7/28/2019 Estimation Asg
1/24
1
S U B M I T T E D B Y : M S . R A F A T F O D K A RR E G I S T R A T I O N N O : 2 1 2 - 0 7 - 2 7 - 1 0 7 7 2 - 2 1 4 1
COURSE TITLE:
QUANTITIES(TAKINGOFF)
COURSENO:MQS 212
ASSIGNMENTNO:FIFTYSIX
[NATIONALINSTITUTEOFCONSTRUCTIONMANAGEMENTAND
RESEARCH]
7/28/2019 Estimation Asg
2/24
2
7/28/2019 Estimation Asg
3/24
3
ASSIGNMENT
NICMAR/SODEOFFFICE
1.COURSE NO : MQS 212
2.COURSETITLE : QUANTITIES(TAKING OFF)
3.ASSIGNMENT NO : FIFTY SIX
4.DATEOFDISPATCH :
5.LAST DATE OF RECEIPT OF
ASSIGNMENT AT SODE OFFICE :
ASSIGNMENT
THE PLAN AND SECTIONAL ELEVATION OF A BUILDING ARE GIVEN IN FIGURE. ESTIMATE THE
QUANTITIES OF THE FOLLOWING ITEMS OF WORK OF THE BUILDING.
1. EARTHWORK IN EXCAVATION IN FOUNDATION.
2. P.C.C. CONCRETE IN FOUNDATION(1:4:5)
3. MASONRY WORK UPTO PLINTH(1:6)
4.1ST
CLASS BRICKWORK FOR WALLS(1:6)
5. R.C.C. WORK IN ROOF SLABS, LINTELS, SUNSHADES ETC.(1:2:4 CONCRETE)
7/28/2019 Estimation Asg
4/24
4
WHAT IS AN ESTIMATE
BEFORE TAKING UP ANY WORK FOR ITS EXECUTION, THE OWNER OR BUILDER
SHOULD HAVE A THOROUGH KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE VOLUME OF WORK THAT CAN
BE COMPLETED WITHIN THE LIMITS OF HIS FUNDS OR THE PROBABLE COST THAT MAY
BE REQUIRED TO COMPLETE THE PROPOSED WORK. IT IS THEREFORE NECESSARY TO
PREPARE THE PROBABLE COST OR ESTIMATE FOR THE PROPOSED WORK FROM ITS
PLAN AND SPECIFICATION. OTHERWISE IT MAY SO HAPPEN THAT THE WORK HAS TO
BE STOPPED BEFORE ITS COMPLETION DUE TO THE SHORTAGE OF FUNDS AND OF
MATERIALS. BESIDE THE ABOVE, AN ESTIMATE FOR ANY PUBLIC CONSTRUCTION WORK
IS REQUIRED TO BE PREPARED AND SUBMITTED BEFOREHAND SO THAT SANCTION OF
NECESSARY FUNDS MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE AUTHORITY CONCERNED
THUS AN ESTIMATE FOR ANY CONSTRUCTION WORK MAY BE DEFINED AS THE
PROCESS OF CALCULATING THE QUANTITIES AND COST OF VARIOUS ITEMS REQUIREDIN CONNECTION WITH THE WORK. IT IS PREPARED BY CALCULATING THE QUANTITIES
FROM THE DIMENSION ON THE DRAWINGS FOR THE VARIOUS ITEMS REQUIRED TO
COMPLETE THE PROJECT AND MULTIPLIED BY UNIT COST OF THE ITEM CONCERNED.
TO PREPARE AN ESTIMATE DRAWING CONSISTING OF THE PLAN THE ELEVATION AND
THE SECTIONS THROUGH IMPORTANT POINTS ALONG WITH A DETAILED SPECIFICATION
GIVING SPECIFIC DESCRIPTION OF ALL WORKMANSHIP, PROPERTIES AND PROPORTION OF
MATERIALS ARE REQUIRED.
ESTIMATE
ESTIMATE IS A WORD OF WIDER CONNOTATION AND ITS DEFINITIONS SCOPE AND
MEANING WILL DEPEND UPON THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE. IT RANGES VARIES
FROM FORECASTING VALUES WITHOUT MEASURING TO APPROXIMATE JUDGEMENT OR
OPINION BASED ON ACTUAL DATA SUPPLIED INCLUDING MEASURED DRAWINGS AND
SPECIFICATIONS. AT TIMES THIS WORK IS PRECEDED BY CAUTIONARY ADJECTIVES
LIKE APPROXIMATEROUGHESTIMATE IN GENERALPROBABLE IN SPITE OF THE
FACT THAT ESTIMATE BY ITSELF CARRIES WITH IT THE INBUILT FEATURES OF THE
ABOVE ADJECTIVES. THE USE OF ADJECTIVES CAN BE TRACED TO THE OLD ENGLISHCASE OF CROWSHAW WHERE ESTIMATE WAS HELD AS AN OFFER.THIS CASE HAS TO
BE DISTINGUISHED FROM THE ESTIMATE PREPARED BY ARCHITECT WHO DOES NOT
MAKE AN OFFER TO EXECUTE THE WORK BUT FORECAST THE PROBABLE AMOUNT OF
MONEY WHICH A CONTRACTING PARTY WILL EXECUTE THE SPECIFIED WORK PROVIDED
THE SITE CONDITIONS TIME FACTOR OWNER S TENDENCY TO VARY AND COUNTRY
ECONOMIC PARAMETERS REMAIN UNALTERED.THE CROWSHAW CASE ALSO SHOWS
THE CHANGE IN DIMENSION OF THE WORD ESTIMATE DEPENDING UPON THE
CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE.
7/28/2019 Estimation Asg
5/24
5
IMPORTANCE OF ESTIMATING
1. IT HELPS IN WORKING OUT THE APPROXIMATE COST OF A BUILDING OR PROJECTBEFORE THE WORK IS TAKEN IN ORDER TO ASCERTAIN THE FINANCIAL
IMPLICATIONS INVOLVED AND TO KNOW WHETHER IT CAN BE COMPLETED
ACCORDING TO GIVEN SPECIFICATIONS WITHIN CERTAIN FINANCIAL LIMITS OR
REQUIRES MODIFICATIONS OR DROPPING OF THE PROPOSAL ALTOGETHER
DEPENDING UPON THE AVAILABLE FINANCIAL RESOURCE.
