COMING EVENTS AREA MAP SERVICE DIRECTORY VET CONTACTS SERVICE DIRECTORY VET CONTACTS COMING EVENTS AREA MAP Volume 6. Issue 2. Winter 2014 Volume 6. Issue 2. Winter 2014 Straight from the Horse’s Mouth Straight from the Horse’s Mouth F R E E F R E E Muscle Disorders Neck Thread Worms Splints Coat Colour and Pattern Matilda the Healing Donkey Saddle Fitting Muscle Disorders Coat Colour and Pattern Saddle Fitting Neck Thread Worms Matilda the Healing Donkey Splints Leg Wrap Poultice
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EQUINE NEWS And Trade Services Directory - WINTER 2014
Equine News is a hard copy quarterly magazine offering information on horse health, horse care and a calendar of horse events. Also containing a trade directory of services available throughout the equine industry.Available free from your local produce/saddlery store throughout NSW, Qld and Vic or subscribe to have it delivered to your door so you never miss another issue.
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
COMING EVENTS
AREA MAP
SERVICE DIRECTORY
VET CONTACTS
SERVICE DIRECTORY
VET CONTACTS
COMING EVENTS
AREA MAP
Volume 6. Issue 2. Winter 2014Volume 6. Issue 2. Winter 2014Straight from the Horse’s MouthStraight from the Horse’s Mouth
FREE
FREE
Muscle Disorders
Neck Thread Worms
Splints
Coat Colour and Pattern
Matilda the Healing Donkey
Saddle Fitting
Muscle Disorders
Coat Colour and Pattern
Saddle Fitting
Neck Thread Worms
Matilda the Healing Donkey
Splints
Leg Wrap Poultice
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Cover Shot:“Tom Thumb”muscled up.
Courtesy ofKaPa Photography
Neck Threadworms 4-6
Splints in Horses 8-9
The Canny Lad dynasty continues 11
New Findings inMuscle Disorders 13-17
Coat Colour and Pattern 18-19
Preparing for a Foal 20
Matilda the Healing Donkey 22-23 Win a HorseOm GIFTPACK!! 23
Area Map 24-25 Coming Events 27-31
Dirk Shrade Set to Star Equitana Melbourne 32
Al Fares Dubai “The Formula One for Horses” 32-33
Red Victor joins NHPRT 34
Saddlefit4Life - Part 1 38-39
Service Directory 41-46
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Photo Courtesy of Massimo Argenziano
Could Your Horse's
Queensland Itch
be a Case of
Neck Threadworms?
Could Your Horse's
Queensland Itch be a Case of
Neck Threadworms?Look on any ivermectin or moxidectin-based wormer packet and you'll see a long list of parasites. Tucked in neatly at the
end, you'll see the words Onchocerca Microfilariae, otherwise known as neck threadworms.
What are Neck Threadworms?
These parasites vary in length from 6cm to 30cm and, astonishingly, they live in the horse's nuchal ligament, which runs from the horse's poll to its withers. Apparently, most horses have Onchocerca. For many they're not a problem, but some horses develop a reaction to their microscopic larvae (the microfilariae). The resulting condition is known as Onchocerciasis. The microscopic larvae live in the horse's skin, mostly around the head, neck, shoulders, chest and underside of the belly. These worms have a complicated existence, going through several larval stages before reaching adulthood. The larvae are transported between horses by culicoids (biting midges), but it's the dying larvae that cause the itching. It's the adult worm that later makes its home in the nuchal ligament.
What are the Symptoms?
Affected horses become itchy, mostly around the head, neck, chest, shoulders and underside of the belly. That's why owners often make the understandable assumption that their horse has Queensland Itch. Just to confuse things more, the biting insect that serves as a carrier is the biting midge, which is also connected to Queensland Itch. The problem is global and horses in most countries have been found to have this parasite.
Is it Queensland Itch - or Neck Threadworms?
If your horse is itchy, one of three things could be happening:
How do we Identify Neck Threadworms?
It's very individual, but the problem often begins as a new itchy and scurfy patch on the lower part of the neck of a horse who has never been itchy. Or, a horse may suddenly started furiously itching its face. Other signs include small lumps forming along the underside of the horse and on its neck and face, as well as weeping spots, and/or a scaly crest to an area of the mane through rubbing. You may be able to feel pea-sized bumps in the crest.
The veterinary approach to testing is via a biopsy of the nuchal ligament. However, a dose of ivermectin-based wormer is the quickest way to tell. If the microfilariae are present, the horse usually responds with intense itching around 48 to 72 hours after worming. It may also develop weeping spots at the base of the mane, similar to the response to paralysis ticks.
l Your horse may have Queensland Itch - and nothing else. Not all itching horses have neck threadworms.
l Or, your horse has an inflammatory reaction to neck threadworms and has increased its sensitivity, so it has developed Queensland Itch as a secondary response.
l Your horse only has neck threadworms.
After first worming - the pustules have erupted at the base of the mane with intense itching, copyright Jane Clothier
4 Equine News Winter 2014
www.equinenews.com.au 5
Treating the Problem
Which Wormer Should You Use?
The Remaining Questions
You can't kill the adult worms, only the larval form. At best, you're managing the problem by bringing down the larvae population. Remember that as there's no single recommended protocol for worming against neck threadworms, you're in fairly uncharted territory.
Option 1: If caught early, use a regular dosage of an ivermectin-based wormer, multiple times until symptoms subside. The recommended interval is a week, but do check with your equine vet first.
Option 2: Give a double dose of wormer at fortnightly intervals. It's usually around three doses, or until symptoms subside. One reason is that lower doses do not kill off enough larvae. Wormers are certainly tested as safe at higher dosages, but again, horses are individuals, so always check with your equine vet first.
Option 3: Others say that an injection of ivermectin can be more effective, with off-label use of a product such as Dectomax being recommended when all else has failed. Again, do check with your equine vet.
Some say that an ivermectin wormer is most effective. One small comfort is that ivermectin wormers are available in the lower price ranges. This is helpful, especially if you're worming multiple horses. It may even be worth looking at the large bottles of liquid wormer for greater economy.
Praziquantel wormers also work. Published research has shown that moxidectin-based wormers are equally as effective (but don't double-dose with this one – only with ivermectin). Whichever option you follow, it's worth following this worming protocol with regular probiotics to support a healthy gut. When it comes to neck threadworms, worming is a necessary evil, but we owe it to the horse to minimise any negative effects.
Most of the information that's available on neck threadworms hails from the US. When findings are applied worldwide, it's important to remember that some conditions can be “similar but different” - especially when a third species, the biting midge (culicoid fly), is involved. There are many species of these flies, and European research into the itch has shown that different species may bite different parts of the horse's body.
And it doesn't stop there: studies of cattle in Darwin have revealed more than one type of Onchocerca being present, with two more species being present in the 'wrong' animal, that being the mammal they're not normally associated with. This suggests that some species of flies are hopping from one species of mammal to another.
Continued over...
Midline itching - Photo copyright the blog, Baba Yaga’s Mirror
Onchocerca cervicalis - Photo supplied by www.vet.uga.edu
Another point that isn't answered by research is whether it's only one life stage of the microfilariae that causes itching when killed by the ivermectin wormer. If the adult worms are living in the nuchal ligament, then it follows that first stage larvae must travel away from ligament (ie, top line of the neck) through subcutaneous layers before entering the mouthparts of the biting midge.
As to where the horse rubs, most horses will only ever scratch the parts that they can comfortably reach. Most horses can scratch their toplines on branches and fences, whereas far fewer are seen scratching their bellies on the ground. They will always break the skin in any area that they scratch in earnest, and consequently the blood that's drawn then attracts the biting flies to that area
One thing is certain, many horses with neck threadworms are going unreported. An owner who notices their horse scratching its mane is more likely to presume it's a case of Queensland Itch, whereas an owner whose horse scratches its belly is more likely to contact a vet. It entirely makes sense that more extreme cases, with all over itching and rubbed patches, are more likely to make it into veterinary research.
