ESSF Topic 3 - Sources of Malaysian Law

8/16/2019 ESSF Topic 3 - Sources of Malaysian Law

1/19

TOPIC 3

© 2011, Oxford Fajar Sdn Bhd, Business Law, by Lee Mei Pheng and Ian !eron "e##a$%e&on'#r(ed by NOOR MAIZUDIN BIN MOHAMAD NOOR, Fa&()#y of B('ine'' *d+ini'#ra#ion, MT-C., 2012$

-SF00/-SSF00/


2/19

Introduction

The +ain 'o(r&e' of Ma)ay'ian )a

4ri##en )a,

nri##en )a5 and

I')a+i& )a


3/19

Written Law

4ri##en )a +ean' #ha# i# i' ri##en in b)a&6 and hi#e$ I# refer'

#o #he )a' e+bodied in #he Federa) and S#a#e Con'#i#(#ion'

and in a &ode or a '#a#(#e, in&)(ding '(b'idiary or de)ega#ed

)egi')a#ion$

4ri##en )a i' diided in#o

Federa) Con'#i#(#ion

S#a#e Con'#i#(#ion

Legi')a#ion

S(b'idiary )egi')a#ion


4/19

Written Law

Federal Constitution

The '(7re+e )a of #he &o(n#ry$ I# a77)ie' #o #he ho)e of

Ma)ay'ia$ I# )ay' don #he 7oer' of #he federa) and '#a#e

goern+en# a' e)) a' #he ba'i& or f(nda+en#a) righ#' of #he

indiid(a)$

*r# 189 and *r# 1:1- &on#ain' 7roi'ion' #o a))o #he

Con'#i#(#ion #o be a+ended i#h #he &ondi#ion of #o #hird';

+ajori#y in bo#h ho('e' of Par)ia+en# agreeing #o #he

a+end+en#$


5/19

Written Law


The Federa) Con'#i#(#ion &o+7ri'e' *r#i&)e' hi&h 7roide for

#he fo))oing

The Federa#ion < #he =ang di>Per#(an *gong, %()er', #he

-xe&(#ie, Federa) Legi')a#(re, )egi')a#ie 7ro&ed(reThe S#a#e' < %()er' and =ang di>Per#(an ?egeri,

Legi')a#ie *''e+b)y

%e)a#ion' be#een #he Federa#ion and #he S#a#e'

Finan&ia) 7roi'ion

-)eion'

The j(di&iary

P(b)i& 'eri&e'


6/19

Written Law


The Federa) Con'#i#(#ion &o+7ri'e' *r#i&)e' hi&h 7roide for

#he fo))oing

S7e&ia) 7oer' again'# '(ber'ion, e+ergen&y 7oer'

@enera) and +i'&e))aneo(', e$g$ ?a#iona) Lang(age,Federa) Ca7i#a), Co++onea)#h re&i7ro&i#y, a+end+en#

of Con'#i#(#ion, e#&$

*ddi#iona) 7ro#eion for S#a#e' of Sabah and Saraa6

Te+7orary and #ran'i#iona) 7roi'ion'

Saing for %()er'; 'oereign#y


7/19

Written Law

State Constitution

On)y a77)ie' #o #he 7ar#i&()ar '#a#e$ If #here i' a &onf)i be#een #he

Federa) Con'#i#(#ion and #he S#a#e Con'#i#(#ion, #hen a&&ording #o *r#

A1 of #he Federa) Con'#i#(#ion, #he Federa) Con'#i#(#ion i)) #a6e

7re&eden&e$

The S#a#e Con'#i#(#ion &on#ain' 7roi'ion' hi&h are en(+era#ed in

#he #h -igh#h S&hed()e #o #he Federa) Con'#i#(#ion$ So+e of #he'e

7roi'ion' in&)(de +a##er' &on&erning #he %()er, #he exe&(#ie Co(n&i),

#he Legi')a#(re, #he Legi')a#ie *''e+b)y, finan&ia) 7roi'ion', '#a#e

e+7)oyee', and a+end+en#' #o #he Con'#i#(#ion$ If '(&h e''en#ia)7roi'ion' are +i''ing, or if any 7roi'ion i' in&on'i'#en# i#h #he+,