2. IT FORMS THE BASE FOR THE PROCESS OF COST-PLANNING.3. IT IS USEFUL IN FRAMING THE TENDERS FOR THE WORKS AND TO CHECK THE
CONTRACTOR S WORKS DURING AND AFTER EXECUTION FOR THE PURPOSE OF
INTERIM AND FINAL CERTIFICATE.
4. REQUIREMENT OF CONTROLLED MATERIALS LIKE CEMENT AND STEEL CAN BEESTIMATED FOR MAKING APPLICATIONS TO THE CONTROLLING AUTHORITIES.
5. CLIENTS CAN BE ADVISED ON :a) FIXATION OF STANDARD RENT.
b) COVER NOTE FOR FIRE INSURANCE AND CLAIM FOR DAMAGES IN CASE OF FIRETO A BUILDING.
c) REASONABLENESS OF THE AMOUNT CLAIMED IN THE ARBITRATIONPROCEEDINGS.
VALUATIONS OF OWNER OCCUPIED PROPERTIES ON LAND AND BUILDINGS BASIS FOR
SALE, PURCHASE, MORTGAGE, GENERAL GOVERNMENT PURPOSE.
EARTHWORK INEXCAVATION FOR FOUNDATION TRENCHES
EARTH IS EXCAVATED FOR FOUNDATION TRENCHES TO THE EXACT WIDTH AND
DEPTH OF FOUNDATION TRENCHES TO THE EXACT WIDTH AND DEPTH OF FOUNDATION
WITH VERTICAL SIDES AND THE BOTTOM LEVELLED BOTH LONGITUDINALLY AND
TRANSVERSELY. THE QUANTITY OF EARTHWORK IS CALCULATED IN CUBIC METRE (CU
M) UP TO TWO DECIMAL PLACES, MULTIPLYING THE ACTUAL REQUIRED LENGTH X
BREADTH X DEPTH OF EXCAVATION. EARTHWORK FOR STEPS SHALL BE INCLUDED.
EARTHWORK IN FILLING:-
THIS CONSIST OF TWO PARTS:-
A)FOUNDATION TRENCHES
B)PLINTH FILLING.
NORMALLY EXCAVATED EARTH FROM THE FOUNDATION TRENCHES IS USED FOR
FILLING. THE EXACT RAMMED AND CONSOLIDATED VOLUME IS CALCULATED. BUT
CONSIDERING THE QUALITY OF EARTH PLINTH FILLING MAY BE DONE BY SAND AND
IN SUCH A CASE PLINTH FILLING WORK SHALL BE SEPARATED FROM FOUNDATION
FILLING.
7/28/2019 Estimation Asg
6/24
6
a) FOR FOUNDATION FILLING : THE VOLUME IS CALCULATED IN CU M. CONSIDERINGTHE LOW RATE OF EARTH FILLING THE QUANTITY IS USUALLY TAKEN AS 1/5 THE
VOLUME OF EARTHWORK IN EXCAVATION. BUT FOR HIGH RATE DUE TO CARRIED
EARTH OR FOR ACCURACY,
QUANTITY OF EARTHWORK=(
VOLUME OF WORK IN
EXCAVATION-VOLUME OF WORK IN FOUNDATION)THE VOLUME OF WORK IN
FOUNDATION MAY BE OF BRICK SOLING, CONCRETING AND MASONRY WORK UPTO
GROUND LEVEL.
b) PLINTH FILLING : THE VOLUME IS CALCULATED IN CU M.THE INTERNAL LENGTHAND BREADTH OF A ROOM OR VERANDAH BETWEEN PLINTH WALLS I .E: EXCLUDING
PLINTH OFFSET FROM THE MEASUREMENT OF ROOM OR VERANDAH ARE TAKEN
AND MULTIPLIED BY THE DEPTH OF FILLING. THE DEPTH OF FILLING IS TAKEN
FROM THE GROUND LEVEL UPTO THE BOTTOM OF FLOOR STRUCTURE .
CEMENT OR LIME CONCRETE IN FOUNDATION:-
THE VOLUME IS COMPUTED IN CU.M I.E : LENGTH X BREADTH X DEPTH OF
CONCRETE. DIMENSION OF LENGTH AND BREADTH FOR CONCRETE REMAIN THE SAME
AS THAT OF EARTHWORK WHEN THE SECTION OF ALL WALLS OF THE BUILDING ARE
SAME .
MASONRYWORKINFOUNDATION &PLINTH:-
THE VOLUME OF DIFFERENT OFFSETS OR LAYERS AND PLINTH WALL ARE
CALCULATED ONE BY ONE IN CU M BY MULTIPLYING THEIR INDIVIDUAL LENGTH,
BREADTH AND THICKNESS ORHEIGHT.AS THERE IS NO OPENING IN THE WALL UPTO
PLINTH NO DEDUCTION IS REQUIRED.
MASONRYWORKINSUPERSTRUCTURE WALLS:-
FOR WALLS UPTO ONE BRICK THICK(I.E UPTO 20 CM) THICK THE VOLUME IS
CALCULATED IN CU.M . LENGTH X BREADTH OR THICKNESS X HEIGHT.THE WALL IS
CONSIDERED FIRST SOLID HAS NO OPENINGS AND NO LINTEL. AFTER CALCULATING
THE VOLUME OF BRICKWORK (CONSIDERING SOLING FIRST) STANDARD DEDUCTION FOR
VOLUME OF OPENINGS VOLUME OCCUPIED BY LINTEL OR ANY OTHERS ARE MADE AS
PER STANDARD RULES OF DEDUCTION PRESCRIBE BY IS:1200(DESCRIBE IN ARTICLE
4-4) TO ARRIVE IN THE ESTIMATED QUANTITY OF BRICKWORK. FOR MULTI-STOREYED
BUILDINGS BRICKWORK FOR DIFFERENT STORIES SHALL BE KEPT SEPARATED .
