Essential Question What was the impact of the Cold War on American society? What was the impact of the Cold War on American society?

Essential QuestionEssential Question

What was the impact of What was the impact of the Cold War on the Cold War on

American society?American society?

West GermanyWest Germany

GB, US, FR GB, US, FR sectors sectors attempted to attempted to unite into one unite into one governmentgovernment

Soviets opposed Soviets opposed this unificationthis unification

Division of GermanyDivision of Germany

West Germany West Germany (Federal Republic of (Federal Republic of Germany) formed Germany) formed in Sept. 1949in Sept. 1949

East Germany East Germany (German (German Democratic Democratic Republic) formed in Republic) formed in Oct. 1949Oct. 1949

Berlin AirliftBerlin Airlift

USSR blockaded USSR blockaded West BerlinWest Berlin

No trucks, No trucks, barges, or trains barges, or trains could bring in could bring in supplies to its 2.5 supplies to its 2.5 million residentsmillion residents

Berlin AirliftBerlin Airlift

For more than 10 For more than 10 months, British months, British and American and American planes flew in planes flew in suppliessupplies

200,000 flights200,000 flights 2.3 million tons 2.3 million tons

of suppliesof supplies

Berlin AirliftBerlin Airlift

NATONATO

North Atlantic North Atlantic Treaty Treaty OrganizationOrganization

Formed in 1949 of Formed in 1949 of western nationswestern nations

Treaty agreeing to Treaty agreeing to help one another if help one another if attackedattacked

Warsaw PactWarsaw Pact

Formed by the Formed by the Soviet Union in Soviet Union in 19551955

Formal military Formal military alliance of alliance of eastern nationseastern nations

Eastern EuropeEastern Europe

ChinaChina

Communists Communists seized seized control of the control of the government government in 1949 in 1949 under the under the leadership of leadership of Mao ZedongMao Zedong

KoreaKorea

U.S. and Soviet U.S. and Soviet troops divided troops divided Korea after Korea after WWII at the WWII at the 3838thth parallel parallel

Soviets gave Soviets gave military aid to military aid to North KoreaNorth Korea

Korean WarKorean War

Began in 1950Began in 1950

Communist Communist government of government of North Korea (with North Korea (with the help of the the help of the USSR) attempted USSR) attempted to invade South to invade South KoreaKorea

Korean WarKorean War

Sept. 15, 1950 – Sept. 15, 1950 – MacArthur made a MacArthur made a daring invasion into daring invasion into North Korea and North Korea and pushed the enemy pushed the enemy north of the 38north of the 38thth parallelparallel

Korean WarKorean War

China entered China entered the war as they the war as they saw the saw the advancing troopsadvancing troops

MacArthur MacArthur wanted to invade wanted to invade China, use atomic China, use atomic weaponsweapons

Truman vs. MacArthurTruman vs. MacArthur

The general The general publicly criticized publicly criticized Truman for not Truman for not moving against moving against ChinaChina

Truman fired him Truman fired him for for insubordination in insubordination in April 1951April 1951

Korean WarKorean War

Armistice signed Armistice signed in July 1953in July 1953

No land gained No land gained by either sideby either side

Marked the Marked the expansion of the expansion of the Cold War in AsiaCold War in Asia

The Cold The Cold War and War and American American SocietySociety

The Red ScareThe Red Scare

Rumors and Rumors and accusations of accusations of Communists in Communists in the U.S. in the U.S. in governmentgovernment

Loyalty Review ProgramLoyalty Review Program

1947-19511947-1951

Over 6 million Over 6 million federal federal employees employees screened to screened to determine who determine who was loyal to the was loyal to the U.S.U.S.

J. Edgar HooverJ. Edgar Hoover

Director of the FBIDirector of the FBI

Urged public Urged public hearings to expose hearings to expose Communists and Communists and Communist Communist sympathizerssympathizers

Infiltrated groups, Infiltrated groups, wiretaps, etc.wiretaps, etc.

HUAC

House Un-American Activities Committee

Find communists in the government

Alger HissAlger Hiss

Named as a spy Named as a spy and a member of and a member of the Communist the Communist PartyParty

Lied under oath Lied under oath and was and was convicted of convicted of perjuryperjury

The RosenbergsThe Rosenbergs

Belief that American Belief that American Communists sold Communists sold secrets to the Soviets secrets to the Soviets about constructing about constructing atomic bombsatomic bombs

Julius and Ethel Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were Rosenberg were convicted and convicted and executed for this executed for this chargecharge

Joseph McCarthyJoseph McCarthy

U.S. senator from U.S. senator from WisconsinWisconsin

Proclaimed Proclaimed Communists were Communists were part of the U.S. part of the U.S. governmentgovernment

Quote, McCarthyQuote, McCarthy

““While I cannot take the time to name all While I cannot take the time to name all the men in the State Department who the men in the State Department who have been named as members of the have been named as members of the Communist Party and members of a Communist Party and members of a spy ring, I have here in my hand a list spy ring, I have here in my hand a list of 205 that were known to the of 205 that were known to the Secretary of State as being members of Secretary of State as being members of the Communist Party and who the Communist Party and who nevertheless are still working and nevertheless are still working and shaping the policy of the State shaping the policy of the State Department.”Department.”

McCarthyismMcCarthyism

McCarthy became McCarthy became chairman of the chairman of the senate senate subcommittee on subcommittee on investigationsinvestigations

He used vague and He used vague and flimsy charges that flimsy charges that damaged damaged reputationsreputations

Nuclear WarNuclear War

How did the U.S. How did the U.S. population population respond to the respond to the threat of nuclear threat of nuclear war?war?

Bomb shelters, Bomb shelters, drillsdrills

Long Range U.S. Nuclear Long Range U.S. Nuclear MissilesMissiles

B-52 bomber for B-52 bomber for flying across flying across continents and continents and drop nuclear drop nuclear bombsbombs

Intercontinental Intercontinental ballistic missiles ballistic missiles (IBCMs)(IBCMs)

Sputnik CrisisSputnik Crisis

Launched by the Launched by the USSR on Oct. 4, USSR on Oct. 4, 19571957

First artificial First artificial satellite to orbit satellite to orbit the earththe earth

NASANASA

Congress created Congress created the National the National Aeronautics and Aeronautics and Space Space AdministrationAdministration

Research in Research in rocket science rocket science and space and space explorationexploration

CIACIA

President President Eisenhower agreed Eisenhower agreed to use the Central to use the Central Intelligence Agency Intelligence Agency for covert missions for covert missions to prevent to prevent communist activity communist activity in other nationsin other nations