All this shows us that there's a need for more research. For the horse owner, it really doesn't matter which type of Onchocerca or biting fly is involved, as the outcome is the same: an uncomfortable horse. As things stand, the violently itchy reaction after receiving a dose of ivermectin is widely recognised as being a strong indication and the treatment is repeated doses of ivermectin (or moxidectin/praziquantel) until the symptoms subside.
Neck Threadworms continued...
You can read the full length version of this article, The Disturbing Truth About Neck Threadworms and your Itchy Horse, on the website: www.thehorsesback.com
There is also a follow-up article on how to manage the problem, How to Fight the Big Fight Against Neck Threadworms.
Nuchal - another image of the nuchal ligament - Photo copyright www.sustainabledressage.com
Both articles were written by Jane Clothier, an equine bodyworker who is based in Armidale, where she is undertaking postgraduate research at the University of New England and CSIRO. Jane provides bodywork services in the Armidale region and in Coffs Harbour.
Jane Clothier - Balanced Horse Ph: 0447 672 523 www.balancedhorse.com.au
About the Author - Jane Clothier
6 Equine News Winter 2014
Heading photo Copyright Jane Clothier
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8 Equine News Winter 2014
KNEEKNEE
SPLINTBONE
SPLINTBONE
CANNONBONE
CANNONBONE
FETLOCKFETLOCK
What is a “splint”?
A “splint” in a horse is a bony lump or swelling in the region of the splint bones. The splint bones are the long thin metacarpal (or metatarsal if referring to the hind legs) bones 2 and 4 (to be called MC2/4 in this article), and they lie beside the main cannon bone (metacarpal or metatarsal bone 3 - to be called MC3 in this article) - (see image left). Thus they occur between the fetlock and the knee.
Splints can occur in both front and rear legs, but more common in the front legs. And they are more common on the inside of the leg than the outside. They can occur in 1 or more legs at the same time, but usually just in the one leg.
The exact cause of a splint is when the fibrous ligament, that keeps the thin splint bone (MC2 or 4) attached to the thick cannon bone (Mc3), is
overstretched and damaged. In response to the resulting inflammation, a bony lump develops.
Splints can be painful, but not always. Most of them are sore to begin with, but the pain reduces over several weeks. If severe, they can cause the horse to be “head bobbing” lame. In the painful period, it is important to differentiate a “Splint” from a fracture of the splint bone, through the use of x-rays. Fractures will remain painful for much longer and sometimes need surgery to alleviate them from causing ongoing pain and problems. Splints can be unsightly and undesirable in the show ring led classes.
...................................... (see image below)
SPLINTS
SPLINTS
In HorsesIn HorsesWhat can cause them?
Splints can be caused by several things and are often multifactorial. Causes such as conformational faults, overwork, foot imbalance, rough workout surface that contributes to the horse knocking itself during fast work and turns can all contribute to a splint forming.
Splints usually form in young performance horses, and can actually be a form of the horse's leg “reinforcing” itself and making that side of the leg stronger and more able to handle the load that goes down that side of the leg. Thus the reason why conformational faults such as offset or bench knees can predispose a horse to splints.
How to prevent them?From the list of causes above, prevention of splints forming, can be easier said than done! They usually are a real surprise, even to the most astute trainer. However the following can aid in their prevention:
- Use a qualified, competent and experienced farrier on your performance horse, and continue to be involved with how they shoe or trim your horse. Most competent farriers will be happy to discuss your horse's foot and leg conformation with them etc. Providing a safe, covered, level surface for your farrier to work will greatly assist them being able to do their best work. Similarly, having your horse adequately trained to accept picking up and filing of their feet is essential.
A B C
Bench Knees
Filing of feet should commence as a foal to ensure proper training and development of the feet and legs.
A firm boney swellingon the inside of the rightcannon bone is a classic
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For young performance horses, use shin and tendon boots that protect the horse from “whacking” the splint region with the foot from the other leg. Try to work on safe work out surfaces, especially when working faster and sharper turns etc.
When increasing work of a horse, always do it gradually over weeks, months and years. This will allow time for the horse's bones, muscles, tendons and ligaments to increase their strength and durability.
Monitor the splint region of the leg each day (along with other areas of the lower legs), through looking at the legs and running your hands over the entire area. Look for signs of heat, pain and swelling. If you detect a small swelling there (1-2 cm diameter), then contact your vet and give the horse a short spell for 2-6 weeks.
-
-
-
-
Working on sand, wearing shin and tendon boots
How to treat them?
Your equine vet will give you individual treatment advice, and the following is just a guide. It may be necessary to spell the horse for 6 weeks to allow the splint inflammation to settle down. Careful consideration and correction of any foot or shoeing imbalance needs to be undertaken as soon as possible.
X-rays of the feet, fetlock and cannon bones may assist this assessment for your farrier and vet. Use of roll-on anti-inflammatories can also help to minimise the development of bony swellings and to help speed up the reduction in size of them. Use of blistering agents is quite controversial and should be avoided in the majority of cases.
(Right) X-ray of lower limbs - A-P view
Dr Oliver Liyou operates Equine Veterinary and Dental Services in
Grafton. Here he conducts training workshops in Equine Dentistry and
Reproduction for veterinarians, along with standing a stock horse stallion, Bromac
Aladar, who continues to throw foals with very tolerant and hard to offend
temperaments! Bromac Aladar
with a new admirer.
About the Author:
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10 Equine News Winter 2014
The colt “He's No Pie Eater” unfortunately died from a freak accident while in training at age of only 3. From only 16 starts he won 10 races of which 2 were Group 1 races, being the Chipping Norton Stakes (1600m) and the Rosehill Guineas (2000m). His connections were in the process of retiring him to stud at a reported price of $10 mil.
Fortunately however, that colt has a full-brother in the form of “Canny Show” and he has the bloodline credentials to fulfil the promising stud career of his brother. Unraced due to injury, “Canny Show” is undoubtedly the best bred sire-son of Canny Lad. His dam-line includes blue-hen royalty such as Show Lady and Best in Show, whose family includes Redoute's Choice, Platinum Scissors, Manhatten Rain and Al Maher.
He now stands at the Kootingal NSW Stud, Tanglewood Farm at a Fee of only $3,300 and enquiries can directed to Brian Worth Tel: 0437 605 268.
Free of any Danehill blood, “Canny Show” is being applauded as the most likely sire to continue the successful dynasty established by Canny Lad.
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Canny Lad was a Champion multiple G1 performer and winner of the famous G1 Golden Slipper for 2 year-olds.At stud he commanded a service fee of $16,500. His long stud career was great which was evidenced by his progeny's earnings being over $53 mil with over 64% winners to runners. His racing progeny included Group winners Republic Lass (earnings $1,530,000) and He's No Pie Eater (earnings $720,000).
The passing of Canny Lad in June was a sad day for many in the Thoroughbred industry.
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Semitendinous
Middle gluteal
Semimembranosus
23
24
25
NEW
FIN
DIN
GS
on MuscleDisorders
By Dr J H Stewart BVSc BSc PhD MRCVS Dip BEP
These terms include a number of conditions that cause muscle pain associated with exercise and the spectrum of disorders now comes under the diagnosis of equine exertional rhabdomyolysis syndrome (exertional = linked to exercise, rhabdo = muscle, myolysis = muscle damage, syndrome = a range of causes) or ERS. Another common term is recurrent equine rhabdomyolysis or RER.