Par)ia+en# +ay +a6e 7roi'ion' #o gie effe #o #he+ or #o re+oe

any in&on'i'#en&ie', a' #he &a'e +ay be < *r#i&)e /1, Federa)

Con'#i#(#ion$


8/19

Written Law

Legislation

La i' )egi')a#ed by Par)ia+en# a# #he federa) )ee) and '#a#e

)egi')a#ie a''e+b)ie' a# #he '#a#e )ee)$ For a bi)) #o be&o+e an

* of Par)ia+en#, #he Bi)) +('# be 7a''ed by bo#h #he "ean

%a6ya# and #he "ean ?egara and fina))y ob#ain #he %oya) *''en# #ha# i', #he =ang "i>Per#(an *gong;' 'ea) or 'igna#(re$

Legi')a#ion +ade by Par)ia+en# af#er Inde7enden&e in 198/ are

&a))ed *'$ Prior #o #ha#, #hey ere &a))ed Ordinan&e'$ La'

+ade by #he '#a#e )egi')a#ie a''e+b)ie' Aex&e7# in Saraa6are &a))ed -na+en#'$ In Saraa6, #he )a' are &a))ed

Ordinan&e'$


9/19

Written Law

Subsidiary Legislation delegated legislation!subordinate

legislation"

"efined in In#er7re#a#ion * 19:/ a' any 7ro&)a+a#ion, r()e,

reg()a#ion order, no#ifi&a#ion, by>)a' or o#her in'#r(+en# +ade

(nder any *, -na+en# or Ordinan&e or o#her )af() a(#hori#yand haing )egi')a#ie effe$

Par)ia+en# and '#a#e )egi')a#ie a''e+b)ie' +ay de)ega#e 'o+e

of #heir )egi')a#ie 7oer' #o '(bordina#e a(#hori#ie'$ .oeer,

de)ega#ed )egi')a#ion +ade by '(&h '(bordina#e a(#hori#ie' i'nor+a))y &onfined #o +a##er' of de#ai) a' Par)ia+en# and '#a#e

)egi')a#ie a''e+b)ie' hae nei#her #he #i+e nor #he #e&hni&a)

ex7er#i'e #o ena )a' on eery de#ai)$


10/19

Written Law

Subsidiary Legislation delegated legislation!subordinate

legislation"

S(b'idiary )egi')a#ion &anno# be +ade in &on#raen#ion of #he

7aren# * or #he Federa) Con'#i#(#ion$ If #here i' &on#raen#ion,

#hen #he '(b'idiary )egi')a#ion i' oid$

If #here i' a &onf)i be#een #he A7aren# )egi')a#ion and

'(b'idiary )egi')a#ion, #hen #he )egi')a#ion i)) a)ay' #a6e

7re&eden#$


11/19

Unwritten Law

nri##en )a doe' no# +ean #ha# #he )a i' )i#era))y (nri##en$

I# i' a referen&e #o #ha# 7or#ion of Ma)ay'ian )a hi&h i' no#

enaed by #he )egi')a#(re APar)ia+en# and S#a#e *''e+b)ie'

and hi&h i' no# fo(nd in #he ri##en Federa) and S#a#eCon'#i#(#ion'$

nri##en )a i' +ade (7 of

-ng)i'h La

!(di&ia) Pre&eden#'

C('#o+'


12/19

Unwritten Law

#nglis$ Law

-ng)i'h )a for+' 7ar# of #he )a' of Ma)ay'ia$ -ng)i'h )a &an

be fo(nd, in#er a)ia, in #he -ng)i'h &o++on )a and r()e' of

eD(i#y$ .oeer, no# a)) of -ng)and;' &o++on )a and r()e' of

eD(i#y for+ 7ar# of Ma)ay'ian )a$

Seion 3A1 of #he Cii) La * 198: A%ei'ed 19/2 7roide'

#ha#, in Penin'()ar Ma)ay'ia, #he &o(r#' 'ha)) a77)y #he &o++on

)a of -ng)and and #he r()e' of eD(i#y a' ad+ini'#ered in -ng)and

on /#h

*7ri) 198:$ In Sabah and Saraa6, #he &o(r#' 'ha)) a77)y#he &o++on )a of -ng)and and #he r()e' of eD(i#y, #oge#her i#h

