion exchange resin for PFAS removal and pilot test comparison to GAC Remediation 2017 2719-27
Where to find us
24 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Questions
Thank youShalene Thomas MS PMPEmerging Contaminants Program ManagerWood dba Amec Foster Wheeler
Male Fathead Minnow Condition FactorMean BCF vs Treatment (Fathead Minnow)
Treatment
BLK GRM BCR FMP PBG USC SCR TWP MIX000
001
002
003
004
005
006Mean
2017
Upstream Downstream
Statistically different means indicated by differing letters
A
BBB
ABAB
ABABAB
Discussion
Varied water chemistry depicts a system with multiple inputs from both known (effluent) and unknown (runoff) sources
Alterations to FHM fecundity and body condition factor represent a complex river system with varying inputs
Sunfish indices (glucose HSI GSI) detail the importance of entire life-cycle exposure due to strong upstream to downstream trends (glucose) and individual site effects (HSI GSI)
Impacts
Potential improper re-direction of energy stores at a critical energy-intensive period of reproduction
Alterations to reproduction and reproductive indices could lead to population dynamic changes
Most pronounced effects observed on resident sunfish those which were exposed their entire life
Acknowledgements
Thanks to our collaboratorsSt Cloud State University ndash
Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory
Estrone and Temperature Interactions Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationships in Freshwater Fish
Estrone and Temperature Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationship in Freshwater Fish
Introduction
Hypothesis
Exposure Systems
Predator Avoidance response
Calcein Staining
Slide Number 8
Slide Number 9
Slide Number 10
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
Results Recap
Discussion
Significance
Acknowledgements
Questions
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastwateer Land Application Sites
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastewater Land Application Sites
Some Definitions
Problem amp Significance
Problem amp Significance
Objectives
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in shallow groundwater near 7 LSTSRIB facilities
Objective (a) - Methods
Facility Locations
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
Comparison to MN Ambient Groundwater
PrioritizationScreening Assessment
Prioritization Assessment - Surface Water
Screening Assessment ndash Human Health
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b) - Methods
Agricultural Field Results
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary
Acknowledgements
Questions
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
Outline
PFAS ndash General overview
What is an emerging contaminant
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Federal and State EC Programs
What are PFAS
UsesSources
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
The Impetus for Change
Slide Number 14
Slide Number 15
Slide Number 16
Slide Number 17
Slide Number 18
Slide Number 19
Slide Number 20
Slide Number 21
Slide Number 22
Slide Number 23
Slide Number 24
Slide Number 25
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnows (pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Maumee River
Maumee River
Study Objective
Slide Number 5
Slide Number 6
Slide Number 7
Slide Number 8
Water Chemistry
Water Chemistry
Fathead Minnow Fecundity
Larval Fathead Minnow
Sunfish Blood Glucose
Slide Number 14
Resident Sunfish Gonadosomatic Index
Slide Number 16
Male Fathead Minnow Condition Factor
Discussion
Impacts
Acknowledgements
Upcoming ConferencesAEHS Amherst MA- Oct 16-19SETAC Annual Conference Minneapolis MN- Nov 16-18Battelle Chlorinated Conference Palm Springs CA ndashApril 8-12
Industry PublicationsNGWA Groundwater and PFAS State of Knowledge and Practice- due out Fall 2017ITRC PFAS Fact Sheets- 6 in total before the end of 2017Podcast Understanding Emerging Contaminants and Regulatory Matters (httpsitunesapplecomuspodcastcivil-engineering-podcastid993416182mt=2) Woodard S et al 2017 Ion exchange resin for PFAS removal and pilot test comparison to GAC Remediation 2017 2719-27
Where to find us
24 copy Amec Foster Wheeler 2017
Questions
Thank youShalene Thomas MS PMPEmerging Contaminants Program ManagerWood dba Amec Foster Wheeler
Male Fathead Minnow Condition FactorMean BCF vs Treatment (Fathead Minnow)
Treatment
BLK GRM BCR FMP PBG USC SCR TWP MIX000
001
002
003
004
005
006Mean
2017
Upstream Downstream
Statistically different means indicated by differing letters
A
BBB
ABAB
ABABAB
Discussion
Varied water chemistry depicts a system with multiple inputs from both known (effluent) and unknown (runoff) sources
Alterations to FHM fecundity and body condition factor represent a complex river system with varying inputs
Sunfish indices (glucose HSI GSI) detail the importance of entire life-cycle exposure due to strong upstream to downstream trends (glucose) and individual site effects (HSI GSI)
Impacts
Potential improper re-direction of energy stores at a critical energy-intensive period of reproduction
Alterations to reproduction and reproductive indices could lead to population dynamic changes
Most pronounced effects observed on resident sunfish those which were exposed their entire life
Acknowledgements
Thanks to our collaboratorsSt Cloud State University ndash
Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory
Estrone and Temperature Interactions Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationships in Freshwater Fish
Estrone and Temperature Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationship in Freshwater Fish
Introduction
Hypothesis
Exposure Systems
Predator Avoidance response
Calcein Staining
Slide Number 8
Slide Number 9
Slide Number 10
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
Results Recap
Discussion
Significance
Acknowledgements
Questions
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastwateer Land Application Sites
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastewater Land Application Sites
Some Definitions
Problem amp Significance
Problem amp Significance
Objectives
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in shallow groundwater near 7 LSTSRIB facilities
Objective (a) - Methods
Facility Locations
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
Comparison to MN Ambient Groundwater
PrioritizationScreening Assessment
Prioritization Assessment - Surface Water
Screening Assessment ndash Human Health
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b) - Methods
Agricultural Field Results
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary
Acknowledgements
Questions
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
Outline
PFAS ndash General overview
What is an emerging contaminant
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Federal and State EC Programs
What are PFAS
UsesSources
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
The Impetus for Change
Slide Number 14
Slide Number 15
Slide Number 16
Slide Number 17
Slide Number 18
Slide Number 19
Slide Number 20
Slide Number 21
Slide Number 22
Slide Number 23
Slide Number 24
Slide Number 25
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnows (pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Maumee River
Maumee River
Study Objective
Slide Number 5
Slide Number 6
Slide Number 7
Slide Number 8
Water Chemistry
Water Chemistry
Fathead Minnow Fecundity
Larval Fathead Minnow
Sunfish Blood Glucose
Slide Number 14
Resident Sunfish Gonadosomatic Index
Slide Number 16
Male Fathead Minnow Condition Factor
Discussion
Impacts
Acknowledgements
Questions
Thank youShalene Thomas MS PMPEmerging Contaminants Program ManagerWood dba Amec Foster Wheeler
Male Fathead Minnow Condition FactorMean BCF vs Treatment (Fathead Minnow)
Treatment
BLK GRM BCR FMP PBG USC SCR TWP MIX000
001
002
003
004
005
006Mean
2017
Upstream Downstream
Statistically different means indicated by differing letters
A
BBB
ABAB
ABABAB
Discussion
Varied water chemistry depicts a system with multiple inputs from both known (effluent) and unknown (runoff) sources
Alterations to FHM fecundity and body condition factor represent a complex river system with varying inputs
Sunfish indices (glucose HSI GSI) detail the importance of entire life-cycle exposure due to strong upstream to downstream trends (glucose) and individual site effects (HSI GSI)
Impacts
Potential improper re-direction of energy stores at a critical energy-intensive period of reproduction
Alterations to reproduction and reproductive indices could lead to population dynamic changes
Most pronounced effects observed on resident sunfish those which were exposed their entire life
Acknowledgements
Thanks to our collaboratorsSt Cloud State University ndash
Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory
Estrone and Temperature Interactions Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationships in Freshwater Fish
Estrone and Temperature Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationship in Freshwater Fish
Introduction
Hypothesis
Exposure Systems
Predator Avoidance response
Calcein Staining
Slide Number 8
Slide Number 9
Slide Number 10
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
Results Recap
Discussion
Significance
Acknowledgements
Questions
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastwateer Land Application Sites
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastewater Land Application Sites
Some Definitions
Problem amp Significance
Problem amp Significance
Objectives