ERS affects any age, breed or gender of equine and results in pain and partial or complete inability to move. It can manifest as a show pony that can't lengthen when asked, a dressage horse that behaves badly during training, a racehorse that shows poor performance and failure to finish strongly, poor exercise tolerance and recovery, or a horse that cannot move. Pain most often occurs in the hindlimbs, specifically the semitendinous, semimembranosus and gluteal muscles.
any terms have been used to describe horses that develop muscle pain and cramping during or after Mexercise - including tying-up, set fast, azoturia,
paralytic myoglobinuria, acidosis and Monday morning disease.
The severity and frequency of attacks varies between and within horses, however surveys have found that it affects 5-7% of thoroughbreds, 8% of polo ponies, 14% of eventers, and around 2% of the horse population in Australia.
Horses that 'tie up' repeatedly are referred to as 'chronic'. Chronic tying up may be due to
PSSM) or to RER. In PSSM there is an accumulation of glycogen (a form of glucose) in muscle tissue. The glycogen that accumulates is abnormal in structure and prevents the horse from using the normal glycogen that is stored in muscle for use during exercise. Affected horses have the classical elevated muscle enzymes on a blood test and to diagnose PSSM requires muscle biopsies. This condition has a genetic basis and is most common in Quarter horses.
Affected horses can be divided into 2 groups:
1. those with an underlying genetic muscle defect such as equine polysaccharide storage myopathy (EPSM) and recurrent exertional rhabdomyolysis (RER), and foals of affected mares and stallions have a 50% chance of inheriting the gene.
2. those without an underlying muscle defect where the cause is due to diet and exercise imbalances.
For genetically predisposed horses, PSSM and EPSM present as the same condition, but there are 2 possible genetic causes. One form is due to too much glycogen (sugar) in the muscles, the other with abnormal glycogen in the muscles. It is most common in Quarterhorses, Paints, Appaloosas, Draft breeds, Morgans and Warmbloods, but not thought to occur in Thoroughbreds. The prevalence in Quarterhorses is reported to be 6-12%. Affected horses produce lower blood glucose and insulin responses to high-starch feeds, and store a higher proportion of glucose in their muscle - which leads to muscle cramping during light, aerobic and submaximal exercise, but not during anaerobic exercise. Triggering factors include change in exercise routine, confinement, infection and most importantly, diet. Affected horses are often of calm temperament and may have persistently elevated creatine kinase (CK) without clinical signs.
Triggering factors for both types include: l stress/excitementl underlying pain or lamenessl nervous temperamentl training at a gallop but not reaching top speedl prolonged box rest or confinementl genetic muscle disordersl vitamin E and/or selenium deficiencyl delayed muscle soreness from free radical damagel hormonal disturbancesl thyroid disordersl electrolyte imbalancesl high grain intakel viral and bacterial infectionsl abnormal muscle calcium levelsl 20-30 minutes jogging
Clinical signs include: tying-up, muscle spasms, elevated muscle enzymes, or just muscle tenderness, wasting and/or weakness, back pain and gait abnormalities, reluctance to engage the hindquarters - and often without elevation of muscle enzymes. These horses should be left in
paddocks and not stabled, and have as much ridden/lunge work as possible. Their diet should be based on hay/pasture, low in carbohydrate and with less than 12% (preferably 10%) starch.
When horses with chronic tying up or RER have a tying up episode, they have abnormally high levels of calcium trapped inside the muscle cells. Calcium is required for muscle contraction. To relax, the muscle must remove the calcium from inside its cells. In horses with RER, the process of calcium removal does not operate efficiently and this leads to an accumulation of calcium within the cell. This prevents relaxation of the muscle fibres, which remain in a state of partial contraction, leading to pain and muscle damage. Supplementing magnesium so the diet has a calcium:magnesium ratio of less than 2:1 can help these horses.
Acute muscle pain associated with exercise also occurs in horses working beyond their level of fitness. This should be suspected if work intensity exceeds appropriate training, too quick/early return to work following a period of rest or over-training. These conditions are not usually due to dietary imbalances - although correct training + correct diet are important in their management.
New Findings on Muscle Disorders continued...
14 Equine News Winter 2014
Problem with muscle energy generation
Usually calm temperament
Often in good condition
High insulin sensitivity in Quarterhorses
High starch/sugar/NSC feeds/diets, Often occurs at beginning or trainingor after rest
Mainly found in Quarterhorses, Belgians, Percherons & other European draft breeds (not so oftenIn Eglish draft breeds such as Shire)
PSSM RER
Problem with muscle contraction
Often nervous temperament
Can be poor-doer
High incidence in young fillies in training
More common when horse is 'fit',Linked to period of confinement, excitement, stress, high grain and sub-maximal exercise.
Mainly in Thoroughbreds, Standardbreds & Arabians.
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Magnum El Chall (imp USA) is a son of one of the most outstanding show horses of all times and National Champion Stallion in
three countries.
He is also a double grandson of the world's leading sire...Magnum Psyche. This pure Arabian Stallion will be standing at stud for
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HAVEN LODGE STUDLocated at 34 Cannon Creek Road,
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Atlas
Scapular spine
Coxal tuber
Patella
Olecranon tuber
Sacrotuberousligament
Major tochanterof femur
Diagnosis is based on veterinary clinicalassessment and may include blood tests formuscle enzyme activities, assessment of response to submaximal exercise,muscle biopsy, analysis of urine . samples, and diet analysis forelectrolyte and mineral imbalances. Recently, genetic testing hasbecome available for specific mutations associated with chronic tying-up.
One of the myths about 'tying up' is that it is caused byhigh muscle lactic acid concentrations. However,recent research has shown that muscle lactic acid levels are in fact low in these horses. In addition, few horses tie up after working at top speed, when muscle andblood lactate levels are at their highest. Further, it is the fast twitch (anaerobic) fibres that are damaged when a horse ties up. The fast twitch fibres provide the extra burst of. energy needed to achieve maximum speed and are only recruited when horses perform fast (anaerobic) work. Most horses tie up during slow and medium (aerobic) work - when the fast twitch fibres are not being used. Muscle biopsies have shown that it is the Type II or fast twitch fibres which suffer damage in these horses.
1. Longest capital and atlantal m. 2. Complex m.3. Rhomboid m. 4. Thoracic spinal m.5. Illocostal m.6. Longest dorsal m.7. Caudal dorsal serrated m.8. Omohyoid m.
9. Cervical ventral serrated m. 10. Thoracic ventral serrated m.11. Subclavian m.12. Supraspinatus m.13. Infraspinatus m.14. Brachial biceps m.15. Long head of brachial triceps16. Lateral head of brachial triceps
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Nutritional support for tying-up
Electrolytes 30g/day in cool weather up to 200g/day for heavy-sweating horses.
Magnesium Ratio of calcium:magnesium should be 1.5-2:1. Diets high in calcium or lucerne may need 30-90g of magnesium per day.
Iodine 3.5-5mg/day - signs of deficiency same as signs of excess, don't overdo the iodine, care with multiple supplements as effects cumulative.
Vitamin E Recent increase in recommended levels to 5000mg/day in intense exercise.
Selenium Recent increase in recommended levels to 3mg/day in intense exercise, due to potential toxicity do not overdose.
L-glutamine 10-20g/day.
Leucine & threonine Important for muscle function - ensure dietary intake sufficient - linseed meal good source.
L-carnitine Up to 10g/day - not to be combined with high fat intake.
Omega 3 oils 100 - 400ml/day.
This offers an explanation as to why some horses tie up shortly after they begin slow or medium work (ie aerobic exercise). When such horses are excited or under stress, they release increased amounts of the hormones that mobilise energy and stimulate muscular activity. However, these hormones stimulate the high anaerobic energy system, ie the fast twitch fibres, resulting in increased lactic acid concentrations. Removal of lactic acid from the muscle cells requires a high rate of blood flow, but as these horses are only doing slow to medium work, blood flow to the muscles is only moderately increased. Because of the slow rate of removal of lactate it accumulates within the muscle cells. The high concentration of lactate within the muscles reduces the capacity of the cells to remove calcium and hence their ability to relax.
