ESS and ISIS

M. Strobl

Deputy Head of Instruments Division

ESS AB ILL WIN Mar. 2014 [email protected]

Sweden,

Denmark and Norway:

50% of construction

15-20% of operations

European partners:

50% of construction

50%

>10%

5%

Member countries will submit a formal application to establish a European Research

Infrastructure Consortium (ERIC) for ESS. The ESS ERIC will be in place in early 2015.

Introduction: ESS - the largest

European Science Project

but fixed milestones

2014 Construction work starts on the site

2009 Decision: ESS will be built in Lund

2025 ESS construction

complete

2003 First European design

effort of ESS completed

2012 ESS Design Update

phase complete

2019 First neutrons on

instruments

2023 ESS starts

user program

Introduction: ESS - the largest

European Science Project

ESS in a nutshell

ESS - Baseline parameters:

5 MW

14 Hz

2.86 ms

22 instruments (2025)

Time average flux of ILL

Cold/thermal moderators

beside each other

upgrade options: towards 42 instruments, increased brightness

How do we achieve contrast?

Contrast

Source figure-of-merit (F): peak brilliance, if the well shaped

pulses are long enough to avoid excessive resolution

F(SNS)

F(ESS)

F(ILL)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1012

1013

1014

1015

1016

1017

ILL hot source

ILL thermal source

ILL cold source

SNS SP 1.4 MW, 60 Hz

thermal moderator

coupled cold moderator

ESS LP 2 ms, 5 MW, 16.67 Hz

bi-spectral thermal - cold

Sourc

e p

eak b

rilli

ance [

n/c

m2/s

/str

/Å]

Wavelength [Å] F. Mezei, C.R. Physique 8 (2007) 909

www.sciencedirect.com

J-PARC ~ SNS

Neutron sources

0 1 2 3 time (ms)

Intensity

Long-Pulse Principle

ISIS TS1

ISIS TS2

SNS

J-Park

ILL

0 1 2 3 time (ms)

Intensity

Long-Pulse Principle

log(Intensit

y)

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

time (ms)

1

0.1

10

SNS ILL

Pulsed-source time structures cold neutrons

ISIS-

TS1 ISIS-

TS2

J-PARC ESS

long

pulse 3ms

Contrast Resolution

• Instrumentation

• Detectors

• Radiation used

• Materials examined

• Instrumentation

ODIN Optical and Diffraction

Imaging with Neutrons

M. Strobl

Instruments Division

ESS AB

> TOF facilities

Applications academic

examples

Archeology/environment/agriculture/materials/earth sci.

HZB sword artifact/PSI root growth/HZB plant water uptake/NIST hydrogen storage/PSI water in soil

> TOF facilities

ODIN

Neutron tomography is presently the only possibility to obtain information about

the three-dimensional distribution of soot and ash in a filter monolith. The esti -

mation of the soot distribution in a diesel particulate filter with neutron imaging

is possible because neutrons are highly sensitive to the element hydrogen, which

is content of soot. In order to increase the soot contrast and hence increase the

probability of soot detection, the Paul Scherrer Institute in collaboration with

the ETH Zurich have developed a gadolinium additive that can be directly add -

ed to the diesel fuel.

VISUALISING THE SOOT AND ASH

DISTRIBUTION IN DIESEL PARTICULATE

FILTERS USING NEUTRON IMAGING

DR. DIPL.- PHYS.

CHRISTIAN GRÜNZWEI G

is Project Manager for

Industrial Applications

of the Neutron Imaging

and Activation Group at

the Paul Scherrer Insti -

tute (PSI) in Villigen

(Switzerland).

DR. DIPL.-FORSTWIRT

DAVID MANNES

is Member of the Neutron

Imaging and Activation

Group at the PSI in

Villigen ( Switzerland).

DR. DIPL.- ING.

ANDERS KAESTNER

is Beam Line Scientist of

the Neutron Imaging und

Activation Group at

the PSI in Villigen

(Switzerland).