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in shallow groundwater near 7 LSTSRIB facilities
Objective (a) - Methods
Facility Locations
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
Comparison to MN Ambient Groundwater
PrioritizationScreening Assessment
Prioritization Assessment - Surface Water
Screening Assessment ndash Human Health
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b) - Methods
Agricultural Field Results
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary
Acknowledgements
Questions
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
Outline
PFAS ndash General overview
What is an emerging contaminant
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Federal and State EC Programs
What are PFAS
UsesSources
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
The Impetus for Change
Slide Number 14
Slide Number 15
Slide Number 16
Slide Number 17
Slide Number 18
Slide Number 19
Slide Number 20
Slide Number 21
Slide Number 22
Slide Number 23
Slide Number 24
Slide Number 25
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnows (pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Maumee River
Maumee River
Study Objective
Slide Number 5
Slide Number 6
Slide Number 7
Slide Number 8
Water Chemistry
Water Chemistry
Fathead Minnow Fecundity
Larval Fathead Minnow
Sunfish Blood Glucose
Slide Number 14
Resident Sunfish Gonadosomatic Index
Slide Number 16
Male Fathead Minnow Condition Factor
Discussion
Impacts
Acknowledgements
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Nicholas Cipoletti Heiko L Schoenfuss
St Cloud State University
Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory
In collaboration with US Fish amp Wildlife Service and US Geological Survey
Maumee River
Land use - agricultural to urban gradient
Identified as a heavily polluted tributary to the Great Lakes
Thomas et al 2017
Maumee River
Toledobladecom
Study Objective
How do differing aquatic inputs across a gradient of land use
impact the physiological organismal and population level of the Fathead Minnow and Sunfish Upstream (Agricultural) Downstream (Urban)
Toledobladecom
Upstream Sampling Sites
Downstream Sampling Sites
Maumee bull 21 day FHM exposure -
static daily water renewal
bull Resident sunfish collection and caged sunfish deployment (14 day)
Male Fathead Minnow Condition FactorMean BCF vs Treatment (Fathead Minnow)
Treatment
BLK GRM BCR FMP PBG USC SCR TWP MIX000
001
002
003
004
005
006Mean
2017
Upstream Downstream
Statistically different means indicated by differing letters
A
BBB
ABAB
ABABAB
Discussion
Varied water chemistry depicts a system with multiple inputs from both known (effluent) and unknown (runoff) sources
Alterations to FHM fecundity and body condition factor represent a complex river system with varying inputs
Sunfish indices (glucose HSI GSI) detail the importance of entire life-cycle exposure due to strong upstream to downstream trends (glucose) and individual site effects (HSI GSI)
Impacts
Potential improper re-direction of energy stores at a critical energy-intensive period of reproduction
Alterations to reproduction and reproductive indices could lead to population dynamic changes
Most pronounced effects observed on resident sunfish those which were exposed their entire life
Acknowledgements
Thanks to our collaboratorsSt Cloud State University ndash
Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory
Estrone and Temperature Interactions Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationships in Freshwater Fish
Estrone and Temperature Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationship in Freshwater Fish
Introduction
Hypothesis
Exposure Systems
Predator Avoidance response
Calcein Staining
Slide Number 8
Slide Number 9
Slide Number 10
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
Results Recap
Discussion
Significance
Acknowledgements
Questions
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastwateer Land Application Sites
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastewater Land Application Sites
Some Definitions
Problem amp Significance
Problem amp Significance
Objectives
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in shallow groundwater near 7 LSTSRIB facilities
Objective (a) - Methods
Facility Locations
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
Comparison to MN Ambient Groundwater
PrioritizationScreening Assessment
Prioritization Assessment - Surface Water
Screening Assessment ndash Human Health
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b) - Methods
Agricultural Field Results
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary
Acknowledgements
Questions
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
Outline
PFAS ndash General overview
What is an emerging contaminant
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Federal and State EC Programs
What are PFAS
UsesSources
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
The Impetus for Change
Slide Number 14
Slide Number 15
Slide Number 16
Slide Number 17
Slide Number 18
Slide Number 19
Slide Number 20
Slide Number 21
Slide Number 22
Slide Number 23
Slide Number 24
Slide Number 25
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnows (pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Maumee River
Maumee River
Study Objective
Slide Number 5
Slide Number 6
Slide Number 7
Slide Number 8
Water Chemistry
Water Chemistry
Fathead Minnow Fecundity
Larval Fathead Minnow
Sunfish Blood Glucose
Slide Number 14
Resident Sunfish Gonadosomatic Index
Slide Number 16
Male Fathead Minnow Condition Factor
Discussion
Impacts
Acknowledgements
Maumee River
Land use - agricultural to urban gradient
Identified as a heavily polluted tributary to the Great Lakes
Thomas et al 2017
Maumee River
Toledobladecom
Study Objective
How do differing aquatic inputs across a gradient of land use
impact the physiological organismal and population level of the Fathead Minnow and Sunfish Upstream (Agricultural) Downstream (Urban)
Toledobladecom
Upstream Sampling Sites
Downstream Sampling Sites
Maumee bull 21 day FHM exposure -
static daily water renewal
bull Resident sunfish collection and caged sunfish deployment (14 day)
Male Fathead Minnow Condition FactorMean BCF vs Treatment (Fathead Minnow)
Treatment
BLK GRM BCR FMP PBG USC SCR TWP MIX000
001
002
003
004
005
006Mean
2017
Upstream Downstream
Statistically different means indicated by differing letters
A
BBB
ABAB
ABABAB
Discussion
Varied water chemistry depicts a system with multiple inputs from both known (effluent) and unknown (runoff) sources
Alterations to FHM fecundity and body condition factor represent a complex river system with varying inputs
Sunfish indices (glucose HSI GSI) detail the importance of entire life-cycle exposure due to strong upstream to downstream trends (glucose) and individual site effects (HSI GSI)
Impacts
Potential improper re-direction of energy stores at a critical energy-intensive period of reproduction
Alterations to reproduction and reproductive indices could lead to population dynamic changes
Most pronounced effects observed on resident sunfish those which were exposed their entire life
Acknowledgements
Thanks to our collaboratorsSt Cloud State University ndash
Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory
Estrone and Temperature Interactions Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationships in Freshwater Fish
Estrone and Temperature Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationship in Freshwater Fish
Introduction
Hypothesis
Exposure Systems
Predator Avoidance response
Calcein Staining
Slide Number 8
Slide Number 9
Slide Number 10
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
Results Recap
Discussion
Significance
Acknowledgements
Questions
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastwateer Land Application Sites
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastewater Land Application Sites
Some Definitions
Problem amp Significance
Problem amp Significance
Objectives
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in shallow groundwater near 7 LSTSRIB facilities
Objective (a) - Methods
Facility Locations
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
Comparison to MN Ambient Groundwater
PrioritizationScreening Assessment
Prioritization Assessment - Surface Water
Screening Assessment ndash Human Health
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b) - Methods
Agricultural Field Results
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary
Acknowledgements
Questions
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
Outline
PFAS ndash General overview
What is an emerging contaminant
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Federal and State EC Programs
What are PFAS
UsesSources
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
The Impetus for Change
Slide Number 14
Slide Number 15
Slide Number 16
Slide Number 17
Slide Number 18
Slide Number 19
Slide Number 20
Slide Number 21
Slide Number 22
Slide Number 23
Slide Number 24
Slide Number 25
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnows (pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Maumee River
Maumee River
Study Objective
Slide Number 5
Slide Number 6
Slide Number 7
Slide Number 8
Water Chemistry
Water Chemistry
Fathead Minnow Fecundity
Larval Fathead Minnow
Sunfish Blood Glucose
Slide Number 14
Resident Sunfish Gonadosomatic Index
Slide Number 16
Male Fathead Minnow Condition Factor
Discussion
Impacts
Acknowledgements
Maumee River
Toledobladecom
Study Objective
How do differing aquatic inputs across a gradient of land use