7/28/2019 Estimation Asg
7/24
7
R.C.C OR R.BWORK:-
REINFORCED CONCRETE MAY BE USED IN COLUMNS,LINTELS,BEAMS,ROOF SLABS
ETC.THE QUANTITY IS WORKED OUT IN CU .M I.E: LENGTH X BREADTH X DEPTH
INCLUDING REINFORCEMENT. THE VOLUME OCCUPIED BY REINFORCEMENT IS NOT
DEDUCTED FROM THE VOLUME OF CONCRETE. THE QUANTITY OF REINFORCEMENT IS
FOUND SEPARATELY BY PROVIDING A SEPARATE ITEM IN THE ESTIMATE IF NOT
OTHERWISE MENTIONED. EACH TYPE OF WORK IS CLASSIFIED SEPARATELY .THE
METHOD OF MEASUREMENT IN CONJUNCTION IN COLUMN AND BEAMS HAS BEEN
STATED IN THE R.C.C CHAPTER.ACCORDING TO IS RECOMMENDATION FORMWORK I.E :
SHUTTERING SHALL BE CLASSIFIED AND MEASURED SEPARATELY .IF REINFORCEMENT
OR SHUTTERING ARE INCLUDED AND CONSIDERED AS A CONSOLIDATED ONE ITEM.
THIS SHOULD BE FULLY DESCRIBE AND MEASURED IN CU. M R.B WORK IN LINTEL AND
ROOF SLAB IS MEASURED IN CU. M AS IN THE CASE OF R.C.CCHAJJA IS INCLUDED
WITH R.C.C WORK.
PRINCIPLES UNIT FOR VARIOUS ITEM OF WORKS:-
a) MASS, VOLUMINOUS AND THICK WORK SHALL BE TAKEN IN CUBIC UNIT ORVOLUME (VIZ, CUBIC METRE,CU M)
b) THIN, SHALLOW AND SURFACE WORK SHALL BE TAKEN IN SQUARE UNIT OR INAREA.THE THICKNESS SHALL BE SPECIFIED IN THE DESCRIPTION OF THE ITEM AND
THE MEASUREMENT OF LENGTH AND BREADTH OR PROJECTION SHALL BE TAKEN
TO CALCULATE THE AREA.( VIZ, SQUARE METRE, SQ M)c) LONG AND THIN WORK SHALL BE TAKEN IN LINEAR OR RUNNING UNITS AND
LINEAR MEASUREMENT SHALL BE TAKEN (VIZ, RUNNING METRE, RM).
7/28/2019 Estimation Asg
8/24
8
LONG AND SHORT WALLOR OUT-TO-OUT &IN-TO-IN METHOD:-
IN THIS METHOD THE LONGER WALLS IN A BUILDING (GENERALLY IN ONE
DIRECTION) ARE CONSIDERED AS LONG WALLS AND MEASURED FROM OUT-TO-OUT
AND THE SHORTER OR PARTITION WALLS IN A PERPENDICULAR DIRECTION OF THE
LONG WALLS ARE CONSIDERED AS SHORT WALLS AND ARE MEASURED FROM IN-TO-IN
FOR A PARTICULAR LAYER OF WORK. THESE LENGTH OF LONG AND SHORT WALLS
ARE MULTIPLIED SEPARATELY BY BREADTH AND HEIGHT OF THE CORRESPONDING
LAYER AND ARE ADDED TO GET THE QUANTITY. SUCH LENGTH OF LONG AND SHORT
WALLS VARY IN EVERY LAYER OF FOOTING.
TO CALCULATE THE LENGTH OF LONG AND SHORT WALLS DETERMINE FIRST
THEIR CENTER-TO-CENTRE LENGTH INDIVIDUALLY FROM THE PLAN. THEN THE LENGTH
OF THE LONG WALL OUT-TO-OUT MAY BE CALCULATED AFTER ADDING HALF
BREADTH OF WALL AT EACH END TO ITS CENTRE-TO-CENTRE LENGTH. THUS THE
LENGTH OF SHORT WALL MEASURED IN-TO-IN MAY BE FOUND OUT AFTERSUBTRACTION OF HALF BREADTH AT EACH END FROM ITS CENTRE-TO-CENTRE
LENGTH. THE LENGTH OF THE LONG WALL GENERALLY DECREASE FROM EARTHWORK
TO BRICKWORK IN SUPERSTRUCTURE AND IN THE CASE OF SHORT WALL, ITS LENGTH
INCREASES.
CENTRE LINE METHOD:
IN THIS METHOD CALCULATE THE TOTAL CENTRE LINE LENGTH OF WALLS IN
BUILDING AND MULTIPLY THE SAME BY BREADTH AND DEPTH OF THIS TO GET THETOTAL QUANTITY AT A TIME.FOR DIFFERENT SECTIONS OF WALLS IN A BUILDING, THE
CENTRE LINE LENGTH FOR EACH TYPE SHALL BE WORKED OUT SEPARATELY.IN CASE
OF PARTITION OR VERANDAH WALLS JOINING THE MAIN WALLS, THE CENTRE LINE
LENGTH SHALL BE REDUCED BY HALF OF THE BREADTH OF THE LAYER OF MAIN
WALL THAT JOINS WITH THE PARTITION OR VERANDAH WALL AT THE SAME LEVEL
NUMBER OF SUCH JOINTS ARE STUDIED FIRST TO CALCULATE THE CENTRE LINE
LENGTH.
ENGLISH METHOD OF TAKING OUT QUANTITIES:-
THE DIMENSION SHEET USED FOR TAKING-OFF IS A FOOLSCAP SHEET DIVIDED INTO
MAIN SECTIONS EACH SECTION HAVING FOUR COLUMNS. COLUMNS 1 IS TERMED TIMES
TING AND IS USED FOR SETTING THE NUMBER OF ITEM.COLUMN 2 IS KNOWN
DIMENSION COLUMN IN THIS COLUMN MEASUREMENT ARE WRITTEN . COLUMN 3 IS
CALLED SQUARING COLUMN QUANTITIES WORKED OUT ARE ENTERED IN THIS
COLUMN .COLUMN 4 IS CALLED DESCRIPTION COLUMN DESCRIPTION OF THE ITEM OF
WORKS ARE STATED IN THIS COLUMN. THIS IS A LENGTHY PROCESS OF RECORDING
MEASUREMENTS AND NOT FOLLOWED HERE.SO FURTHER DETAILS ARE NOT DESCRIBE.
