Estimated Reductions in Influenza- Estimated Reductions in Influenza- related Mortality among the related Mortality among the Elderly through Elderly through Direct-to-Consumer Advertising Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of Influenza Vaccine of Influenza Vaccine Mitesh S Patel* Mitesh S Patel* Matthew M. Davis Matthew M. Davis # *University of Michigan Medical School, and *University of Michigan Medical School, and # Child Health Evaluation and Research (CHEAR) Unit, Division of Child Health Evaluation and Research (CHEAR) Unit, Division of General Pediatrics, Division of General Internal Medicine, and General Pediatrics, Division of General Internal Medicine, and Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy, University of Michigan Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy, University of Michigan
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Estimated Reductions in Influenza-related Mortality among the Elderly through
Estimated Reductions in Influenza-related Mortality among the Elderly through Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of Influenza Vaccine Mitesh S Patel* Matthew M. Davis # *University of Michigan Medical School, and - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Estimated Reductions in Influenza-related Estimated Reductions in Influenza-related Mortality among the Elderly through Mortality among the Elderly through
*University of Michigan Medical School, and *University of Michigan Medical School, and ##Child Health Evaluation and Research (CHEAR) Unit, Division of General Pediatrics, Child Health Evaluation and Research (CHEAR) Unit, Division of General Pediatrics,
Division of General Internal Medicine, and Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy, Division of General Internal Medicine, and Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy, University of MichiganUniversity of Michigan
Influenza MortalityInfluenza Mortality
Predominately and disproportionately impacts elderlyPredominately and disproportionately impacts elderly
Rates of annual influenza vaccination among the elderly Rates of annual influenza vaccination among the elderly are approximately 65%are approximately 65%
Vaccination rates fall short of the Vaccination rates fall short of the Healthy People 2010Healthy People 2010 target of 90% and may be a concern on the national leveltarget of 90% and may be a concern on the national level
Spending on DTC advertising rose from $266 million in Spending on DTC advertising rose from $266 million in 1994 to $3.2 billion in 20031994 to $3.2 billion in 2003
Effective method of increasing sales of prescription Effective method of increasing sales of prescription pharmaceuticalspharmaceuticals
Could it be an effective method of increasing influenza Could it be an effective method of increasing influenza vaccination rates and achieving mortality benefits?vaccination rates and achieving mortality benefits?
Research ObjectiveResearch Objective
To examine the potential cost-effectiveness of a federal To examine the potential cost-effectiveness of a federal program of DTC advertising for influenza vaccination of eldersprogram of DTC advertising for influenza vaccination of elders
Methods: Number Needed to VaccinateMethods: Number Needed to Vaccinate
Number Needed to Vaccinate (NNV)Number Needed to Vaccinate (NNV)
Quantifies the number of people that must be vaccinated to Quantifies the number of people that must be vaccinated to prevent one all-cause deathprevent one all-cause death
Analogous to the Number Needed to Treat (NNT)Analogous to the Number Needed to Treat (NNT)
Elderly Population, millions(Revaccinated Persons, %) Year 2006 Year 2007 Year 2008 Year 2009 Year 2010 Year 2011 Year 2012 Year 2013 Year 2014 Year 2015
Elderly Population, millions(Revaccinated Persons, %) Year 2006 Year 2007 Year 2008 Year 2009 Year 2010 Year 2011 Year 2012 Year 2013 Year 2014 Year 2015
Elderly Population, millions(Revaccinated Persons, %) Year 2006 Year 2007 Year 2008 Year 2009 Year 2010 Year 2011 Year 2012 Year 2013 Year 2014 Year 2015
Mortality benefits of influenza vaccinationMortality benefits of influenza vaccination
DTC advertising has only been studied for boosting DTC advertising has only been studied for boosting pharmaceutical salespharmaceutical sales
Medicare incurs greater program costsMedicare incurs greater program costs
Annual cost per average beneficiary is $5,400Annual cost per average beneficiary is $5,400
Average life expectancy of elders in hypothetical cohort is 11.7 Average life expectancy of elders in hypothetical cohort is 11.7 yearsyears
SummarySummary
Overall the cost per life-year saved is about $27,000 for Overall the cost per life-year saved is about $27,000 for the 10-year DTC promotion of influenza vaccine for the the 10-year DTC promotion of influenza vaccine for the elderlyelderly
Sensitivity analysisSensitivity analysis Worst caseWorst case
Cost per life-year saved < $40,000Cost per life-year saved < $40,000
Total cost of DTC advertising over 10 years = $2.2 billionTotal cost of DTC advertising over 10 years = $2.2 billion
ImplicationsImplications
First study to suggest potential benefits of DTC First study to suggest potential benefits of DTC advertising on public immunization effortsadvertising on public immunization efforts
DTC advertising directed towards elders mayDTC advertising directed towards elders may
Induce demand for influenza vaccineInduce demand for influenza vaccine
Raise vaccination rates towards the target of 90%Raise vaccination rates towards the target of 90%
Be cost-effective for the Federal Government to pursueBe cost-effective for the Federal Government to pursue
Estimated Reductions in Influenza-related Estimated Reductions in Influenza-related Mortality among the Elderly through Mortality among the Elderly through
*University of Michigan Medical School, and *University of Michigan Medical School, and ##Child Health Evaluation and Research (CHEAR) Unit, Division of General Pediatrics, Child Health Evaluation and Research (CHEAR) Unit, Division of General Pediatrics,
Division of General Internal Medicine, and Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy, Division of General Internal Medicine, and Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy, University of MichiganUniversity of Michigan