impact the physiological organismal and population level of the Fathead Minnow and Sunfish Upstream (Agricultural) Downstream (Urban)
Toledobladecom
Upstream Sampling Sites
Downstream Sampling Sites
Maumee bull 21 day FHM exposure -
static daily water renewal
bull Resident sunfish collection and caged sunfish deployment (14 day)
Male Fathead Minnow Condition FactorMean BCF vs Treatment (Fathead Minnow)
Treatment
BLK GRM BCR FMP PBG USC SCR TWP MIX000
001
002
003
004
005
006Mean
2017
Upstream Downstream
Statistically different means indicated by differing letters
A
BBB
ABAB
ABABAB
Discussion
Varied water chemistry depicts a system with multiple inputs from both known (effluent) and unknown (runoff) sources
Alterations to FHM fecundity and body condition factor represent a complex river system with varying inputs
Sunfish indices (glucose HSI GSI) detail the importance of entire life-cycle exposure due to strong upstream to downstream trends (glucose) and individual site effects (HSI GSI)
Impacts
Potential improper re-direction of energy stores at a critical energy-intensive period of reproduction
Alterations to reproduction and reproductive indices could lead to population dynamic changes
Most pronounced effects observed on resident sunfish those which were exposed their entire life
Acknowledgements
Thanks to our collaboratorsSt Cloud State University ndash
Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory
Estrone and Temperature Interactions Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationships in Freshwater Fish
Estrone and Temperature Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationship in Freshwater Fish
Introduction
Hypothesis
Exposure Systems
Predator Avoidance response
Calcein Staining
Slide Number 8
Slide Number 9
Slide Number 10
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
Results Recap
Discussion
Significance
Acknowledgements
Questions
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastwateer Land Application Sites
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastewater Land Application Sites
Some Definitions
Problem amp Significance
Problem amp Significance
Objectives
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in shallow groundwater near 7 LSTSRIB facilities
Objective (a) - Methods
Facility Locations
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
Comparison to MN Ambient Groundwater
PrioritizationScreening Assessment
Prioritization Assessment - Surface Water
Screening Assessment ndash Human Health
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b) - Methods
Agricultural Field Results
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary
Acknowledgements
Questions
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
Outline
PFAS ndash General overview
What is an emerging contaminant
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Federal and State EC Programs
What are PFAS
UsesSources
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
The Impetus for Change
Slide Number 14
Slide Number 15
Slide Number 16
Slide Number 17
Slide Number 18
Slide Number 19
Slide Number 20
Slide Number 21
Slide Number 22
Slide Number 23
Slide Number 24
Slide Number 25
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnows (pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Maumee River
Maumee River
Study Objective
Slide Number 5
Slide Number 6
Slide Number 7
Slide Number 8
Water Chemistry
Water Chemistry
Fathead Minnow Fecundity
Larval Fathead Minnow
Sunfish Blood Glucose
Slide Number 14
Resident Sunfish Gonadosomatic Index
Slide Number 16
Male Fathead Minnow Condition Factor
Discussion
Impacts
Acknowledgements
Study Objective
How do differing aquatic inputs across a gradient of land use
impact the physiological organismal and population level of the Fathead Minnow and Sunfish Upstream (Agricultural) Downstream (Urban)
Toledobladecom
Upstream Sampling Sites
Downstream Sampling Sites
Maumee bull 21 day FHM exposure -
static daily water renewal
bull Resident sunfish collection and caged sunfish deployment (14 day)
Male Fathead Minnow Condition FactorMean BCF vs Treatment (Fathead Minnow)
Treatment
BLK GRM BCR FMP PBG USC SCR TWP MIX000
001
002
003
004
005
006Mean
2017
Upstream Downstream
Statistically different means indicated by differing letters
A
BBB
ABAB
ABABAB
Discussion
Varied water chemistry depicts a system with multiple inputs from both known (effluent) and unknown (runoff) sources
Alterations to FHM fecundity and body condition factor represent a complex river system with varying inputs
Sunfish indices (glucose HSI GSI) detail the importance of entire life-cycle exposure due to strong upstream to downstream trends (glucose) and individual site effects (HSI GSI)
Impacts
Potential improper re-direction of energy stores at a critical energy-intensive period of reproduction
Alterations to reproduction and reproductive indices could lead to population dynamic changes
Most pronounced effects observed on resident sunfish those which were exposed their entire life
Acknowledgements
Thanks to our collaboratorsSt Cloud State University ndash
Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory
Estrone and Temperature Interactions Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationships in Freshwater Fish
Estrone and Temperature Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationship in Freshwater Fish
Introduction
Hypothesis
Exposure Systems
Predator Avoidance response
Calcein Staining
Slide Number 8
Slide Number 9
Slide Number 10
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
Results Recap
Discussion
Significance
Acknowledgements
Questions
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastwateer Land Application Sites
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastewater Land Application Sites
Some Definitions
Problem amp Significance
Problem amp Significance
Objectives
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in shallow groundwater near 7 LSTSRIB facilities
Objective (a) - Methods
Facility Locations
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
Comparison to MN Ambient Groundwater
PrioritizationScreening Assessment
Prioritization Assessment - Surface Water
Screening Assessment ndash Human Health
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b) - Methods
Agricultural Field Results
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary
Acknowledgements
Questions
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
Outline
PFAS ndash General overview
What is an emerging contaminant
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Federal and State EC Programs
What are PFAS
UsesSources
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
The Impetus for Change
Slide Number 14
Slide Number 15
Slide Number 16
Slide Number 17
Slide Number 18
Slide Number 19
Slide Number 20
Slide Number 21
Slide Number 22
Slide Number 23
Slide Number 24
Slide Number 25
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnows (pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Maumee River
Maumee River
Study Objective
Slide Number 5
Slide Number 6
Slide Number 7
Slide Number 8
Water Chemistry
Water Chemistry
Fathead Minnow Fecundity
Larval Fathead Minnow
Sunfish Blood Glucose
Slide Number 14
Resident Sunfish Gonadosomatic Index
Slide Number 16
Male Fathead Minnow Condition Factor
Discussion
Impacts
Acknowledgements
Upstream Sampling Sites
Downstream Sampling Sites
Maumee bull 21 day FHM exposure -
static daily water renewal
bull Resident sunfish collection and caged sunfish deployment (14 day)
Male Fathead Minnow Condition FactorMean BCF vs Treatment (Fathead Minnow)
Treatment
BLK GRM BCR FMP PBG USC SCR TWP MIX000
001
002
003
004
005
006Mean
2017
Upstream Downstream
Statistically different means indicated by differing letters
A
BBB
ABAB
ABABAB
Discussion
Varied water chemistry depicts a system with multiple inputs from both known (effluent) and unknown (runoff) sources
Alterations to FHM fecundity and body condition factor represent a complex river system with varying inputs
Sunfish indices (glucose HSI GSI) detail the importance of entire life-cycle exposure due to strong upstream to downstream trends (glucose) and individual site effects (HSI GSI)
Impacts
Potential improper re-direction of energy stores at a critical energy-intensive period of reproduction
Alterations to reproduction and reproductive indices could lead to population dynamic changes
Most pronounced effects observed on resident sunfish those which were exposed their entire life
Acknowledgements
Thanks to our collaboratorsSt Cloud State University ndash
Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory
Estrone and Temperature Interactions Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationships in Freshwater Fish
Estrone and Temperature Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationship in Freshwater Fish
Introduction
Hypothesis
Exposure Systems
Predator Avoidance response
Calcein Staining
Slide Number 8
Slide Number 9
Slide Number 10
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
Results Recap
Discussion
Significance
Acknowledgements
Questions
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastwateer Land Application Sites
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastewater Land Application Sites
Some Definitions
Problem amp Significance
Problem amp Significance
Objectives
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in shallow groundwater near 7 LSTSRIB facilities
Objective (a) - Methods
Facility Locations
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