7/28/2019 Estimation Asg
9/24
9
DATAREQUIREDFORDETAILEDESTIMATE
FOLLOWING DATA IS NECESSARY FOR PREPARING AN ESTIMATE:
1. DRAWING
2. SPECIFICATION
3. RATES
4. MODE OF MEASUREMENTS
DRAWING
THE DRAWING IS THE BASIS FROM WHICH QUANTITIES OF VARIOUS ITEM FOR A WORK ARE
CALCULATED
SO FULLY DIMENSIONED DRAWING MUST BE PREPARED WHICH IS SHOWING PLANS,
DIFFERENT SECTIONS AND OTHER RELEVANT DETAILS FOR THE WORK.
FOR PLANS, SECTIONS AND ELEVATION:1CM =0.5M TO 1CM =2M SCALE CAN BE USED.
FOR DETAILED DRAWING:1CM =1CM TO 1CM=20CM SCALE CAN BE USED
SPECIFICATION
GENERALSPECIFICATION:
IN GENERAL SPECIFICATION THE NATURE AND C LASS OF WORK AND THE NAMES OF
MATERIAL TO BE USED ARE DESCRIBED.
IT GIVES A GENERAL IDEA FOR THE PROJECT.
DETAILEDSPECIFICATION:
DETAILED SPECIFICATION GIVES DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EVERY ITEMS TO BE EXECUTED,
WITH THE QUALITIES, QUANTITIES, PROPORTION OF MATERIALS, WORKMANSHIP, THE
METHOD OF PREPARATION AND EXECUTION.
DETAILED SPECIFICATION ARE HELPFUL FOR THE EXECUTION OF THE DIFFERENT ITEMS OF
WORK TO THE SITE SUPERVISOR AND THE OWNER TO EXECUTE THE WORK AS PER DETAILED
SPECIFICATION.
7/28/2019 Estimation Asg
10/24
10
RATES
THE RATES OF VARIOUS MATERIAL USED IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND THE WAGES OF
DIFFERENT CATEGORIES OF LABOUR SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR PREPARING ESTIMATE.
THE LOCATION OF WORK AND ITS DISTANCE FROM THE SOURCE OF MATERIALS AND THECOST OF TRANSPORT SHOULD BE KNOWN.
THESE RATES MAY BE OBTAINED FROM PWD SCHEDULE OF RATES BOOK OR THE RATES
MAY BE WORKED OUT BY THE ANALYSIS OF RATE METHOD.
MODEOFMEASUREMENT
IT IS A STANDARD METHOD OF MEASUREMENT.
A BOOK IS PUBLISHED BY BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS ,IS1200 WHICH SPECIFIES THE
UNIQUE METHOD OF MEASUREMENT OF QUANTITIES OF ITEMS OF WORK.
IT HELPS IN PREPARATION OF ESTIMATE TO THE FINAL COMPLETION OF WORK AND MAKING
PAYMENTS OF WORKS.
SCHEDULEOFRATES
A BOOKLET CONTAINING RATES OF VARIOUS ENGINEERING ITEMS FOR THE PREPARATION OFDETAILED ESTIMATES SUCH AS BUILDINGS, ROADS, BRIDGES, CANALS ETC.CALLED AS
SCHEDULE OF RATES.
IT ALSO GIVES THE RATE OF MATERIALS, DAILY WAGES OF LABOUR, CARRIAGE
EXPENDITURE.
IT IS ALSO GIVEN WITH TABLE FOR QUANTITIES OF VARIOUS MATERIAL REQUIRED IN
CONSTRUCTION.
SCHEDULE OF RATES VARY WITH THE REGION.
SCHEDULE OF RATES INCREASES EVERY YEAR BY CERTAIN PERCENTAGE OF PREVIOUS YEAR
RATES.
7/28/2019 Estimation Asg
11/24
11
MATERIALSREQUIREDFORFRAMINGANESTIMATE
i. A SET OF PLANS COMPLETE IN EVERY RESPECT AND FULLY DIMENSIONAL WITHTHE SECTION. WHILE WORKING OUT, FIGURED DIMENSIONS MUST BE FOLLOWED IN
PREFERENCE TO SCALED ONES.
ii. DETAILED SPECIFICATIONS ABOUT THE MATERIALS TO BE USED THEIRPROPORTIONS AND THE METHOD OF EXECUTION OF THE WORK.
iii. A SCHEDULE OF RATES OF ALL THE ITEMS OF CONSTRUCTION WORK.
HOWTOWORKOUTTHEDETAILEDESTIMATE
BEFORE WORKING OUT THE DETAILED ESTIMATE, THE WHOLE PROJECT IS
DIVIDED INTO PART WORK KNOWN AS SUB-WORKS. THE COST OF EACH OF THE SUB
WORK IS ESTIMATED SEPARATELY AND THEN ADD TOGETHER TO GIVE THE TOTALCOST OF A PROJECT EG:A BUNGALOW WITH AN OUTHOUSE, GARAGE, COMPOUND
WALL EACH WORKED OUT SEPARATELY AND WHEN ADDED TOGETHER WILL GIVE AN
IDEA OF THE TOTAL COST OF THE PROJECT.
PRELIMINARIES
1. PLAN SHOULD BE THOROUGHLY STUDIED AND SPECIAL POINTS WHICH ARELIKELY TO BE OVERLOOKED SHOULD BE NOTED ON A SEPARATE SHEET OF
PAPER.
2.
DIFFERENT SEQUENCES OF OPERATIONS OF CONSTRUCTION WORK SHOULD BEVISUALIZED AND NOTED.
3. WORK OF FINDING OUT QUANTITIES SHOULD BE COMMENCED IN ACCORDANCEWITH THE SEQUENCE OF CONSTRUCTION WORK AND RECORDED ON QUANTITY
SHEETS.
4. BILL OF QUANTITY OR ABSTRACT SHEET SHOULD BE PREPARED SHOWING THEITEMS, QUANTITIES, RATES AND THE TOTAL OF ALL ITEMS WILL REPRESENT AN
APPROXIMATE COST. TO THIS COST, USUALLY 10% TO 15% OF THE SAME
KNOWN AS CONTINGENCIES IS ADDED TO GIVE THE TOTAL ESTIMATE OF THE
WORK. IN THE CASE OF REPAIR PROPOSAL, CONTINGENCIES IS ADDED TO THE
EXTENT OF 25%.