One of the treatments for these horses is to control their environment, by reducing stress levels, decreasing carbohydrate or raw grain intake, using oil-enriched feeds and maintaining fibre intake. An added benefit of oil-enriched feeds is that they provide sufficient calories to assist nervous horses in maintenance of body weight, while reducing the weight handicap of a heavy gut.
For centuries, nutrition has been recognized as a contributory factor - electrolytes, vitamins, minerals, and grain are all involved - and removing concentrates and grains on days of light or no exercise has been a management strategy. More recent research has indicated that the diet should accurately match energy, vitamin and mineral requirements, and that the majority of calories should come from fat and fibre, with minimum or no grain or grain by-products. As a rule of thumb, energy intakes should be increased by 20%, 40% and 60% for light, medium and hard work respectively, and 90% for polo, racing and 3-day eventing. Using body condition score or weighing scales helps determine whether energy intake is matching requirements.
Knowledge of the non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) of the feedstuffs is critical. The NSC tells us how much sugar, starch and fructans are in the feed. Diets for horses with tying-up should be based on good quality grass - or mixed alfalfa-grass hay fed at 1.5- 2% of bodyweight, correct vitamin and mineral intakes, with extra energy as required in the form of low-starch concentrate with added oil.
16 Equine News Winter 2014
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Other management practices recommended for preventing further episodes include:
Eliminating high starch concentrates and molasses
Paddock 24/7 and daily exercise
Not overexerting unfit horses. Sound planning of training programs with a carefully controlled progression of work load assists horses in coping with the stress of training.
Increased electrolytes prior to working in the heat to compensate for heavy sweat losses - in moderate-to-hot conditions horses can lose 50 to 100 g of electrolytes per hour of intense exercise (primarily sodium and chloride). Provide sodium, potassium, and chloride at a ratio of approximating 2:1:4
Substitute the raw grain with high fibre, oil-enriched diet (1gram of oil per 1kg body weight)
Minimise the amount of time in the stable to help reduce excitability.
Vitamin E and selenium. Both these vitamins have a vital role in protection of the cell from the toxic ions that are produced during exercise. Both are antioxidants, and work as scavengers against the toxic products produced by the muscles energy system which can damage muscle cells.
Omega 3 oils reduce inflammation in both human and veterinary medicine. These oils also have profound effects on red blood cell flexibility and oxygen transport.
With chronic tying up (RER), avoiding warming-up and instead beginning the training session with fast work prior to slow and medium work, has been employed by some riders. When slow work and warm up were skipped and horses worked at around15m/sec or 900m/min for 600-1200m, depending on fitness, they did not tie up. The following table shows heart rate and speed that is fast enough to stimulate fitness without causing muscle damage.
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
Other management practices recommended for preventing further episodes include:
Eliminating high starch concentrates and molasses.
Paddock 24/7 and daily exercise.
Not overexerting unfit horses. Sound planning of training programs with a carefully controlled progression of work load assists horses in coping with the stress of training.
Increased electrolytes prior to working in the heat to compensate for heavy sweat losses - in moderate-to-hot conditions horses can lose 50 to 100 g of electrolytes per hour of intense exercise (primarily sodium and chloride). Provide sodium, potassium, and chloride at a ratio of approximating 2:1:4.
Substitute the raw grain with high fibre, oil-enriched diet (1gram of oil per 1kg body weight).
Minimise the amount of time in the stable to help reduce excitability.
Vitamin E and selenium. Both these vitamins have a vital role in protection of the cell from the toxic ions that are produced during exercise. Both are antioxidants, and work as scavengers against the toxic products produced by the muscles energy system which can damage muscle cells. Omega 3 oils reduce inflammation in both human and veterinary medicine. These oils also have profound effects on red blood cell flexibility and oxygen transport.
With chronic tying up (RER), avoiding warming-up and instead beginning the training session with fast work prior to slow and medium work, has been employed by some riders. When slow work and warm up were skipped and horses worked at around 15m/sec or 900m/min for 600-1200m, depending on fitness, they did not tie up. The following table shows heart rate and speed that is fast enough to stimulate fitness without causing muscle damage.
l hard work should be followed with a slow trot or canter to stimulate delivery of oxygen to the muscles and removal of lactic acid to the liver........................................................
As a general guideline, this changing of the work schedule hasbeen of benefit to many horses. However, it is important thata veterinary examination and diagnosis of the cause of tying up in individual horses is combined with tailored adjustments to the work load and the final program is based on the riders assessment and judgement for each horse.
The great advances in our understanding of disease processes allows modification of training and feeding regimes so that many of the conditions associated with exercise may be managed or prevented.
For more information go to: www.drjenniferstewart.com
About The AuthorDR. JENNIFER STEWART. Dr Stewart worked at the USA Universities of North
Carolina, and Florida with a period in Newmarket and Cambridge, England, before establishing an exclusively equine practice on
the Central Coast of NSW .
An Official Veterinarian with NSW Thoroughbred Racing and Sydney Turf Club, Jennifer also speaks at racing, breeding and endurance
seminars in Australia, the Middle East, South Africa, Philippines, SE Asia, Hong Kong, Japan, New Zealand and Turkey.
Management of Horses that Tie Up
Stage of Work Distance (metres) Speed (m/sec) Heart Rate(bpm) Lactate (mmol/L)
Early work 600m 13m/sec 210-220 8
Medium work 600m 14m/sec 210-220 6
Fast work 800m 15m/sec 210-220 12
www.equinenews.com.au 17
18 Equine News Winter 2014
We have bred Clydesdales, and while foaling time was always exciting, colour never came into it, we always knew to expect bay, with white socks and a blaze, sometimes a roan, sometimes a black foot, but that is about as interesting as it got ! In recent years we have moved into breeding Drum horses, and a whole new world of colour has opened up to us! A Drum horse, is the large riding horse that was first used by the queen of England to carry the drums in the band of the life guards. In Australia this is a relatively new breed, and we produce foundation stock by crossing Shire or Clydesdale mares with Gypsy cob stallions to produce a tall, coloured, feathered multi discipline horse. Now our Shire and Clydesdale mares are typically Black or Bay, but the gypsy stallions we have available come in every colour imaginable, allowing us an amazing variety of colours in the foals we produce. This led us to a lot of research on colour, so we could understand what colour foals may come from what matings.
The anticipation of our first two drum foals was incredible, we knew we had a 50/50 chance of a black tobiano or bay tobiano foals, but not until the big event could we find out what colour they were, and see their markings! When Poppy and Gemma were born, we were hooked on colour! I hope the following information can explain the basics of colour genetics!Basic terminology, the term Heterozygous refers to the horse having one copy of a gene, when a horse is heterozygous, it may or may not pass the gene onto offspring. Homozygous refers to the horse have two copies of a gene, when a horse is homozygous it will always pass that gene on to offspring.
All horses colour is inherited from both, their sire and dam, the dominant genes determine the horses colour. All horses colour is based on the Extension gene, it determines if a horse is black based or red based. Horses with two copies of the dominant black factor allele are EE these horses can never have a Red/Chestnut foal, and themselves are Black/Bay. Horses with two copies of the recessive red factor allele are ee and they are red based, Chestnut, Palomino etc, they can only pass on a red factor allele to their offspring. Horses with one copy of each black and red factor are Ee, they themselves are Black, Bay but can produce red based foals.
The Agouti gene modifies the E gene, to turn a Black horse, Bay. This gene is dominant, so if it is present, in a black based horse, it is expressed. The Agouti gene does not affect red based horses. These are our base colours, all other colours are caused by dilutions and additional genes.
The Grey gene is dominant, so when present the horse will turn grey/white as they get older. A horse that is homozygous for Grey, GG, will always produce foals that will become Grey, no matter what the other parents colour is. A horse that is heterozygous for grey, Gg, will be Grey itself, but has a 50/50 chance of passing on the G gene to offspring.