Comparison to MN Ambient Groundwater
PrioritizationScreening Assessment
Prioritization Assessment - Surface Water
Screening Assessment ndash Human Health
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b) - Methods
Agricultural Field Results
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary
Acknowledgements
Questions
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
Outline
PFAS ndash General overview
What is an emerging contaminant
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Federal and State EC Programs
What are PFAS
UsesSources
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
The Impetus for Change
Slide Number 14
Slide Number 15
Slide Number 16
Slide Number 17
Slide Number 18
Slide Number 19
Slide Number 20
Slide Number 21
Slide Number 22
Slide Number 23
Slide Number 24
Slide Number 25
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnows (pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Maumee River
Maumee River
Study Objective
Slide Number 5
Slide Number 6
Slide Number 7
Slide Number 8
Water Chemistry
Water Chemistry
Fathead Minnow Fecundity
Larval Fathead Minnow
Sunfish Blood Glucose
Slide Number 14
Resident Sunfish Gonadosomatic Index
Slide Number 16
Male Fathead Minnow Condition Factor
Discussion
Impacts
Acknowledgements
Downstream Sampling Sites
Maumee bull 21 day FHM exposure -
static daily water renewal
bull Resident sunfish collection and caged sunfish deployment (14 day)
Male Fathead Minnow Condition FactorMean BCF vs Treatment (Fathead Minnow)
Treatment
BLK GRM BCR FMP PBG USC SCR TWP MIX000
001
002
003
004
005
006Mean
2017
Upstream Downstream
Statistically different means indicated by differing letters
A
BBB
ABAB
ABABAB
Discussion
Varied water chemistry depicts a system with multiple inputs from both known (effluent) and unknown (runoff) sources
Alterations to FHM fecundity and body condition factor represent a complex river system with varying inputs
Sunfish indices (glucose HSI GSI) detail the importance of entire life-cycle exposure due to strong upstream to downstream trends (glucose) and individual site effects (HSI GSI)
Impacts
Potential improper re-direction of energy stores at a critical energy-intensive period of reproduction
Alterations to reproduction and reproductive indices could lead to population dynamic changes
Most pronounced effects observed on resident sunfish those which were exposed their entire life
Acknowledgements
Thanks to our collaboratorsSt Cloud State University ndash
Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory
Estrone and Temperature Interactions Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationships in Freshwater Fish
Estrone and Temperature Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationship in Freshwater Fish
Introduction
Hypothesis
Exposure Systems
Predator Avoidance response
Calcein Staining
Slide Number 8
Slide Number 9
Slide Number 10
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
Results Recap
Discussion
Significance
Acknowledgements
Questions
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastwateer Land Application Sites
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastewater Land Application Sites
Some Definitions
Problem amp Significance
Problem amp Significance
Objectives
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in shallow groundwater near 7 LSTSRIB facilities
Objective (a) - Methods
Facility Locations
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
Comparison to MN Ambient Groundwater
PrioritizationScreening Assessment
Prioritization Assessment - Surface Water
Screening Assessment ndash Human Health
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b) - Methods
Agricultural Field Results
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary
Acknowledgements
Questions
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
Outline
PFAS ndash General overview
What is an emerging contaminant
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Federal and State EC Programs
What are PFAS
UsesSources
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
The Impetus for Change
Slide Number 14
Slide Number 15
Slide Number 16
Slide Number 17
Slide Number 18
Slide Number 19
Slide Number 20
Slide Number 21
Slide Number 22
Slide Number 23
Slide Number 24
Slide Number 25
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnows (pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Maumee River
Maumee River
Study Objective
Slide Number 5
Slide Number 6
Slide Number 7
Slide Number 8
Water Chemistry
Water Chemistry
Fathead Minnow Fecundity
Larval Fathead Minnow
Sunfish Blood Glucose
Slide Number 14
Resident Sunfish Gonadosomatic Index
Slide Number 16
Male Fathead Minnow Condition Factor
Discussion
Impacts
Acknowledgements
Maumee bull 21 day FHM exposure -
static daily water renewal
bull Resident sunfish collection and caged sunfish deployment (14 day)
Male Fathead Minnow Condition FactorMean BCF vs Treatment (Fathead Minnow)
Treatment
BLK GRM BCR FMP PBG USC SCR TWP MIX000
001
002
003
004
005
006Mean
2017
Upstream Downstream
Statistically different means indicated by differing letters
A
BBB
ABAB
ABABAB
Discussion
Varied water chemistry depicts a system with multiple inputs from both known (effluent) and unknown (runoff) sources
Alterations to FHM fecundity and body condition factor represent a complex river system with varying inputs
Sunfish indices (glucose HSI GSI) detail the importance of entire life-cycle exposure due to strong upstream to downstream trends (glucose) and individual site effects (HSI GSI)
Impacts
Potential improper re-direction of energy stores at a critical energy-intensive period of reproduction
Alterations to reproduction and reproductive indices could lead to population dynamic changes
Most pronounced effects observed on resident sunfish those which were exposed their entire life
Acknowledgements
Thanks to our collaboratorsSt Cloud State University ndash
Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory
Estrone and Temperature Interactions Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationships in Freshwater Fish
Estrone and Temperature Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationship in Freshwater Fish
Introduction
Hypothesis
Exposure Systems
Predator Avoidance response
Calcein Staining
Slide Number 8
Slide Number 9
Slide Number 10
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
Results Recap
Discussion
Significance
Acknowledgements
Questions
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastwateer Land Application Sites
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastewater Land Application Sites
Some Definitions
Problem amp Significance
Problem amp Significance
Objectives
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in shallow groundwater near 7 LSTSRIB facilities
Objective (a) - Methods
Facility Locations
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
Comparison to MN Ambient Groundwater
PrioritizationScreening Assessment
Prioritization Assessment - Surface Water
Screening Assessment ndash Human Health
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b) - Methods
Agricultural Field Results
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary
Acknowledgements
Questions
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
Outline
PFAS ndash General overview
What is an emerging contaminant
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Federal and State EC Programs
What are PFAS
UsesSources
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
The Impetus for Change
Slide Number 14
Slide Number 15
Slide Number 16
Slide Number 17
Slide Number 18
Slide Number 19
Slide Number 20
Slide Number 21
Slide Number 22
Slide Number 23
Slide Number 24
Slide Number 25
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnows (pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Male Fathead Minnow Condition FactorMean BCF vs Treatment (Fathead Minnow)
Treatment
BLK GRM BCR FMP PBG USC SCR TWP MIX000
001
002
003
004
005
006Mean
2017
Upstream Downstream
Statistically different means indicated by differing letters
A
BBB
ABAB
ABABAB
Discussion
Varied water chemistry depicts a system with multiple inputs from both known (effluent) and unknown (runoff) sources
Alterations to FHM fecundity and body condition factor represent a complex river system with varying inputs
Sunfish indices (glucose HSI GSI) detail the importance of entire life-cycle exposure due to strong upstream to downstream trends (glucose) and individual site effects (HSI GSI)
Impacts
Potential improper re-direction of energy stores at a critical energy-intensive period of reproduction
Alterations to reproduction and reproductive indices could lead to population dynamic changes
Most pronounced effects observed on resident sunfish those which were exposed their entire life
Acknowledgements
Thanks to our collaboratorsSt Cloud State University ndash
Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory
Estrone and Temperature Interactions Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationships in Freshwater Fish
Estrone and Temperature Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationship in Freshwater Fish
Introduction
Hypothesis
Exposure Systems
Predator Avoidance response
Calcein Staining
Slide Number 8
Slide Number 9
Slide Number 10
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
Results Recap
Discussion
Significance
Acknowledgements
Questions
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastwateer Land Application Sites
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastewater Land Application Sites