DR. DIPL.-CHEM.

MATTHIAS VOGT

is Post-Doc in

the Department of

Chemistry and Applied

Bioscience at ETH Zurich

(Switzerland).

AUTHORS

| REVIE

WED B

Y EXPERTS FROM RESEARCH AND

INDUSTRY.

|

THE S

EAL

OF

APPR

OVAL

FOR SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES IN M

TZ.

PEER REVIEWRECEIVED 2011-08-25

REVIEWED 2011-10-24

ACCEPTED 2011-12-12

RESEARCH EXHAUST GAS

56

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M. Arif

Neutron Physics Group: Physical Measurement Laboratory, NIST

Applications Industry

Examples

Transportation/environment/energy/engineering materials

PSI Diesel particulate filter / NIST fuel cells / TUM running engine

> TOF facilities

ODIN

(b)Lamor labeling

(d) Bragg edge

TOF Applications

(science drivers)

(a) Grating interferometer

0 50 100 150 200 250

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

PS/D2O 245nm; 2.2%

PS/D2O 136nm; 12.4%

rela

tive

mo

du

lati

on

am

plit

ud

e A

/A0

spin-echo length z [nm]

(c)Polarized neutrons

JAP 2009

JAP 2009

Nature com. 2010

APL 2012

Nature Phys 2008

> TOF facilities

ODIN

Science drivers

Microstructure

Strain / in-situ

Domains/grains

orientation

Bio/Soft

structures

Magnetism

SANS/diff.

This is among what we are aiming at with:

And all this with resolutions up to <10μm

> TOF facilities

ODIN

ODIN Optical and Diffraction Imaging with Neutrons

Based on the concept from:

Future prospects of imaging at

spallation neutron sources

M. Strobl NIMA 2009

46

Mult

i-P

urp

ose

Imag

ing

Energy

Magnet ism

Engineering Materials

Geoscience

Agricultural Science

Soft Matter and Biology

Cultural Heritage

Industrial Applicat ions

High resolution Multi-Purpose ImagingA unique inst rument that combines imaging with reciprocal space

techniques in a novel way. It representsa versat ile inst rument concept

using high-resolut ion at tenuat ion-based imaging as well as t ime-of-

flight neutron imaging techniques with novel capabilit ies based on

spat ially resolved scat tering effects. Thevariablechoiceof wavelength

resolut ions between 0.3% and 10% over tunable wavelength bands

combined with polarizat ion analysis opens up the possibility of highly

efficient polarized-neut ron and Bragg-diffract ion imaging as well as

dark-field imaging opt ions. The inst rument isalso capableof spat ially

resolved SANS invest igat ions.

Instrument DescriptionThe unique source characterist ics of ESS allow the inst rument to be opt imized for a large variety of neu-

t ron imaging techniques with high efficiency. The high source brightness, a bi-spect ral ext ract ion and an

opt imized neut ron guide system enable not only high resolut ion and high-speed at tenuat ion cont rast imag-

ing, but also permit the user to take advantage of corresponding energy-select ive measurements increasing

e.g. sensit ivity. The length of the inst rument , chosen to 60 m to the detector, provides sufficient wave-

length resolut ion for efficient t ime-of-flight dark-field cont rast imaging. This corresponds to measuring

small-angle scat tering where the spat ial resolut ion is determined by beam modulat ion techniques. Other

imaging modes profit from the potent ial to tune the t ime-of-flight resolut ion from 1% down to 0.3% with

a wavelength frame mult iplicat ion chopper system. It features an opt ically blind, pulse shaping, double

chopper system. In this system the variable distance of the disks, operated such that the closing of the

first disk coincides with the opening of the second disk, defines the wavelength resolut ion at the detector.

Both the separat ion of the wavelength frames (bands) as well as the choice of the wavelength band with or

without pulse suppression require addit ional choppers. The corresponding wavelength resolut ion provides

efficient polarized neut ron imaging or Bragg edge studies. The prompt pulse background is avoided by a

T0 chopper at 9m from the moderator.

