www.Fisher.com Errata Sheet for The following Instruction Manuals Instruction Manual Title Form Number Date Design CP Control Valve 5373 February 2001 Design CP Control Valve with ENVIRO-SEAL Bellows Seal Bonnet 5410 November 1998 ENVIRO-SEAL Packing System for Sliding-Stem Valves 5306 December 1996 Design ED and EAD easy-e R Valves Class 125 through 600 5032 January 2001 Design EDR and ETR easy-e R Valves 5050 February 2001 Design EHAD, EHAS, and EHAT Valves 5251 February 1996 1-1/2 x 1 through 8 x 6-Inch Design EHD, EHS, and EHT Valves 5163 September 2000 8- through 14-Inch Design EHD and EHT Sliding-Stem Control Valves 5109 June 1999 Class 125 through 600 Design ES and EAS easy-e R Valves 5030 January 2001 Design ET and EAT easy-e R Valves Class 125 through 600 5081 January 2001 Design EWD, EWS, and EWT Valves through 12 x 8 Inch Size 2376 March 1998 Design EZ easy-e R Control Valve 5118 November 2001 Design EZ-C, ET-C, and EWT-C Cryogenic Sliding-Stem Control Valves 5376 July 2001 Design HP and HPA Control Valve 5299 November 2000 Design YD, YS, and YSC 3-Way Valves 5003 February 2001 Design 1018S Sliding-Stem Valve Sizes DN 15-25-40-50-80-100 (1/2, 1-1/2, 2, 3, and 4-Inch) 5420 June 1997 This errata sheet provides information on ENVIRO-SEAL Graphite ULF packing systems. See tables 2 and 3 and figure 2 for identification of components in this packing system. Description ENVIRO-SEAL Graphite ULF packing systems are available for Fisher easy-e, EH, HP, YD, YS, and CP valves with 9.5, 12.7, 15.9, 19.1, 25.4, and 31.8 mm (3/8, 1/2, 5/8, 3/4, 1, and 1-1/4 inch) diameter valve stems and Design 1018S valves with 12 and16 mm valve stems. Installation Installation of ENVIRO-SEAL Graphite ULF packing systems is similar to installation of ENVIRO-SEAL Graphite packing systems for easy-e, EH, HP, YD, YS, CP, or 1018S valves. Follow the appropriate warnings, notes, and instructions as shown in the ENVIRO-SEAL Packing System for Sliding-Stem Valves instruction manual. Errata Sheet March 2002 ENVIRO-SEAL R Graphite ULF
52
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Errata Sheet ENVIRO-SEAL Graphite ULF · Errata Sheet ENVIRO-SEAL Graphite ULF March 2002 3 Table 2. Packing Kits for easy-e, EH, HP, YD, and YS Valves STEM SIZE DIAMETER mm Inch
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Transcript
www.Fisher.com
Errata Sheetfor
The following Instruction Manuals
Instruction Manual Title Form Number Date
Design CP Control Valve 5373 February 2001
Design CP Control Valve with ENVIRO-SEAL Bellows Seal Bonnet 5410 November 1998
ENVIRO-SEAL Packing System for Sliding-Stem Valves 5306 December 1996
Design ED and EAD easy-e� Valves Class 125 through 600 5032 January 2001
Design EDR and ETR easy-e� Valves 5050 February 2001
Design EHAD, EHAS, and EHAT Valves 5251 February 1996
1-1/2 x 1 through 8 x 6-Inch Design EHD, EHS, and EHT Valves 5163 September 2000
8- through 14-Inch Design EHD and EHT Sliding-Stem Control Valves 5109 June 1999
Class 125 through 600 Design ES and EAS easy-e� Valves 5030 January 2001
Design ET and EAT easy-e� Valves Class 125 through 600 5081 January 2001
Design EWD, EWS, and EWT Valves through 12 x 8 Inch Size 2376 March 1998
Design EZ easy-e� Control Valve 5118 November 2001
Design EZ-C, ET-C, and EWT-C Cryogenic Sliding-Stem Control Valves 5376 July 2001
Design HP and HPA Control Valve 5299 November 2000
Design YD, YS, and YSC 3-Way Valves 5003 February 2001
This errata sheet provides information onENVIRO-SEAL Graphite ULF packing systems. Seetables 2 and 3 and figure 2 for identification ofcomponents in this packing system.
DescriptionENVIRO-SEAL Graphite ULF packing systems areavailable for Fisher easy-e, EH, HP, YD, YS, andCP valves with 9.5, 12.7, 15.9, 19.1, 25.4, and 31.8mm (3/8, 1/2, 5/8, 3/4, 1, and 1-1/4 inch) diametervalve stems and Design 1018S valves with 12 and16mm valve stems.
InstallationInstallation of ENVIRO-SEAL Graphite ULF packingsystems is similar to installation of ENVIRO-SEALGraphite packing systems for easy-e, EH, HP, YD,YS, CP, or 1018S valves. Follow the appropriatewarnings, notes, and instructions as shown in theENVIRO-SEAL Packing System for Sliding-StemValves instruction manual.
Errata SheetMarch 2002 ENVIRO-SEAL� Graphite ULF
ENVIRO-SEAL� Graphite ULFErrata Sheet
March 2002
2
Table 1. Graphite ULF Packing Torque
VALVE STEM SIZE TORQUEVALVETYPE mm Inch N�m Ibf�in Ibf�ft
Tightening ProcedureTo obtain the target load of 85% compression ofmaximum deflection, perform the following:
� Tighten the packing flange nuts alternately andevenly, keeping the packing flange parallel with thevalve flange, until the Belleville springs arecompressed 100% (or completely flat), as detectedby a rapid increase in nut torque. Refer to theinstruction manual for ENVIRO-SEAL packingsystems for sliding stem valves if you need furtherassistance.
� For graphite ULF packing, loosen each packingflange nut 1/4 turn (90 degrees rotation).
The ‘‘target load’’ of 85% compression has nowbeen reached.
1. The “springs flat” procedure described above isthe preferred method of adjusting ENVIRO-SEALGraphite ULF packing. However, the torque valuesin table 1 can also be used as a guideline for 85%spring compression. These values are based ongenerous lubrication of the packing studs and nutswith Never-Seez lubricant. Loosening of the packingflange nuts is not required when these torques areused.
2. Refer to the appropriate valve and actuatorinstruction manuals when connecting the valve tothe actuator. Under normal conditions, the packingnuts should not require re-tightening.
Figure 1. Belleville Spring Stacking Order for ENVIRO-SEAL Graphite ULF
(Same as for ENVIRO-SEAL Graphite)
A6144/IL
9 SPRINGS
PACKINGFOLLOWER
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10 SPRINGS
PACKINGFOLLOWER
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9 SPRINGS
PACKINGFOLLOWER
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Note
Fisher does not assume responsibilityfor the selection, use, or maintenanceof any product. Responsibility forproper selection, use, andmaintenance of any Fisher productremains solely with the purchaser.
Parts List
Refer to the appropriate table for part numbers.
ENVIRO-SEAL� Graphite ULFErrata SheetMarch 2002
3
Table 2. Packing Kits for easy-e, EH, HP, YD, and YS ValvesSTEM SIZE DIAMETER
Fisher Marshalltown, Iowa 50158 USACernay 68700 France Sao Paulo 05424 BrazilSingapore 128461
The contents of this publication are presented for informational purposes only, and while every effort has been made to ensure their accuracy,they are not to be construed as warranties or guarantees, express or implied, regarding the products or services described herein or their useor applicability. We reserve the right to modify or improve the designs or specifications of such products at any time without notice.
Fisher does not assume responsibility for the selection, use or maintenance of any product. Responsibility for proper selection, use and maintenance of any Fisher product remains solely with the purchaser.
�Fisher Controls International, Inc. 2002; All Rights Reserved
easy-e, ENVIRO-SEAL, and Fisher are marks owned by Fisher Controls International, Inc., a business of Emerson Process Management.The Emerson logo is a trademark and service mark of Emerson Electric Co. All other marks are the property of their respective owners.This product may be covered by one or more of the following patents: 5,129,625; 5,131,666; 5,056,757; 5,230,498; and 5,299,812 or underpending patents.
Emerson Process Management
www.Fisher.com
www.Fisher.com
D10
0394
X01
2
1-1/2 x 1 through 8 x 6-InchDesign EHD, EHS, and EHT ValvesContents
Scope of ManualThis instruction manual includes installation,maintenance, and parts information for the DesignEHD, EHS, and EHT control valves in 1-1/2x1through 8x6-inch sizes. Refer to separate manualsfor instructions covering the actuator, positioner,HIGH-SEAL� packing, and accessories.
Only personnel qualified through training orexperience should install, operate, and maintain the
Figure 1. EH Series Valve with Type 657 Actuator
W3387 / IL
Design EHD, EHS, or EHT valve. If you have anyquestions about these instructions, contact yourFisher sales office before proceeding.
DescriptionThe Design EHD, EHS, and EHT high-pressureglobe valves (figure 1) have metal seats, cageguiding, and push-down-to-close valve plug action.The Design EHD and EHT valves use balancedvalve plugs.