Some Definitions
Problem amp Significance
Problem amp Significance
Objectives
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in shallow groundwater near 7 LSTSRIB facilities
Objective (a) - Methods
Facility Locations
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
Comparison to MN Ambient Groundwater
PrioritizationScreening Assessment
Prioritization Assessment - Surface Water
Screening Assessment ndash Human Health
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b) - Methods
Agricultural Field Results
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary
Acknowledgements
Questions
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
Outline
PFAS ndash General overview
What is an emerging contaminant
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Federal and State EC Programs
What are PFAS
UsesSources
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
The Impetus for Change
Slide Number 14
Slide Number 15
Slide Number 16
Slide Number 17
Slide Number 18
Slide Number 19
Slide Number 20
Slide Number 21
Slide Number 22
Slide Number 23
Slide Number 24
Slide Number 25
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnows (pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Maumee River
Maumee River
Study Objective
Slide Number 5
Slide Number 6
Slide Number 7
Slide Number 8
Water Chemistry
Water Chemistry
Fathead Minnow Fecundity
Larval Fathead Minnow
Sunfish Blood Glucose
Slide Number 14
Resident Sunfish Gonadosomatic Index
Slide Number 16
Male Fathead Minnow Condition Factor
Discussion
Impacts
Acknowledgements
Water Chemistry
Sites ranked by mean concentration for each detected chemical (1 lowest concentration to 9 highest concentration)
Male Fathead Minnow Condition FactorMean BCF vs Treatment (Fathead Minnow)
Treatment
BLK GRM BCR FMP PBG USC SCR TWP MIX000
001
002
003
004
005
006Mean
2017
Upstream Downstream
Statistically different means indicated by differing letters
A
BBB
ABAB
ABABAB
Discussion
Varied water chemistry depicts a system with multiple inputs from both known (effluent) and unknown (runoff) sources
Alterations to FHM fecundity and body condition factor represent a complex river system with varying inputs
Sunfish indices (glucose HSI GSI) detail the importance of entire life-cycle exposure due to strong upstream to downstream trends (glucose) and individual site effects (HSI GSI)
Impacts
Potential improper re-direction of energy stores at a critical energy-intensive period of reproduction
Alterations to reproduction and reproductive indices could lead to population dynamic changes
Most pronounced effects observed on resident sunfish those which were exposed their entire life
Acknowledgements
Thanks to our collaboratorsSt Cloud State University ndash
Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory
Estrone and Temperature Interactions Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationships in Freshwater Fish
Estrone and Temperature Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationship in Freshwater Fish
Introduction
Hypothesis
Exposure Systems
Predator Avoidance response
Calcein Staining
Slide Number 8
Slide Number 9
Slide Number 10
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
Results Recap
Discussion
Significance
Acknowledgements
Questions
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastwateer Land Application Sites
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastewater Land Application Sites
Some Definitions
Problem amp Significance
Problem amp Significance
Objectives
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in shallow groundwater near 7 LSTSRIB facilities
Objective (a) - Methods
Facility Locations
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
Comparison to MN Ambient Groundwater
PrioritizationScreening Assessment
Prioritization Assessment - Surface Water
Screening Assessment ndash Human Health
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b) - Methods
Agricultural Field Results
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary
Acknowledgements
Questions
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
Outline
PFAS ndash General overview
What is an emerging contaminant
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Federal and State EC Programs
What are PFAS
UsesSources
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
The Impetus for Change
Slide Number 14
Slide Number 15
Slide Number 16
Slide Number 17
Slide Number 18
Slide Number 19
Slide Number 20
Slide Number 21
Slide Number 22
Slide Number 23
Slide Number 24
Slide Number 25
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnows (pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Male Fathead Minnow Condition FactorMean BCF vs Treatment (Fathead Minnow)
Treatment
BLK GRM BCR FMP PBG USC SCR TWP MIX000
001
002
003
004
005
006Mean
2017
Upstream Downstream
Statistically different means indicated by differing letters
A
BBB
ABAB
ABABAB
Discussion
Varied water chemistry depicts a system with multiple inputs from both known (effluent) and unknown (runoff) sources
Alterations to FHM fecundity and body condition factor represent a complex river system with varying inputs
Sunfish indices (glucose HSI GSI) detail the importance of entire life-cycle exposure due to strong upstream to downstream trends (glucose) and individual site effects (HSI GSI)
Impacts
Potential improper re-direction of energy stores at a critical energy-intensive period of reproduction
Alterations to reproduction and reproductive indices could lead to population dynamic changes
Most pronounced effects observed on resident sunfish those which were exposed their entire life
Acknowledgements
Thanks to our collaboratorsSt Cloud State University ndash
Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory
Estrone and Temperature Interactions Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationships in Freshwater Fish
Estrone and Temperature Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationship in Freshwater Fish
Introduction
Hypothesis
Exposure Systems
Predator Avoidance response
Calcein Staining
Slide Number 8
Slide Number 9
Slide Number 10
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
Results Recap
Discussion
Significance
Acknowledgements
Questions
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastwateer Land Application Sites
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastewater Land Application Sites
Some Definitions
Problem amp Significance
Problem amp Significance
Objectives
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in shallow groundwater near 7 LSTSRIB facilities
Objective (a) - Methods
Facility Locations
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
Comparison to MN Ambient Groundwater
PrioritizationScreening Assessment
Prioritization Assessment - Surface Water
Screening Assessment ndash Human Health
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b) - Methods
Agricultural Field Results
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary
Acknowledgements
Questions
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
Outline
PFAS ndash General overview
What is an emerging contaminant
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Federal and State EC Programs
What are PFAS
UsesSources
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
The Impetus for Change
Slide Number 14
Slide Number 15
Slide Number 16
Slide Number 17
Slide Number 18
Slide Number 19
Slide Number 20
Slide Number 21
Slide Number 22
Slide Number 23
Slide Number 24
Slide Number 25
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnows (pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Male Fathead Minnow Condition FactorMean BCF vs Treatment (Fathead Minnow)
Treatment
BLK GRM BCR FMP PBG USC SCR TWP MIX000
001
002
003
004
005
006Mean
2017
Upstream Downstream
Statistically different means indicated by differing letters
A
BBB
ABAB
ABABAB
Discussion
Varied water chemistry depicts a system with multiple inputs from both known (effluent) and unknown (runoff) sources
Alterations to FHM fecundity and body condition factor represent a complex river system with varying inputs
Sunfish indices (glucose HSI GSI) detail the importance of entire life-cycle exposure due to strong upstream to downstream trends (glucose) and individual site effects (HSI GSI)
Impacts
Potential improper re-direction of energy stores at a critical energy-intensive period of reproduction
Alterations to reproduction and reproductive indices could lead to population dynamic changes
Most pronounced effects observed on resident sunfish those which were exposed their entire life
Acknowledgements
Thanks to our collaboratorsSt Cloud State University ndash
Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory
Estrone and Temperature Interactions Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationships in Freshwater Fish
Estrone and Temperature Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationship in Freshwater Fish
Introduction
Hypothesis
Exposure Systems
Predator Avoidance response
Calcein Staining
Slide Number 8
Slide Number 9
Slide Number 10
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
Results Recap
Discussion
Significance
Acknowledgements
Questions
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastwateer Land Application Sites
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastewater Land Application Sites
Some Definitions
Problem amp Significance
Problem amp Significance
Objectives
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in shallow groundwater near 7 LSTSRIB facilities
Objective (a) - Methods