Polarized neut ron imaging is based on keeping t rack of the neut ron polarizat ion as it passes through

a magnet ic field, and can be used for quant itat ive invest igat ions of magnet ic fields and st ructures with

spat ial resolut ion. Bragg edgesaresteps in the t ransmit ted total crosssect ion deriving from coherent elast ic

(Bragg) scat tering. Measuring the Bragg edge pat tern in the t ransmit ted spect rum with 1% and 0.3%

wavelength resolut ion can be ut ilised to map crystalline phases or texture and lat t ice st rains, somewhat

akin to convent ional diffract ion.

> TOF facilities

(b)Lamor labeling

(d) Bragg edge

(a) Grating interferometer

(c)Polarized neutrons

Capabilities

> TOF facilities

Flexibility/Versatility/Performance

> TOF facilities

continuous ORNL, NIST, ANSTO, TUM, ILL,…HZB, PSI..

pulsed sources SNS, JPARC, ISIS, LANL, FLNS,..

NOBORU J-PARC

e.g. VULCAN SNS EnginX &

ROTAX ISIS

Tests at:

FP5 LANL

FLNS

Neutron sources

> TOF facilities

IMAT @ ISIS STATUS OF IMAT @ ISIS

NEUWAVE-5, 20-24 April 2013 in Lund, Sweden

Winfried Kockelmann

Genoveva Burca

STFC Rutherford Appleton

Laboratory

ISIS Facility

Chilton, UK

IMAT: Imaging and Mat er ials

> TOF facilities

Source: W. Kockelmann

Diffraction

(TOF)

Energy-selective

Imaging

Phase analysis

Strain & Stress

Standard

(white-beam)

Radiography/

Tomography

Neutron Imaging

Texture

IMAT Methods

Interprete

images

Tomography

guided

diffract ion

IMAT @ ISIS

> TOF facilities


IMAT: scient i f ic and t echnological areas

Aerospace & transportation e.g. structural integrity/ component inspection / novel welding + joining technologies;

properties of novel materials; fatigue of components;

Civil engineering e.g. integrity of load-bearing structures; reinforced concrete;

rising of liquids in concrete; concrete void & density distribution;

Power generation e.g. structural integrity of pipework / pressure vessels; hydrogen embrittlement in Zr welds;

residual stresses of casts/weldings; stress relieving techniques;

Fuel and fluid cell technology e.g. water/lithium distributions in fuel cells/batteries; blockages,

sediments;

Earth sciences e.g. deformation mechanisms in polymineralic rocks; water flow in

porous media;

Archaeology & heritage science e.g. inorganic materials characterisation; fabrication techniques;

Soft matter, biomaterials, agriculture e.g. real-time distributions of water/hydrogen; water uptake in plants; TIG welding (Imperial College)

Residual Stress analysis (TWI)

IMAT @ ISIS

> TOF facilities


@12.2m

@12.75m

IMAT choppers

Double-Disk

Chopper 1

- inconel

IMAT Source: 10 Hz

Moderat or L-H2, 22K

S-CH4, 26 K

Flight path 56 m

Im aging inst rum ent

Cold moderator

Gated CCD + BET detectors

Retractable cameras

Pr im ary f l ight pat h 56 m

L: p inhole-det ector 10 m

D: p inhole sizes 80, 40, 20, 10, 5 mm

L/ D 125, 250 , 500,

1000, 2000

Spat ial resolut ion Standard: ~200 m

Minimum: 50 m

Wavelengt h

resolut ion

< 0.8%

(0.7 % at 3 )

Neut ron f lux

(L/ D=250)

