Er. Rabi Beura

Environment - Friendly Potential Projects for Orissa

Presented on the Occasion of First Prabasi Utkal Divas

And Annual OSA Symposiumon Orissa Development

Er. RabiEr. Rabi BeuraBeura

Agenda

Background / Necessity of Pollution Background / Necessity of Pollution Control Control

Present Pollution Status in Orissa (Air / Present Pollution Status in Orissa (Air / Water)Water)

Steps already takenSteps already taken Recommendations / Proposed Steps to Recommendations / Proposed Steps to

combat the problemcombat the problem Potential Pilot ProjectsPotential Pilot Projects ConclusionConclusion

Background / Necessity of Pollution Control We are now self sufficient in food grain through green revolution. The We are now self sufficient in food grain through green revolution. The

revolutions for shelter, education and health are in full swing and we revolutions for shelter, education and health are in full swing and we are going to achieve the desired target very soon.are going to achieve the desired target very soon.

But the work done in environment sector is negligible. Nothing But the work done in environment sector is negligible. Nothing significant has been done for Eradication and Prevention of Air and significant has been done for Eradication and Prevention of Air and Water Pollution.Water Pollution.

Poor people in Orissa cannot afford money for treatment of some Poor people in Orissa cannot afford money for treatment of some diseases caused due to environmental pollution. Now it is high time to diseases caused due to environmental pollution. Now it is high time to think over prevention of respiratory diseases mainly caused due to air think over prevention of respiratory diseases mainly caused due to air pollution and other water borne diseases. pollution and other water borne diseases.

NROs hesitate to stay more than a week in Orissa mainly due to NROs hesitate to stay more than a week in Orissa mainly due to polluted air and water though there are other problems like bad roads, polluted air and water though there are other problems like bad roads, traffic etc. Then how can we expect their involvement for traffic etc. Then how can we expect their involvement for Development of Orissa ? Also dealing with Govt. sector in Orissa is Development of Orissa ? Also dealing with Govt. sector in Orissa is quite different than that of their work place abroad.quite different than that of their work place abroad.

Present Pollution Status (Air)

AMBIENT AIR STANDARD (CPCB)AMBIENT AIR STANDARD (CPCB)  

Annual Mean Concentration Range (µg/m3)Annual Mean Concentration Range (µg/m3) Pollution LevelIndustrial Residential

SO2 & NO2 SPM SO2 & NO2 SPMLow (L) 0-40 0-80 0-30 0-70Moderate (M)40-80 180-360 30-60 70-140High (H) 80-120 360-540 60-90 140-210Critical ( C)>120 >540 > 90 > 210

Present Pollution Status (Air)

Ambient Air Quality Data Monitored by R.O., SPCB, Ambient Air Quality Data Monitored by R.O., SPCB, CuttackCuttack

(Monitoring station on the roof of Traffic Tower Badambadi)(Monitoring station on the roof of Traffic Tower Badambadi)

for 2004 (Conc. in µg/m3)for 2004 (Conc. in µg/m3)

MONTH SO2 NO2 RSPM SPM CSPMAPRIL AM 1.8 64.1 66.5 251.4 >210

MAX 2.1 68.1 89.9 320.8NOV AM 3.1 51.9 113 383

MAX 8.9 63.4 162 458

Present Pollution Status (Water)

Measured Water QualityMeasured Water Quality

Location Desired Class Existing Class Critical ParameterBRAHMANIDharmasala B D BODPattamundai B D BODRourkela B D BODMAHANADICuttack C D BODKATHAJODICuttack C D BODKUAKHAIBhubaneswar C D BOD

Present Pollution Status (Water)

Primary Water Quality CriteriaPrimary Water Quality CriteriaDesignated-Best-Use Class of Water Criteria Drinking

Water Source without A 1.Total Coliforms OrganismMPN/100ml shall be 50 Conventional Treatment but or less 2. pH between 6.5 and 8.5 3. Dissolved

After disinfection Oxygen 6mg/l or more 4. Biochemical Oxygen

Demand 5 days 20oC 2mg/l or less Outdoor Bathing (Organized) B 1.Total Coliforms OrganismMPN/100ml shall be 500 or less