5. SEQUENCE OF OPERATIONS OF THE CONSTRUCTION WORK FOR AN R.C.CFRAMED BUILDING OF GROUND AND ONE UPPER FLOOR:
1) CLEARING THE SITE.2) EXCAVATION FOR FOUNDATION.3) MASS CONCRETE BELOW R.C.C FOOTINGS4) R.C.C FOOTINGS5) R.C.C COLUMNS BELOW PLINTH.6) R.C.C PLINTHS BEAMS7) RUBBLE MASONRY OR BRICK WORK FOR PLINTH.8) MURUM FILLING IN PLINTH
7/28/2019 Estimation Asg
12/24
12
9) DRY RUBBLE PACKING IN PLINTH .10)CEMENT CONCRETE BEDDING FOR PLINTH11)R.C.C COLUMNS FOR GROUND FLOOR12)CASTING FIRST R.C.C SLABS WITH BEAMS.13)
R.C.C
COLUMNS FOR FIRST FLOOR.14)CASTING LAST R.C.C SLABS WITH BEAMS.
15)ERECTIONS OF FRAMES OF DOORS, WINDOWS, AND CONSTRUCTION OFBRICK WALLS
16)STAIRCASE CABIN WORK17)PLASTER TO WALLS18)FLOOR PAVEMENT19)BRICK BAT COBA AND TERRACE FINISHING 20)FIXING DOOR AND WINDOW SHUTTERS21)DRAINAGE AND PLUMBING WORK.22)ELECTRIC INSTALLATION WORK23)OIL PAINT AND COLOUR WASH24)FINAL FINISHING OF THE BUILDING.
CEMENTPLASTERING :
1)MATERIALS:CEMENT SHALL BE FRESH PORTLAND CEMENT AND SAND SHALL BE
MEDIUM QUALITY, CLEANED FREE FROM ORGANIC MATTER OR SALTS.ALL THE
MATERIALS INCLUDING WATER SHALL BE OF STANDARD SPECIFICATION.
2)PREPARATION OF MORTAR:THE MATERIALS SHALL BE AT FIRST MIXED DRY
THOROUGHLY TILL UNIFORM IN COLOUR IN THE REQUIRED PROPORTION AND THEN
SHALL BE MIXED WET ADDING WATER SLOWLY AND GRADUALLY FOR AT LEAST FOUR
TIMES TO GIVE UNIFORM PASTE.
3)PREPARATION OF SURFACE: THE SURFACE OF THE WALL SHALL BE BRUSHED,
CLEANED, WASHED, WATERED AND WETTED WITH WATER BEFORE PLASTERING.IN CASE
OF CEMENT PLASTER OR CEMENT CONCRETE THE FACE SHALL BE LIGHTLY
ROUGHENED, CLEANED WASHED AND WETTED.TO ENSURE UNIFORM THICKNESS OF
PLASTER AS SPECIFIED NARROW STRIPS OF WHITE PLASTER SHALL BE APPLIED A
DISTANCE OF 1 CM AND GAPS BETWEEN SUCH STRIPS SHALL BE FILLED WITH MORTAR.4)LAYING :THE PLASTERING SHALL BE STARTED FROM TOP AND WORKED TOWARDS
THE GROUND THE WHOLE SURFACE SHALL BE MADE FLUSH WITH WOODEN STRAIGHT
EDGES AND RUBBED THOROUGHLY WITH WOODEN FLOATS TO ENSURE AN EVEN
SURFACE.ROUNDING OF CORNERS IF DESIRED BY THE ENGINEER-IN-CHARGE SHALL
BE CARRIED OUT IN ONE OPERATION.
5)CURING :
PLASTERING SURFACE SHALL BE KEPT WET BY SPRINKLING WATER AFTER 12 HOURS
FOR AT LEAST 7 DAYS AND SHALL BE PROTECTED FROM RAIN OR SUN.
7/28/2019 Estimation Asg
13/24
13
PLASTERING ANDPOINTING:
PLASTERING : PLASTERING SHALL BE MEASURED IN SQ.M STATING THICKNESS,
MORTAR, AND ITS MIX, NATURE OF BASE AND SPECIAL TREATMENT OF BASE IF ANY .
THE DESCRIPTION SHALL INCLUDE INTERNAL ROUNDING ANGLES., EXTERNAL
CHAMFERS AND ROUNDING ANGLES UPTO 80MM IN GRITH. REMOVAL OF PLASTERING
BY SCRAPING OR OTHERWISE SHALL BE MEASURED IN SQ .M PLASTERING ON ROOFS,
CEILINGS, AND WALLS SHALL BE KEPT SEPARATE.
PLASTERING IN ISOLATED WIDTHS OR IN WIDTH NOT FORMING A PART OF GENERAL
PLASTER WORK AS IN THE CASE OF CORNICES, BANDS, PANELS ETC.AND ALSO IN THE
CASE OF CHAMFERS, ROUNDED ANGLES MORE THAN 80MM IN GIRTH SHALL BE
MENTIONED BELOW:
1. WIDTH OR GIRTH ABOVE 30 CM IN SQ.M2. WIDTH OR GIRTH BELOW 30CM IN RUNNING METRES.
PLASTERING AT A HEIGHT MORE THAN 10M ABOVE GROUND LEVEL SHALL BE
KEPT SEPARATE AND SHALL BE MEASURED IN STAGES OF 5M HEIGHT EXCEPT
INTERIOR PLASTERING IN CASE OF BUILDING MEASURED SEPARATELY FOR EACH
STOREY. CEILING SHALL BE MEASURED BETWEEN WALLS OR PARTITIONS
DIMENSION SHALL BE TAKEN BEFORE PLASTERING. SOFFIT OF STAIRS SHALL BE
MEASURE AS PLASTERING ON CEILING. RIBS AND MOULDINGS ON CEILINGS SHALL
BE MEASURED AS FOR CORNICES DEDUCTION BEING MADE FROM PLASTERING IF
WIDTH OR GIRTH EXCEEDS 15 CM.
POINTING : POINTING SHALL BE MEASURE IN SQ.M . PROPORTIONS OF THE
MATERIALS TYPE OF POINTING SHALL BE DESCRIBE FULLY .DIFFERENT TYPES OF
POINTING SHALL BE KEPT SEPARATE. POINTING OF WALL, FLOOR WALL, ROOF
SHALL BE KEPT SEPARATE.POINTING ON HONEYCOMB WORK SHALL BE DESCRIBE
AND MEASURED IN SQ.M ON THE BASIS OF OVERALL SUPERFICIAL AREA WITHOUT
ANY DEDUCTION FOR OPENINGS.