4 107 neut rons/ cm2/ s

Max. f ield of v iew 200 x 200 mm2

L/D=2000

L/D=1000

L/D=500

L/D=250

IMAT @ ISIS

> TOF facilities


O53<%( 9#1?#3A9#%; ' ) %( ) #F9' ; #<%( 9#' 3#X^@@

ERNIS @ JPARC

> TOF facilities

Source: Y. Kiyanagi,

T. Shinohara

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ERNIS @ JPARC

> TOF facilities


T. Shinohara

Resonance…

energy resolved / epithermal

> TOF capabilities


T. Shinohara

Examples (proof of principle)

Energy / isotope sensitivity / temperature

W in U, A. Tremsin et al. LANL / H. Sato et al. NIMA ( 2009) / Ta foil temperature W. Kockelmann et al. ISIS / H. Sato et al. NIMA (

H. Sato, T. Kamiyama and Y. Kiyanagi, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A 605 (2009) 36.

Example: CT imaging of elements and temperature

distributions in a double layered cylinder

0.0

2.6

1.3

- 9

+ 9

0

- 9 + 90

Position x / mm

Po

siti

on

y/

mm

115I n nuclide density （×1019 cm-3）

0.00

3.70

1.85

- 9

+ 9

0

- 9 + 90

Position x / mm

Po

siti

on

y/

mm

109Ag nuclide density （×1019 cm -3）

0

180

90

- 9

+ 9

0

- 9 + 90

Position x / mm

Po

siti

on

y/

mm

115I n temperature （℃）

1 mm

4 mm

0.5 mm9 mm

I n2O 3 : 7 mg/cm3

Al2O 3 : 1 g/cm3{I n2O 3 : 14 mg/cm3

Ag2O : 36 mg/cm3

Al2O 3 : 1 g/cm3{H eater

Al

H. Sato, T. Kamiyama and Y. Kiyanagi, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A 605 (2009) 36.

Example: CT imaging of elements and temperature

distributions in a double layered cylinder

0.0

2.6

1.3

- 9

+ 9

0

- 9 + 90

Position x / mm

Po

siti

on

y/

mm

115I n nuclide density （×1019 cm-3）

0.00

3.70

1.85

- 9

+ 9

0

- 9 + 90

Position x / mm

Po

siti

on

y/

mm

109Ag nuclide density （×1019 cm -3）

0

180

90

- 9

+ 9

0

- 9 + 90

Position x / mm

Po

siti

on

y/

mm

115I n temperature （℃）

1 mm

4 mm

0.5 mm9 mm

I n2O 3 : 7 mg/cm3

Al2O 3 : 1 g/cm3{I n2O 3 : 14 mg/cm3

Ag2O : 36 mg/cm3

Al2O 3 : 1 g/cm3{H eater

Al

3) Temperature Distribution Study in Electric Motor

Interest in electric vehicle (EV) and hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is growing recently from a global

environmental issues. Magnet performance affects the propulsion motor efficiency.

Expectation to high performance motor magnet with cost performance.

Detailed information is needed for improvement, especially temperature

characteristics during the driving state related to the Curie temperature.

Neutron Resonance Absorption Spectroscopy N-RAS) is the expected method.

Nd-146 4.36eV transmission experiment for Nd magnet with

temperature variation

4) Nuclide Movement by Electromigration

Electromigration is generally considered to be the result of momentum transfer from the electrons,

which move in the applied electric field, to the ions which make up the lattice of the interconnect

material. The effect is important in applications where high direct current densities are used.

Integrated circuits (ICs), Lead-free solder alloy, Railguns, …

Analysis of mechanism, Development of high-resistant materials.

= Need for separation of a mixture of ionized substance.

Neutron Resonance Absorption Imaging is suitable.