Instruction ManualForm 5163March 2002 Design EH (1-1/2 x 1 through 8 x 6)
Design EH (1-1/2 x 1 through 8 x 6)Instruction Manual
Form 5163March 2002
2
Table 1. Specifications
End Connection Styles
Buttwelding: All available ASME B16.25schedules that are compatible with ASME B16.34pressure/temperature ratingsFlanged: ANSI Class � 900, � 1500, or � 2500� ring-type joint (RTJ) or � raised-face (RF)flanges according to ASME B16.5Socket Welding: Consistent with ASME B16.11
Maximum Inlet Pressure(1)
Buttwelding: Consistent with Class 1500 or 2500pressure-temperature ratings per ASME B16.34Flanged: Consistent with Class 900, 1500, and2500 pressure-temperature ratings per ASME B16.34Socket Welding: Consistent with Class 1500 and2500 pressure-temperature ratings per ASME B16.34
Shutoff Classifications
See table 2C-seal trim: High-temperature, Class V. See table 3TSO (Tight Shutoff) trim: See tables 4 and 5
Flow Characteristic
Standard Cage: � Equal percentage,� modified equal percentage(2), � or linearCavitrol� III or Whisper Trim� III Cage: Linear
Flow Direction
Design EHD or EHT: Flow down, except witheither a Whisper Trim III cage or a valve plug withdiverter cone, both of which are flow upDesign EHS: Flow up, except flow down withCavitrol III cage
Approximate Weights (Valve Body and BonnetAssemblies)
See table 6
Additional Specifications
For specifications such as materials, valve plugtravels, and port, yoke boss, and stem diameters,see the Parts List section
1. The pressure or temperature limits in this manual and any applicable standard limitations should not be exceeded.2. Modified equal percentage characteristic is equal-percentage for the first 90% of travel, then quick-opening for additional capacity.
The Design EHS valve uses an unbalanced valveplug. To provide a seal between the cage and abalanced valve plug, the Design EHD valve pluguses piston rings; the Design EHT valve plug uses apressure-assisted seal ring. A Whisper Trim cagecan be used with a Design EHD, EHS, or EHT valveplug. A Cavitrol III cage can be used with a DesignEHS or EHT valve plug.
C-seal trim is available for Design EHD valves, class2500, in sizes 4, 6, 6x4, and 8x6.
With C-seal trim, a balanced valve can achievehigh-temperature, Class V shutoff. Because theC-seal plug seal is formed from metal (N07718nickel alloy, Inconel 718) rather than an elastomer,avalve equipped with the C-seal trim can be appliedin processes with a fluid temperature of up to 593�C(1100�F), provided other material limits are notexceeded.
Table 2. Shutoff Classifications per ANSI/FCI 70-2 and IEC 60534-4
Table 6. Approximate Weights (Valve Body andBonnet Assemblies)
CLASS 1500 CLASS 2500
VALVE Kilograms Pounds Kilograms PoundsSIZE,
INCHES FlgSWE
&BWE
FlgSWE
&BWE
FlgSWE
&BWE
FlgSWE
&BWE
1-1/2x1 - - - 40 - - - 89 - - - 46 - - - 101
2x1 61 41 134 90 78 47 173 104
3x2 121 85 267 187 161 94 355 207
3 - - - - - - - - - - - - 223 163 492 359
4x3 - - - - - - - - - - - - 265 162 585 357
4 - - - - - - - - - - - - 338 243 745 536
6x4 - - - - - - - - - - - - 526 257 1160 567
6 - - - - - - - - - - - - 785 544 1731 1199
8x6 - - - - - - - - - - - - 955 558 2106 1231
Installation
WARNING
Always wear protective gloves,clothing, and eyewear whenperforming any installation operationsto avoid personal injury.
To avoid personal injury or propertydamage resulting from the suddenrelease of pressure, do not install thevalve assembly where serviceconditions could exceed the limitsgiven in this manual or on theappropriate nameplates. Usepressure-relieving devices as requiredby government or accepted industrycodes and good engineering practices.
CAUTION
The valve configuration andconstruction materials were selectedto meet particular pressure,temperature, pressure drop, andcontrolled fluid conditions specified inthe customer’s order. Because somebody/trim material combinations arelimited in their pressure drop andtemperature range capabilities(especially due to differences inthermal expansion rates), do not applyany other conditions to the valvewithout first contacting your Fishersales office.
Design EH (1-1/2 x 1 through 8 x 6)Instruction Manual
Form 5163March 2002
4
CAUTION
If hoisting the valve, use a nylon slingto protect the painted surfaces.Carefully position the sling to preventdamage to the tubing or anyaccessories. Also, take precautions toprevent personnel from being injuredin case the hoist or rigging slipsunexpectedly. Refer to table 6 for valveassembly weights. Using adequatelysized hoists and chains or slings tohandle the valve is important.
1. Before installing the valve, inspect it to ensurethat the valve body cavity is free of foreign material.
2. Clean out all pipelines to remove scale, weldingslag, and other foreign materials before installing thevalve.
Note
If the valve being installed has smallinternal flow passages, such as withWhisper Trim III or Cavitrol III cages,consideration should be given toinstalling an upstream strainer toprevent the lodging of particles inthese passages. This is especiallyimportant if the pipeline cannot bethoroughly cleaned or if the flowingmedium is not clean.
3. The control valve must be installed with theactuator vertical above the valve body for properoperation. Flow through the valve must be in thedirection indicated by the flow arrow (key 15, figure17, 18, or 19) on the valve body.
4. Use accepted piping and welding practices wheninstalling the valve in the line. For welding end valvebodies, completely disassemble the valve removingall trim parts before welding the valve body in theline. For flanged valve bodies, use suitable gasketsbetween the valve body flanges and pipelineflanges.
Note
Depending on valve body materialsused, post-weld heat treating might beneeded. Post-weld heat treatment candamage internal elastomeric, plastic,and metal parts. Shrunk-fit pieces andthreaded connections might loosen. Ingeneral, if post-weld heat treating is
Figure 2. Lubricator and Lubricator/Isolating Valve
needed, remove all trim parts. Contactyour Fisher sales office for additionalinformation.
5. Install a three-valve bypass around the valve ifcontinuous operation is required duringmaintenance.
6. If the actuator and valve body are shippedseparately, refer to the actuator mounting procedurein the appropriate actuator instruction manual.
WARNING
Personal injury could result frompacking leakage. Valve packing wastightened prior to shipment; howeversome readjustment will be required tomeet specific service conditions.
7. If the valve was shipped without packing installedin the packing box, install the packing before puttingthe valve into service. Refer to instructions given inthe Packing Maintenance procedure.
MaintenanceValve parts are subject to normal wear and must beinspected and replaced as necessary. Inspectionand maintenance frequency depends on the severityof service conditions. This section includesinstructions for packing lubrication, packingmaintenance, adding packing rings, replacingpacking, trim removal, valve plug maintenance,lapping seats, and trim replacement. All
Design EH (1-1/2 x 1 through 8 x 6)Instruction ManualForm 5163March 2002
5
maintenance operations can be performed with thevalve in the line.
Because of the care Fisher takes in meeting allmanufacturing requirements (heat treating,dimensional tolerances, etc.) use only replacementparts manufactured or furnished by Fisher.
WARNING
Avoid personal injury from suddenrelease of process pressure. Beforeperforming any maintenanceoperations:
� Always wear protective gloves,clothing, and eyewear whenperforming any maintenanceoperations to avoid personal injury.
� Disconnect any operating linesproviding air pressure, electric power,or a control signal to the actuator. Besure the actuator cannot suddenlyopen or close the valve.
� Use bypass valves or completelyshut off the process to isolate thevalve from process pressure. Relieveprocess pressure on both sides of thevalve. Drain the process media fromboth sides of the valve.
� Vent the power actuator loadingpressure and relieve any actuatorspring precompression.
� Use lock-out procedures to besure that the above measures stay ineffect while you work on theequipment.
� The valve packing box maycontain process fluids that arepressurized, even when the valve hasbeen removed from the pipeline.Process fluids may spray out underpressure when removing the packinghardware or packing rings, or whenloosening the packing box pipe plug.
Table 7. Recommended Torque for Packing Flange Nuts
STEM VALVE TORQUESTEMDIAMETER
VALVEBODY N�m Lbf�Ft
mm InchesBODY
RATING Min Max Min Max
Class 1500 15 22 11 1612.7 1/2
Class 2500 18 24 13 18
Class 1500 34 50 25 3719.1 3/4
Class 2500 41 61 30 45
Class 1500 52 77 38 5725.4 1
Class 2500 61 91 45 67
Class 1500 68 102 50 7531.8 1-1/4
Class 2500 81 122 60 90
Note
Whenever a gasket seal is disturbedby removing or shifting gasketedparts, a new gasket should be installedupon reassembly. This is necessary toensure a good gasket seal.
Note
If the valve has HIGH-SEAL heavy-dutylive-loaded packing installed, seeFisher instruction manual entitledHIGH-SEAL Live-Loaded PackingSystem’ for packing instructions.
Packing Lubrication
Note
To avoid lubricants breaking down atelevated temperatures, do notlubricate packing used in processeswith temperatures over 260�C (500�F).
A lubricator or lubricator/isolating valve (figure 2) isrecommended for PTFE-composition packing. Thelubricator or lubricator/isolating valve is installed inplace of the pipe plug (key 14, figure 15). It isrecommended that a good quality silicon-baselubricant be used. To operate the lubricator, simplyturn the cap screw clockwise to force lubricant intothe packing box. The lubricator/isolating valveoperates the same way except the isolating valvemust first be opened and then closed afterlubrication is completed.