The Cream dilution gene, is the gene that causes the colours, Palomino, Buckskin, Cremello, Perlino, and Smoky Black and Smoky Cream. One copy of the Cr gene turns a Chestnut horse Palomino, two copies (CrCr) cause a Chestnut to become Cremello. One copy of the Cr gene in a Bay horse, turns it Buckskin, two copies cause Perlino. A Black horse with one Cr gene, becomes Smoky Black, and a Black horse that is CrCr is Smoky cream. A parent that is CrCr, regardless of base colour, will always produce offspring, with a dilute modifier, so will always contribute a Cr gene to a foal. A parent that only has the one copy of the Cr gene (buckskin, palomino) has a 50/50 chance of passing on the Cr gene.
The Tobiano gene, causes a horse to be coloured, and is dominant. A parent that is homozygous, TT can only ever produce coloured foals, and will always pass on the T gene. A horse that is Tt has a 50/50 chance of producing a coloured foal with a solid mate, if the foal is coloured, it inherited the T gene, if the foal is solid, it did not.
These are the basic colours and patterns that make our horses look the way they do, I have not gone into more complex colours such as Dun, Pearl, Silver, Champagne, patterns such as overo, tovero, or incompletely dominant patterns, such as appaloosa, sabino 1, dominant white etc.We have a stallion, Mountian Park Apollo, standing at stud here this year, who is a tri coloured Tobiano, 75% Gypsy, 25% Clydesdale. Genetically he is Ee Aa TT, meaning he is a black based horse (E), that carries for red (e) so can produce both red and black based foals. He has one copy of the Agouti gene, meaning he has a 50/50 chance of passing this on and producing a black based foal that is bay (like him). He is homozygous Tobiano (TT) so will only produce coloured foals. From our Clydesdale and Shire mares this season, we are expecting Black Tobiano, Bay Tobiano, and Chestnut Tobiano foals.
Next season, we will delve even futher into interesting colours and hopefully produce some Buckskin tobiano, Palomino tobiano and grey tobiano foals, by using different stallions on particular mares, that we have colour tested and know what they carry!
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20 Equine News Winter 2014
There are many things to consider when preparing for your
first foal to be born, one of which is a safe, suitable foaling
area. Fencing, ground cover, paddock hazards and shelter are
all very important.
Foal fencing should reach right to the ground, be strong with no gaps or anything protruding that a foal can be injured on. Repair or replace any areas that a head or hoof can fit through, pay special attention to gateways.
Beware of electric fencing, newborns do not have the agility to avoid electric fencing and can become entangled. Introducing a foal to electric fencing should be done under close supervision. Solid fencing lined with strong mesh or shadecloth is ideal.
Water troughs and dams are another hazard, wobbly foals often drown in dams, bath tubs and water troughs, safely and securely cover permanent troughs and tubs, fence off dams and provide water in multiple smaller narrow containers that a foal cannot fit into and can still drink from.
Remove any fallen trees, farm equipment or debris to prevent leg injuries.
Protection from rain wind and sun is very important, healthy foals are tough and can handle poor weather very well but they still need protection from the elements, especially extreme heat. Good tree coverage, a shelter shed or lockable walk in walk out stable are ideal. One of the biggest risks to foals at birth is bacterial infections. If your mare is foaling outside make sure you have a well rested, grassy paddock or yard. If your in drought or flood, have bales of clean rodent free straw ready to spread out as ground cover during foaling, (only if your mare is unstressed by you being close by) this will reduce the amount of bacteria your foal is exposed to. If you’re foaling down in a stable, make sure it is large enough for your mare to easily move around. Thoroughly clean it with an industrial strength non harmful detergent and keep bedding fresh and clean. The same applies for paddock shelters. Lastly keep dogs and other animals especially pigs and poultry well away and even other horses if unsure on how they will react to a newborn foal. Some horses can become very aggressive and kill or steal foals especially when restricted to smaller paddocks, they can also fight through fences and the foals can become injured in the process. Have the paddock prepared in plenty of time before the mares due date as not all mares go full term and you don’t want to get caught unprepared. Good luck and happy foaling from the team at FoalGuard.
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EQUI MESH is a great value fence that ensures unwanted predators - such as dogs and foxes, as well as kangaroos - will be prevented from entering horse paddocks and pastures.
www.equinenews.com.au 21
22 Equine News Winter 2014
e are all born with the innate wisdom of how to heal ourselves, but over the centuries this has been Wprogrammed out of most of us through society beliefs
and religious doctrine. Fortunately, most animals still know how to tap into that part of themselves. Matilda, our resident, and much loved donkey, is a sentient being that shines brightly as a natural healer, having maintained a strong ability to see and perceive life on a different level.
Matilda was rescued many years ago and at the time had very deformed hooves and it seemed as if she carried the world on her shoulders. With love and care and a herd of Welsh ponies to live with she soon started to make herself known.
Her loud braes could be heard a mile away, and replaced the rooster for our early morning wake up calls. Being quite the emotional girl, she would always let you know if something was out of sorts, like an equine escapee wandering out of their paddock. I'm sure the rest of the herd thought she was a right old dibber dobba!
It’s Matilda's highly tuned perception and need to communicate that makes her stand out from the rest and she didn't wait too long to tell me what her purpose for being was. One day, whilst out walking through my field of ponies and donkey, I felt Matilda “tap in” and connect with me energetically and with her soft voice, whisper, “I'm a healer”. It's not unusual for me to experience this type of thing as I've been talking and listening intuitively to my animals all my life, but I have to say, some messages are stronger than others and Matilda's was very strong. From that point on I observed her to see how she interacted with other animals; it became obvious though, that her talent was with people; she was the archetypal wounded healer.
It is quite an amazing thing to watch when people first meet her. They instantly fall in love with her and just want to be in her presence. If they can cope, I will tell them she is a healer, if not, I just let the process take place. The innocent energy of children inspires her, she loves them and will let them climb all over her smiling all the while.
When Matilda interacts with someone she is generally be able to pick up where the energetic blocks are with that person. Sometimes people sit on the grass, other times they lay on a massage table, and she has also been involved with group therapy sessions at our intuitive clinic days.
It is interesting to observe that Matilda's reactions with each person is different. The more emotional baggage they are holding onto the more demonstrative she becomes in wanting to shift it, or bring awareness to it. When someone is lying on the healing table, she will put her nose on specific chakra or acupuncture points of the body to indicate where she is intuiting an issue.
It is not an undesirable, dissociative state that some people, might interpret. I have rescued many horses and rehabilitated them out of this place and have had a lot of experience with animals, and in fact people, in dissociative states.
To watch Matilda is like watching a Buddhist monk in prayer; the energy is serene and healing. Her love for people is paramount and she does it selflessly.
Sometimes her messages can be less than subtle and this also depends on how much the person is ignoring something in their life. I had a friend stay with me for a few weeks who was having marital issues. He is quite an academic and extraordinary artists but his extremely high intellect gets in the way of listening to others, especially his wife. As much as Jo loves her friend of over 30 years, she would hate to live with him and could sympathize with his very patient wife. Jo suggested that he go and spend some time alone with Matilda, in the paddock.
I believe there is a healer in us all, but for some reason, some of us shine brighter than others when it comes to the healing arts.
When the person is sitting on the grass, she will often rest her head over the top of themand stamp her feet or go into completetrance, depending on the healing that is taking place.
.........
............... .....................
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It is a pleasure and anhonour to watch Matildawhen she is in the healingspace. She will completelytune in to the person andit's as if she wonders offto ancient galaxies. Hereyes roll back in herhead and she seems tobe in a mediative placehold ing space andhealing for that person.
He laid down and within a millisecond she had nipped his ear with her teeth, enough to make the point but without hurting him. He got the message and has been working on being more of a listener in his relationship.