2. pH between 6.5 and 8.5 3. Dissolved Oxygen 5mg/l or more4. Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5 days 20oC 3mg/l or less

Drinking Water Source after Conventional Treatment and disinfection C 1.Total Coliforms OrganismMPN/100ml shall be 5000 or

less 2. pH between 6and 9 3. Dissolved Oxygen 4mg/l or more 4. Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5 days 20oC 3mg/l or less

Propagation of Wild life and Fisheries D 1. pH between 6 and 9 2. Dissolved Oxygen 4mg/l or more3. Free Ammonia (as N) 1.2mg/l

Irrigation, Industrial Cooling, Controlled Waste Disposal E 1.pH between 6.0 and 8.5 2. Electrical Conductivity at 25oC micro mhos/cm Max. 2250

3. Sodium absorption Ratio Max. 25 4. Boron Max. 2mg/l

Present Pollution Status (Air / Water)

Runoff from non-point sources Runoff from non-point sources (construction sites, agril lands, roads, forest (construction sites, agril lands, roads, forest activities etc) are released without treatmentactivities etc) are released without treatment

Critical Air Polluted Areas and Polluted Critical Air Polluted Areas and Polluted Water bodies remain on attendedWater bodies remain on attended

Steps already taken

CPCB & OSPCB monitor water quality at few CPCB & OSPCB monitor water quality at few locations in Mahanadi, Brabhmani, Kathajodi, locations in Mahanadi, Brabhmani, Kathajodi, Kuakhai & IB Rivers.Kuakhai & IB Rivers.

Air Pollution monitoring station at Badambadi, Air Pollution monitoring station at Badambadi, Cuttack OSPCBCuttack OSPCB

Control and Prevention of Air and Water pollution Control and Prevention of Air and Water pollution at some point sources close to Industries at some point sources close to Industries

Nothing significant has done for Non-Point Nothing significant has done for Non-Point Sources Pollution ControlSources Pollution Control

Recommendations / Steps to combat the problem continue… 1. Create public awareness on Water Act, Air Act and Environment 1. Create public awareness on Water Act, Air Act and Environment

Protection Act and their scope, main provisions etc. Protection Act and their scope, main provisions etc. 2.2. Limits on pollutants entering the river from point and non-point Limits on pollutants entering the river from point and non-point

sources will be fixed in accordance with TMDLsources will be fixed in accordance with TMDL. Waste load . Waste load allocations should be given to watste water treatment plant and allocations should be given to watste water treatment plant and industry in both Municipal Corporations in the state. industry in both Municipal Corporations in the state.

Non-point sources such as agricultural watersheds, forestry activities, Non-point sources such as agricultural watersheds, forestry activities, road and housing development will be allocated with loads.road and housing development will be allocated with loads.

3. The polluted waters (streams) should be identified and priority for 3. The polluted waters (streams) should be identified and priority for treatment should be fixed.treatment should be fixed.

4. Sections 24, 25 and 26 of Water Act should be implemented strictly 4. Sections 24, 25 and 26 of Water Act should be implemented strictly both for Industries, individuals and Government agencies including both for Industries, individuals and Government agencies including municipal corporations and whoever contraventions the provisions municipal corporations and whoever contraventions the provisions should be punished in accordance to sections 43 and 44.should be punished in accordance to sections 43 and 44.

Recommendations / Steps to combat the problem continue… 5. Provision for Runoff water treatment should be implemented in 5. Provision for Runoff water treatment should be implemented in

urban areas. Builders doing construction work in more than 1 acre of urban areas. Builders doing construction work in more than 1 acre of land should be asked for construction of wetlands and treatment of land should be asked for construction of wetlands and treatment of runoff water before final disposal.runoff water before final disposal.

6. Exposed / bare soil in private and public land, roads, embankments 6. Exposed / bare soil in private and public land, roads, embankments etc should be treated with vegetative cover. Roads in highly populated etc should be treated with vegetative cover. Roads in highly populated areas should be dust free and wherever not possible, water spray can areas should be dust free and wherever not possible, water spray can be done time to time.be done time to time.