Design EH (1-1/2 x 1 through 8 x 6)Instruction Manual
Form 5163March 2002
6
Table 8. Torque for Body-to-Bonnet Bolting Using Nickel Never Seez Lubricant
VALVE VALVE TORQUEVALVESIZE,
VALVEBODY N�m Lbf�FtSIZE,
INCHESBODY
RATING B7, B16, BD and 660 Studs B8 and B8M Studs B7, B16, BD and 660 Studs B8 and B8M Studs
Class 1500 163 122 120 901, 1-1/2x1, 2x1
Class 2500 258 195 190 140
Class 1500 258 195 190 1402, 3x2
Class 2500 380 285 280 210
Class 1500 556 420 410 3103, 4x3
Class 2500 786 597 580 440
Class 1500 786 597 580 4404, 6x4
Class 2500 1058 800 780 590
Class 1500 1383 1044 1020 7706, 8x6
Class 2500 2807 2102 2070 1550
Figure 3. Packing Arrangements
UPPER WIPER (KEY 12)
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12A8160-A
PACKING FOLLOWER(KEY 13)
FEMALE ADAPTOR(KEY 32)
V-RING (KEY 7)
MALE ADAPTOR(KEY 31)
WASHER (KEY 10)
SPRING (KEY 8)
PACKING BOX RING(KEY 11)
LOWER WIPER(KEY 30)
PACKING FOLLOWER(KEY 13)
PACKING BOX RING(KEY 11)
GRAPHITE RIBBONPACKING RING (KEY 7)
GRAPHITE FILAMENTPACKING RING (KEY 7)
LANTERN RING(KEY 8)
KEY 6
14A3412-C
1
2
3
1
1
PACKING FOLLOWER(KEY 13)
PACKING BOX RING(KEY 11)
GRAPHITE RIBBONPACKING RING (KEY 7)
GRAPHITE FILAMENTPACKING RING (KEY 7)
LANTERN RING(KEY 8)
2
UPPER WIPER (KEY 12)
PACKING FOLLOWER(KEY 13)
V-RING (KEY 7)
MALE ADAPTOR(KEY 31)
LANTERN RING(KEY 8)
PACKING BOX RING(KEY 11)
LOWER WIPER(KEY 30)
KEY 6
3
FEMALE ADAPTOR(KEY 32)
UPPER WIPER (KEY 12)
PACKING FOLLOWER(KEY 13)
LANTERN RING(KEY 8)
PACKING BOX RING(KEY 11)
PACKING RING(KEY 7)
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12A7839-ASht 1
14A3414-C12A8163-A
NOTES:
0.102 mm (0.004 INCH) THICK SACRIFICIAL ZINC WASHERS.
USE ONLY ONE BELOW EACH GRAPHITE RIBBON RING.
HAS THE APPEARANCE OF A WOVEN OR BRAIDED RING.
INCLUDED IN KEY 6 PACKING SET.
1 2
3C0637-1 / IL
Design EH (1-1/2 x 1 through 8 x 6)Instruction ManualForm 5163March 2002
7
Packing MaintenanceIf there is undesirable packing leakage inspring-loaded PTFE V-ring packing (figure 3), tightenthe packing flange nuts (key 5, figure 15) until theshoulder on the packing follower (key 13, figure 15)contacts the bonnet (key 1, figure 15). If leakagecontinues, replace the packing by following thenumbered steps presented in the Replacing Packingprocedure.
If there is undesirable packing leakage with otherthan spring-loaded PTFE V-ring packing, first try tolimit the leakage and establish a stem seal bytightening the packing flange nuts (key 5, figure 15)to at least the minimum recommended torque intable 7. However, do not exceed the maximumrecommended torque in table 7 or excessive frictionmay result. If leakage continues, replace the packingby following the numbered steps presented in theReplacing Packing procedure.
If the packing is relatively new and tight on the valveplug stem, and if tightening the packing flange nutsdoes not stop the leakage, it is possible that thestem is worn or nicked so that a seal cannot bemade. The surface finish of a stem is critical formaking a good packing seal. If the leakage comesfrom the outside diameter of the packing, it ispossible that the leakage is caused by nicks orscratches around the packing box wall. Whilereplacing the packing according to the ReplacingPacking procedure, inspect the valve plug stem andpacking box wall for nicks or scratches.
Replacing PackingKey numbers referred to in this procedure are shownin figure 15 unless otherwise indicated.
1. Isolate the control valve from the line pressure,release pressure from both sides of the valve body,and drain the process media from both sides of thevalve.
Remove the cap screws in the stem connector, andseparate the two halves of the stem connector. Thenexhaust all actuator pressure, if any was applied,and disconnect the actuator supply and any leakoffpiping.
2. Remove either the yoke locknut (key 15) or thehex nuts (key 26), and remove the actuator from thebonnet (key 1).
3. Loosen the packing flange nuts (key 5) so thatthe packing is not tight on the valve plug stem (key4, figure 17, 18, or 19). Remove any travel indicatordisk and stem locknuts from the valve plug stemthreads.
CAUTION
When lifting the bonnet (key 1), besure that the valve plug and stemassembly (keys 3 and 4, figure 17, 18,or 19) remains on the seat ring (key 6,figure 17, 18, or 19). This avoidsdamage to the seating surfaces as aresult of the assembly dropping fromthe bonnet after being lifted part wayout. The parts are also easier to handleseparately.Use care to avoid damaging gasketsealing surfaces.The Design EHD piston rings (key 8,figure 17) are brittle and in two pieces.Avoid damaging the piston rings bydropping or rough handling.
WARNING
If the cage adheres to the bonnet asthe bonnet is lifted, secure the cage tothe bonnet so that it will not causepersonal injury or equipment damageshould it fall unexpectedly.
4. Unscrew the hex nuts (key 14, figure 17, 18, or19) and carefully lift the bonnet off the valve stem. Ifthe valve plug and stem assembly starts to lift withthe bonnet, use a brass or lead hammer on the endof the stem and tap it back down. Set the bonnet ona cardboard or wooden surface to prevent damageto the bonnet gasket surface.5. Remove the valve plug (key 3, figure 17, 18, or19), the cage (key 2, figure 17, 18, or 19), and thetop and bottom cage gaskets (key 11, figure 17, 18,or 19).
CAUTION
All residual gasket material must beremoved from the the cage gasketsurfaces. If the gasket surfaces arescored or damaged during thisprocess, smooth them by handsanding with 360 grit paper using long,sweeping strokes. Failure to removeall residual gasket material and/orburrs from the gasket surfaces willresult in leakage.
6. Clean all gasket surfaces with a good qualitydegreaser. Remove all residual tin or silver from allgasket surfaces.
Design EH (1-1/2 x 1 through 8 x 6)Instruction Manual
Form 5163March 2002
8
7. Cover the opening in the valve body to protectthe gasket surface and to prevent foreign materialfrom getting into the valve body cavity.
8. Remove the packing flange nuts (key 5), packingflange (key 3), upper wiper (key 12), and packingfollower (key 13, figures 3 and 15). Carefully pushout all the remaining packing parts from the valveside of the bonnet using a rounded rod or other toolthat will not scratch the packing box wall. Forextension bonnets, also remove the baffle (key 2)and retaining ring (key 35).
9. Clean the packing box and the following metalpacking parts: packing follower (key 13), packingbox ring (key 11), spring or lantern ring (key 8,figures 3 and 15), and, for single arrangements ofPTFE V-ring packing only, special washer (key 10,figures 3 and 15).
10. Inspect the valve stem threads for any sharpedges that might cut the packing. A whetstone oremery cloth may be used to smooth the threads ifnecessary.
11. Remove the protective covering from the valvebody cavity. Using new top and bottom cage gaskets(key 11, figure 17, 18, or 19), place the cage into thevalve body. Be sure the cage lugs are engaged inthe corresponding recesses of the seat ring retainer.Turn the cage clockwise until the lugs contact theseat ring retainer. Install the plug, then slide thebonnet over the stem and onto the studs (key 13,figure 17, 18, or 19).
Note
The prelubricated hex nuts (key 14,figure 17, 18, or 19) referred to in step12 can be identified by a black filmcoating on the nut threads.
The proper bolting procedures in step12 include—but are not limitedto—ensuring that the bonnet studthreads are clean, and that the hexnuts are evenly tightened to thespecified torque values.
CAUTION
Failure to comply with goodbonnet-to-body bolting practices andthe torque values shown in table 8 mayresult in cage crushing, cage diameterreduction, and/or bonnet deformation.
Figure 4. Installing Graphite Ribbon/FilamentPacking Rings One at a Time
VALVE STEM
PACKING FOLLOWER
BONNET
TOP OF PACKINGRING EVEN WITHBOTTOM OF ENTRANCECHAMFER
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A2207-2 / IL
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Cheater bars or slug wrenches shouldnot be used for this procedure.
Hot torquing is not recommended.
12. Lubricate the stud threads and the faces of thehex nuts (key 14, figure 17, 18, or 19) withNever-Seez Pure Nickel Special lubricant orequivalent (not necessary if new factoryprelubricated hex nuts are used). Replace thewashers and hex nuts but do not tighten them.Torque the nuts in a crisscross pattern to no morethan 1/4 of the nominal torque value specified intable 8. When all nuts are tightened to that torquevalue, increase the torque by 1/4 of the specifiednominal torque and repeat the crisscross pattern.Repeat this procedure until all nuts are tightened tothe specified nominal value. Apply the final torquevalue again and, if any nut still turns, tighten everynut again.
Note
If graphite ribbon/filament packingrings are used, special proceduresmust be observed to prevententrapping air between the rings. Addthe rings one at a time without forcingthem below the chamfer of the packingbox entrance chamber. As eachsuccessive ring is added, the stackshould not be pushed down more thanthe thickness of the added ring (figure 4).