7/28/2019 Estimation Asg
14/24
14
CONCRETEWORK
THE ITEM OF THE CONCRETE WORK WHETHER PLAIN OR REINFORCED INCLUDES ALL
THE MATERIALS THAT ARE REQUIRE TO PREPARE THE CONCRETE CENTERING
MATERIALS FROM WORKS MIXING POURING IN POSITIONS VIBRATING CONSOLIDATING
CURING HACKING (THAT IS MAKING THE SURFACE ROUGH TO RECEIVE THE PLASTER)
AND PROVIDING KEY FOR THE FURTHER CONCRETE WORK .THE ITEM DOES NOT
INCLUDE THE TEST FOR THE MATERIALS OR MIX AND FINISHING UNLESS SPECIFIED IN
ADVANCE. THE PROPORTIONS OF MATERIALS METHOD OF MIXING PLACING IN
POSITIONS VIBRATING AND AMOUNT OF STEEL SHOULD BE MADE KNOWN TO THE
CONTRACTOR IN THE ADVANCE.
CONCRETE WORK IS EITHER PAID AS A UNIT CONSISTING OF CONCRETE AND STEEL
OR PLAIN CEMENT CONCRETE AND STEEL IS PAID SEPARATELY THE PRACTICE
FOLLOWED BY THE ARCHITECTS AND ENGINEERS IS TO PAY FOR THE R.C.C WORK
COMPRISING OF CONCRETE AND STEEL EACH PAID SEPARATELY PER CUBIC METER
AND PER TONNE RESPECTIVELY.
A POINT OF DIFFERENCE OCCURS ON MODES OF MEASUREMENT WHEN THE R.C.C
ITEM OF WORK INCLUDE NECESSARY FINISHING.THE CONTRACTOR USUALLY CONTEND
THAT FINISHED MEASUREMENT OF THE WORKS SHOULD BE TAKEN WHEREAS THE
ARCHITECT AND ENGINEERS CONTEND THOUGH ITEM INCLUDE FINISHING YET
CONTRACTOR IS NOT ENTITLED TO FINISHED MEASUREMENT AND THAT HE SHOULD BE
PAID ACCORDING TO MEASUREMENT OF UNFINISHED R.C.C WORK AS GIVEN ON R.C.C
PLANS .THIS POINT SHOULD BE MADE CLEAR IN THE TENDER AS THE CONTRACTORWILL BE ENTITLE TO FINISHED MEASUREMENT. R.C.C SHOULD BE DIVIDED INTO TWO
PARTS ONE FOR UNFINISHED R.C.C WORK AND OTHER REPRESENTING THE RATE OF
FINISHING AND THE BILLS PREPARED ACCORDINGLY.
WHEN THE CONCRETE AND STEEL USE ARE PAID SEPARATELY THE FOLLOWING ARE
INCLUDED IN THE PAYMENT FOR STEEL WORK PERM.T BASIS NAMELY;
a) BINDING WIRESb) OVERLAPS OTHER THAN SPECIFIED ONES.
7/28/2019 Estimation Asg
15/24
15
DEDUCTIONFOR R.C.CORPLAINCONCRETEWORKS
1. NO DEDUCTION TO BE MADE FOR DISSIMILAR MATERIAL UPTO 500 SQ.MM LIKEENDS OF BEAMS, PULINS,RAFTERS,TRUSSES.
2. NO DEDUCTION TO BE MADE FOR OPENINGS UPTO 0.20 SQ.M.3. NO DEDUCTION TO BE MADE FOR THE VOLUME OCCUPIED BY THE
REINFORCEMENT.
4. NO DEDUCTION TO BE MADE FOR PIPES AND CONDUITS UPTO 25 SQ.CM CROSS-SECTIONAL AREAS.
UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED ALL MEASUREMENTS OF R.C.C BEAMS AND
COLUMNS ARE TO BE PAID IN CUBIC METRES ONLY AND NO MEASUREMENT ON
RUNNING METRE BASIS.
POINTING
IT IS MEASURED IN SQ.M OF THE FALL SURFACE COVERED BY POINTING AND
DEDUCTIONS TO BE ALLOWED ARE THE SAME AS GIVEN FOR THE PLASTERING WORK.
CARE SHOULD BE TAKEN TO SPECIFY THE TYPE OF POINTING REQUIRED LIKE FLUSH,
TUCK, KEYED OR STUCK.
7/28/2019 Estimation Asg
16/24
16
COMPUTATIONS:-
GROUND FLOOR CENTRE TO CENTRE LENGTH OF WALL
MAIN ROOMS
BACK LONG WALLS OF ALL ROOMS INCLUDING STAIRCASE ROOM C TO C LENGTH =2(3.5+
3.0)+2.3+4 X 0.3+0.3/2+0.3/2 = 16.80M
FRONT LONG WALL OF BED AND LIVING ROOM ON ONE SIDE OF STAIRCASE ROOM C. TO C.
LENGTH = 3.5+3.0+0.3+0.3/2+0.3/2 = 7.10M
CROSS OR SHORT WALL C. TO C. LENGTH = 3.5+0.3/2+0.3/2 = 3.80M
FRONT VERANDAH:
STUDY ROOM, FRONT LONG WALL C. TO C. LENGTH = 3.70+0.3/2+0.2/2 =3.9M
STUDY ROOM CROSS OR SHORT WALL C. TO C. LENGTH +2.0+0.3/2+0.2/2 = 2.25M
VERANDAH WALL IN BETWEEN STUDY ROOMS C. TO C . LENGTH =8.9+0.2/2+0.2/2 = 9.1M
BACK VERANDAH:
KITCHEN, BACK WALL C. TO C. LENGTH = 2.5+0.2/2+0.2/2 = 2.70M
KITCHEN, CROSS OR SHORT WALL C. TO C. LENGTH = 2.5+0.3/2+0.2/2 = 2.75M
BATH AND W.C. TWO SETS COMBINED, BACK LONG WALL C. TO C. LENGTH =
2X1.2+0.2+2X0.2/2 = 2.8M
BATH AND W.C. CROSS OR SHORT WALL C. TO C. LENGTH = 1.4+1.0+0.1+0.3/2+0.2/2 =
2.75M
VERANDAH WALL IN BETWEEN KITCHEN AND W.C. C. TO C. LENGTH = 4.15+0.1+0.1+0.1 =
4.45M
FIRST FLOOR CENTRE TO CENTRE LENGTH OF WALLS:-
MAIN ROOMS
BACK LONG WALL OF ALL ROOMS INCLUDING STAIRCASE ROOM C. TO C. LENGTH =
(3.7+3.1) X 2+2.3+(4X0.2)+0.2/2+0.2/2 = 16.9M
FRONT LONG WALL OF BED AND LIVING ROOMS ON ONE SIDE OF STAIRCASE ROOM C. TO C.
