Er.rohit’s presentation

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TOPIC

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

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TYPES OF CONSTRUCTIONS PROJECTS

• Residential building construction• Industrial construction• Commercial building construction• Heavy civil construction

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CONSTRUCTION PROCESS(PROJECT TEAM)

The design usually consists ofdrawings and specification , usually prepared by a design team including

• Surveyors, • Civil engineers, • Cost engineers (or quantity surveyor), • Mechanical engineers,• Electrical engineers, • Structural engineers,• Fire protection engineers,• Planning consultant, • Architectural consultants, and • Archaeological consultants.

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CONTENTS

• PLANNING• ESTIMATING AND COSTING • SELECTION OF SITE • SOIL INVETIGATION • EXCAVATION• LEVELLING • FOUNDATION • LAYOUT• SHUTTRING(FRAME WORK)• REINFORCEMENT• CEMENT CONCRETE

• BRICK WORK• SANATIRY FITTING• WIRING OF

ELECTRICITY• DOORS AND WINDOWS• PLASTERING • FLOORING• WHITEWASH• RELIEF TO CUSTOMERS

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• Objectives of purposes• Preliminary investigation • Method of site exploration • Depth and spacing of trial pits and

borings• Choice of method • Recording of data

SOIL INVESTIGATIONS

The study of complete soil investigation can be grouped under the following :-

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TO OBTAIN INFORMATION ABOUT THE SOIL CONDITIONS BELOW THE SURFACE, SOME FORM OF SUBSURFACE EXPLORATION IS REQUIRED. METHODS OF OBSERVING THE SOILS BELOW THE SURFACE, OBTAINING SAMPLES, AND DETERMINING PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF THE SOILS AND ROCKS INCLUDE TEST PITS, TRENCHING (PARTICULARLY FOR LOCATING FAULTS AND SLIDE PLANES, BORING, AND IN SITU TESTS.

Geotechnical investigation

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Soil investigation methods

As general guide the most suitable methods in terms of investigation depth are:

• Foundation up to3.000d-trial pits• Foundation up to 30.000d- boring• Foundation over 30.000d- deep doring an in-

siu examination from tunnels and/or deep pits

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Soil samplers Soil samples are taken using a variety of samplers; some provide only

disturbed samples, while others can provide relatively undisturbed samples

• Shovels• Trial pits• Augur (hand/machine)• Split-spoon / SPT Sampler• Modified California Sampler

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Shovel

Trial pits

Hand Augur boring

Machine augur

samplers

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Soil tests

In-situ test • standard penetration testa) dynamic Cone penetrometeb) cone penetration test

Laboratory test• Grain size• Moisture content• Specific gravity• Liquid limit• Plastic limit• Shrinkage limit• Compaction• Direct Shear• Permeability• California bearing ratio• Direct shear test• Hydrometer• Proctor compaction test• Sieve analysis• Triaxial shear test

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FOUNDAT

IONS

• Nature of foundation • Nature and amount of suprimosed loads • Nature and extent of difficulties (presence

of boulders or many things )• Availability of expertise and equipment

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Foundation before cement concrete but with in reinforcement detail

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Raft

foun

datio

n

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Stepped footing foundation (shallow foundation )

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FORM WORK(SHUTTERING)

As fresh concrete is in a plastic state when it is placed for construction purposes, so it becomes necessary to provide some temporary structure to continue and support the concrete fill it gain sufficient strength too self supporting. This is temporary structure is known as form work.

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s of f

ound

ation

Shallow foundation (D≤B)• Wall footing • Isolated or pad• Combined• Inverted• Continuous or strip• Strap or cantilever• Raft foundation

Deep foundation (D≥B)• Pile foundation • Pier foundation • Well foundation

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Types of form work(preliminary structures)

• Steel form • Moving form • Climbing form

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Form work

Braces PlanksCleatswedges

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Masonary construction walls and lintels

Masonary • Brick • Stone• Cement concrete• Glass block masonary• Composite masonary

Walls • Load bearing• Partition wall• Cavity wall• Faced wall• Party wall(separating)• Dwarf• Parapet• Monolithic• Retainig wall• Column • Pier• Buttress

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TERMS IN MASONARY• COURSE • BED• FACE• HEARTING• SIDE• JOINT• HEADER• STREACHER• BOND• SPALLS(CHIP)• CLOSER• BAT

• FROG• PLINTH• PLINTH COURSE• SILL• LINTELS• JAMBS• REVEALS• CORNICE• BLOCKING COURSE• COPING• QUEION CLOSER• KING CLOSER

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FLOORS AND FLOORS FINISHING

• BRICKS• CONCRETE HOLLOW BLOCKS • STONES• WOODEN BLOCK• CONCRETE

MATERIAL ARE USED FOR GROUND FLOORS CONSTRUCTION

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FLOOR FINISHES OR COVERING

• MUD OR MURAM• BRICKS • CONCRETE• TERRAZZO• TILES• LINOLEUM• MAGANESITE• MARBLE• STONES• WOOD OR TIMBER

• MOSAIC• ASPHALT• RUBBER• CORKE• GRASS• PLASTIC OR P.V.C

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METHOD OF FLOORING

• ?????• ????• ???• ??• ?

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Bar binding schedules.no Detail of

reinforcement

figure No of bars Length(m) Total length(m)

Cross sectional area

Weight/m Total weight

1. 8mm@300c/c 10 2355 10*2355 π/4*d2

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