Ag 5.19eV transmission experiment in diffusion cell

Pb-dendrite formed by electromigration

on the surface of the

flux residue.

position dependent

measurement of NR

peak intensity

$

nuclide density

distribution

7) Elemental distribution in a concrete

• Aim Serious damage due to NaCl in concrete " Visualization of distribution of NaCl in concrete and quantitative analysis

• Approach Resonance of Na at 2.8 keV

• Others Na is used on several materials (battery cell, coolant)

Na resonance imaging results

using Na-glass at J-PARC BL10

sampleNa(n,tot) by JENDL 4.0

ER= 3 keV

epithermal: energy resolved

> TOF capabilities


T. Shinohara

VENUS @ SNS

6 Managed by UT-Battelle for the U.S. Department of Ener gy Neuwave-5, Lund, Sweden, April 21-24, 2013

VENUS Layout

25 m position Future 45 m position Control Hutch

Sample preparation and storage

Beam stop

Front end optics (buried in shielding)

Moderator

> TOF facilities

VENUS:

Versatile Neutron

Imaging Instrument

at the Spallation

Neutron Source

Ken Tobin, Director Measurement Science and Systems Engineering VENUS Principal Investigator

H. Bilheux, K. Herwig, S. Keener, L. Davis, C. Geoghegan, F. Gallmeier, I. Popova

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

Source: K. Tobin


Day-1 capabilities

Conventional “white beam” neutron radiography

and tomography

Time-Of-Flight

– Neutron radiography and tomography

– Bragg edge imaging

– Energy selective imaging

– Energy resonance imaging

– Epithermal neutron imaging

VENUS @ SNS

> TOF facilities

VENUS:

Versatile Neutron

Imaging Instrument

at the Spallation

Neutron Source




Source: K. Tobin

Thank you!

Courtesy E. Lehmann, PSI

ILL WIN Mar. 2014 [email protected]

M. Strobl

Deputy Head of Instruments Division

ESS AB

/34503549#1?#3A9#%; ' ) %( ) #F9' ; #<%( 9

BL22 decoupled

moderator

Inner collimator

Rotary collimator

Disk chopper

T0 chopper

PolarizerSample area

(movable )

Imaging detector

Beam stop

Slits

Shutter

Filter

V%9<E#1?#K%9H#' ( E#̂ _Y #Field of view

maximum ~ 300mm x 300mm

L/D

1. Without collimator

Minimum L/D: 1600/10=160 at 15m

2300/10=230 at 23m.

2. With collimator

Minimum L/D~300,

Maximum L/D~3,000 or more

- 95341( #%( 39( 2%692

Neutron intensity ( I f viewing 100x100cm2 area of the moderator)

L=16m (L/D=160)

%(En<0.3eV) = 3.3 x 107 (n/cm2/s) @1MW

%(0.3eV<En<1keV) = 8.7 x 107 (n/cm2/s) @1MW

L=23m (L/D=230)

%(En<0.3eV) = 1.6 x 107 (n/cm2/s) @1MW

%(0.3eV<En<1keV) = 4.2 x 107 (n/cm2/s) @1MW

b ' K9<9( ) 3A#4921<561(

Wavel

ength

re

solu

tion

(%

)

Sample position 15m

Sample position 23 m

Neutron wavelength (A)

ERNIS @ JPARC

> TOF facilities


T. Shinohara


VENUS Layout

25 m position Future 45 m position Control Hutch

Sample preparation and storage

Beam stop

Front end optics (buried in shielding)

Moderator


Specifications

VENUS at 25 m

– Optimized design so every pixel on the detector sees 9.5 cm x 9.5 cm of the moderator face (10 cm x 12 cm)

– 20 cm x 20 cm Field Of View (FOV) with full illumination

– 28 cm x 28 cm maximum FOV (80% of full illumination)

– Three sets of apertures optimized for thermal/cold and epithermal neutrons

L/D=400 aperture at 2.55 m (for thermal/cold)

Thermal/cold aperture at 4.5 m (L/D > 400)

Epithermal aperture at 7.48 m

– No guides

– T0 and bandwidth choppers

– Room for a Bi filter

VENUS @ SNS

> TOF facilities

VENUS:

Versatile Neutron

Imaging Instrument

at the Spallation

Neutron Source




Source: K. Tobin

ESS and ISIS

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