7. The holistic watershed approach should be strictly followed for 7. The holistic watershed approach should be strictly followed for identification and treatment of problem area for surface water quality identification and treatment of problem area for surface water quality protection.protection.

8. Different hydrologic models and watershed models should be used 8. Different hydrologic models and watershed models should be used for prediction of maximum runoff, peak flow etc. for prediction of maximum runoff, peak flow etc.

5. Treatment of Surface Water From Construction Site

Proposed WetlandLocation

Surface Water Disposal

Constuction / Drainage Area

Recommendations / Steps to combat the problem continue… 9. Air polluted areas should be identified and treated.9. Air polluted areas should be identified and treated. 10. A network of air and water monitoring systems should be 10. A network of air and water monitoring systems should be

established.established. 11. Storm water erosion and sediment control training can be made 11. Storm water erosion and sediment control training can be made

compulsory for engineers, contractors, builders.compulsory for engineers, contractors, builders. 12. Air quality improvement in heavy traffic locations like 12. Air quality improvement in heavy traffic locations like

Badambadi bus stand area in Cuttack Municipal Corporation needs Badambadi bus stand area in Cuttack Municipal Corporation needs immediate attention.immediate attention.

13. Only licensed professionals should be allowed for all 13. Only licensed professionals should be allowed for all engineering construction works. Time to time technical training engineering construction works. Time to time technical training each year for some specific hours should be the criteria for renewal each year for some specific hours should be the criteria for renewal of licences.of licences.

14. Pollution data should be available through regional offices at 14. Pollution data should be available through regional offices at district level free of cost.district level free of cost.

Recommendations / Steps to combat the problem continue… 15. Reforms in Govt. Organizatios 15. Reforms in Govt. Organizatios Reforms in Government OrganizationsReforms in Government Organizations is is

need of the hour for efficiency and quality work need of the hour for efficiency and quality work as practiced in developed countries.as practiced in developed countries.

Compulsory training to each employee including Compulsory training to each employee including high level burocrats and technocrats for certain high level burocrats and technocrats for certain hours before granting annual increament and hours before granting annual increament and promotion, the existing system of one time promotion, the existing system of one time minimum education at the time of entering the minimum education at the time of entering the government jobs should be modified. government jobs should be modified.

Recommendations / Steps to combat the problem continue… 15. Reforms in Govt. Organizatios 15. Reforms in Govt. Organizatios

Encourage to Encourage to train government employees at train government employees at their own effort in Foreign countries / abroadtheir own effort in Foreign countries / abroad or in other advanced states by granting leave or in other advanced states by granting leave upto 5 years without hampering their seniority in upto 5 years without hampering their seniority in job and without any financial help/ part help job and without any financial help/ part help (this can also help government from present (this can also help government from present financial burden), financial burden),

Recommendations / Steps to combat the problem continue… 15. Reforms in Govt. Organizatios 15. Reforms in Govt. Organizatios Deployment of existing govt staffs (In stead of Deployment of existing govt staffs (In stead of

compulsory retirement, encourage voluntary compulsory retirement, encourage voluntary retirement), involvement of Employees Union, retirement), involvement of Employees Union, due respect to common people by govt due respect to common people by govt employees, respect to sub-ordinate staffs by employees, respect to sub-ordinate staffs by burocrats and high level technocrats, H/ R cell burocrats and high level technocrats, H/ R cell for each department to sort out problems of for each department to sort out problems of employees, Efficiency study cell including self employees, Efficiency study cell including self performance study by each employee, time performance study by each employee, time frame for each work. frame for each work.

Recommendations / Steps to combat the problem continue… 15. Reforms in Govt. Organizatios 15. Reforms in Govt. Organizatios Eradication of corruption and proper initiatives Eradication of corruption and proper initiatives

to executants and officials in each sector on to executants and officials in each sector on achieving certain goals.achieving certain goals.

