ESSAonline10 Trial 2014web2.hunterspt-h.schools.nsw.edu.au/studentshared/SCIENCE...ESSAonline10 Trial 2014 ESSAonline10 is an interactive online science assessment for Year 10students.
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ESSAonline10 Trial 2014 ESSAonline10 is an interactive online science assessment for Year 10 students. In 2014, the trial test was based on content from the NSW Board of Studies Science Years 7–10 Syllabus. The following resource is a print version of the 2014 ESSAonline10 Trial test.
Extended response task 1: Which is sweeter? (6 marks) Lucinda wanted to investigate a claim made by the soft drink manufacturer.
The manufacturer said that its low-sugar soft drinks contained less sugar than the low-sugar
soft drinks made by other manufacturers.
What steps would Lucinda need to carry out in order to test the soft drinks?
Antibiotics are drugs that kill a wide range of bacteria that cause infections. They are prescribed by doctors.
In the 1940s an Australian scientist, Howard Florey, was the first person to develop the antibiotic penicillin, to help patients suffering from bacterial infection.
Since then, many of the bacteria that cause these infections have developed an ‘antibiotic resistance’ to penicillin. That is, penicillin no longer kills these bacteria.
*Antibiotic resistance is a type of drug resistance where a microorganism is able to survive exposure to an antibiotic.
Use the diagram to explain how bacteria evolve to develop antibiotic resistance.
This video shows a person running on a treadmill. Exercise scientists use a machine called a spirometer to measure the volume of air breathed in and out before and during exercise.
The graphs represent the volume of air breathed in and out before and during exercise.
Describe the changes inside Jo’s body as she begins to exercise.
Read the following article then complete items 11 to 15.
Maglev trains Magnetic levitation uses electromagnets to produce a magnetic field in the guideway for the train. By alternating the poles of the magnetic field (north and south), the train's permanent magnet is 'repelled' along its course. The repulsion of the magnets means that the train will float above the track. This removes the frictional forces that cause normal trains to wear out.
Question 11 and 12 refer to this graph.
11 The graph above represents the journey of a maglev train. Which section represents the train's journey back to Central station - Sydney
A to B
B to C
C to D
D to E
12 The graph above represents the journey of a maglev train.
Bewteen sections D and E the train is travelling at an average speed of
kilometres per hour.
13 Which force is the electromagnet opposing when it levitates the train above the track?’
Match the force on the maglev train with its origin.
Force Origin
Lift Gravity / magnets / air resistance
Drag Gravity / magnets / air resistance
Thrust Gravity / magnets / air resistance
weight Gravity / magnets / air resistance
Circle the response to show your choice.
15 What scientific principle does the maglev train rely upon?
Electromagnets require high currents and voltages to lift a train above the track. Unlike conventional trains, maglev trains do not burn fossil fuels in their engines. The polarity of electromagnets can be changed to attract or repel other magnets. Maglev trains travel faster than normal trains because there is no friction with the track.
Read the following article then complete items 16 to 20.
Bt cotton tees If a T-shirt is made with cotton grown in Australia, there’s a good chance that the cotton is from a genetically modified plant.
In the case of Australian cotton, scientists were looking for a way to protect cotton crops from being eaten by a pest – the Helicoverpa caterpillar. Farmers once sprayed large quantities of insecticide on their crops to kill caterpillars, but this was costly, polluting and killed other insects. So scientists started looking for a better option.
Scientists have since found a microscopic soil bacterium called Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) that produces proteins poisonous to the Helicoverpa caterpillar. These proteins do not affect any other insects, mammals or birds – just the pesky caterpillar. The scientists analysed the bacterium’s DNA and found the particular genes that coded for the proteins. They made a copy of these genes and inserted them into the cotton DNA.
This caterpillar, Helicoverpa loves to eat cotton plants. Scientists have inserted a gene into cotton plants that codes for a protein poisonous to this type of caterpillar..
Bt cotton tee
Helicoverpa caterpiller
16 What benefit is produced from inserting bacterium genes into cotton plant DNA?
The cotton farmers use less insecticide. The cotton produces better cotton for tee shirts. The farmers grow a greater variety of cotton plants.
The cotton plants produce bacteria to kill caterpillars.
18 When Bt cotton cells divide to replace dead cells the DNA is replicated exactly.
What advantage does this give the new cells?
The new cells will be more resistant to caterpillars. The new cells will last longer than the ones they replace. The new cells will be better adapted than the ones they replace. The new cells will perform the same functions as the cells they replace.
19 A change in a cell's DNA is called a mutation
a deformity
a chromosome
a decomposition
20 The diagram shows a section of a DNA molecule.
What name is given to the section of DNA labelled X?
Read the following article then complete items 21 to 26.
John Dalton (1766 –1844)
John Dalton was an English chemist, meteorologist and physicist. He is best known for his pioneering work in the development of modern atomic theory, and his research into colour blindness.