Matilda loves to love and loves to receive love. She thoroughly enjoys the healing vibrations of the Tibetan singing bowls that we place on her back as our way of thanking her. If left to her own devices she would stand with one on her permanently, that's how much she resonates with them. Matilda is just one of the beautiful equines that Jo cares for and works with teaching her “Heart Space” program.
The “Heart Space” program is about healing and relationship. So much of what people are used to with horses is “ACTION”. This is very masculine and has nothing to do with “BEING”. Most people who take up an interest with horses quit within the first 2 years because what they never harnessed was the relationship, without which there is no trust or willingness from their equine partner. Jo and her team at Holistic Equitation teach people how to “feel” and “listen” to the imperceptible messages horses are sending us all the time, helping the horse feel heard and creating a deeper connection for both horse and owner.
23 Beerwah Charity Sports & Spring Carnival, Beerwah Sports Ground QLD ALL PROFITS TO CANCER COUNCIL - Contact Ross Lowe 07 5494 6654 or Bruce Page 07 5494 9557
BALANCE SaddlesBALANCE SaddlesBALANCE Saddles - leading the way in developing saddles for the highest level of comfort possible, they are designed to accommodate the movement of the horse’s
back. No restriction means reaching the highest potential of athleticism and a happy sound horse that enjoys being ridden. Correct and comfortable saddle fit is a MUST. We owe that to the horse. To test ride a BALANCE saddle or have the fit of your current saddle checked contact Mel Fleming.
1-26 Mel Fleming, ”Alchemy Place”, Moonbi NSW - Ph: 02 6760 5519 Realise the Magic of Horses, September 4 week module You can do 1,2,3,4 or ideally all 4 weeks!!!! - www.melfleming.com.au Ken Faulkner - www.australiannaturalhorsemanship.com
6-7 The Donald MacIntyre Cup, Scone - E: Adam - [email protected] SEQ Mercedes Benz @ Alsace -, Qld - Ph: Neill 0418 733 07720-21 Gold Cup @ Timor Polo Cl, Murrurundi NSW - Ph: 0400 269 01620-21 QPA AUSTRALIAN OPEN, Doomben Qld - Ph: 0418 551 237727-28 The Donald Archibald Cup, Scone Polo Cl - E: [email protected] Kurri Kurri Polo Cl KHM Marshall Cup - [email protected]
4-6 Hunter Cl, Mini Enduro, Spring Ridge, Vic - Ph: Rosemary Lang 0408 562 2578-14 HDT Club NSW, Driving FEI 1 , CD and Boyd Exell Master Class & Clinic, AELEC, Tamworth Ph: Judy 02 6772 7789 - 0412 955 056 - www.carriagedrivingnsw.org.au12 Gold Coast Club, Mini CDE, Ph: Robyn Burren 07 5533 823911-12 Small Farms Field Days, Mudgee, NSW - Ph: Chris Hills 02 6374 181811-12 Carriage Horse CL Vic, “Make a Wish Foundation Charity CDE, venue TBA - Ph: 0422 118 45912-14 ACDNSW Show Driving Championships, Bunandoon, NSW - www.carriagedrivingnsw.org.au18-19 Elmore Club, Level C CDE, Grenfell, NSW - Ph: Brendan Dwyer 0407 838 7001-2 NOVEMBER NSW CDE CHAMPIONSHIPS, Wittwood - www.carriagedrivingnsw.org.au
4-5 NRCHC, Champ/ship Show, Woodenbong S/gr - Ph: Sam 0400 449 315 - E: [email protected] www.northernriverscuttinghorseclub.com4-5 HVCHC, Ch/ship Show, White Park Scone - Ph: Lynda 0407 050 780 - E: [email protected] LTHCC, Jackpot Show, Kings Park Seymour Vic, - Ph: Mark 0488 031 707 - E: [email protected]
4-5 TVEG, The Power of Pink, Dressage & Show, Murwillumbah S/gr - Ph: Keighley 0428 356 86810-12 Qld State Dressage Championships with PE classes, SIEC, Caboolture - Ph: 07 3891 661111 Show Horse NSW, State Cup Show, Clarendon, NSW - www.nswequestrian.org.au11-12 Pryde's Easifeed 2014 Horse & Newcomer of the Year Show, Park Ridge Qld - Ph: 07 3891 6611
IT'S ON AGAIN!! THE 5TH ANNUAL CRACKIN' CANCER THREE WATERS HORSE TRAIL RIDEIT'S ON AGAIN!! THE 5TH ANNUAL CRACKIN' CANCER THREE WATERS HORSE TRAIL RIDEIT'S ON AGAIN!! THE 5TH ANNUAL CRACKIN' CANCER THREE WATERS HORSE TRAIL RIDEIT'S ON AGAIN!! THE 5TH ANNUAL CRACKIN' CANCER THREE WATERS HORSE TRAIL RIDE
Glen Innes October 19th - 25th 2014Glen Innes October 19th - 25th 2014
Raising much needed funds for Cancer ResearchRaising much needed funds for Cancer Research
1-9 Nov The 2014 Pan Pacific Masters Games, The Gold Coast Convention & Exhibition Centre Queensland Polocrosse Association Inc. - www.polocrosse.com.au 1 Nov Australian Horseball Association, AELEC Tamworth - Ph: Grant Biffin 0438 936 781 20-23 Nov 2014 EQUITANA MELBOURNE , Melbourne Showgrounds . www.equitana.com.au
26 Oct 2014 Annual Gymkhana . Duri Progress Association - Ph: Lindsay 0488 466 121 29-31 Oct AL FARES DUBAI 2014 “THE Formula One for Horses’ - Ph: CV EVENTS on 0421861 986
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th th16 - 18 October 2014
th Working Dog Trials: 16
th thShowjumping: 16 - 18
Lismore ShowgroundSee you at the Show!
fun & entertainment for all the family. Horse Events run over three days. Horse schedule
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Three days of competition,
www.northcoastnational.com.auPh: 02 6621 5916
All horses attending the North Coast National Exhibition must be vaccinated against Hendra Virus
32 Equine News Winter 2014
Mr Schrade will be involved with major features at EQUITANA Melbourne, the Southern Hemispheres greatest equine extravaganza that attracts over 47,000 spectators, and over 300 exhibitors during the event held at the Melbourne Showgrounds. Mr Schrade will present an Eventing masterclass, three education sessions, and in a unique opportunity to view such an elite rider, will participate in the Exhibition Eventing, which is one of the competitions within the Be the Influence Equestrian Grand Final series. Mr Schrade will also participate in the Jump and Drive competition, a fun and fast paced race against the clock where horse and rider jump a course, before the rider runs to a waiting carriage and the carriage driver then navigates an obstacle course.
In addition he will be on the judging panel of the iconic 'The Way of the Horse (TWOTH)' Australian Horsemanship Challenge. One of the most popular features of EQUITANA Melbourne, this electrifying contest involves three of the country's leading horse trainers partnering with a young, unstarted horse chosen from a selection brought directly from the paddock to the venue, the three trainers work simultaneously in separate round pens, giving the public a rare opportunity to directly compare starting methods and training styles. They are judged by a panel of the most highly reputed national and international Equine experts.
Mr Schrade was excited about arriving in Australia, saying that he was looking forward to taking part both as a rider and trainer, and praised EQUITANA's education program saying it was a great feature. "I am excited to work with the different riders and horses from Australia, who's Eventers are so well known for their bold and positive cross country riding”. He complemented. EQUITANA Australia Event Director Rod Lockwood who was also delighted to have secured Mr Schrade for the event, said "Mr Schrade brings an incredible wealth of experience to the popular and much loved sport of Eventing, and we are thrilled to be able to offer the public a diverse series of opportunities to learn from him in, as well as see him in action in the unique environment of EQUITANA".