LENGTH = (3.7+3.1)+0.2+2X0.2/2 = 7.2M
CROSS OR SHORT WALLS C. TO C. LENGTH = 3.7+2X0.2/2 = 3.9M
FRONT VERANDAH
STUDY ROOM FRONT LONG WALL C. TO C. LENGTH =3.7+2X0.2/2 =3.9M
7/28/2019 Estimation Asg
17/24
17
STUDY ROOM CROSS OR SHORT WALL C. TO C. LENGTH =2.0+2X0.2/2 = 2.2M
VERANDAH WALL IN BETWEEN STUDY ROOMS C. TO C . LENGTH =
3.1+2.3+3.1+(2X0.2)+2X0.2 = 9.1M
BACK VERANDAH-
KITCHEN- BACK WALL C. TO C. LENGTH = 2.5+2X0.2/2 = 2.7M
KITCHEN CROSS OR SHORT WALL C. TO C. LENGTH =2.5+2X0.2/2 = 2.7M
BATH AND W.C.TWO SETS COMBINED, BACK WALL C. TO C. LENGTH =
1.2+1.2+0.2+2X0.2/2 = 2.8M
BATH AND W.C.CROSS WALLS C. TO C. LENGTH =1.4+1.0+0.1+2X0.2/2 = 2.7M
VERANDAHWALL IN BETWEEN KITCHEN AND W.C. C. TO C. LENGTH = 4.15+2X0.2/2 =4.35M
SR
NO
PARTICULARS NO LENG
TH
M
BREADT
H
M
HEIGHT
M
QUAN
TITY
REMARKS
1 EARTHWORK IN
EXCAVATION IN
FOUNDATION
MAIN ROOMSBACK LW FULL 1 17.6 0.8 0.9 12.67 L=16.8+0.8
FRONT LW OF BED
AND LIVING ROOM
2 7.9 0.8 0.9 11.38 L=7.1+0.8
SHORT WALLS
STUDY ROOMS 6 3.0 0.8 0.9 12.96 L=3.8-0.8
FRONT WALL 2 4.5 0.6 0.6 3.24 L=3.9+0.6
CROSS WALL 4 1.55 0.6 0.6 2.23 L=2.25-0.6/2-
0.8/2
KITCHEN
LONG WALL 2 3.3 0.6 0.6 2.38 L=2.7+0.6
SHORT WALL 4 2.05 0.6 0.6 2.95 L=2.75-0.6/2-
0.8/2
BATH AND W.C.
LONG WALL 1 3.4 0.6 0.6 1.22 L=2.8+0.6
SHORT WALL 3 2.05 0.6 0.6 2.21 L=2.75-0.6/2-
0.8/2
VERANDAH PILLARS 4 0.8 0.6 0.6 1.15
FRONT
DWARF WALL
TOTAL LENGTH 1 6.9 0.4 0.4 1.1 L=9.1-2X0.6/2-
7/28/2019 Estimation Asg
18/24
18
2X0.8
BACK VERANDAH
PLINTH DWARF WALL 2 2.95 0.4 0.4 1.1 L=4.35-2X0.6/2-
0.8
STAIRCASE BASE 1 1.1 0.6 0.7 0.46
STEP FRONT 1 2.5 0.7 0.25 0.44
STEP BACK 2 1.2 0.7 0.25 0.42
TOTAL 55.75
CU M
2 P.C.C. CONCRETE IN
FOUNDATION (1:4:5)
MAIN ROOMS
BACK LONG WALL 1 17.6 0.8 0.3 4.22
FRONT LONG WALL OF
BED AND LIVING
2 7.9 0.8 0.3 3.79
CROSS SHORT WALL 6 3.0 0.8 0.3 4.32
STUDY ROOMS
FRONT LONG WALL 2 4.5 0.6 0.2 1.08
CROSS SHORT WALL 4 1.65 0.6 0.2 0.79
KITCHENS
LONG WALL 2 3.3 0.6 0.2 0.79
SHORT WALL 4 2.15 0.6 0.2 1.03 L=2.75-0.6/2-
0.6/2
BATH AND W.C.
LONG WALL 1 3.4 0.6 0.2 0.41
SHORT WALL 3 2.15 0.6 0.2 0.77 L=2.75-0.6/2-
0.6/2
VERANDAH PILLARS 4 0.8 0.6 0.2 0.38
FRONT VERANDAH
PLINTH DWARF WALL 1 7.5 0.4 0.2 0.6 L=9.1-2X0.4/2-2X0.6
7/28/2019 Estimation Asg
19/24
19
STAIRCASE BASE 1 1.1 0.6 0.2 0.13
STEP FRONT 1 2.5 0.7 0.15 0.26
STEP BACK 2 1.2 0.7 0.15 0.25
TOTAL 19.36
CU M
3 MASONRY WORK UPTO
PLINTH (1:6)
MAIN ROOMS
BACK WALL
1ST FOOTING 1 17.4 0.6 0.2 2.09 L=16.8+0.6
2ND
FOOTING 1 17.3 0.5 0.2 1.73 L=17.4-0.1
PLINTH WALL 1 17.2 0.4 0.7 4.82 L=17.3-0.1
FRONT LONG WALL
1ST
FOOTING 2 7.7 0.6 0.2 1.85 L=7.1+0.6
2ND
FOOTING 2 7.6 0.5 0.2 1.52 L=7.7-0.1
PLINTH WALL 2 7.5 0.4 0.7 4.2 L=7.6-0.1
CROSS WALL
1ST
FOOTNG 6 3.2 0.6 0.2 2.3 L=3.8-0.6
2ND
FOOTING 6 3.3 0.5 0.2 1.98 L=3.2+0.1
PLINTH WALL 6 3.4 0.4 0.7 5.71 L=3.3+0.1
STUDY ROOMSFRONT WALL
FOOTING 2 4.3 0.4 0.2 0.69 L=3.9+0.4
PLINTH WALL 2 4.2 0.3 0.7 1.76 L=4.3-0.1
FOOTING 4 1.8 0.4 0.2 0.58 L=2.25-0.5/2-
0.4/2
PLINTH WALL 4 1.9 0.3 0.7 1.6 L=1.8+0.1
KITCHEN
7/28/2019 Estimation Asg
20/24
20
BACK WALL
FOOTING 2 3.1 0.4 0.2 0.5 L=2.7+0.4
PLINTH WALL 2 3.0 0.3 0.7 1.26 L=3.1-0.1
CROSS WALL 4
FOOTING 4 2.3 0.4 0.2 0.74 L=2.75-0.5/2-
0.4/2
PLINTH WALL 4 2.4 0.3 0.7 2.02 L=2.3+0.1
BATH AND W.C.