Different engineering works / rural Different engineering works / rural development works should be executed by development works should be executed by registered professionals, compulsory training to registered professionals, compulsory training to these people each year for certain hours before these people each year for certain hours before renewal of licenses by professional Institutes renewal of licenses by professional Institutes

Recommendations / Steps to combat the problem continue… 15. Reforms in Govt. Organizatios 15. Reforms in Govt. Organizatios Responsibility of office heads to extract work Responsibility of office heads to extract work

from each employee in a constructive way, work from each employee in a constructive way, work target to each employees, make 5 days week target to each employees, make 5 days week without reducing working hours, encourage govt without reducing working hours, encourage govt employees for community service in their own employees for community service in their own field of specialization on each Saturday, field of specialization on each Saturday, people’s participation in government work etc people’s participation in government work etc can be adopted.can be adopted.

Potential Pilot Projects 1. Watershed Management1. Watershed Management - -Though tremendous work has Though tremendous work has

been done in our state, still we lag Qualitative data and innovative been done in our state, still we lag Qualitative data and innovative ideas.ideas.

For control of water pollution, treatment of surface water is most For control of water pollution, treatment of surface water is most essential. The holistic Watershed concept should be applied in essential. The holistic Watershed concept should be applied in treating the geo-hydrologic unit contributing to the stream. treating the geo-hydrologic unit contributing to the stream. Integrated watershed management can be made economical, Integrated watershed management can be made economical, scientifically and technically sound using hydrologic computer scientifically and technically sound using hydrologic computer models and watershed computer models coupled with GIS. models and watershed computer models coupled with GIS. Using Using overlapping technique multiple layers/maps containing watershed overlapping technique multiple layers/maps containing watershed boundaries, soil types, DEM, DTM, land use, precipitation in the boundaries, soil types, DEM, DTM, land use, precipitation in the watershed, terrain, water bodies, roads, development trend, watershed, terrain, water bodies, roads, development trend, employment trend etc can be stored, displayed, compiled and employment trend etc can be stored, displayed, compiled and analyzed for different purposesanalyzed for different purposes. Watershed models like AGNPS, WEEP, . Watershed models like AGNPS, WEEP, SHE, RUSLE, SMR model can be used. Similarly for hydrologic design and SHE, RUSLE, SMR model can be used. Similarly for hydrologic design and modeling we can use HEC, HMS, TR 55. For ground water flow MODFLOW modeling we can use HEC, HMS, TR 55. For ground water flow MODFLOW can be used. Choosing appropriate model for a particular watershed should can be used. Choosing appropriate model for a particular watershed should only be done by watershed consultant engineers having sufficient experience only be done by watershed consultant engineers having sufficient experience in use of aforesaid models.in use of aforesaid models.

Potential Pilot Projects

Cont..Cont.. Remote control technique and data imagery maps can be Remote control technique and data imagery maps can be

used for assessment of land use and erosion if the used for assessment of land use and erosion if the watershed is large in size and not accessible.watershed is large in size and not accessible.

Soil Conservation department can give technical support at Soil Conservation department can give technical support at the field level for soil and water conservation measures, the field level for soil and water conservation measures, agricultural planning, implementation and monitoring agricultural planning, implementation and monitoring needs related to water quality limited surface waters and needs related to water quality limited surface waters and conservation of other natural resources. conservation of other natural resources. Different Different watershed management alternatives can be explored watershed management alternatives can be explored according to need of the watershed concerned and a according to need of the watershed concerned and a Decision Support System (DSS) can be developed for the Decision Support System (DSS) can be developed for the watershed.watershed.

Potential Pilot Projects

2. GIS Mapping and Emergency 2. GIS Mapping and Emergency ResponseResponse

Develop Geographic Information System (GIS) mapping and Develop Geographic Information System (GIS) mapping and database for a pilot area, which then may be extended to the entire database for a pilot area, which then may be extended to the entire district. The GIS database and the map may contain layers of district. The GIS database and the map may contain layers of information such as, demographic, census, political, geographic, information such as, demographic, census, political, geographic, geologic, environmental, hydrologic, transportation, government geologic, environmental, hydrologic, transportation, government facilities, security, emergency response, etc. facilities, security, emergency response, etc.