Facility Locations
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
Comparison to MN Ambient Groundwater
PrioritizationScreening Assessment
Prioritization Assessment - Surface Water
Screening Assessment ndash Human Health
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b) - Methods
Agricultural Field Results
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary
Acknowledgements
Questions
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
Outline
PFAS ndash General overview
What is an emerging contaminant
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Federal and State EC Programs
What are PFAS
UsesSources
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
The Impetus for Change
Slide Number 14
Slide Number 15
Slide Number 16
Slide Number 17
Slide Number 18
Slide Number 19
Slide Number 20
Slide Number 21
Slide Number 22
Slide Number 23
Slide Number 24
Slide Number 25
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnows (pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Male Fathead Minnow Condition FactorMean BCF vs Treatment (Fathead Minnow)
Treatment
BLK GRM BCR FMP PBG USC SCR TWP MIX000
001
002
003
004
005
006Mean
2017
Upstream Downstream
Statistically different means indicated by differing letters
A
BBB
ABAB
ABABAB
Discussion
Varied water chemistry depicts a system with multiple inputs from both known (effluent) and unknown (runoff) sources
Alterations to FHM fecundity and body condition factor represent a complex river system with varying inputs
Sunfish indices (glucose HSI GSI) detail the importance of entire life-cycle exposure due to strong upstream to downstream trends (glucose) and individual site effects (HSI GSI)
Impacts
Potential improper re-direction of energy stores at a critical energy-intensive period of reproduction
Alterations to reproduction and reproductive indices could lead to population dynamic changes
Most pronounced effects observed on resident sunfish those which were exposed their entire life
Acknowledgements
Thanks to our collaboratorsSt Cloud State University ndash
Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory
Estrone and Temperature Interactions Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationships in Freshwater Fish
Estrone and Temperature Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationship in Freshwater Fish
Introduction
Hypothesis
Exposure Systems
Predator Avoidance response
Calcein Staining
Slide Number 8
Slide Number 9
Slide Number 10
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
Results Recap
Discussion
Significance
Acknowledgements
Questions
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastwateer Land Application Sites
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastewater Land Application Sites
Some Definitions
Problem amp Significance
Problem amp Significance
Objectives
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in shallow groundwater near 7 LSTSRIB facilities
Objective (a) - Methods
Facility Locations
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
Comparison to MN Ambient Groundwater
PrioritizationScreening Assessment
Prioritization Assessment - Surface Water
Screening Assessment ndash Human Health
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b) - Methods
Agricultural Field Results
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary
Acknowledgements
Questions
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
Outline
PFAS ndash General overview
What is an emerging contaminant
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Federal and State EC Programs
What are PFAS
UsesSources
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
The Impetus for Change
Slide Number 14
Slide Number 15
Slide Number 16
Slide Number 17
Slide Number 18
Slide Number 19
Slide Number 20
Slide Number 21
Slide Number 22
Slide Number 23
Slide Number 24
Slide Number 25
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnows (pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Maumee River
Maumee River
Study Objective
Slide Number 5
Slide Number 6
Slide Number 7
Slide Number 8
Water Chemistry
Water Chemistry
Fathead Minnow Fecundity
Larval Fathead Minnow
Sunfish Blood Glucose
Slide Number 14
Resident Sunfish Gonadosomatic Index
Slide Number 16
Male Fathead Minnow Condition Factor
Discussion
Impacts
Acknowledgements
Sunfish Blood Glucose
Mean Glucose vs Treatment (Caged Sunfish)
Treatment
GRM BCR FMP PBG USC SCR TWP BLN0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Mean
Caged Sunfish Resident Sunfish
Statistically different means indicated by differing letters
Male Fathead Minnow Condition FactorMean BCF vs Treatment (Fathead Minnow)
Treatment
BLK GRM BCR FMP PBG USC SCR TWP MIX000
001
002
003
004
005
006Mean
2017
Upstream Downstream
Statistically different means indicated by differing letters
A
BBB
ABAB
ABABAB
Discussion
Varied water chemistry depicts a system with multiple inputs from both known (effluent) and unknown (runoff) sources
Alterations to FHM fecundity and body condition factor represent a complex river system with varying inputs
Sunfish indices (glucose HSI GSI) detail the importance of entire life-cycle exposure due to strong upstream to downstream trends (glucose) and individual site effects (HSI GSI)
Impacts
Potential improper re-direction of energy stores at a critical energy-intensive period of reproduction
Alterations to reproduction and reproductive indices could lead to population dynamic changes
Most pronounced effects observed on resident sunfish those which were exposed their entire life
Acknowledgements
Thanks to our collaboratorsSt Cloud State University ndash
Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory
Estrone and Temperature Interactions Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationships in Freshwater Fish
Estrone and Temperature Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationship in Freshwater Fish
Introduction
Hypothesis
Exposure Systems
Predator Avoidance response
Calcein Staining
Slide Number 8
Slide Number 9
Slide Number 10
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
Results Recap
Discussion
Significance
Acknowledgements
Questions
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastwateer Land Application Sites
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastewater Land Application Sites
Some Definitions
Problem amp Significance
Problem amp Significance
Objectives
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in shallow groundwater near 7 LSTSRIB facilities
Objective (a) - Methods
Facility Locations
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
Comparison to MN Ambient Groundwater
PrioritizationScreening Assessment
Prioritization Assessment - Surface Water
Screening Assessment ndash Human Health
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b) - Methods
Agricultural Field Results
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary
Acknowledgements
Questions
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
Outline
PFAS ndash General overview
What is an emerging contaminant
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Federal and State EC Programs
What are PFAS
UsesSources
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
The Impetus for Change
Slide Number 14
Slide Number 15
Slide Number 16
Slide Number 17
Slide Number 18
Slide Number 19
Slide Number 20
Slide Number 21
Slide Number 22
Slide Number 23
Slide Number 24
Slide Number 25
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnows (pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Male Fathead Minnow Condition FactorMean BCF vs Treatment (Fathead Minnow)
Treatment
BLK GRM BCR FMP PBG USC SCR TWP MIX000
001
002
003
004
005
006Mean
2017
Upstream Downstream
Statistically different means indicated by differing letters
A
BBB
ABAB
ABABAB
Discussion
Varied water chemistry depicts a system with multiple inputs from both known (effluent) and unknown (runoff) sources
Alterations to FHM fecundity and body condition factor represent a complex river system with varying inputs
Sunfish indices (glucose HSI GSI) detail the importance of entire life-cycle exposure due to strong upstream to downstream trends (glucose) and individual site effects (HSI GSI)
Impacts
Potential improper re-direction of energy stores at a critical energy-intensive period of reproduction
Alterations to reproduction and reproductive indices could lead to population dynamic changes
Most pronounced effects observed on resident sunfish those which were exposed their entire life
Acknowledgements
Thanks to our collaboratorsSt Cloud State University ndash
Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory
Estrone and Temperature Interactions Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationships in Freshwater Fish
Estrone and Temperature Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationship in Freshwater Fish
Introduction
Hypothesis
Exposure Systems
Predator Avoidance response
Calcein Staining
Slide Number 8
Slide Number 9
Slide Number 10
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
Results Recap
Discussion
Significance
Acknowledgements
Questions
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastwateer Land Application Sites
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastewater Land Application Sites
Some Definitions
Problem amp Significance
Problem amp Significance
Objectives
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in shallow groundwater near 7 LSTSRIB facilities
Objective (a) - Methods
Facility Locations
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