Dalton’s atomic model
• Dalton stated that elements consisted oftiny indivisible, indestructible particlescalled atoms
• He also called the elements puresubstances because all atoms of anelement were identical and that inparticular they had the same mass
• He also said the reason why elementsdiffered from one another was that atomsof each element had different masses.
• He also said that compounds consisted ofatoms of different elements combinedtogether.
This image shows a page from Dalton’s notebook. Dalton was the first to use symbols to represent the elements. The numbers represent the relative atomic mass compared to
hydrogen.
21 The model of the atom has changed since Dalton's time.
Why has the model of the atom changed Scientists often change their minds.
Famous scientists make up new models. New evidence does not fit the old model. The scientists that made up the old models had died.
23 Potash is often used as a fertiliser. John Dalton thought that potash was an element. However, modern chemists views potash as a compound with the formula, K2CO3.
Which elements make up potash?
Circle the correct options to show your answer
24 The equipment has been set up to make oxygen gas and hydrogen gas from water.
What type of reaction is demonstrated here? corrosion
combustion
neutralisation
decomposition
25 Today, the atom is often drawn to show its electrons, protons and neutrons.
Label this atom.
26 Potash is a white powder often used as a fertiliser. John Dalton thought that potash was an element.
Modern chemistry views potash as a compound.
Why did Dalton think that potash was an element?
He could not dissolve it in water.
He did not have the technology to break it down. He could not separate the potash using distillation. He could not turn the potash from a solid white powder into a gas.
Read the following article then complete items 28 to 34.
Guinea worm
Guinea worm is a large parasitic worm that causes guinea worm disease. People get the disease when they drink contaminated water. Guinea worm disease is usually not fatal, but the painful blisters it causes stop adults from working and children from going to school.
The control and prevention of the disease relies on communities using filtering devices to stop themselves from ingesting the worm larvae when they are drinking water. One of these devices is the pipe filter. The pipe filter is made up of a straw with a small cloth. The holes in the cloth are too small for the larvae to get past so
people can drink water without ingesting the larvae. This stops the guinea worm’s lifecycle.
Guinea worm disease will soon become the second disease to be eradicated from the Earth. It will be the first disease to be eradicated without the use of vaccinations.
27 What other measures could be used to control the Guinea worm disease?
Yes No
poisoning of the fleas
better health education
surgical removal of worms
provision of clean drinking water
introduction of cane toads to eat the worms
28 What size can a female worm grow inside the human body?
up to one metre
a few centimetres
the worms are microscopic
29 Where do the adult worms reproduce?
in the water
inside humans
inside water fleas
inside the water pipes
30 The pipe filter is designed to interrupt the guinea worm’s lifecycle.
Which stage in the guinea worm’s lifecycle does the pipe filter directly interrupt?
The pipe filter stops the water flea from surviving in the water.
The pipe filter stops the guinea worm larvae from reproducing.
The pipe filter stops the guinea worm larvae from entering a person’s body The pipe filter stops the guinea worm larvae from being released into water.
31 What other measures could be used to control the Guinea worm disease?
Environmental features biotic abiotic
Oxygen levels in the water
Water fleas in the water
Water temperature
Graph: Reported cases of Guinea disease
32 On hot days, water particles in the pool What is the trend of reported cases of guinea worm disease worldwide between 1989 and 2006?
The data is too erratic to describe a trend. Reported cases of guinea worm disease are increasing. Reported cases of guinea worm disease are decreasing.
Reported cases of guinea worm disease remain the same.
33 What is the purpose of this graph? to show the number of cases of Guinea worm disease over time to show how communities are affected by the Guinea worm disease to show that the Guinea worm disease might be the next disease to be eradicated to show how the filter pipe has caused the eradication of the Guinea worm disease
34 Diseases can be infectious or non-infectious.
The table shows features of infectious and non-infectious diseases.
Classify these features as infectious or non-infectious.
Feature infectious Non-infectious
The disease is caused by an organism (eg malaria)
The disease is caused by lifestyle (eg Type II diabetes)
The disease is transmitted from person to person (eg influenza)
37 Brett wondered how the dimensions of a rubber band would affect how far it stretches.
Dimension Rank
Width
Length
Thickness
Show your answer (1 smallest 3 largest)
38 Brett measured the unstretched rubber band to be 8.1 centimetres.
How many millimetres is this? 0.81
8.1
81
810
39 Which is the dependent variable that is measured in this investigation?
length of the rubber band
thickness of the rubber band
amount of mass added to the carrier
time taken to stretch the rubber band
Questions 40 to 42 refer to this graph 40 Which is the dependent variable that is
measured in this investigation?
How can the trend in the graph above be described?
As the mass increases, the rubber band stretches at an uneven rate. As the mass decreases, the rubber band stretches at an uneven rate. As the mass increases, the rubber band stretches at a constant rate. As the mass decreases, the rubber band stretches at a constant rate.
41 How many millimeters will the rubber band stretch to if a total of 600g were placed on it?
Write your answer in the box.