'#a#(#e' of genera) a77)i&a#ion, a' ad+ini'#ered or in for&e in

-ng)and on 1'# "e&e+ber 1981 and 12#h "e&e+ber 199

re'7eie)y$


13/19

Unwritten Law

#nglis$ Law

.oeer, #hi' i' '(bje #o #o &ondi#ion'

#here +('# be no Ma)ay'ian )a on #hi' area, and

on)y -ng)i'h )a #ha# i' '(i#ed #o Ma)ay'ian &ir&(+'#an&e'&an be a77)ied$


14/19

Unwritten Law

%udi&ial 're&edents

!(di&ia) 7re&eden# +ean' #ha# de&i'ion of #he higher &o(r#'

a(#o+a#i&a))y bind' a)) )oer &o(r#'$ For exa+7)e, a Federa)

Co(r# de&i'ion a(#o+a#i&a))y bind' #he Co(r# of *77ea), .igh

Co(r#, Se''ion' Co(r#, Magi'#ra#e' Co(r# and #he S+a)) C)ai+'Co(r#$

"e&i'ion' +ade by j(dge' 7reio(')y in 'i+i)ar 'i#(a#ion' are

binding (7on f(#(re &a'e' de7ending on #he hierar&hy of #he

&o(r#'$


15/19

Unwritten Law

%udi&ial 're&edents

The 'y'#e+ of binding 7re&eden# i' &a))ed #he dorine of '#are

de&i'i' A+eaning E'#and by ha# ha' been de&ided; in -ng)i'h

)a.

The 7rin&i7)e of '#are de&i'i' &o+7ri'e'

%a#io de&idendi < hi&h +ean' Erea'on' for #he de&i'ion'

hi&h i' binding on #he )oer &o(r#';$

Obi#er di(+ < hi&h +ean Ein&iden#a) re+ar6' by a

j(dge; hi&h i' 7er'(a'ie on)y$


16/19

Unwritten Law

Custo(s

C('#o+' are ano#her i+7or#an# 'o(r&e of (nri##en )a$ C('#o+' are

inheri#ed fro+ one genera#ion #o ano#her genera#ion$ -ery ra&e ha' i#'

on &('#o+'$ C('#o+ary )a &on'i'#' of &('#o+' and #radi#ion' of #he

ario(' ra&e'$

Ma)ay' hae #he *da# Per7a#ih and #he *da# Te+enggong$

*da# Per7a#ih a77)ie' in ?egeri Se+bi)an and ?anning in

Ma)a&&a$ I# a77)ie' #he +a#ri)inea) 'y'#e+ here 7ro7er#y &an

on)y be inheri#ed by #he fe+a)e de'&endan#' of #he de&ea'ed

oner$ *da# Te+enggong a77)ie' #o a)) o#her '#a#e'$ I# a77)ie' #he

7a#ri)inea) 'y'#e+ here #he 7ro7er#y &an on)y be inheri#ed by #he

+a)e de'&endan#' of #he de&ea'ed oner$


17/19

Unwritten Law

Custo(s

The Chine'e and .ind(' are goerned by Chine'e C('#o+ary

La and .ind( C('#o+ary La re'7eie)y$

For #he ?a#ie' in Sabah and Saraa6, ?a#ie La hi&hre)a#e' #o )and and fa+i)y +a##er' i' a77)i&ab)e$


18/19

Islamic Law

On)y a77)ie' #o M(')i+' and #he &o(r# hi&h a77)ie' i' #he

Syariah Co(r#$

Today, be'ide' fa+i)y and e'#a#e +a##er', I')a+i& )a' are

in&rea'ing)y a77)ied in ban6ing and )and )a'$

The =ang "i>Per#(an *gong i' #he head of I')a+ in hi' ho+e

'#a#e, Penang, Ma)a&&a, Sabah, Saraa6 and Federa)

Terri#orie'$ The head of I')a+ of o#her S#a#e' i' #he S()#an$


19/19

The -nd

ESSF Topic 3 - Sources of Malaysian Law

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