13. Install new packing and the metal packing boxparts according to the appropriate arrangement infigure 3. If desired, packing parts may bepre-lubricated with a silicon base grease for easierinstallation. Slip a smooth-edged pipe over the valve
Design EH (1-1/2 x 1 through 8 x 6)Instruction ManualForm 5163March 2002
9
stem, and gently tamp each soft packing part intothe packing box, being sure that air is not trappedbetween adjacent soft parts. For a valve withextension bonnet, also install the baffle and retainingrings (keys 2 and 35).
14. Slide the packing follower, wiper, and packingflange into position. Lubricate the packing flangestuds (key 4) and the faces of the packing flangenuts (key 5). Replace the packing flange nuts.
For spring-loaded PTFE V-ring packing, tightenthe packing flange nuts until the shoulder on thepacking follower (key 13) contacts the bonnet.
For other packing types, tighten the packing flangenuts to the maximum recommended torque shown intable 7. Then, loosen the packing flange nuts, andretighten them to the recommended minimum torqueshown in table 7.
15. Mount the actuator on the valve body assembly,and reconnect the actuator and valve plug stemsaccording to the procedures in the appropriateactuator instruction manual.
Trim RemovalFor C-seal construction, see the appropriateC-seal sections in this instruction manual.
Trim removal and replacement requires the use of aseat ring retainer tool (key 25). If specificallyordered, a tool is supplied with a valve; but, the toolcan also be ordered separately by referencing thetool part number in the Parts List. If desired, a toolcan also be machined for a valve of specific size andvalve class using the dimensions shown in figure 7.Machine the tool from a material listed in figure 7 orfrom a material with a yield strength of at least 827MPa (120,000 psi). Using a tool of lower strengthmaterial may result in damage to the seat ringretainer or valve body threads.
Key numbers referenced in this procedure areshown in figure 17 for the Design EHD valve, figure18 for the Design EHS valve, and figure 19 for theDesign EHT valve except where indicated.
1. Remove the actuator and bonnet by followingsteps 1 through 4 of the Replacing Packingprocedure. Observe all warnings and cautions.
2. Lift the valve stem and attached valve plug out ofthe valve body. If the valve plug is to be reused, tapeor otherwise protect the valve plug stem and thevalve plug seating surface to prevent scratches.
3. Lift out the cage (key 2) and the top and bottomcage gaskets (key 11). For a valve with Cavitrol III
two-or three-stage cage, also remove the O-ring(key 26, figure 20) that fits between the cage and theseat ring (key 6).
Constructions other than TSO trim1. Use the seat ring retainer tool (figure 7) toremove the seat ring retainer (key 7) as follows:
a. Insert the tool into the valve body. Be certainthe tool lugs are engaged in the correspondingrecesses in the retainer.
b. Use a power torque wrench or driver havingtorque capabilities equal to or greater than thoseshown in table 9. Connect the torque wrench toan extension if necessary. The tool or extensionmust snugly fit the square hole in the seat ringretainer tool. Refer to figure 7 for square holesizes.
c. Insert the tool or extension into the squarehole in the seat ring retainer tool.
d. Use the bonnet studs (key 13) to prevent apower torque wrench from rotating.
CAUTION
Hold the torque wrench or driver atright angles to the seat ring retainerwhen applying torque. Tilting the toolor extension while applying torquemay cause the lugs on the seat ringretainer tool to suddenly disengagefrom the recesses in the retainer,damaging the retainer and seat ring.
e. Unscrew and remove the seat ring retainer.
2. Remove the seat ring (key 6) and the seat ringgasket or O-ring (key 12).
3. Refer to the Valve Plug Maintenance procedureor to the Lapping Seats procedure.
TSO TrimRefer to figure 6.
1. Remove the retainer, backup ring, anti-extrusionrings, and piston ring.
2. Remove the set screws that lock the outer plug tothe inner plug.
3. Using a strap wrench or similar tool, unscrew theouter plug from the inner plug. Do not damage theouter plug guide surfaces.
Design EH (1-1/2 x 1 through 8 x 6)Instruction Manual
Form 5163March 2002
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Figure 5. Detail of Protected Soft Seat
INNER PLUG
OUTER PLUG
CAGE
SEAT RING
PROTECTED SOFT SEAT
A7088 / IL
4. Remove the protected soft seat seal (see figure 5).
5. Inspect the parts for damage and replace if needed.
6. Refer to the Valve Plug Maintenance procedureor to the Lapping Seats procedure.
Valve Plug MaintenanceKey numbers used in this procedure are shown infigure 17 for the Design EHD valve, in figure 18 forthe Design EHS valve, and in figure 19 for theDesign EHT valve.
1. With the valve plug (key 3) removed according tothe Trim Removal procedure, proceed asappropriate:
For the Design EHD valve, the piston rings (key 8)are each in two sections; remove the sections fromthe grooves in the valve plug.
For the Design EHS valve, proceed to step 2.
For the Design EHT valve, work the retaining ring(key 10) off the valve plug with a screwdriver.Carefully slide the backup ring and seal ring (keys 9
and 8) off the valve plug. For a 6-inch valve with alevel D Whisper Trim III cage, also remove thepiston ring (key 30) from the grooves in the valveplug.
2. To replace the valve plug stem (key 4), drive outthe pin (key 5), and unscrew the stem from the valveplug.
CAUTION
Never reuse an old stem with a newvalve plug. Using an old stem with anew plug requires drilling a new pinhole in the stem. This weakens thestem and may cause the stem to fail inservice. If a new valve plug is required,always order a valve plug, stem, andpin as an assembly. Specify thecorrect part number of each of thethree parts, but state that the parts arebeing ordered as an assembly.
Design EH (1-1/2 x 1 through 8 x 6)Instruction ManualForm 5163March 2002
11
Figure 6. Typical Balanced TSO Trim
VALVE PLUGSEAL
PROTECTEDSOFT SEAT
A7096 / IL
A used valve plug may be reused witha new stem. An exception is theCavitrol III plug/stem assembly whichmust be ordered and replaced as aunit.
3. Thread the new stem into the valve plug andtighten it to the appropriate torque value given intable 10. Using the valve plug pin hole as a guide,drill the pin hole through the stem. Refer to table 10for drill sizes.
4. Drive in the pin to lock the assembly.
5. If it is necessary to lap the seating surfaces,complete the Lapping Seats procedure beforeinstalling the Design EHD piston rings or the DesignEHT seal ring. The Trim Replacement procedureprovides piston ring and seal ring installationinstructions and valve reassembly instructions.
Lapping SeatsKey numbers referenced in this procedure areshown in figure 17 for the Design EHD valve, infigure 18 for the Design EHS valve, and in figure 19for the Design EHT valve unless otherwise indicated.
Seating surfaces of the valve plug (key 3) and theseat ring (key 6) can be lapped for improved shutoff.Use a good quality lapping compound with a mixturethat contains 280 to 600 grit. Apply the compound tothe bottom of the valve plug. Use the followingprocedure to lap the seating surfaces.
1. Install the following parts according to theinstructions presented in the Trim Replacementprocedure: seat ring gasket or O-ring (key 12), seatring (key 6), seat ring retainer (key 7), cage (key 2),cage gaskets (key 11), and if used, the O-ring (key26, figure 20).
2. Proceed as appropriate:
For a Design EHD or EHT valve, install the valveplug and stem assembly (keys 3 and 4)—withoutpiston rings or seal ring (keys 8 and 30)—into thecage.
For a Design EHS valve, install the valve plug andstem assembly (keys 3 and 4) into the cage.
3. Install the bonnet (key 1, figure 15) over the valvestem, and secure the bonnet with four of the hexnuts (key 14).
4. Attach a handle, such as a piece of strap ironsecured by stem locknuts, to the valve stem. Rotatethe handle alternately in each direction to lap theseats.
Note
To preserve the effects of lapping, donot change either the position of theseat ring in the valve body cavity orthe position of the cage on the seatring after lapping the seating surfaces.If possible, clean the parts withoutdisturbing their positions. If the partsmust be removed for cleaning, returnthem to the original positions.
5. After lapping, again disassemble as necessary,clean the seating surfaces, reassemble, and test forshutoff. Repeat the lapping procedure if necessary.