42 What conclusion can be drawn from the graph?
As the rubber band stretches, it causes the mass to increase. As the rubber band stretches, it causes the mass to decrease. As the mass is increased, it causes the rubber band to stretch. As the mass is increased, it causes the rubber band to contract
Read the following article then complete items 49 to 54
Twins Fraternal twins result after two eggs are fertilised at the same time. Kian and Remee are fraternal twins, born in England in 2005. Their appearance is very different; Kian has dark skin, black hair and brown eyes, whereas, Remee has light skin, blonde hair and blue eyes. It is a genetic fluke because the twin's parents have genes for both light and dark skin. Experts estimate that there is a one in a million chance of fraternal twins looking so different.
49 What do the twins have in common?
their parents
their genetic code
the colour of their skin
the fertilised egg they grew from
50 The part of the reproductive system that stores eggs is the
cervix
uterus
ovaries
fallopian tubes
51 Place the events in human reproduction in the correct order 1 to 5.
order Event
An egg is released from the ovary.
The fertilised egg cell begins to divide.
The implanted cells continue to divide until birth.
A sperm fertilises the egg in the fallopian tube.
The cluster of cells is implanted in the wall of the uterus.
55 Distances across the universe are best measured in
metres
kilometres
light years
astronomical units
56 The accepted scientific theory that describes the origin of the Universe is called the
Big Bang theory
theory of evolution
particle model of matter
theory of plate tectonics
57 Professor Brian Schmidt works with a team of astronomers and data engineers because they
were interested in winning a Nobel prize
combined skills to solve complex problems
were able to repeat the investigations efficiently
had different ideas about how funding could be raised
58 The crab nebula formed when a star exploded in the year 1054. The supernova was bright enough to be seen during the day and was recorded by Arab and Chinese astronomers.
Where is the crab nebula?
Beyond the universe.
Inside our solar system.
Inside the Milky Way galaxy.
Beyond the Milky Way galaxy.
59 Australia should support Professor Schmidt’s research into the history of the Universe because it will
inform us about when the Universe will end.
inspire more astronomers to work in Australia.
improve our knowledge about the expansion of the Universe.
help us to protect ourselves from the cold when the Universe ends.
Read the following article then complete items 63 to 69. Ununoctium
Victor Ninov was a former nuclear chemist from the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. He is most well known for falsely claiming to have found evidence for the existence of element 118, referred to as ununoctium. When other scientists attempt to replicate this experiment, they were unable to do the same. A committee of scientists concluded that he had falsified some data in his experiments. This was a scandal and he was shamed out of the scientific community.
63 What is the chemical symbol for Ununoctium?
U
Uu
Un
Uuo
64 The fact that scientists other found nothing to support Victor Ninov's claims to have created ununoctium demonstrates that
developments in technology have transformed science societal values have an impact on scientific development Scientific processes must be applied to test the validity of ideas choices need to be made when considering the use of scientific advances
65 Victor Ninov was interested in producing Ununoctium because he thought it could be useful for treating cancer.
What are the reasons why society should support this type of research?
Yes No
More people would live longer healthier lives.
Scientists who solve the problem could make money.
Legal penalties are applied when people make false claims.
Scientific understanding leads to developments in technology.
ESSA 2014 student survey We would like to know what you think about this science test and about science. This survey is not a test and there are no right or wrong answers. Your responses will be kept confidential so please answer as honestly as you can.
Complete this survey about science
I am interested in science.
I know about many careers that are based on science. I want to study a science subject in Years 11 and 12. Our knowledge about science is constantly changing. Science helps me to make decisions about things in my life. Science impacts on many aspects of my everyday life. Protecting the environment for the future is my responsibility. Science provides information about today’s important issues. Science helps me to understand the world around me.
Complete this survey about the test and science lessons The test was about what I learn in science class.
The test was easier than I expected.
I enjoyed doing the test.
Literacy is important in learning science.
It is important that all students learn science in Years 7 to 10. Science is the hardest subject that I learn.
In primary school, I enjoyed lessons that were about science. In secondary school, I enjoy science lessons.
Which part of the test did you like best? Choose one. Lucinda’s investigation John Dalton Antibiotics Bungeee! Go Jo! Maglev train
Guinea worms Earthquakes in Australia Burn 4 U Brian Schmidt Bt cotton tees Ediacara Hills Ununoctium Twins
Roller coaster
Why did you like this part? Choose one reason. It was interesting.It was easy to understand.It was about a familiar topic.The test items were easy.I liked the pictures in this part. I learnt something new.
Complete this survey about your school subjects
My three favourite school subjects are Aboriginal Education HistoryAgriculture Language studiesDance MathematicsDesign and technology subjects MusicDrama PDHPEEnglish ScienceGeography Visual arts subjects
Any other subjects
The three school subjects I think I learn most in are Aboriginal Education HistoryAgriculture Language studiesDance MathematicsDesign and technology subjects MusicDrama PDHPEEnglish ScienceGeography Visual arts subjects