ErdmannCellsTargetI

8/4/2019 ErdmannCellsTargetI

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The Cell Theory

Cells are the smallest unit of life

All organisms are made of one or more

cells

All cells come from other cells


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The big picture:biological organization

atom

molecule

cell *

tissue

organ

organ system

organism

* smallest unitof life


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Why are cells small?

Use these figures and some basic math to explain

why cells are small

1 cm

1 cm

1 cm

2 cm

2 cm

2 cm
http://www.cellsalive.com/howbig.htmhttp://www.cellsalive.com/howbig.htm


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Cells, domains, and kingdoms(oh my!)

In what domains would you find eukaryotic cells?In what kingdoms?

In what domains would you find prokaryotic cells?

In what kingdoms?

Domain Bacteria Domain Archaea Domain Eukarya

L.U.C.A.

Kingdom

Protista

Kingdom

Fungi

Kingdom

Animalia

Kingdom

PlantaeKingdom Bacteria

Kingdom Archaea


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Compare & Contrast

Prokaryotic cells ONLY Eukaryotic cells ONLY

Both

Prokaryotic

AND

eukaryotic

cells


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Compare & Contrast - part deux

NOT in Plant

cells

NOT in Animal

cells

Both

animal

AND

plant

cells


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Prokaryotes / Eukaryotes no nucleus

no separateorganelles

only bacteria

evolved first

nucleus

many

organelles all other cells

evolved fromprokaryotes


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Prokaryotes / Eukaryotes Common Characteristics:

cell membrane

cytoplasm

ribosomes

contain DNA


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Plant or Animal?


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Plant or Animal?

ONLY found inplant cells:1. Cell Wall

2. Chloroplast (Plastid)3. Large, Central Vacuole

and Tonoplast

4. Plasmodesmata


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Plant1. Cell Wall - gives strength and

rigidity to cell

2. Chloroplast - green, site ofphotosynthesis

3. Vacuole - large, central storagespace

4. Plasmodesmata- channels throughcell walls


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Animal1. Lysosome- digestive enzymes,

macromoleculeshydrolyzed

2. Centrioles- pair, in centrosome

3. Flagella - some animal cellshave


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Cell parts you MUST know:

Cell wall

CytoskeletonNucleus

Nuclear pore

Nuclear envelope

Liposome

Lysosome

Peroxisome

Mitochondrion

Chloroplast

Centrosome

Cytoplasm

Endoplasmic reticulumRough & smooth

NucleolusRibosome

Golgi apparatus

FlagellumCilia

PlastidLeucoplast

Chloroplast

Amyloplast

Chromoplast

Glyoxysome

Plasma membrane


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Cell Applications & Thinking:Describe a cellular process that involves at least THREE

organelles. List organelles in the order in which they

are used during the cellular process.

Name a specific kind of cell in plant or animal tissuethat has an abundance or is completely lacking a

particular organelle. Explain how the number andkinds of organelles present in that cell dictate the cells(or tissues) function.

What is the significance of each membrane-boundorganelle having different proteins embedded withintheir membrane?


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CELL THOUGHTS TO PONDER:

IfElodeaand onion are BOTH plant, why dont

onion cells have chloroplasts, but the Elodea cellsdo?

Why couldnt we see mitochondria, ER, lysosomes,

ribosomes in any of our specimens cells when wedid the microscope lab?

Are plant & animal cells prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

Cite evidence from your lab observations!What structures between plant cells aid in

transport of materials thru plant body?


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Endosymbiont Hypothesis and the Origin of

Eukaryotic Cells

Evidence for Serial Endosymbiosis: Size of chloroplast & mitochondria about same size of prokaryotic cells Inner membranes of mitochondria & chloroplasts differ from the

membranes of cells plasma membrane Mitochondria & chloroplasts divide using binary fission like

prokaryotes Mitochondria & chloroplasts divide independent of rest of eukaryotic cell Mitochondria & chloroplasts have separate, circular ring of DNA like

modern prokaryotes Mitochondria & chloroplasts may be susceptible to antibiotics like bacteria Mitochondria & chloroplasts have ribosomes that are more similar to

prokaryotes

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