Figure 7. Information for Machining and Use of Seat Ring Retainer Tool
DIM E
DIM GDIM F
1/16 R
DIA D
DIA C
125DIM HCHAM
DIA A
DIA B
3/4 MIN1-5/8 MAX
DIM J2 LUGS EQUALLY SPACED
DIM K
STUD BOLT
SEAT RING
SEAT RINGRETAINER
SEAT RINGRETAINER TOOL
TOOL LUG
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Design EH (1-1/2 x 1 through 8 x 6)Instruction Manual
Form 5163March 2002
12
VALVE VALVE TOOL DIMENSIONSVALVESIZE,
VALVERATING, mm InchesSIZE,
INCHESRATING,CLASS A B C D(1) E F G H J(1) K A B C D(1) E F G H J(1) K
1500 57.2 31.8 41.154.451.9
120.7 11.2 7.9 11.212.412.2
19.1 2.25 1.25 1.622.1402.120
4.75 0.44 0.31 0.440.490.48
0.751-1/2 x 1
2500 50.8 31.8 34.146.445.9
111.3 11.2 7.9 11.212.412.2
19.1 2.00 1.25 1.341.8271.807
4.38 0.44 0.31 0.440.490.48
0.75
1500 57.2 31.8 41.154.451.9
120.7 11.2 7.9 11.212.412.2
19.1 2.25 1.25 1.622.1402.120
4.75 0.44 0.31 0.440.490.48
0.752 x 1
2500 50.8 31.8 34.146.445.9
111.3 11.2 7.9 11.212.412.2
19.1 2.00 1.25 1.341.8271.807
4.38 0.44 0.31 0.440.490.48
0.75
1500 79.2 53.8 63.576.676.1
157.2 12.7 9.7 12.712.412.2
19.1 3.12 2.12 2.503.0152.995
6.19 0.50 0.38 0.500.490.48
0.753 x 2
2500 69.9 50.8 53.067.166.5
150.9 12.7 9.7 12.712.412.2
19.1 2.75 2.00 2.122.6402.620
5.94 0.50 0.38 0.500.490.48
0.75
3, 4 x 3 2500 90.5 65.0 74.686.185.6
185.7 12.7 9.7 12.718.818.5
25.4 3.56 2.36 2.943.3903.370
7.31 0.50 0.38 0.500.740.73
1.00
4, 6 x 4 2500 117.3 88.9 91.9108.3107.8
195.3 14.2 10.4 14.225.124.9
25.4 4.62 3.50 3.624.2654.245
7.69 0.56 0.41 0.560.990.98
1.00
6, 8 x 6 2500 177.8 130.0 134.9156.0155.4
254.0 14.2 10.4 14.225.124.9
38.1 7.00 5.12 5.316.1406.120
10.00 0.56 0.41 0.560.990.96
1.50
1. D and J dimensions list maximum and minimum values.
Materials for Machining Tool
RecommendedMaterials
MinimumRockwellHardness
416 stainless steel17-4PH stainless steel4100 Series heat-treated steel
283631
Design EH (1-1/2 x 1 through 8 x 6)Instruction ManualForm 5163March 2002
13
Table 9. Recommended Torque for Installing Seat Ring RetainerTORQUE
VALVESIZE,
INCHES
VALVEBODY
RATING,CLASS
For All Valves withGasketed Seat RingConstruction Except
Those withCavitrol III Cage
For All Valves withO-Ring Seat Ring
Construction(1) or forSour Gas Service
For Valve with 2-StageCavitrol III Cage andGasketed Seat Ring
Construction
For Valve with 3-StageCavitrol III Cage andGasketed Seat Ring
321R, Never-Seez Pure Nickel Special, or equivalentWCC, WC9, C5, or LCC steelR30006 (Alloy 6) Never-Seez Pure Nickel Special or equivalent
CF8M (316 stainless steel) R30006 Dow Corning Molykote 321R, Never-Seez Pure NickelSpecial, or equivalent
Design EH (1-1/2 x 1 through 8 x 6)Instruction Manual
Form 5163March 2002
14
Trim ReplacementAfter all trim maintenance has been completed,reassemble the valve by following the numberedsteps below. Be certain that all gasketed surfaceshave been well cleaned. Key numbers referenced inthis procedure are shown in figure 17 for the DesignEHD valve, in figure 18 for the Design EHS valve,and in figure 19 for the Design EHT valve.
CAUTION
Thoroughly clean the seat ring (key 6),seat ring retainer (key 7), and theretainer threads in the valve body witha good-quality degreaser. Also cleanall cage gasket surfaces. All residualgasket material must be removed fromthe cage gasket surfaces and, ingasketed seat ring constructions, fromthe serrated valve body and seat ringgasket surfaces. If the serrations arescored or damaged during thisprocess, smooth them by handsanding with 360 grit paper using long,sweeping strokes. Failure to removeall residual gasket material and/orburrs from the seat ring, cage, andvalve body gasket surfaces will resultin leakage.
Thoroughly lubricate the surfacesindicated in figure 8 with theappropriate lubricant shown in table11. Be certain to lubricate the matingsurfaces of both parts involved (i.e.,lubricate the threads on the seat ringretainer and the threads in the valvebody; lubricate the mating surfaces ofthe seat ring retainer and seat ring).
Failure to lubricate as described maycause galling and improper gasket orO-ring (key 12) loading that may resultin leakage.
1. For gasketed seat ring constructions, install theseat ring gasket (key 12) into the valve body. ForO-ring seat ring constructions, install the O-ring (key12) into the groove on the underside of the seat ring(key 6). Install the seat ring (key 6). Screw in theseat ring retainer (key 7). Use the seat ring retainertool (figure 7) to tighten the seat ring retainer asfollows:
Figure 8. Trim Surfaces Requiring Lubrication
SEAT RING RETAINER
A3583 / IL
SEAT RING GASKET OR O-RING
SEAT RING
VALVE BODY
LUBRICATION REQUIRED
1
1
1
a. Insert the tool into the valve body. Be certainthe tool lugs are engaged in the correspondingrecesses in the retainer.
b. Use a power torque wrench or driver havingtorque capabilities equal to or greater than thoseshown in table 9. Connect the torque tool to anextension if necessary. The tool or extensionmust snugly fit the square hole in the seat ringretainer tool. Refer to figure 7 for square holesizes.
c. Insert the tool or extension into the squarehole in the seat ring retainer tool.
d. Use the stud bolts (key 13) to prevent a powertorque wrench from rotating.
CAUTION
Hold the torque wrench at right anglesto the seat ring retainer when applyingtorque. Tilting the tool and extensionwhile applying torque may cause thelugs on the seat ring retainer tool tosuddenly disengage from the recessesin the retainer, damaging the retainerand seat ring.
e. Tighten the seat ring retainer to the torqueshown in table 9.
Design EH (1-1/2 x 1 through 8 x 6)Instruction ManualForm 5163March 2002
15
Note
Some cages have one large windowand several small windows. In step 2,install a cage that has different sizewindows so that the largest windowfaces toward the process outlet for aflow-down and toward the processinlet for a flow-up valve. Though it maynot be possible to align the largewindow directly opposite the inlet oroutlet, orient the window in theappropriate direction as much aspossible. Incorrect orientation of cagewindows causes a reduction ofcapacity.
2. Proceed as appropriate:
For a valve with a Cavitrol III cage, slide the O-ring(key 26, figure 20) over the seat ring (key 6) andagainst the shoulder in the outer diameter of the seatring. Install the lower gasket (key 11) between thevalve body and cage (key 2), and install the cage.Be certain the lugs on the bottom of the cageengage the corresponding slots in the seat ringretainer.
For all other valves, install the lower gasket (key11) between the valve body and cage (key 2), andinstall the cage. Be certain the lugs on the bottom ofthe cage engage the corresponding slots in the seatring retainer.
Note
Rotate the cage clockwise by hand asmuch as possible once the cage lugsengage the slots in the seat ringretainer. Failure to do so may result inleakage at the seat ring to valve bodyseal.
Constructions other than TSO trim1. To install the piston rings and seal rings (keys 8and 30), proceed as appropriate:
For a Design EHD valve (figure 17), if it isnecessary to install new piston rings, thereplacement piston rings will arrive in one piece. Usea vise with smooth or taped jaws to break areplacement piston ring into halves. Place the newring in the vise so that the jaws compress the ringinto an oval. Compress the ring slowly until the ringsnaps on both sides. If one side snaps first, do nottry to tear or cut the other side. Instead, keepcompressing until the other side snaps. The piston
ring can also be fractured by scoring and snappingover a hard surface such as a table edge. Sawing orcutting is not recommended.
Remove any protective tape or covering from thevalve plug and stem assembly, and set it on aprotective surface. Then, place the piston ring in thepiston ring groove with the fractured ends matched.
For a Design EHT valve (figure 19), install the sealring (key 8) onto the valve plug (key 3). Install thering with the open side facing the seat ring end ofthe valve plug for flow-down applications (view A offigure 19) or with the open side facing the valve plugstem end of the valve plug for flow-up applications.Slide the backup ring (key 9) onto the valve plug.Secure with the retaining ring (key 10). For a 6-inchvalve with a level D Whisper Trim III cage, reinstallthe piston ring (key 30) following the instructionsgiven in the paragraph immediately preceding.
2. Install the valve plug into the cage.
TSO TrimRefer to figure 6.
1. Thread the outer plug onto the inner plug until theparts seat metal to metal, using a strap wrench orsimilar tool that will not damage the outer plug guidesurfaces.
2. Mark the top of the inner plug and outer plug withalignment marks in the assembled position.
3. Disassemble the outer plug from the inner plugand install the seal over the inner plug, so that theseal rests below the threaded area.
4. Thread the outer plug onto the inner plug andtighten with a strap wrench or similar tool until thealignment marks line up. This will ensure that theplug parts are metal to metal and the seal iscompressed properly. Do not damage the outer plugguide surfaces.
5. Install set screws centering the inner plug in theouter plug and torque to 11 N�m (8 lbf�ft).
6. Assemble the piston ring, anti-extrusion rings,backup ring, and retainer.
All Constructions1. Install the top cage gasket (key 11) on the cage.
2. Install the bonnet over the valve stem and ontothe valve body.
Design EH (1-1/2 x 1 through 8 x 6)Instruction Manual
Form 5163March 2002
16
Note
The prelubricated hex nuts (key 14,figure 17, 18, or 19) referred to in step7 can be identified by a black filmcoating on the nut threads.
The proper bolting procedures in step7 include—but are not limitedto—ensuring that the bonnet studthreads are clean, and that the hexnuts are evenly tightened to thespecified torque values.
CAUTION
Failure to comply with goodbonnet-to-body bolting practices andthe torque values shown in table 8 mayresult in cage crushing, cage diameterreduction, and/or bonnet deformation.Cheater bars or slug wrenches shouldnot be used for this procedure.
