1 ERGONOMIC REDESIGN OF A SURGICAL STAPLING DEVICE Preliminary Report - BME Design 200/300 October 19, 2016 TEAM MEMBERS: Project Leader: Madelyn Goedland Communicator: Justin DeShaw BSAC: Gregory Wolf BWIG: Alexander Babinski BPAG: Jacob Andreae ADVISOR: Dr. Thomas Yen, University of Wisconsin, Department of Biomedical Engineering CLIENT: Dr. Amy Liepert, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Surgery ABSTRACT Laparoscopic surgery is a type of minimally invasive procedure conducted through a small incision in the abdomen. Through this port, entire operations can be performed. Cutting and stapling functions are often needed throughout the course of the surgery and specialized staplers have been designed for this purpose. The first surgical stapler was invented in 1908 and since then, hundreds of redesigns have been made, from fully mechanical to battery-powered models. Despite years of redesign, many problems still exist with these devices. More recently, the general population of surgeons has shifted to an aging and more women inclusive demographic. The size and function of current surgical staplers make them difficult to use for those with a smaller hand size and/or less powerful grip strength; this is the main problem our client, a young female surgeon, has with these devices. In mechanical designs, the force required to physically fire the staples is too great, sometimes requiring two-handed operation. While this particular problem is solved by battery-powered models, it subsequently adds additional weight and bulk to the device, making it uncomfortable during use. Many surgical staplers currently on the market contain these drawbacks. While our client uses solely Ethicon brand surgical staplers, other companies and products do exist. Our proposed solution is an attachment to a current mechanical model, in order to decrease the force required for firing the staples. Additionally, with this solution, a single product could ideally function with and improve multiple brands/models of surgical staplers.
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1
ERGONOMIC REDESIGN OF A SURGICAL STAPLING
DEVICE
Preliminary Report - BME Design 200/300
October 19, 2016
TEAM MEMBERS:
Project Leader: Madelyn Goedland
Communicator: Justin DeShaw
BSAC: Gregory Wolf
BWIG: Alexander Babinski
BPAG: Jacob Andreae
ADVISOR:
Dr. Thomas Yen, University of Wisconsin, Department of Biomedical Engineering
CLIENT:
Dr. Amy Liepert, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of
Surgery
ABSTRACT
Laparoscopic surgery is a type of minimally invasive procedure conducted through a
small incision in the abdomen. Through this port, entire operations can be performed. Cutting
and stapling functions are often needed throughout the course of the surgery and specialized
staplers have been designed for this purpose. The first surgical stapler was invented in 1908 and
since then, hundreds of redesigns have been made, from fully mechanical to battery-powered
models. Despite years of redesign, many problems still exist with these devices. More recently,
the general population of surgeons has shifted to an aging and more women inclusive
demographic. The size and function of current surgical staplers make them difficult to use for
those with a smaller hand size and/or less powerful grip strength; this is the main problem our
client, a young female surgeon, has with these devices. In mechanical designs, the force required
to physically fire the staples is too great, sometimes requiring two-handed operation. While this
particular problem is solved by battery-powered models, it subsequently adds additional weight
and bulk to the device, making it uncomfortable during use. Many surgical staplers currently on
the market contain these drawbacks. While our client uses solely Ethicon brand surgical staplers,
other companies and products do exist. Our proposed solution is an attachment to a current
mechanical model, in order to decrease the force required for firing the staples. Additionally,
with this solution, a single product could ideally function with and improve multiple
brands/models of surgical staplers.
2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. Introduction………………………………………………...…………….. 3
A. Motivation
B. Existing Devices
C. Problem Statement
II. Background…………………………………………..………………….. 5
A. Background Research
B. Client Information
C. Design Specifications
III. Preliminary Designs……………………………………………………. 6
A. Design 1: Mechanical Redesign
B. Design 2: Attachment to an Existing Device
C. Design 3: Powered Variant-CO2
D. Design 4: Powered Variant-Capacitors
IV. Preliminary Design Evaluation……………………………………….... 9
A. Design Matrix
B. Summary of Design Matrix
C. Proposed Final Design
V. References..……….……………………………………………………... 11
VI. Appendix: Product Design Specifications……………………………... 11
3
I. INTRODUCTION
A. Motivation
The 2014 Orthopaedic Practice in the United States (OPUS) Survey
conducted by the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons found that the
average surgeon age has been steadily increasing since 2008. The majority of full-
time employed orthopaedic surgeons range between the ages of 40 to 59 years
old. The majority of part-time employed orthopaedic surgeons are over 60 years
of age. The census also found an a steady increase in the percentage of females
orthopaedic surgeons than in previous decades. These changes in the orthopaedic
surgeon demographic influence the surgeon’s interaction with their tools [1].
A decrease in the quality of surgeon-device interaction has become
apparent in laparoscopic surgical procedures. Laparoscopic surgery is a minimally
invasive technique in which several sub-centimeter sized incisions are used to
access the body cavity of a patient [2]. A laparoscopic surgical stapling device is
often used during these procedures to close off and separate portions of tissue.
The device is composed of a handle, a long insertion rod, and a clamping
head. The rod is inserted through the patient’s abdominal incision and the head is
clamped around the target tissue. Triggers on the device handle are compressed to
dispense staples into the tissue while a blade cuts the tissue between the staples.
The device allows surgeons to resection (remove), transection (cut through), or