eROSITA: The German Quest for Galaxy Clusters Christian Schmid & Ingo Kreykenbohm Dr. Remeis-Sternwarte Bamberg / ECAP Tautenburg, May 03, 2013 on behalf of the eROSITA team © T. Legaul
Mar 27, 2015
eROSITA:The German Quest for
Galaxy ClustersChristian Schmid & Ingo Kreykenbohm
Dr. Remeis-Sternwarte Bamberg / ECAP
Tautenburg, May 03, 2013
on behalf of the eROSITA team
© T. Legault
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PI: Peter Predehl
Co-Is: Hans Böhringer, Ulrich Briel, Hermann Brunner, Evgeniy Churazov, Michael Freyberg, Peter Friedrich, Günther Hasinger, Eckhard Kendziorra, Dieter Lutz, Joseph Mohr, Norbert Meidinger, Kirpal
Nandra, Mikhail Pavlinsky, Thomas Reiprich, Andrea Santangelo, Jürgen Schmitt, Axel Schwope, Matthias
Steinmetz, Lothar Strüder, Rashid Sunyaev, Jörn Wilms
Project Scientist: A. Merloni
Project team with members from the following institutes
Institutes:Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Garching/D, Space Research Institute Moscow
(IKI)/RuUniv. Tübingen/D, Univ. Hamburg/D, Univ. Erlangen-Nürnberg/D, Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik
Potsdam/D, Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, Garching/D, Universitäts-Sternwarte München (LMU)/D,
Argelander-Institut für Astronomie, Bonn/D, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR)/D
Industry:Media Lario (Mirrors), Kayser Threde (Mirror Structure), Carl Zeiss (Mandrels), Invent (Telescope
Structure), pnSensor (CCDs), EHP (Heatpipes), RUAG (Mechanisms), + many more
Team
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Goal
Detection of 100.000 Galaxy Clusters test cosmological models!➡
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Galaxy Clusters
• 200-300 from Einstein (1978-1981)
• ~1000 published from ROSAT (1990-1999)
• ~1000 more in the ROSAT archive
• 200-300 from the XMM-Newton archive
• in total less than 3000 clusters
• 10-15 with redshift z > 1 © NASA
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Goal
Detection of 100.000 Galaxy Clusters test cosmological models!➡
• All-Sky Survey (4 yr)• Deep Survey (200 sqd, ½
yr)• Deep Hole (Pointing, 1 yr)• additional Pointings
eROSITAHow?•Large effective area:
many mirror shells x several modules
•Large Field of View: = 1 degree, CCD:∅ 2.88×2.88cm2
• Good spatial resolution:15 arcsec on-axis
extended ROentgen Survey with an Imaging Telescope
Array
extended ROentgen Survey with an Imaging Telescope
Array
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~ 30 × ROSAT~ 2 × XMM-Newton
(MOS+PN)
Sensitivity
➡ deep survey of the whole Sky!
Expectation:
100.000 clusters (DE)~100 clusters @ z>1.5
3 Million AGN[450,120, 36, 10] @ z > [6, 7, 8, 9]
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Sources•1970s: 4th Uhuru catalogue: 339 sources
•1978-1981: Einstein: 835 sources
•1990-1999: ROSAT: 125000 bright
sources
•1999ff: Chandra: 94767 (CSC)
•1999ff: XMM-Newton: 191870 sources
(2XMM)
•2013ff: eROSITA: 3 000 000 sources
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Lots of Science•AGN evolution•Time resolved accretion
physics (variabilities hours - years)
•Stellar variability on different time scales
• Interstellar Medium (spectroscopy, dust scattering etc.)
•GRB afterglows (~50)•CVs, XBs, Isolated Neutron
Stars, SNRs etc.
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History
Spectrum-XGJet-X, SODART, etc.
ROSAT1990-1998
First X-ray all-sky surveywith an imaging telescope
ABRIXAS
1999
To extend the all-sky surveytowards higher energies
ROSITA2002
ABRIXAS science on the International Space Station
Dark Energy105 Clusters of Galaxies
Negotiations between Roskosmos and ESAon a "new" Spectrum-XG mission (2005)
Agreement between Roskosmos and DLR (2007)
eROSITAeROSITA
Spektr-RGLaunch: 2014
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• Спектр рентген-гамма (SRG)
• Launch:Nov. 2011 from Baikonur
• Launcher: Soyuz-Fregat
• Platform: Navigator (Lavochkin)
• Orbit: Low Earth Orbit (600 km, 30° inclination)
• Payload: ART-XC (IKI)eROSITA (MPE+…)LOBSTER (LU+…) SRC (SRON, ISAS,
GSFC, +MPE)
• Mission: 4 yrs survey + 1 yr pointing + …
SRG-Mission
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• Спектр рентген-гамма (SRG)
• Launch:2014 from Baikonur
• Launcher: Soyuz-Fregat
• Platform: Navigator (Lavochkin)
• Orbit: Langrange Point L2
• Payload: ART-XC (IKI)eROSITA (MPE+…)
• Mission: 4 yrs scanning survey + 3.5 yrs pointing + …
SRG-Mission
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SRG-Mission
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Telescope• 7 mirror modules + baffles
• CFRP Honeycomb Structure
• lightweight• thermally stable
• Hexapod Mounting• no thermal connection • flexible: ➡ balances mechanical stress
• Radiators• Sunshield• Startrackers
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Telescope
• 7 Cameras– CCD-Module in Casing (-80°C)– Cu-Proton-Shield (20°C)
• 7 Mirror Modules
• Spider Wheel
• Mirrors
• 7 Cameras– CCD-Module in Casing (-80°C)– Cu-Proton-Shield (20°C)
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Mirror System
• 7 Mirror Modules, 54 shells each, 360mm Ø, f=1.600mm
• inner 27 shells to be replicated from old ABRIXAS mandrels
• magnetic electron deflector, X-ray baffle
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Mirror Module
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Camera
Framestore CCD: 384x384 pixelsPixelsize: 75µm.
Cycle time: 50msecEnergy resolution: 138eV @ 6keV
Measurements at C K (277eV) and Mn K (5,9 keV)
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Temperature
(1)
(2)(3)(4)
(5)
Trick: use melting enthalpy!
Freezing at -81°C (~100kJ/kg)
➡ Temperature remains constant by itself!
Problem: CCDs need cooling
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SRG-mission
scan: 4h
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Exposure
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Data Rights
IKI (Russia) MPE (Germany)
ECAP Contribution
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• Near Real Time Analysis (NRTA) Software(preprocessing of telemetry data, monitoring of housekeeping parameters, quick-look on scientific data)
• Simulations(analyse technical and scientific performance, produce test data for software development)
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Slew Survey
Effect of the Slew Survey
Survey PSF
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Simulations
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Cygnus Loop
M. Sasaki
Signature of the "Detailed Agreement"
(Reichle, Wörner, Perminov)
Mr. Putin asksabout Dark Energy...
Programmatic Status
2014 in Байконур
Thank you for your Attention!