Hot torquing is not recommended.
3. Lubricate the stud threads and the faces of thehex nuts (key 14, figure 17, 18, or 19) withNever-Seez Pure Nickel Special lubricant orequivalent (not necessary if new factoryprelubricated hex nuts are used). Replace thewashers and hex nuts but do not tighten them.Torque the nuts in a crisscross pattern to no morethan 1/4 of the nominal torque value specified intable 8. When all nuts are tightened to that torquevalue, increase the torque by 1/4 of the specifiednominal torque and repeat the crisscross pattern.Repeat this procedure until all nuts are tightened tothe specified nominal value. Apply the final torquevalue again and, if any nut still turns, tighten everynut again.
4. Install new packing and packing box parts persteps 12 and 13 of the Replacing Packingprocedure. Be certain to observe the note given priorto step 12 of that procedure.
5. Mount the actuator by following the procedures inthe actuator instruction manual. Check for packingleakage as the valve is being put into service.Retorque the packing flange nuts as required (seetable 7).
Retrofit: Installing C-seal Trim
Note
Additional actuator thrust is requiredfor a valve with C-seal trim. Wheninstalling C-seal trim in an existingvalve, contact your Fisher sales officefor assistance in determining newactuator thrust requirements.
Assemble the new valve plug/retainer assembly(with C-seal plug seal) using the followinginstructions:
CAUTION
To avoid leakage when the valve isreturned to service, use appropriatemethods and materials to protect allsealing surfaces of the new trim partswhile assembling the individual partsand during installation in the valvebody.
1. Apply a suitable high-temperature lubricant to theinside diameter of the C-seal plug seal. Also,lubricate the outside diameter of the valve plugwhere the C-seal plug seal must be pressed into theproper sealing position (figure 9).
2. Orient the C-seal plug seal for correct sealingaction based on the process fluid flow directionthrough the valve.
� The open interior of the C-seal plug seal mustface up in a valve with flow-up construction (figure9).
� The open interior of the C-seal plug seal mustface down in a valve with flow-down construction(figure 9).
Design EH (1-1/2 x 1 through 8 x 6)Instruction ManualForm 5163March 2002
17
Figure 9. Design EHD with C-seal Trim
FLOW DOWN FLOW UP
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37B1047-A / IL
Note
An installation tool must be used toproperly position the C-seal plug sealon the valve plug. A tool is available asa spare part from Fisher or a tool couldbe manufactured following thedimensions given in figure 10.
3. Place the C-seal plug seal over the top of thevalve plug and press the C-seal plug seal onto theplug using the C-seal installation tool. Carefullypress the C-seal plug seal onto the plug until theinstallation tool contacts the horizontal referencesurface of the valve plug (figure 11).
4. Apply a suitable high-temperature lubricant to thethreads on the plug. Then, place the C-seal retaineronto the plug and tighten the retainer using anappropriate tool such as a strap wrench.
5. Using an appropriate tool such as a centerpunch, stake the threads on top of the plug in oneplace (figure 12) to secure the C-seal retainer.
6. Install the new plug/retainer assembly with C-sealplug seal on the new stem following the appropriateinstructions in the Trim Replacement section of thismanual.
7. Install piston rings by following instructions in the Trim Replacement section of this manual.
8. Remove the existing valve actuator and bonnetfollowing the appropriate instructions in theReplacing Packing section of this manual.
CAUTION
Do not remove the existing valve stemfrom the valve plug unless you areplanning to replace the valve stem.
Never reuse an old valve stem with anew plug or reinstall a valve stem afterit has been removed. Replacing a valvestem requires drilling a new pin hole inthe stem. This drilling weakens thestem and may cause failure in service.However, a used valve plug may bereused with a new valve stem.
9. Remove the existing valve stem and plug, cage,and seat ring from the valve body following theappropriate instructions in the Trim Removal sectionof this manual.
10. Replace all gaskets according to appropriateinstructions in the Trim Replacement section of thismanual.
11. Install the new seat ring, cage, valveplug/retainer assembly, and stem into the valve bodyand completely reassemble the valve packagefollowing the appropriate instructions in the TrimReplacement section of this manual.
Design EH (1-1/2 x 1 through 8 x 6)Instruction Manual
To avoid excessive leakage and seaterosion, the valve plug must beinitially seated with sufficient force toovercome the resistance of the C-sealplug seal and contact the seat ring.You can correctly seat the valve plugby using the same force calculated forfull load when sizing your actuator.With no pressure drop through thevalve, this force will adequately drivethe valve plug to the seat ring, thusgiving the C-seal plug seal apredetermined permanent set. Oncethis is done, the plug/retainer
assembly, the cage, and the seat ringbecome a matched set.
12. With full actuator force applied and the valveplug fully seated, align the actuator travel indicatorscale with the lower end of valve travel. Refer to theappropriate actuator instruction manual forinformation on this procedure.
Replacement of Installed C-seal Trim
Trim Removal (C-seal Constructions)1. Remove the valve actuator and bonnet followingthe appropriate instructions in the Replacing Packingsection of this manual.
Design EH (1-1/2 x 1 through 8 x 6)Instruction ManualForm 5163March 2002
19
Figure 11. Installing the C-seal Plug Seal Using the Installation Tool
NOTE:PRESS INSTALLATION TOOL OVER VALVE PLUG UNTIL THE TOOLCONTACTS THE HORIZONTAL REFERENCE SURFACE OF THE VALVEPLUG.
C-sealMETALPLUGSEAL
INSTALLATIONTOOL
A6778 / IL
VALVEPLUG
HORIZONTALREFERENCESURFACE
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CAUTION
To avoid leakage when the valve isreturned to service, use appropriatemethods and materials to protect allsealing surfaces of the trim partsduring maintenance.
Use caution when removing pistonring(s) and C-seal plug seal to avoidscratching any sealing surface.
CAUTION
Do not remove the valve stem from theplug/retainer assembly unless you areplanning to replace the valve stem.
Never reuse an old valve stem with anew plug or reinstall a valve stem afterit has been removed. Replacing a valvestem requires drilling a new pin hole inthe stem. This drilling weakens thestem and may cause failure in service.
Figure 12. Stake the Threads of the C-seal Retainer
C-sealMETALPLUGSEAL VALVE
PLUG
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PISTONRING
RETAINER
DEFORM THREAD TOSTAKE C-seal RETAINER
A6779 / IL
However, a used valve plug may bereused with a new valve stem.
2. Remove the plug/retainer assembly (with C-sealplug seal), cage, and seat ring from the valve bodyfollowing the appropriate instructions in the TrimRemoval section of this manual.
3. Locate the staked thread on top of the valve plug(figure 12). The staked thread secures the retainer.Use a drill with a 1/8-inch bit to drill out the stakedarea of the thread. Drill approximately 1/8-inch intothe metal to remove the staking.
4. Locate the break between sections of the pistonring(s). Using an appropriate tool such as aflat-blade screwdriver, carefully pry out the pistonring(s) from the groove(s) in the C-seal retainer.
5. After removing the piston ring(s), locate the0.25-inch diameter hole in the groove. In a retainerwith two piston ring grooves, the hole will be found inthe upper groove.
6. Select an appropriate tool such as a punch andplace the tip of the tool into the hole with the body ofthe tool held tangent to the outside diameter of theretainer. Strike the tool with a hammer to rotate theretainer and free it from the valve plug. Remove theretainer from the plug.
7. Use an appropriate tool such as a flat-bladescrewdriver to pry the C-seal plug seal off the plug.Use caution to avoid scratches or other damage to
Design EH (1-1/2 x 1 through 8 x 6)Instruction Manual
Form 5163March 2002
20
Figure 13. Lower (Valve Plug to Seat Ring) and Upper (C-seal Plug Seal to Cage) Seating Surfaces
C-seal METALPLUG SEAL
RETAINER
CAGEVALVE PLUG
NOTE: UPPER SEATING SURFACE IS THE AREA OFCONTACT BETWEEN THE C-seal METAL PLUGSEAL AND THE CAGE.
PLUG
CAGE
SEATRING
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A6780 / IL
1
1
the sealing surfaces where the C-seal plug sealmakes contact with the valve plug (figure 13).
8. Inspect the lower seating surface where the valveplug contacts the seat ring for wear or damagewhich would prevent proper operation of the valve.Also, inspect the upper seating surface inside thecage where the C-seal plug seal contacts the cage,and inspect the sealing surface where the C-sealplug seal makes contact with the plug (figure 13).
9. Replace or repair trim parts according to thefollowing procedure for lapping metal seats,remachining metal seats, or other valve plugmaintenance procedures as appropriate.
Lapping Metal Seats (C-sealConstructions)Before installing a new C-seal plug seal, lap thelower seating surface (valve plug to seat ring, figure
Figure 14. Example of Machining the Lower (Valve Plug toSeat Ring) and Upper (C-seal Plug Seal to Cage)
Seating Surfaces
UPPER SEATINGSURFACE
0.020 INCH(4)
0.010 INCH(4)
0.010 INCH(4)
C-sealRETAINER
MACHINING OF THE UPPERSEATING SURFACE MUSTEQUAL THE TOTAL MACHININGOF THE LOWER SEATING SUR-FACE (PLUG PLUS SEAT RING).IF NOT, THE RETAINER MAYSTRIKE THE UPPER SEATINGSURFACE BEFORE THE VALVEPLUG PROPERLY SEATS ONTHE LOWER SEATING SUR-FACE.
