Estar + Past Estar + Past Participle Participle
Jan 25, 2016
Estar + Past ParticipleEstar + Past Participle
Estar + Past ParticipleEstar + Past Participle
Many adjectives in Spanish are actually Many adjectives in Spanish are actually PAST PARTICIPLES of verbs.PAST PARTICIPLES of verbs.Recall that Recall that to form the past participle of a to form the past participle of a verb in Spanish, you add verb in Spanish, you add -ado-ado to the stem to the stem of of -ar-ar verbs and verbs and -ido-ido to the stem of most to the stem of most -er/-ir-er/-ir verbs. verbs.decorardecorarconocerconocerpreferirpreferir
decoradoconocidopreferido
Estar + Past ParticipleEstar + Past Participle
The past participle is frequently used with The past participle is frequently used with estar to describe CONDITIONS that are estar to describe CONDITIONS that are the result of a previous action. In those the result of a previous action. In those cases, the past participle agrees with the cases, the past participle agrees with the subject in gender and number.subject in gender and number.
El pintor El pintor está sentadoestá sentado..
Las paredes Las paredes estaban pintadasestaban pintadas..
Estar + Past ParticipleEstar + Past Participle
Some verbs have irregular Some verbs have irregular past participles.past participles.
Memorize this acronym:Memorize this acronym:
DR CHAP MR FEVVDR CHAP MR FEVV
DD decirdecir
RR romperromper
CC cubrircubrir
HH hacerhacer
AA abrirabrir
PP ponerponer
MM morirmorir
RR resolverresolver
FF freirfreir
EE escribirescribir
VV verver
VV volvervolver
dichodicho
rotoroto
cubiertocubierto
hechohecho
abiertoabierto
puestopuesto
MuertoMuerto
ResueltoResuelto
FritoFrito
EscritoEscrito
VistoVisto
vueltovuelto
How is it used? The past participle translates to “ed” How is it used? The past participle translates to “ed” or “en” in English.or “en” in English.
Look at these examples:Look at these examples:• La obra de arte La obra de arte está pintada está pintada por el estudiante.por el estudiante.
The work of art The work of art is painted is painted by the student.by the student.
(Notice that (Notice that “pintada” describes “pintada” describes and agrees in and agrees in gender and number with “la obra”gender and number with “la obra”
• El estudianteEl estudiante pintó pintó la obra de arte.la obra de arte.
The student painted the work of art. (completed The student painted the work of art. (completed action-preterite)action-preterite)
• El estudiante El estudiante pintabapintaba la obra cuando el profesor la obra cuando el profesor lo llamó.lo llamó.
The student was painting the work of art…The student was painting the work of art…