Comparison to MN Ambient Groundwater
PrioritizationScreening Assessment
Prioritization Assessment - Surface Water
Screening Assessment ndash Human Health
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b) - Methods
Agricultural Field Results
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary
Acknowledgements
Questions
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
Outline
PFAS ndash General overview
What is an emerging contaminant
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Federal and State EC Programs
What are PFAS
UsesSources
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
The Impetus for Change
Slide Number 14
Slide Number 15
Slide Number 16
Slide Number 17
Slide Number 18
Slide Number 19
Slide Number 20
Slide Number 21
Slide Number 22
Slide Number 23
Slide Number 24
Slide Number 25
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnows (pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Maumee River
Maumee River
Study Objective
Slide Number 5
Slide Number 6
Slide Number 7
Slide Number 8
Water Chemistry
Water Chemistry
Fathead Minnow Fecundity
Larval Fathead Minnow
Sunfish Blood Glucose
Slide Number 14
Resident Sunfish Gonadosomatic Index
Slide Number 16
Male Fathead Minnow Condition Factor
Discussion
Impacts
Acknowledgements
Resident Sunfish Gonadosomatic Index2016
Mean GSI vs Treatment (Resident Sunfish)
Treatment
GRM BCR FMP PBG USC SCR TWP0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Mean
Upstream Downstream
Statistically different means indicated by differing letters
Male Fathead Minnow Condition FactorMean BCF vs Treatment (Fathead Minnow)
Treatment
BLK GRM BCR FMP PBG USC SCR TWP MIX000
001
002
003
004
005
006Mean
2017
Upstream Downstream
Statistically different means indicated by differing letters
A
BBB
ABAB
ABABAB
Discussion
Varied water chemistry depicts a system with multiple inputs from both known (effluent) and unknown (runoff) sources
Alterations to FHM fecundity and body condition factor represent a complex river system with varying inputs
Sunfish indices (glucose HSI GSI) detail the importance of entire life-cycle exposure due to strong upstream to downstream trends (glucose) and individual site effects (HSI GSI)
Impacts
Potential improper re-direction of energy stores at a critical energy-intensive period of reproduction
Alterations to reproduction and reproductive indices could lead to population dynamic changes
Most pronounced effects observed on resident sunfish those which were exposed their entire life
Acknowledgements
Thanks to our collaboratorsSt Cloud State University ndash
Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory
Estrone and Temperature Interactions Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationships in Freshwater Fish
Estrone and Temperature Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationship in Freshwater Fish
Introduction
Hypothesis
Exposure Systems
Predator Avoidance response
Calcein Staining
Slide Number 8
Slide Number 9
Slide Number 10
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
Results Recap
Discussion
Significance
Acknowledgements
Questions
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastwateer Land Application Sites
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastewater Land Application Sites
Some Definitions
Problem amp Significance
Problem amp Significance
Objectives
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in shallow groundwater near 7 LSTSRIB facilities
Objective (a) - Methods
Facility Locations
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
Comparison to MN Ambient Groundwater
PrioritizationScreening Assessment
Prioritization Assessment - Surface Water
Screening Assessment ndash Human Health
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b) - Methods
Agricultural Field Results
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary
Acknowledgements
Questions
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
Outline
PFAS ndash General overview
What is an emerging contaminant
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Federal and State EC Programs
What are PFAS
UsesSources
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
The Impetus for Change
Slide Number 14
Slide Number 15
Slide Number 16
Slide Number 17
Slide Number 18
Slide Number 19
Slide Number 20
Slide Number 21
Slide Number 22
Slide Number 23
Slide Number 24
Slide Number 25
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnows (pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Male Fathead Minnow Condition FactorMean BCF vs Treatment (Fathead Minnow)
Treatment
BLK GRM BCR FMP PBG USC SCR TWP MIX000
001
002
003
004
005
006Mean
2017
Upstream Downstream
Statistically different means indicated by differing letters
A
BBB
ABAB
ABABAB
Discussion
Varied water chemistry depicts a system with multiple inputs from both known (effluent) and unknown (runoff) sources
Alterations to FHM fecundity and body condition factor represent a complex river system with varying inputs
Sunfish indices (glucose HSI GSI) detail the importance of entire life-cycle exposure due to strong upstream to downstream trends (glucose) and individual site effects (HSI GSI)
Impacts
Potential improper re-direction of energy stores at a critical energy-intensive period of reproduction
Alterations to reproduction and reproductive indices could lead to population dynamic changes
Most pronounced effects observed on resident sunfish those which were exposed their entire life
Acknowledgements
Thanks to our collaboratorsSt Cloud State University ndash
Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory
Estrone and Temperature Interactions Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationships in Freshwater Fish
Estrone and Temperature Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationship in Freshwater Fish
Introduction
Hypothesis
Exposure Systems
Predator Avoidance response
Calcein Staining
Slide Number 8
Slide Number 9
Slide Number 10
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
Results Recap
Discussion
Significance
Acknowledgements
Questions
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastwateer Land Application Sites
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastewater Land Application Sites
Some Definitions
Problem amp Significance
Problem amp Significance
Objectives
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in shallow groundwater near 7 LSTSRIB facilities
Objective (a) - Methods
Facility Locations
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
Comparison to MN Ambient Groundwater
PrioritizationScreening Assessment
Prioritization Assessment - Surface Water
Screening Assessment ndash Human Health
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b) - Methods
Agricultural Field Results
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary
Acknowledgements
Questions
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
Outline
PFAS ndash General overview
What is an emerging contaminant
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Federal and State EC Programs
What are PFAS
UsesSources
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
The Impetus for Change
Slide Number 14
Slide Number 15
Slide Number 16
Slide Number 17
Slide Number 18
Slide Number 19
Slide Number 20
Slide Number 21
Slide Number 22
Slide Number 23
Slide Number 24
Slide Number 25
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnows (pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Maumee River
Maumee River
Study Objective
Slide Number 5
Slide Number 6
Slide Number 7
Slide Number 8
Water Chemistry
Water Chemistry
Fathead Minnow Fecundity
Larval Fathead Minnow
Sunfish Blood Glucose
Slide Number 14
Resident Sunfish Gonadosomatic Index
Slide Number 16
Male Fathead Minnow Condition Factor
Discussion
Impacts
Acknowledgements
Male Fathead Minnow Condition FactorMean BCF vs Treatment (Fathead Minnow)
Treatment
BLK GRM BCR FMP PBG USC SCR TWP MIX000
001
002
003
004
005
006Mean
2017
Upstream Downstream
Statistically different means indicated by differing letters
A
BBB
ABAB
ABABAB
Discussion
Varied water chemistry depicts a system with multiple inputs from both known (effluent) and unknown (runoff) sources
Alterations to FHM fecundity and body condition factor represent a complex river system with varying inputs
Sunfish indices (glucose HSI GSI) detail the importance of entire life-cycle exposure due to strong upstream to downstream trends (glucose) and individual site effects (HSI GSI)
Impacts
Potential improper re-direction of energy stores at a critical energy-intensive period of reproduction
Alterations to reproduction and reproductive indices could lead to population dynamic changes
Most pronounced effects observed on resident sunfish those which were exposed their entire life
Acknowledgements
Thanks to our collaboratorsSt Cloud State University ndash
Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory
Estrone and Temperature Interactions Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationships in Freshwater Fish
Estrone and Temperature Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationship in Freshwater Fish
Introduction
Hypothesis
Exposure Systems
Predator Avoidance response
Calcein Staining
Slide Number 8
Slide Number 9
Slide Number 10
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
Results Recap
Discussion
Significance
Acknowledgements
Questions
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastwateer Land Application Sites
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastewater Land Application Sites
