Esther M. Sternberg, M.D., Director, Esther M. Sternberg, M.D., Director, Integrative Neural Immune Program Integrative Neural Immune Program National Institute of Mental Health/NIH National Institute of Mental Health/NIH BRAIN - IMMUNE BRAIN - IMMUNE CONNECTIONS CONNECTIONS Author: The Balance Within Author: The Balance Within The Science Connecting Health The Science Connecting Health and Emotions and Emotions HEALTH & DISEASE HEALTH & DISEASE in in
BRAIN - IMMUNE. CONNECTIONS. in. HEALTH & DISEASE. Esther M. Sternberg, M.D., Director, Integrative Neural Immune Program National Institute of Mental Health/NIH. Author: The Balance Within The Science Connecting Health and Emotions. Can Believing Make You Well. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Esther M. Sternberg, M.D., Director,Esther M. Sternberg, M.D., Director,
Integrative Neural Immune Program Integrative Neural Immune Program National Institute of Mental Health/NIHNational Institute of Mental Health/NIH
BRAIN - IMMUNEBRAIN - IMMUNE
CONNECTIONSCONNECTIONS
Author: The Balance WithinAuthor: The Balance Within
The Science Connecting Health The Science Connecting Health and Emotionsand Emotions
HEALTH & DISEASEHEALTH & DISEASE
inin
Can Can BelievingBelieving Make You Make You
WellWell
Does Does StressStress Make Make You You SickSick??
What isWhat is StressStress ??
• Initiating eventInitiating event
• PerceptionPerception
• ResponseResponse
• EffectEffect
There are many parts to “There are many parts to “StressStress”:”:
EmotionsEmotions
DiseaseDisease
EmotionsEmotions
DiseaseDisease
Health = BalanceHealth = Balance
The
Four
Humors
PhlegmPhlegm
BloodBloodBlack bileBlack bile
Yellow bileYellow bile
Gregor Reisch, Margarita Philosophica cum Additionibus Novis Basel 1517
Anatomical Dissecting Theater, Padua: ca. 1550
Anatomical View of the Brain: ca.1670
Thomas Willis, The Remaining Medical Works of Thomas WillisLondon, 1679
Cytokines can signal the brain:Cytokines can signal the brain:
•Signaling via VagusSignaling via Vagus
What isWhat is StressStress ??
• Initiating eventInitiating event
• PerceptionPerception
• ResponseResponse
• EffectEffect
There are many parts to “There are many parts to “StressStress”:”:
“The chief and primary cause of …the very rapid increase of nervousness is modern civilization, which is distinguished from the ancient by these five characteristics: steampower, the periodical press, the telegraph, the sciences and the mental activity of women.”
American Nervousness, Its Causes and Consequences, George M. Beard, 1881
Hans Selye (ca. 1960)
StressStress = non specific response of non specific response of
the body to any demand.the body to any demand.
The stress response is more The stress response is more specific than Selye predicted.specific than Selye predicted.
D. Goldstein et al.; P. Sawchenko et al.
There Are Many Kinds of There Are Many Kinds of Stress.Stress.
• PsychologicalPsychological – performance, hierarchy, relationship, loss
Separation of rat pups for 5-15 Separation of rat pups for 5-15 minutes/day for first two weeks minutes/day for first two weeks of life leads to permanent of life leads to permanent increase in HPA axis increase in HPA axis responsiveness into adult life.responsiveness into adult life.Seymour Levine et al. 1975; Michael Meaney et al. 1995
Strain, gender and maternal Strain, gender and maternal environment interactions environment interactions determine adultdetermine adult stress stress
responsiveness in this model.responsiveness in this model.