International eventing star Dirk Schrade will grace Australia's shores in November this year after accepting an invitation to be a presenter by leading equine event EQUITANA Australia.
The 35 year old German equestrian is best known for winning Team Gold at the 2012 London Olympic Games, as well as the European Championships in 2013, and is highly accoladed as a trainer of young horses.
“The Formula One for Horses”A love of horses runs in the blood of most Emirates,
especially a fondness for Thoroughbreds and the Arabians that have been their companions for centuries. In recent years this has expanded to horses of all types with the
introduction of nationals and ex-pats wanting children to have riding lessons right through to the expansion and development of competition in the Olympic disciplines.
Al Fares Dubai 2014 is a biennial exhibition for the Equine Trade and will thbe held in Dubai on 29-31 October this year. The event is in its 10 year
and now attracts over 200 exhibitors from the UK, Europe and America - 20 countries in total. It has grown to become the largest exhibition in Asia and Africa for products and services for horses and riders.
The number of Australian manufacturers and providers choosing to exhibit at Al Fares has been growing over the last few years, but this number is about to increase with the appointment of an Australian and New Zealand representative; CV EVENTS. “I am delighted to be able to offer this opportunity for business growth to our part of the world” said CV EVENTS principal, Pip Byrne. “The UAE now has a very sophisticated horse industry and a very high level of upkeep per animal.
They are keen to advance into the Olympic disciplines and are employing a lot of horse experts from around the world to ensure the very best in training, health and nutrition, equipment, stabling and care. The annual individual expenditure in the UAE is over $37,000.00 per horse, which is way above the predicted spend in our part of the world of $10,000.00 per horse annually” she said.
www.equinenews.com.au 33
The Sheiks, particularly Dubai's ruler Sheik Mohammed who is well known for his Darley thoroughbred operation and world-wide racing and breeding empire, are well represented in Australia and the UK. Sheik Mohammed is also a respected and successful Endurance rider and runs a team of mostly imported, Purebred Arabians that are kept in training at his Dubai stables.
“The stabling and care of these horses is extraordinary” Pip said. “They are hungry for experts of all levels of the industry and for information about products and services that enhance the care level for their horses. They respect our level of horsemanship and it's very common to hear an Australian or New Zealand accent in stables throughout the UAE! Al Fares attracts not only world-wide trade, but also has a VIP invitation list that includes the Sheiks and important members of the equine industry within the region. Sheik Mohammed is a regular visitor, along with other members of UAE Royal Families.”
Considering the level of money spent annually on each horse, attending Al Fares Dubai 2014 will provide enormous opportunities for Australian and New Zealand providers of equine services and products.
Many horses of varied breeds are imported to the UAE annually, so Al Fares Dubai also provides an exceptional chance for breeders and suppliers to showcase their stock and make great business contacts.
CV EVENTS can be contacted directly on 0421 861 986 or through Facebook.
“Exhibitors from Germany with His Highness Sheikh Hasher bin Juma AL Maktoum”.
The Dayboro Trailriders will be running their 16th Annual horse trail riding event the “Big October Ride” on Saturday 4th October 2014.Both rides leave the showground's at 8.30am sharp.
Morning tea and lunch provided. 2014 will see an ALL NEW 1 x 3hr ride and 1 x 7hr ride.
For further info contact 0418 833 110, 5496 7681 or 3425 3248.
16th Annual BIG OCTOBER RIDE 2014Saturday 4th October
16th Annual BIG OCTOBER RIDE 2014Saturday 4th October
16th Annual BIG OCTOBER RIDE 2014Saturday 4th October
16th Annual BIG OCTOBER RIDE 2014Saturday 4th October
34 Equine News Winter 2014
Red is a 13 year old Quarter Horse who was taken in to care in December 2013 by our local Riding for the Disabled Centre in an emaciated condition and with severe case of Bighead. He was in their care for six months when they contacted the rescue to take him in, due to Red's Bighead he was unsteady in his gait and was unsuitable for them to use in their classes, even after their fantastic effort to bring him back to a good weight and give him back quality of life.
On first meeting Red I was taken aback by just how deformed his facial features were, when he trotted up to meet his new friends his unsteadiness was very evident, A lot of the horses that come in to our care have varying levels of Bighead due to the high oxalate grasses we have in our area and to poor nutrition but we have never seen a case as severe as Red's. Underneath all of Red's health issues, he is a big sook with a nature that all horse owners could only hope for and he has stolen our hearts .
Thanks to the rescues long time sponsors Equifeast, Red was immediately started on Break Free their revolutionary Bighead treatment, we have used Break Free very successfully in the past and in just 3 weeks we have already noticed a change in Red's facial features. Equifeast are sponsoring Red's Bighead treatment and are an integral part of his rehabilitation. This beautiful boy has a big journey ahead of him but one thing is for sure he has a great team on his side.
National Horse and Pony Rescue Trust
‘RED’‘RED’‘RED’‘RED’
In northern Australia the majority of Big Head in horses is caused by them having no option but to graze pastures with high calcium oxalate levels. The traditional view is that calcium oxalate is poorly absorbed so the horse becomes calcium deficient. Our research suggests this is not quite correct as many of the horses we tested actually started excreting calcium oxalate in their urine as the impact of our "Break FREE" chelated calcium supplement kicked in. Instead we suspect that calcium oxalate cannot be used by the cells in the body but that it takes up space in the blood that then excludes other crucial forms of calcium such as other organically complexed calcium molecules. Break FREE supplies beneficial organic calcium and seems to rapidly overcome the effects of oxalate poisoning. The Big Head name is also potentially misleading for two reasons. Firstly the skeletal effects largely seem to appear on horses that are still young and have bones that are still growing and developing. As the horse ages the bones become less easily modified. So horses that are exposed to high levels of oxalates at an older age probably show no facial skeletal signs at all. On the other hand horses that are already showing these symptoms as their bones become less plastic may never lose the "Big Head" symptoms even when the rest of the body is functioning perfectly. The chelated calcium that appears to be low in the blood of affected horses appears to be required for proper functioning of a huge range of other cells. This is why horses with oxalate poisoning often show a variety of other symptoms which have not necessarily been linked to the oxalates before.
Many show muscle problems. Mostly short stepping gaits and a reluctance to trot or canter because their muscles are unable to relax and lengthen properly. This could be considered as a sub-clinical form of tying up. These symptoms are often transient and may simply show as shifting lameness. Most are exhibiting behavioural problems - one we tested took 45 minutes to get an initial blood sample from but only a few seconds to give the second sample once the supplement had kicked in. Many are aggressive, depressed and anti-social. Others show separation anxiety and yet others stereotypical behaviours like weaving, kicking, crib biting and wind sucking. This is no surprise to us as we have been supplying chelated calcium supplements for a range of difficult behaviours in horses for five years now and find that behaviour nearly always shows as one of the earliest symptoms of chelated calcium deficiency and the physical symptoms show when the problem becomes more chronic. Mares may not be cycling properly as their hormonal systems are compromised and this can also lead to very difficult behaviour and difficulty in breeding.
Red Victor aka Red is the latest horse to join the NHPRT family.
If you would like to donate to Red's rehabilitation and be part of his
journey donations can be made to NHPRT:
BSB: 484 799 Acc: 203172678All donations over $2 are tax deductable,
please email your reference number and details to [email protected] for a receipt.
A bit about 'Break Free' as written by Trevor Wozencroft
www.equinenews.com.au 35
In Equines in particular we have had success stories about horses with Laminitis, Arthritis, Muscle soreness, tendon and ligament injuries and many other ailments that befall our equine friends.The results with this product usually become apparent around day 4 to 10 of ingestion with most animals showing a big improvement around day 4. Twice daily dosing is advised for the first 10 days then once daily thereafter.