The political and geographical boundaries will be spot surveyed The political and geographical boundaries will be spot surveyed with Global Positioning System (GPS) survey.with Global Positioning System (GPS) survey.

This would tremendously benefit the District administrators, security This would tremendously benefit the District administrators, security authorities, and emergency response activities (including ambulatory, authorities, and emergency response activities (including ambulatory, fire, security threats, crime investigation, natural disasters, relief fire, security threats, crime investigation, natural disasters, relief distribution, etc). distribution, etc).

Potential Pilot Projects

3. Waste Management Plan3. Waste Management Plan The waste management plan may primarily include The waste management plan may primarily include

solid waste, hazardous waste, and waste water issues.solid waste, hazardous waste, and waste water issues. Immediate action may begin with solid waste Immediate action may begin with solid waste

management plan and implementation on a small scale management plan and implementation on a small scale (pilot area) by building sustainable partnership. This is (pilot area) by building sustainable partnership. This is a common problem and the public can be easily a common problem and the public can be easily educated, and implementation of a solid waste educated, and implementation of a solid waste management plan has a better chance of success. This management plan has a better chance of success. This needs low infrastructure cost (capital cost). Biogas needs low infrastructure cost (capital cost). Biogas plants and bio-fertilizer plants can be established. plants and bio-fertilizer plants can be established.

Potential Pilot Projects

4. Long-Term Water Supply Plan4. Long-Term Water Supply Plan Water supply issues to meet the long-term goal can Water supply issues to meet the long-term goal can

be developed on a local scale and then extended to be developed on a local scale and then extended to a larger network at a later date to complete the a larger network at a later date to complete the long-term water supply for the entire district. It long-term water supply for the entire district. It needs moderate level of capital investment. Will needs moderate level of capital investment. Will develop a practical plan for a pilot zone based on develop a practical plan for a pilot zone based on our knowledge and experience. We will utilize the our knowledge and experience. We will utilize the information developed so far by the government information developed so far by the government authorities for the state as a starting point.authorities for the state as a starting point.

Potential Pilot Projects

5. Flood and Drought Control Plan5. Flood and Drought Control Plan The available hydro-meteorological information and The available hydro-meteorological information and

the historical flooding and drought events for the the historical flooding and drought events for the problem area can be analyzed, and a plan for problem area can be analyzed, and a plan for integrated flood and drought control for a pilot zone integrated flood and drought control for a pilot zone can be developed. This may involve moderate level of can be developed. This may involve moderate level of infrastructures and institutional involvement. infrastructures and institutional involvement. Ultimately, the goal is to protect the public from at Ultimately, the goal is to protect the public from at least 25-year flood and more desirably the 100-year least 25-year flood and more desirably the 100-year flood. This would also include a monitoring network flood. This would also include a monitoring network that may be used for future predictions.that may be used for future predictions.

Potential Pilot Projects (from own experience)

6. Comprehensive Rural Development Plan6. Comprehensive Rural Development Plan This is an ideal goal to develop a rural area involving only This is an ideal goal to develop a rural area involving only

small scale area at a time, and then eventually integrating small scale area at a time, and then eventually integrating similar rural developments on a long run. similar rural developments on a long run.

This would include small and low cost infrastructural This would include small and low cost infrastructural improvement in the area involving GIS database and improvement in the area involving GIS database and mapping, water supply development, waste management mapping, water supply development, waste management implementation, flood control, and renewable energy implementation, flood control, and renewable energy generation and distribution. Many of the ideas and generation and distribution. Many of the ideas and concepts currently exist in the world (including in India) as concepts currently exist in the world (including in India) as independent components. The goal is to bring these ideas independent components. The goal is to bring these ideas together in a cost effective and affordable manner.together in a cost effective and affordable manner.

Watershed Map

Piezo Locations

DEM

Conclusion

Environment Friendly Projects should be given Environment Friendly Projects should be given priority and each Proposed Project should be priority and each Proposed Project should be environmentally soundenvironmentally sound

Reforms and Time to Time Training to GOs and Reforms and Time to Time Training to GOs and NGOs are essentialNGOs are essential

THANKSTHANKS

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