����������� ��������
REMOVAL OF 0.010 INCH FROM THE VALVE PLUGPLUS REMOVAL OF 0.010 INCH FROM THE SEAT RING
MUST EQUAL REMOVAL OF 0.020 INCH FROM THE UP-PER SEATING SURFACE IN THE CAGE4. THESE VALUES ARE FOR EXAMPLE ONLY. REMOVEONLY THE MINIMUM AMOUNT OF MATERIAL REQUIREDTO REFURBISH THE SEATS.
SEATRING
PLUG
CAGE
A6781 / IL
1
3
2
123
NOTE:
13) following appropriate procedures in the LappingSeats section of this manual.
Remachining Metal Seats (C-sealConstructions)See figure 14. A valve plug with a C-seal metal plugseal features two seating surfaces. One seatingsurface is found where the valve plug contacts theseat ring. The second seating surface is foundwhere the
C-seal plug seal contacts the upper seating surfacein the cage. If you machine the seats on the seatring and/or plug, you must machine an equaldimension from the seating area in the cage.
Design EH (1-1/2 x 1 through 8 x 6)Instruction ManualForm 5163March 2002
21
CAUTION
If metal is removed from the seat ringand plug and a corresponding amountis not removed from the cage seatingarea, the C-seal plug seal will becrushed as the valve closes and theC-seal retainer will strike the seatingarea of the cage, preventing the valvefrom closing.
Trim Replacement (C-sealConstructions)1. Apply a suitable high-temperature lubricant to theinside diameter of the C-seal plug seal. Also,lubricate the outside diameter of the valve plugwhere the C-seal plug seal must be pressed into theproper sealing position (figure 9).
2. Orient the C-seal plug seal for correct sealingaction based on the process fluid flow directionthrough the valve.
� The open interior of the C-seal plug seal mustface up in a valve with flow-up construction (figure9).
� The open interior of the C-seal plug seal mustface down in a valve with flow-down construction(figure 9).
Note
An installation tool must be used toproperly position the C-seal plug sealon the valve plug. A tool is available asa spare part from Fisher or a tool couldbe manufactured following thedimensions given in figure 10.
3. Place the C-seal plug seal over the top of thevalve plug and press it onto the plug using theinstallation tool. Carefully press the C-seal plug sealonto the plug until the installation tool contacts thehorizontal reference surface of the valve plug (figure11).
4. Apply a suitable high-temperature lubricant to thethreads on the plug. Then, place the C-seal retaineronto the plug and tighten the retainer using anappropriate tool such as a strap wrench.
5. Using an appropriate tool such as a centerpunch, stake the threads on top of the plug in oneplace (figure 12) to secure the C-seal retainer.
6. Replace the piston ring(s) following instructions inthe Trim Replacement section of this manual.
7. Return the seat ring, cage, plug/retainerassembly, and stem to the valve body andcompletely reassemble the valve package followingthe appropriate instructions in the Trim Replacementsection of this manual.
CAUTION
To avoid excessive leakage and seaterosion, the valve plug must beinitially seated with sufficient force toovercome the resistance of the C-sealplug seal and contact the seat ring.You can correctly seat the valve plugby using the same force calculated forfull load when sizing your actuator.With no pressure drop through thevalve, this force will adequately drivethe valve plug to the seat ring, thusgiving the C-seal plug seal apredetermined permanent set. Oncethis is done, the plug/retainerassembly, the cage, and the seat ringbecome a matched set.
With full actuator force applied and thevalve plug fully seated, align theactuator travel indicator scale with thelower end of valve travel. Refer to theappropriate actuator instructionmanual for information on thisprocedure.
Parts OrderingEach body-bonnet assembly is assigned a serialnumber, which can be found on the valve body. Thissame number also appears on the actuatornameplate when the valve body is shipped from thefactory as part of a control valve assembly. Refer tothe number when contacting your Fisher sales officefor technical assistance or when orderingreplacement parts.
When ordering replacement parts, also be sure toinclude the 11-character part number for each partrequired from the following parts list.
Note
Fisher does not assume responsibilityfor the selection, use, or maintenanceof any product. Responsibility forproper selection, use, andmaintenance of any Fisher productremains solely with the purchaser.
Design EH (1-1/2 x 1 through 8 x 6)Instruction Manual
Part numbers are shown for recommended sparesonly. For part numbers not shown, contact yourFisher sales office.
Bonnet Assembly (figure 15)Key Description Part Number1 Bonnet
If you need a bonnet as a replacement part,order by valve size and stem diameter,serial number, and desired material.
2 Baffle, for use with extensionbonnet only See following table
3 Packing Flange4 Packing Flange Stud (2 req’d)5 Packing Flange Nut (2 req’d)6* Packing Set or Arrangement See following table7* Packing Ring, low chloride graphite See following table8 Packing Spring, 316 stainless steel See following table8 Lantern Ring, 316 stainless steel See following table
10 Special Washer, 316 stainless steel See following table11* Packing Box Ring, 316 stainless steel See following table12* Upper Wiper, felt See table following13 Packing Follower, 316 stainless steel See table following14 Pipe Plug14 Lubricator14 Lubricator/Isolating Valve15 Yoke Locknut25 Actuator Mounting Stud (8 req’d)26 Hex Nut (8 req’d)35 Retaining Ring, for use with extension bonnet only
Valve Body (figures 17-20)1 Valve Body, order by valve size, serial
number, and desired material2* Cage See following table3* Valve Plug See following table4* Valve Plug Stem See following table5* Pin See following table6* Seat Ring See following table7* Seat Ring Retainer See following table8* Piston Ring or Seal Ring See following table9* Backup Ring See following table
10* Retaining Ring See following table
Key Description Part Number10* Retaining Ring (for Design EHT valve
body only) See following table11* Cage Gasket (2 req’d) See following table12* Seat Ring O-Ring or Gasket See following table13 Bonnet Stud (8 req’d)14 Hex Nut (8 req’d)15 Flow Arrow16 Drive Screw (4 req’d)24 Never Seez Nickel Special Lubricant25 Seat Ring Retainer Tool (not shown)
26* O-Ring (for valve with Cavitrol IIItrim only), ethylene/propylene See following table
27 Nameplate28 Nameplate Wire29 Bonnet Washer30* Piston Ring (for Design EHT with Level D
Whisper Trim III cage only) See following table63* Anti-Extrusion Ring See following table
C-seal Trim (figure 9)2* Cage see following table3* Valve Plug/Retainer see following table4* Valve Plug Stem, Nitronic 50 see following table6* Seat Ring see following table8* Piston Ring, graphite (2 req’d) see following table64* C-seal, Inconel see following table
TSO Trim (figure 6)2* Cage See following table4* Seat Ring See following table5* Plug/Stem Assembly See following table8* Seal Ring See following table63* Anti-Extrusion Ring See following table9* Back Up Ring See following table10* Retaining Ring See following table
*Recommended spare parts
Design EH (1-1/2 x 1 through 8 x 6)Instruction ManualForm 5163March 2002
Design EH (1-1/2 x 1 through 8 x 6)Instruction Manual
Form 5163March 2002
28
Keys 6*, 7*, and 12* Soft Packing Parts
PACKING KEY PACKING PART VALVE STEM CONNECTIONARRANGEMENT NUMBER DESCRIPTION 12.7 mm (1/2 Inch) 19.1 mm (3/4 Inch) 25.4 mm (1-Inch) 31.8 mm (1-1/4 Inch)
PTFE V-RingPacking
6 Packing set, PTFE(1 req’d for single,2 req’d for double)(1)
1. These materials are listed in NACE Standard MR0175 as being acceptable for direct exposure to sour environment when used under conditions stated in that standard.2. Flow down only with Design EHD and EHT style of valve plug. For flow up with balanced valve plug, contact factory.
Key 2* Cage or Cage and Baffle Assembly for Valve Body with Whisper Trim III Cage
1. See table 12 for plug diameters vs operating temperatures.
*Recommended spare parts
Design EH (1-1/2 x 1 through 8 x 6)Instruction Manual
Form 5163March 2002
32
Table 12. Valve Plug Diameters and Operating Temperatures
OPERATING TEMPERATURE RANGE DIAMETER VALVE BODYCAGE MATERIAL STEM MATERIAL
�C �FDIAMETER
CODEVALVE BODY
DESIGN
S31600 (316 Stainless S31600 –198 to +427 –325 to +800S31600 (316 StainlessSteel) Electrolized S31600 Electrolized –29 to +593 –20 to +1100
A EHD, EHS
S31600 ENC (NACE) S20910 (Nitronic 50) –40 to +232 –40 to +450 A EHD, EHS
S17400 (17-4PH Stain-less Steel) H1150 (NACE)
S20910 –40 to +232 –40 to +450 A EHS
S17400 H1150 (NACE) S20910 –40 to +232 –40 to +450 B EHD
S31600 –198 to +427 –325 to +800S31600 Electrolized
S31600 Electrolized –29 to +593 –20 to +1100B EHS
S31600 ENC (NACE) S20910 –40 to +232 –40 to +450 B EHS
S42200 (422 StainlessSteel) Ion Nitride
S31600 Electrolized 427 to 566 +800 to 1050 C EHD, EHS
S42200 Ion Nitride S31600 Electrolized 427 to 566 +800 to 1050(1) D EHD, EHS
S31600 –198 to +427 –325 to +800S31600 Electrolized
S31600 Electrolized –29 to +593 –20 to +1100D EHD, EHS
S31600 ENC (NACE) S20910 –40 to +232 –40 to +450 D EHD, EHS
S42200 Ion Nitride S31600 Electrolized 427 to 566 +800 to 1050(2)(3) E EHD, EHS
S42200 Ion Nitride S31600 Electrolized 427 to 566 +800 to 1050(4) F EHD, EHS
S31600 –198 to +427 –325 to +800S31600 Electrolized
S31600 Electrolized –29 to +593 –20 to +1100K EHD
S31600 ENC (NACE) S20910 –40 to +232 –40 to +450 K EHD1. Temperature limited to 427� to 510�C (800� to 950�F) for 6 and 8 x 6-inch Class 2500.2. Temperature limited to 427� to 510�C (800� to 950�F) for 6 and 8 x 6-inch Class 1500.3. Temperature limited to 510� to 566�C (950� to 1050�F) for 6 and 8 x 6-inch Class 2500.4. Temperature limited to 510� to 566�C (950� to 1050�F) for 6 and 8 x 6-inch Class 1500.