Some Definitions
Problem amp Significance
Problem amp Significance
Objectives
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in shallow groundwater near 7 LSTSRIB facilities
Objective (a) - Methods
Facility Locations
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
Comparison to MN Ambient Groundwater
PrioritizationScreening Assessment
Prioritization Assessment - Surface Water
Screening Assessment ndash Human Health
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b) - Methods
Agricultural Field Results
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary
Acknowledgements
Questions
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
Outline
PFAS ndash General overview
What is an emerging contaminant
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Federal and State EC Programs
What are PFAS
UsesSources
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
The Impetus for Change
Slide Number 14
Slide Number 15
Slide Number 16
Slide Number 17
Slide Number 18
Slide Number 19
Slide Number 20
Slide Number 21
Slide Number 22
Slide Number 23
Slide Number 24
Slide Number 25
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnows (pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Maumee River
Maumee River
Study Objective
Slide Number 5
Slide Number 6
Slide Number 7
Slide Number 8
Water Chemistry
Water Chemistry
Fathead Minnow Fecundity
Larval Fathead Minnow
Sunfish Blood Glucose
Slide Number 14
Resident Sunfish Gonadosomatic Index
Slide Number 16
Male Fathead Minnow Condition Factor
Discussion
Impacts
Acknowledgements
Discussion
Varied water chemistry depicts a system with multiple inputs from both known (effluent) and unknown (runoff) sources
Alterations to FHM fecundity and body condition factor represent a complex river system with varying inputs
Sunfish indices (glucose HSI GSI) detail the importance of entire life-cycle exposure due to strong upstream to downstream trends (glucose) and individual site effects (HSI GSI)
Impacts
Potential improper re-direction of energy stores at a critical energy-intensive period of reproduction
Alterations to reproduction and reproductive indices could lead to population dynamic changes
Most pronounced effects observed on resident sunfish those which were exposed their entire life
Acknowledgements
Thanks to our collaboratorsSt Cloud State University ndash
Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory
Estrone and Temperature Interactions Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationships in Freshwater Fish
Estrone and Temperature Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationship in Freshwater Fish
Introduction
Hypothesis
Exposure Systems
Predator Avoidance response
Calcein Staining
Slide Number 8
Slide Number 9
Slide Number 10
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
Results Recap
Discussion
Significance
Acknowledgements
Questions
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastwateer Land Application Sites
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastewater Land Application Sites
Some Definitions
Problem amp Significance
Problem amp Significance
Objectives
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in shallow groundwater near 7 LSTSRIB facilities
Objective (a) - Methods
Facility Locations
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
Comparison to MN Ambient Groundwater
PrioritizationScreening Assessment
Prioritization Assessment - Surface Water
Screening Assessment ndash Human Health
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b) - Methods
Agricultural Field Results
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary
Acknowledgements
Questions
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
Outline
PFAS ndash General overview
What is an emerging contaminant
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Federal and State EC Programs
What are PFAS
UsesSources
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
The Impetus for Change
Slide Number 14
Slide Number 15
Slide Number 16
Slide Number 17
Slide Number 18
Slide Number 19
Slide Number 20
Slide Number 21
Slide Number 22
Slide Number 23
Slide Number 24
Slide Number 25
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnows (pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Maumee River
Maumee River
Study Objective
Slide Number 5
Slide Number 6
Slide Number 7
Slide Number 8
Water Chemistry
Water Chemistry
Fathead Minnow Fecundity
Larval Fathead Minnow
Sunfish Blood Glucose
Slide Number 14
Resident Sunfish Gonadosomatic Index
Slide Number 16
Male Fathead Minnow Condition Factor
Discussion
Impacts
Acknowledgements
Impacts
Potential improper re-direction of energy stores at a critical energy-intensive period of reproduction
Alterations to reproduction and reproductive indices could lead to population dynamic changes
Most pronounced effects observed on resident sunfish those which were exposed their entire life
Acknowledgements
Thanks to our collaboratorsSt Cloud State University ndash
Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory
Estrone and Temperature Interactions Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationships in Freshwater Fish
Estrone and Temperature Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationship in Freshwater Fish
Introduction
Hypothesis
Exposure Systems
Predator Avoidance response
Calcein Staining
Slide Number 8
Slide Number 9
Slide Number 10
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
Results Recap
Discussion
Significance
Acknowledgements
Questions
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastwateer Land Application Sites
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastewater Land Application Sites
Some Definitions
Problem amp Significance
Problem amp Significance
Objectives
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in shallow groundwater near 7 LSTSRIB facilities
Objective (a) - Methods
Facility Locations
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
Comparison to MN Ambient Groundwater
PrioritizationScreening Assessment
Prioritization Assessment - Surface Water
Screening Assessment ndash Human Health
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b) - Methods
Agricultural Field Results
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary
Acknowledgements
Questions
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
Outline
PFAS ndash General overview
What is an emerging contaminant
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Federal and State EC Programs
What are PFAS
UsesSources
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
The Impetus for Change
Slide Number 14
Slide Number 15
Slide Number 16
Slide Number 17
Slide Number 18
Slide Number 19
Slide Number 20
Slide Number 21
Slide Number 22
Slide Number 23
Slide Number 24
Slide Number 25
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnows (pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Maumee River
Maumee River
Study Objective
Slide Number 5
Slide Number 6
Slide Number 7
Slide Number 8
Water Chemistry
Water Chemistry
Fathead Minnow Fecundity
Larval Fathead Minnow
Sunfish Blood Glucose
Slide Number 14
Resident Sunfish Gonadosomatic Index
Slide Number 16
Male Fathead Minnow Condition Factor
Discussion
Impacts
Acknowledgements
Acknowledgements
Thanks to our collaboratorsSt Cloud State University ndash
Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory
Estrone and Temperature Interactions Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationships in Freshwater Fish
Estrone and Temperature Effects on the Predator-Prey Relationship in Freshwater Fish
Introduction
Hypothesis
Exposure Systems
Predator Avoidance response
Calcein Staining
Slide Number 8
Slide Number 9
Slide Number 10
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
Results Recap
Discussion
Significance
Acknowledgements
Questions
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastwateer Land Application Sites
Micropollutants in Groundwater and Soil at Wastewater Land Application Sites
Some Definitions
Problem amp Significance
Problem amp Significance
Objectives
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in shallow groundwater near 7 LSTSRIB facilities
Objective (a) - Methods
Facility Locations
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
LSTSRIB Results
Comparison to MN Ambient Groundwater
PrioritizationScreening Assessment
Prioritization Assessment - Surface Water
Screening Assessment ndash Human Health
Determine the occurrence of micropollutants in soil at one land application site
Objective (b) - Methods
Agricultural Field Results
Agricultural FieldResults - Soil
Agricultural Field Results - Soil
Summary
Acknowledgements
Questions
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
PFAS Trends in Environmental Media and Facility Management Considerations to Limit Future Liabilities
Outline
PFAS ndash General overview
What is an emerging contaminant
List of Emerging Contaminants
A Moving Target Why Concerned
Federal and State EC Programs
What are PFAS
UsesSources
The Response Perspectives for PFAS
Slide Number 11
Slide Number 12
The Impetus for Change
Slide Number 14
Slide Number 15
Slide Number 16
Slide Number 17
Slide Number 18
Slide Number 19
Slide Number 20
Slide Number 21
Slide Number 22
Slide Number 23
Slide Number 24
Slide Number 25
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnows (pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)
Pollutant Stress in the Maumee River Impacted Physiology and Reproduction in Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Sunfish (Lepomis spp)