Ericsson / TeliaSonera Case Study: Examining Indoor ...3G, WLAN / Bluetooth) in-building system implementation for Ericsson office buildings! Almost all employees will have a mobile

1

IIR In-building Solutions

Budapest, Hungary 2004

Ericsson / TeliaSonera Case Study: Examining Indoor WCDMA Trial Experiences in Kista, Sweden

Ralf Schuh

TeliaSonera SwedenBox 9420120 Malmö

Email: [email protected]

Robert McCrorey

Ericsson SpainC/ Retama, 128045 Madrid

Email: [email protected]

2



Outline

• Introducing the OnePhone Project

• Determining the capacity requirements for 3G in-building solutions and identifying likely capacity hotspots

• Analysing tools and techniques for testing and measuring 3G in-building systems

• Examining the specific challenges of test and measurement for 3G in-building coverage




3



Introducing the OnePhone Project

! Multi-operator, multi-technology (2G, 3G, WLAN / Bluetooth) in-building system implementation for Ericsson office buildings

! Almost all employees will have a mobile phone only, eliminating almost all fixed phones

! Almost all Ericsson sites shall be equipped with in-building systems (In total: ~ 1 million m² and 120 buildings)

! Antenna systems designed, installed, and owned by Ericsson

4



Introducing the OnePhone Project

DH

PBXMD110 ME

Enterprise (i.e. Ericsson)owned equipment

RBSHLR

MobileOperator

BSC

BillingSystem

MSC/SSF/PRA

SCP

MD110 MEsupportfunctionality

RBS

Operator ownedequipment

5



OnePhone Design Requirements

! Multi-operator, Multi-band 2G, 3G & WLAN

! WCDMA coverage! Speech 12.2 kbps and data up to 64/384 kbps within

95% of the office areas

! GSM 1800 coverage! > -75 dBm in 95% of the office areas! > -85 dBm in 95% of the other areas

! WLAN coverage! > -80 dBm in 75% of the office areas

! Elevators shall be covered

! Approximately 300 persons per cell! 100 mErl / sub (complete fixed line replacement)

6



OnePhone - Ericsson Headquarters in Kista

! Office building complex with 1300 employees, 51000 m2 Ericsson Headquarters in Kista

! GSM 1800 (3 x RBS 2202)

! WCDMA (3 x RBS 3202)

! 6 cells; 179 antennas

! Prepared for WLAN/Bluetooth(52 WLAN Injectors)

! The first OnePhone site that includes both 2G and 3G live systems

! Designed without macroWCDMA system activated

7



Ericsson Headquarters – Building 18 Measurements

! Indoor Macro Node B: Pmax = 43 dBm, CPICH = 32 dBm

! Passive DAS losses range from 20 to 29 dB at UMTS frequencies

! CPICH EiRP ranges from 3 dBm to 12 dBm

! 73 antennas with cell radius per antenna ~10-15m

! Horizontal cell architecture, two cells:!Cell 1: (Building 18, floor 3, 4, 5 & 6. Total 218 users) !Cell 2: (Building 18, floor –1, 0, 1, 2. Total 78 users)

! Outdoor network in pre-commercial phase

8



Ericsson Headquarters, Building 18 – Equipment Room

Ericsson tri-band combining boxesused as interface to the operators’

RBS

Other Operator’sWCDMA RBS 3202 (to the right)

TeliaSonera’s2 x GSM RBS 2202

TeliaSonera’sWCDMA RBS 3202

9



Outline





10



Interference sources

Node B

(2)LOS

(4) NLOS

(1)LOS (5)

NLOS

(6)NLOS

(3)LOS (7)

NLOS

11



Minimising interference

! Low feeder loss, minimise pilot power (but consider also economics)

! Tune outdoor network, antenna tilt, antenna height and antenna direction

! Use tunable distributed antenna system (e.g. adjustable tappers)

! Metal-coated windows (no metal coated windows in the Kista building)

12



Measuring and optimising quality, capacity and performance

! Measure outdoor-to-indoor power levels, pilot power (CPICH Ec) and pilot power versus CPICH Ec/No

! Plan DAS (Distributed Antenna System) regarding feeder loss per antenna, cell radius per antenna

! Measure indoor CPICH Ec and CPICH Ec/No levels

! Set pilot power and SHO margin

13



Outline





14



Agilent E6473BExtension Hub + battery

Agilent scanner (E6455C)

Laptop with Agilent analysingsoftware Nitro

QualcommTM6200UMTS & GPRS test phone

Test and Measurement Tools

15



TEMS Investigation! For portable data collection indoors

and in other pedestrian areas

! Intuitive positioning by “Walk-and-Click”

! Maps, blueprints, or user drawings as background

! All TEMS Investigation WCDMA features readily available


16




TEMS Transmitter WCDMA 2100 / 1900 1.0! Transmit modes

! CPICH scrambling code! Continuous Wave

! Software adjustable power output up to 1 Watt! 0 – 30 dBm, in 1 dB steps

! Size / Weight! 210 x 128 x 32 mm(8.25 x 5 x 1.25 in)! 0.9 kg (excluding battery)

! Configuration and set-up through PC / Pocket PC device, via RS232 interface (or Bluetooth for 1900 MHz version)

! Optional battery enables operation for a duration of up to 4 hours

17



On-site measurements - planning

Closest other Node B sites

LOS to top floor

LOS to all floors

18



Ericsson Headquarters, Building 18 – Floor 1

EquipmentRoom (RBSs)

10 m

Omni Antenna

Measurement Path

A-18-1-5A-18-1-1

Measurement startand stop position

19



Omni Antenna

Measurementstarting position

Measurementstop position

Measurement Path

A-18-5-1 A-18-5-6

A-18-5-9

Ericsson Headquarters, Building 18 – Floor 5

10 m

20



RSSI level, outdoor-to-indoor

-110

-100

-90

-80

-70

-60

-50

-40

-30

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Measurement #

RSS

I, dB

m

Floor 1 (CDF 50% ~ -72 dBm)

