Erik Erikson’s Psycho- Social Theory of Development
Nov 20, 2014
Erik Erikson’s Psycho-Social
Theory of Development
Objectives:
• Describe the eight (8) stages of Erikson’s Theory of Development,
• differentiate the psychosocial crisis in different life stages and;
• value the importance of the virtue and maladaptation/malignancy in every stages of Psycho-social development.
Life StagesPsychosocial CrisisRelationships/IssuesBasic VirtueMaladaoptation/Malignancy
Stage 1. Infancy (birth to 18 months)
Stage 1. Infancy (birth to 18 months)
Psychosocial Crisis: Trust Vs. Mistrust
Relationships: MotherIssues: feeding and being comforted, teething, sleepingBasic Virtue: Hope and DriveMaladaptation: Sensory maladjustment Malignancy: withdrawal
Psychosocial Crisis: Trust Vs. Mistrust
Relationships: MotherIssues: feeding and being comforted, teething, sleepingBasic Virtue: Hope and DriveMaladaptation: Sensory maladjustment Malignancy: withdrawal
Stage 2. Early Chilhood (toddler)
18 months to 3 years
Psychosocial Crisis: Autonomy vs.
Shame and DoubtRelationships: Parents
Issues: bodily functions, toilet training, muscular control, walking, toilet training
Basic Virtue: Willpower and Self-Control
Maladaptation: ImpulsivityMalignancy: Compulsion
Stage 3. PreschoolStage 3. Preschool3 to 6 years
Psychosocial Crisis: Initiative vs. Guilt
Relationships: family
Issues: exploration and discovery, adventure and play
Basic Virtue: Purpose and Direction
Maladaptation: RuthlessnessMalignancy: Inhibition
School AgeSchool Age(6 to 11 years)
(6 to 11 years)
Psychosocial Crisis: Industry vs.
InferiorityRelationships: school, teachers, friends, neighbourhood
Issues: achievement and accomplishment Basic Virtue: Competence and
Method Maladaptation: Narrow Virtuosity Malignancy: Inertia
Stage 5.
Adolescence (12 to 18 years)
Psychosocial Crisis: Identity vs. Role
ConfusionRelationships: peers, groups, influences Issues: resolving identity and direction, becoming a grown-up Basic Virtue: Fidelity and Devotion Maladaptation: Fanaticism Malignancy: Repudiation
Stage 6. Young Adulthood(19 to 40
years)
Psychosocial Crisis: Intimacy vs.
IsolationRelationships: lovers, friends, work connections Issues: intimate relationships, work and social lifeBasic Virtue: Love and
Affiliation Maladaptation: Promiscuity Malignancy: Exclusivity
Stage 7. Middle Adulthood(40 to 65 years)
Psychosocial Crisis: Generativity vs.
StagnationRelationships: children, community Issues: 'giving back', helping, contributing Basic Virtue: Care and Production Maladaptation: Overextension Malignancy: Rejectivity
Stage 8. Maturity
(65 to death)
Relationships: society, the world
Issues: meaning and purpose, life achievements
Basic Virtue: Wisdom and
RenunciationMaladaptation: PresumptionMalignancy: Disdain
Psychosocial Crisis: Ego Integrity
vs. Despair
The End