Key 3* Valve Plug for 1-1/2 x 1 and 2 x 1 Design EHS Valve Body with Micro-Flute Valve Plug
1. See table 12 for plug diameters vs operating temperatures.
*Recommended spare parts
Design EH (1-1/2 x 1 through 8 x 6)Instruction ManualForm 5163March 2002
33
Key 3* Valve Plug or Plug Diverter for a 2 through 4-Inch Class 1500 Valve Without Micro-Form, Micro-Flute, or Cavitrol III Trim.Also for Use with a 2 or 3-Inch Valve with a Whisper Trim III Cage
MATERIAL
VALVESIZE,
VALVEBODY
VALVESTEM
CONNEC-TION
PORTDIAMETER
S31600(316 Stainless
Steel) With
S31600 (316 StainlessSteel) With CoCr-A
(Alloy 6) Seat and GuideS41600
(416 StainlessINCHES DESIGN TION Steel) With (416 Stainless
mm Inches mm InchesCoCr-A (Alloy 6)Seat and Guide
DiameterA(1)
DiameterD(1)
DiameterE(1)
Steel)
EHD 12.719.1
1/23/4
47.647.6
1-7/81-7/8
- - -- - -
36A5419X01236A5420X012
36A5419X05236A5420X052
- - -- - -
36A5340X01236A5341X012
3 x 2EHT 12.7
19.11/23/4
47.647.6
1-7/81-7/8
36A5421X01236A5422X012
- - -- - -
- - -- - -
- - -- - -
36A5342X01236A5343X0123 x 2
EHS12.719.125.4
1/23/41
47.647.647.6
1-7/81-7/81-7/8
- - -- - -- - -
16A5423X01216A5424X01216A5425X012
16A5423X04216A5424X06216A5425X052
- - -- - -- - -
16A5344X01216A5345X01216A5346X012
1. See table 12 for plug diameters vs operating temperatures.
Key 3* Valve Plug or Plug/Diverter for a 2 through 4-Inch Class 2500 Valve Without Micro-Form, Micro-Flute, orCavitrol III Trim. Also for Use With a 2 or 3-Inch Valve With a Whisper Trim III Cage
1. See table 12 for plug diameters vs operating temperatures.2. Temperature limit due to diametrical expansion 427� to 510�C (800� to 950�F).3. Temperature limit due to diametrical expansion 510� to 566�C (950� to 1050�F).4. Flow up only.
Key 3* Valve Plug for 4-Inch and 6 x 4-Inch Valve With Whisper Trim III Cage
MATERIAL
VALVEBODY
VALVEBODY
VALVESTEM
CONNEC-TION
PORTDIAMETER S41600
(416 Stainless
S31600 (316 StainlessSteel) With CoCr-A
(Alloy 6) Seat and Guide
S31600with CoCr-A
RATING DESIGN TION (416 Stainless Seat and
mm Inches mm InchesSteel) Diameter
A(1)Diameter
B(1)Diameter
D(1)Diameter
E(1)
Seat andGuide
EHD 19.125.4
3/41
73.073.0
2-7/82-7/8
36A5387X01236A5388X042
36A5464X01236A5465X012
- - -- - -
- - -- - -
36A5464X07236A5465X052
- - -- - -
Class2500
EHT 19.125.4
3/41
73.073.0
2-7/82-7/8
36A5389X01236A5390X012
- - -- - -
- - -- - -
- - -- - -
- - -- - -
36A5466X01236A5467X0122500
EHS 19.125.4
3/41
73.073.0
2-7/82-7/8
16A5354X01216A5355X012
36A5433X01236A5434X012
- - -- - -
36A5433X04236A5434X062
- - -- - -
- - -- - -
1. See table 12 for plug diameters vs operating temperatures.
*Recommended spare parts
Design EH (1-1/2 x 1 through 8 x 6)Instruction ManualForm 5163March 2002
35
Key 3* Valve Plug for 6-Inch and 8 x 6-Inch Valve with Whisper Trim III Cage
OPERATING DIAMETER VALVE BODY RATING AND CAGE LEVELVALVEBODY MATERIAL
OPERATINGTEMPERATURE CODE
STAMPED
VALVE STEMCONNECTION Class 2500BODY
DESIGNMATERIAL RANGE STAMPED
ON TOP OFDESIGN�C �F
ON TOP OFVALVE PLUG mm Inches
LevelA, B, or C Level D
17-4PH stainless 25.4 1 31B4888X012 39A9100X012steel with H900
heat treatment(1)0 to 427 32 to 800 N.A.
31.8 1-1/4 31B4887X012 39A9102X012
25.4 1 39A9116X012 39A9104X012–40 to 232 –40 to 450 A(2)
31.8 1-1/4 39A9118X012 39A9106X012
EHD 25.4 1 39A9116X052 39A9104X052EHD 316 stainlesssteel with alloy
427 to 510 800 to 950 E(3)31.8 1-1/4 39A9118X052 39A9106X052steel with alloy
6 (CoCr-A) seat 25.4 1 39A9116X062 39A9104X062and guide 510 to 566 950 to 1050 F(3)
31.8 1-1/4 39A9118X062 39A9106X062
25.4 1 - - - - - -–40 to 232 –40 to 450 K(2)
31.8 1-1/4 - - - - - -
17-4PH stainless 25.4 1 31B4890X012 39A9101X012steel with H900
heat treatment(1)0 to 427 32 to 800 N.A.
31.8 1-1/4 31B4889X012 39A9103X012
EHT 25.4 1 39A9117X012 39A9105X012EHT 316 stainlesssteel with alloy
–40 to 232 –40 to 450 A(2)31.8 1-1/4 39A9119X012 39A9107X012steel with alloy
6 (CoCr-A) seat 25.4 1 - - - - - -and guide –40 to 232 –40 to 450 D(2)
Design EH (1-1/2 x 1 through 8 x 6)Instruction ManualForm 5163March 2002
47
Actuator Groups by Type Number
Group 154 mm (2-1/8 Inch),
71 mm (2-13/16 Inch),or 90 mm (3-9/16 Inch) Yoke Boss
Group 100127 mm (5 Inch) Yoke Boss
Group 40190.5 mm (3-9/16 Inch)
Yoke Boss
Group 404127 mm (5 Inch) Yoke Boss
350—71.4 mm (2-13/16 Inch) yoke boss470 Series—50.8 mm (2 Inch) travel
350470
657657 MO
667667-4
472 & 473603 & 1B618
471472473
657-4657-4 MO
667Group 405
127 mm (5 Inch) Yoke Boss644 & 645655657 & 667—76.2 mm (3 Inch) travel
474475476
667 MO667-4
667-4 MO
657 MO657-4 MO
1008—71.4 mm (2-13/16 Inch) yoke boss 657 Group 4061008
Group 402Group 406
127 mm (5 Inch) Yoke Boss90.5 mm (3-9/16 Inch)
667 MOGroup 101
Yoke Boss667 MO
667-4 MOGroup 101127 mm (5 Inch) Yoke Boss 475-7
667-4 MO127 mm (5 Inch) Yoke Boss 475-7
471-5-7 Group 407471-5-7 Group 407667
Group 403127 mm (5 Inch) Yoke Boss
Group 40390.5 mm (3-9/16 Inch) 470
Group 40071.4 mm (2-13/16 Inch) Yoke
Yoke Boss47047147471.4 mm (2-13/16 Inch) Yoke
Boss 470-7 475
470-7471-7
471-71008
657
Design EH (1-1/2 x 1 through 8 x 6)Instruction Manual
Form 5163March 2002
48
Fisher Marshalltown, Iowa 50158 USACernay 68700 France Sao Paulo 05424 BrazilSingapore 128461
The contents of this publication are presented for informational purposes only, and while every effort has been made to ensure their accuracy,they are not to be construed as warranties or guarantees, express or implied, regarding the products or services described herein or their useor applicability. We reserve the right to modify or improve the designs or specifications of such products at any time without notice.
Fisher does not assume responsibility for the selection, use or maintenance of any product. Responsibility for proper selection, use and maintenance of any Fisher product remains solely with the purchaser.
�Fisher Controls International, Inc.1981, 2002; All Rights Reserved
C-seal is a mark owned by Pressure Science, Inc. Cavitrol, HIGH-SEAL, Micro-Flute, Micro-Form, and Whisper Trim and Fisher are marksowned by Fisher Controls International, Inc., a business of Emerson Process Management. The Emerson logo is a trademark and servicemark of Emerson Electric Co. All other marks are the property of their respective owners.This product may be covered by one or more of the following patents: 5,129,625; 5,131,666; 5,056,757; 5,230,498; and 5,299,812 or underpending patents.