BACK WALLS
FOOTING 1 3.2 0.4 0.2 0.26 L=2.8+0.4
PLINTH WALLS 1 3.1 0.3 0.7 0.65 L=3.2-0.1
CROSS WALL
FOOTING 3 2.3 0.4 0.2 0.55 L=2.75-0.5/2-
0.4/2
PLINTH WALL 3 2.4 0.3 0.7 1.51 L=2.3+0.1
VERANDAH PILLAARS
FOOTING 4 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.19
PLINTH WALL 4 0.5 0.3 0.7 0.42
FRONT VERANDAH
PLINTH WALL
FRONT VERANDAH
PLINTH DWARF WALL
SUM TOTAL LENGTH 1 7.8 0.2 0.7 1.09 L=9.1-2X0.3/2-
2X0.5
BACK VERANDAH
PLINTH DWARF WALL 2 3.55 0.2 0.7 0.99 L=4.35-2X0.3/2-
1X0.5
STAIRCASE BASE 1 1.1 0.5 0.4 0.22
STAIR FRONT 1ST
1 2.3 0.6 0.2 0.28
STEP FRONT 2ND
1 2.3 0.3 0.15 0.1
STEP BACK1ST 2 1.0 0.6 0.2 0.24
7/28/2019 Estimation Asg
21/24
21
STEP BACK2ND 2 1.0 0.3 0.15 0.09
TOTAL 41.94
CU M
4 1ST
CLASS BRICKWORK
FOR WALLS(1:6)
BACK WALL 1 17.1 0.3 3.0 15.39 L=16.8+0.3
FRONT LONG WALL 2 7.4 0.3 3.0 13.32 L=7.1+0.3
CROSS WALL 6 3.5 0.3 3.0 18.9 L=3.8-0.3
STAIRCASE ROOM
FRONT WALL
1 2.3 0.3 0.6 0.42
TOTAL 48.3
CU M
DEDUCT
DOOR OPENING 10 1.0 0.3 2.0 6.0
WINDOW OPENING 8 0.9 0.3 1.2 2.59
SHELVES OPENING 6 1.0 0.2 1.8 2.16
LINTELS 0.834
TOTAL
OF
DEDUCTI
ON
11.58
NET
TOTAL
36.45
CU M
5 R.C.C. WORK IN ROOF
SLABS, LINTELS,
SUNSHADES ETC.(1:2:4) CONCRETE
R.C.C. SLAB BED AND
LIVING ROOMS
2 7.4 3.8 0.12 6.749
FRONT VERANDAH
INCLUDING STUDY
ROOMS
1 17.1 2.35 0.1 4.019
BACK VERANDAH
INCLUDING KITCHEN,
BATH AND W.C.
ROOMS
1 17.1 2.85 0.1 4.874
7/28/2019 Estimation Asg
22/24
22
LINTELS
OVER DOORS MAIN
ROOM
8 1.3 0.3 0.1 0.312
OVER WINDOWS MAIN
ROOM
8 1.2 0.3 0.1 0.288
OVER SHELVES IN
30CM WALL
6 1.3 0.3 0.1 0.234
OVER ENTRANCE OF
STAIRCASE
1 2.7 0.3 0.2 0.162
OVER DOORS STUDY
ROOM
2 1.3 0.2 0.1 0.052
OVER DOORS KITCHEN 2 1.2 0.2 0.1 0.048
OVER DOOR BATH AND
W.C.
4 1.05 0.2 0.1 0.084
OVER WINDOWS
STUDY ROOM
4 1.2 0.2 0.1 0.096
OVER WINDOWS
KITCHEN
2 1.1 0.2 0.1 0.044
OVER SHELVES
KITCHEN
2 1.3 0.2 0.1 0.052
OVER R.C.C. JALI
OVER DOOR OF BATH
AND W.C.
4 1.05 0.2 0.1 0.084
OVER FRONT
VERANDAH 20 CM
THK
1 9.2 0.2 0.2 0.368
OVER BACK
VERANDAH
INCLUDING WINDOW
1 13.6 0.2 0.15 0.408
SUNSHADES
OVER WINDOW IN
MAIN ROOM AND
STUDY ROOM
8 1.2 0.5 0.05 0.24
OVER WINDOW IN
KITCHEN
2 1.1 0.5 0.05 0.055
OVER FRONT
VERANDAH
1 9.2 0.6 0.05 0.276
OVER BACK
VERANDAH
INCLUDING BACK
WINDOWS
1 13.6 0.5 0.05 0.34
SLABS OF SHELVES
25CM WIDE 4CM THK
8X
3
1.1 0.25 0.04 0.264
STAIRCASE
7/28/2019 Estimation Asg
23/24
23
INCLINED SLABS 2 2.54 1.1 0.15 0.838
ABOVE WALL AT BASE 1 1.1 0.5 0.15 0.083
LANDING SLAB
MIDDLE
1 2.6 1.05 0.15 0.41
LANDING SLAB 1ST
FLOOR LEVEL1 2.6 0.75 0.15 0.293
STEPS WITHOUT
REINFORCEMENT
8X
2
1.1 X0.5(0.2
5X1.75)
0.385
TOTAL 21.05
8
CU M
7/28/2019 Estimation Asg
24/24
BIBLOGRAPHY
ESTMATING AND COSTING IN CIVIL ENGINEERING BY M . CHAKRABORTY
ESTIMATING AND COSTING BY NICMAR PUBLICATIONS