Elevator area


-110

-100

-90

-80

-70

-60

-50

-40

-30

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Measurement #

RSS

I, dB

m



Elevator area

On-site measurements – Outdoor-to-indoor coverage

21



Peak Ec/No, outdoor-to-indoor

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

-12 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0

Peak Ec/No, dB

1-Pr

obab

ility

Floor 1

Comment to CDF 95% Ec/No values: Agg Ec/No ~ Peak Ec/No + 1 dB

Active Set Ec/No ~ Peak Ec/No + 2 dB

On-site measurements – Outdoor-to-indoor coverage

Peak Ec/No, outdoor-to-indoor

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

-14 -12 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0

Peak Ec/No, dB

1-Pr

obab

ility

Floor 5Floor 1


Active Set Ec/No ~ Peak Ec/No + 2 dB

22



On-site measurements – With indoor DAS, floor 1


-110

-100

-90

-80

-70

-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

Measurement #

RSS

I, dB

m

Floor 1 outdoor (CDF 50% ~ -72 dBm)

RSSI level, outdoor-to-indoor & indoor DAS

-110

-100

-90

-80

-70

-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

Measurement #

RSS

I, dB

m

Floor 1 indoor (CDF 50% ~ -42 dBm)


A-18-1-5A-18-1-1

A-18-1-5

23




-80

-70

-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Measurement #

RSS

I, dB

m


RSSI level, outdoor-to-indoor & indoor DAS

-80

-70

-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Measurement #

RSS

I, dB

m

Floor 5 indoor (CDF 50% ~ -49 dBm)

Floor 5 outdoor (CDF 50% ~ -64 dBm)A-18-5-6 A-18-5-9

A-18-5-1

On-site measurements – With indoor DAS, floor 5

24



Peak Ec/No, indoor DAS

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

-9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0

Peak Ec/No, dB

1-Pr

obab

ility

Floor 1


Peak Ec/No, indoor DAS

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

-9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0

Peak Ec/No, dB

1-Pr

obab

ility Floor 5

Floor 1


On-site measurements – With indoor DAS

25



On-site measurements – Initial results

! Low outdoor power levels compared to the indoor power levels " low interference - low i-factor (other-to-own-cell received power ratio)

! Peak Ec/No are > -6dB for 95% of the area (From outdoor the Ec/No was ~3dB lower)

! Average i-factor upper / lower floor: ~ 0.1/0.02 " High capacity if also assuming high orthogonality factors

! SHO area upper / lower floors: 8% / 0%Indoor-to-outdoor connections upper / lower floors: 2.5% / 0%

! Improved coverage in basement (garage) and smooth handover in the elevator

26



On-site measurements – Some practical hints

! Prepare measurement map for the different floors

! Collect data for each floor individually. Measure between the floors – elevator area

! For multi-operator system the “worst” operator interference from outdoor will determine the DAS design – feeder loss

27



Outline





28



GSM/GPRS/EDGE, WCDMA and WLAN

From outdoor& repeaters! Distributed Antenna

Systems (DAS)

!

Multi-radio systemsInter-operability

?Multi-standardMTs

GSM/UMTSon the Net ?Price, ..

GSM for speech is still the dominant indoor solution

For data we have to foresee…

29



GSM/GPRS/EDGE, WCDMA, WLAN data capacity

! How to compare available capacity from the different radio systems?! What the standard says.! Speech/data allocation, mobile performance, at which layer…! Current “typical” network performance (average cell

throughput), available spectrum

! Other factors! Mobiles availability (e.g. will we “soon” have GPRS/WLAN

mobile terminals)! Economical considerations

30



GSM/GPRS/EDGE, WCDMA, WLAN data capacity Average data capacity per

sector with available spectrum

Comments

GPRS

6 carriers × 8 timeslots × 8 kbps (ave cell throughput)

384 kbps

• No speech traffic, • Considers interference • FTP traffic The average cell throughput is 8 kbps per time slot. For a terminal capable of 4 time slots in the radio DL this means a user throughput of 32 kbps.

EDGE

6 carriers × 8 timeslots × 25 kbps

1200 kbps

• No speech traffic, • Considers interference • FTP traffic • All TRXs EDGE are capable The average cell throughput is 25 kbps per time slot. For a terminal capable of 4 time slots in the radio DL this means a user throughput of 100 kbps.

WCDMA

3×1700 kbps

5100 kbps

• No speech traffic, • Considers interference • FTP traffic For indoor, with i-factor = 0.2 and orthogonality factor = 0.2.

WLAN (802.11b)

3×4500 kbps

13500 kbps

• Considers interference • FTP traffic • Assuming only one WLAN operator! (Unlicensed

frequency bands) For 802.11g/a about 4/28 times the 802.11b capacity.

* For more info look e.g. at: Anders Furuskär, “Can 3G services be offered in existing spectrum?", Teknisk Licentiat, KTH Sweden 2001

31



Summary

! Pre-design measurements should be used to help set WCDMA design criteria

! Top floors may require more antennas and / or more power per antenna to overcome higher interference from outdoor macro network

! Low interference for the indoor DAS in Kista (average i-factor < 0.2) which means high (DL) capacity

! But the indoor WCDMA DAS design (feeder loss) has to consider all operators as for some the interference maybe higher

! The mobile terminals will decide in the future which radio system will be dominant in the indoor data market

Ericsson / TeliaSonera Case Study: Examining Indoor ...3G, WLAN / Bluetooth) in-building system implementation for Ericsson office buildings! Almost all employees will have a mobile

Documents