Equity workshop: Rights, poverty and equity in conservation

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Dilys Roee

March 26-27 2015Author name

Date

Dilys Roee

26-27 March

Dilys Roe

Rights, poverty, equity

in conservation

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Dilys Roee

March 26-27 2015

Protected Areas and Equity –

Where did it all come from? • 1992 - Equity in preamble to CBD

• 2000: IUCN World Conservation Congress, Amman –significant shift towards addressing social issues. Disquiet about equity - and the need to address it within the CBD -

• 2002 : CBD starts to develop draft PoWPA

• 2003: World Parks Congress – raft of recommendations on poverty, rights, governance

• 2004: POWPA adopted with new work stream on Governance, Participation, Equity and Benefit Sharing

• 2006: PAEL

• 2010: Aichi Targets

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Dilys Roee

March 26-27 2015Rights• 1975: IUCN General Assembly: Zaire Resolution - indigenous peoples’ rights

should be taken into account in national parks and other protected areas (Holdgate, 1999).

• 1982: Third World Parks Congress in Bali advocated the implementation of joint management arrangements between societies that have traditionally managed resources and protected area authorities

• 1989: “Two Agendas on Amazon Development” (COICA, 1989) emphasized need for partnerships, alliances, co-management of protected areas

• 1990s – 2000s: increasing documentation of negative social impacts of Pas (Dan Brockington et al)

• 2003: WPC includes major focus on indigenous rights and protected areas governance (to annoyance of some)

• 2008: WCC Resolution 4.52 “Implementing the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples and Resolution 4.056 on “Rights-based Approach to Conservation,”

• 2012: WCC Adopts new Policy on Conservation and Human Rights for Sustainable Development

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Dilys Roee

March 26-27 2015

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Dilys Roee

March 26-27 2015Poverty• People and parks issue long recognised

• 1971 Man and Biosphere programme launched

• 1980 World Conservation Strategy

• 1985 WWF Wildlife and Human Needs

• Mid – late 80s – rise of CBNRM in Southern Africa and elsewhere

• 1992: CBD

• Late 1990s: protection vs participation debate

• Late 1990s – poverty becomes focus of development policy

• Initial backlash from conservation organisations – eg (Sanderson & Redford, 2003).

• 2000: World Conservation Congress – recommendation that “IUCN address poverty simultaneously with environmental rehabilitation”;

• 2002 – CBD target: achieve by 2010 a significant reduction of the current rate of biodiversity loss as a contribution to poverty alleviation and to the benefit of all life on earth.’

• 2002 – WSSD – poverty reduction overriding priority of sustainable development

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Dilys Roee

March 26-27 2015World Parks Congress 2003

Durban Accord notes “that many costs of protected areas are born locally – particular by poor communities – while the benefits accrue globally” (WPC 2003: 2).

WPC Rec V.29: protected areas should strive to contribute to poverty reduction at the local level and at very minimum should not contribute to or exacerbate poverty.

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Dilys Roee

March 26-27 2015Poverty

2008: CBD target integrated into MDGs

2010: CBD Cop10

• Strategic plan for biodiversity mission mission to halt the loss of biodiversity…. thereby ‘contributing to human well-being, and poverty eradication.’

• Decision (X/VI) has a sole focus on poverty and is the culmination of numerous previous Decisions emphasising the need for integration of biodiversity and poverty agendas.

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Dilys Roee

March 26-27 2015

Key issues associated with poverty: ABS, TK, Sustainable Use

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Dilys Roee

March 26-27 2015

Rights based approaches to

conservation

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Dilys Roee

March 26-27 2015Pro-Poor Conservation

“A group of the world’s largest conservation and environmental NGOs have come together to announce tonight their commitment to integrate conservation and development efforts. After working for decades in some of the world’s most impoverished places, the environmental community knows the critical need to work for improved livelihoods, respect indigenous and vulnerable peoples, and seek sustainable responses to the root causes that lead jointly to poverty and ecological disruption.”

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Dilys Roee

March 26-27 2015

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Dilys Roee

March 26-27 2015

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Dilys Roee

March 26-27 2015

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Dilys Roee

March 26-27 2015

Rights – Poverty – Equity

2004: Third IUCN World Conservation Congress,

Resolution 3.015 “Conserving Nature and Reducing

Poverty by Linking Human Rights and the

Environment”. This resolution affirmed that “… social

equity cannot be achieved without the promotion,

protection and guarantee of all human rights…”

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Dilys Roee

March 26-27 2015Present day – return to equity?

Aichi target 11 – protected areas should be effectively

and equitably managed

Rights based approaches – human rights and

conservation

Poverty declining on the international development

agenda?

SDGs the new framing for conservation?

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Dilys Roee

March 26-27 2015Thank you