The Stallion in the photo is a 22 year old Warmblood who has arthritis in his near side knee. Without
Technyflex he struggles to get about. On Technyflex he is so comfortable almost to the point of being sound and
has no trouble serving his mares. On approaching his mares he becomes very proud and
shows nil signs of lameness.How could this be possible with such an obviously
arthritic knee? We only know what we see and it is truly amazing.
There are of course other results with this product showing wonderful management of healthy joints as well, so it begs the question of protection for those without problems. Could it be that if all our good comp horses were on this natural product these problems may never arise in the first place.So whether you have an old arthritic pal in thepaddock, or a sound equine competitor, rest assured you are doing the best you can for their joint health when they receive their daily dose of Technyflex.
Could this be the world’s best premium joint supplement and all natural anti inflammatory?
We ask the question because there have been some stunning results in many inflammatory ailments in Equines and Canines alike with Technyflex
For more information phone (02) 4988 6015 or 0437 473 756or visit the website.
Blue Chip has always been known for making the best performing, highest quality products in their categories. It is part of ourDNA, it is in our blood.
For supplements to work the active ingredients have to be absorbed into the blood stream, which carries them around the body.With powdered supplements the powder has to dissolve within the digestive system before it is absorbed into the blood. Liquid supplements are already dissolved, so act faster than powders.
The Blue Chip supplement range has been created as liquids to ensure that your horse gets the maximum benefit from the highest quality, most effective, active ingredients common to all Blue Chip products. The Blue Chip liquid supplements are the supplements that your horse deserves.
Awarded the International BETA prize for innovation, Blue Chip Joint RLF combines a comprehensive range of scientifically proven ingredients, targeting the many varied causes of joint problems. The key ingredients in Blue Chip RLF are:
Containing glycosides which act as an anti-inflammatory by controlling and minimising the number of white blood cells that can enter the site of injury causing swelling (this may be degenerative injury i.e. arthritis or an acute injury such as a soft tissue tear). This aids joint comfort both on a short term and long term basis with Rosehip proving to be 40% more effective than Glucosamine (*Reported in The Daily Telegraph 19/05/09.)
With advancing age or injury, synovial fluid within a joint can become more viscous physically preventing a joint from moving freely causing mechanical stiffness. Hyaluronic acid helps ensure that synovial fluid remains at the correct viscosity, enabling joints to move freely.
When arthritic changes or cartilage damage occurs, this can result in the breakdown of cartilage making horses uncomfortable. Blue Chip uses bio-available Glucosamine Hydrochloride, to safeguard maximum absorption and aid cartilage regeneration.
When an injury occurs to tendons or ligaments, joint movement may be restricted. Organic MSM provides the building blocks of protein to aid tendon and ligament health repair.
Contains physiologically active plant substances (saponins) providing nourishment for joints, therefore helping to reduce the risk of injury and general wear and tear.
Essential for bone strength and cartilage regeneration and therefore joint health. Manganese also has a secondary benefit of helping to activate important antioxidant enzymes, which help to prevent cell damage.
When a horse is under stress such as exercise, free radicals can cause damage to cells including those within joints. Vitamin C is a powerful antioxidant which neutralises free radicals helping to prevent damage to cells.
Using a joint supplement that incorporates all these ingredients in an easy to use palatable liquid will ensure your horse or pony has the best possible chance of staying comfortable, healthy and sound, prolonging an active life.
Rosehip (Rosa canina)
Hyaluronic acid (HLA)
Glucosamine HCL
Organic MSM (Methyl Sulphonyl-Methane)
Yucca (Yucca schidigera)
Manganese
Vitamin C
LIQUID JOINT RLFLIQUID JOINT RLF
www.equinenews.com.au 37
There are numerous joint supplements on the market and many of these are restricted to basic ingredients, which although help some joint problems, do not offer a complete range of scientifically proven ingredients to target specific areas and give maximum benefit to the horse.
You only need to listen to the signs they show you to understand what they’re saying. They could talk to you by hanging the tongue out, getting the tongue over the bit or rolling the tongue back. These are all signs of bit pain and are their way of telling you.
Those aren’t the only signs: many may chew, grind, grab or chomp on the bit because they are trying to hold the bit pressure off their tongue. Some will lean on the rein, hang on one rein bad, pull the reins through your hands, head toss, run through the bit, or bolt, while others will rear and buck to get rid of the pain or the rider at the end of the reins. Horses will open their mouth to give them more room, enabling them to roll their tongue back or hang it out to escape the bit pain. Others will rub their face on their leg or the rider at the end of the ride - this is them saying “Please get the bit out of my mouth! It has hurt me!” There is extensive research behind the Winning Tongue Plate Bit, and combined with input from leading trainers and riders the design of the bits has helped to overcome these problems. These riders have stated it’s like having power steering and the difference the WTP bit makes is comparable to wearing comfortable slippers all day instead of high heels.
THE HORSE
THAT TALKS
Did you know that horses talk?
Read the amazing reports and information at
www.iiwinners.com
öö
Stops the tongue hanging out
ö Stops the tongue getting over the bit
ö Stops roof rubbing and lip pinching
ö Stops headshaking, pulling & bolting
Stops the bit pinching the tongue
ö
ö
ö Stops displacement of the soft palate
ö Stops mouth opening & respiratory noise
ö Amazing soft and responsive bit contact
ö Improves performance & stops rein leaning
Stops hanging, rearing & bucking
38 Equine News Winter 2014
Saddlefit4life is a worldwide saddle
fitting philosophy where equineprofessionals from all around the
world follow a 36 diagnostic check list
to assess and diagnose ill fitting saddles.The Saddlefit4life philosophy is now beingtaught worldwide on 3 continents. In thenext 4 issues Saddlefit4life will addresssome of the biggest questions you may
What is the study of equine ergonomics?Physical ergonomics is very relevant to theequine industry for its application of human andequine characteristics (anatomical, anthropometric,physiological, development and biomechanical)as they relate to physical activity. The term'ergonomics' is derived from the Greek wordsergon [work] and nomos [natural laws], therefore'Equine Ergonomics' refers the natural laws forworking horses.
The scientific study of Equine Ergonomics evaluates the interaction between horses andriders applying theory, principles, observations,data, evaluation and analysis to optimize well beingand overall performance, ensuring optimal 'fit' of thesaddle as the interface between the two. Taking intoaccount the horse and riders capabilities andlimitations, the equine ergonomist seeks to ensure equipment design (including saddles and accessories)suit requirements of both horse and rider.
Saddlefit4Life Saddlefit4Life
Welcome Welcome R
- Internationally recognizedcertification
- Diagnostic Saddle Fit System
- Complement your ownprofession
- Saddlefit education
- Communication and sharingof information
www.saddlefit4life.com.au
Proper ergonomic design is necessary to reduce the occurrences of injuries, which can develop over time, possible leading to long-term disability.
People and horses come in all different shapes and sizes, with varying capabilities and limitations in strength, speed, judgement and skills- just a few of the factors that must be considered. When sitting in a saddle, the riders' weight is transferred to the seat and onto the horses' Saddle Support Area. 'Where' the weight is transferred and how the weight is supported as the keys to good saddle design. When the proper areas are not supported, sitting in a saddle can put unwanted pressure on both riders' and horse's backs resulting in pain to both.
.
Australia’s premier Association catering exclusively for recreational horse riders.
Why not join an ATHRA club near you?
Or contact us to affiliate your club.
ATHRA Membership provides the opportunity to ride with any ATHRA affiliated club
across Australia.
Family, Friendship, Fun, Scenery, Camping, Experience It All. Family, Friendship, Fun, Scenery, Camping, Experience It All. Contact Claire Bourke 0418 438 807 or [email protected]
Australian Trail Horse Riders Associationwww.athra.com.au
Ergonomic evaluation is especially important for riders diagnosed with physiological ailments or disorders, also for horses displaying symptomaticsigns of discomfort. Pressure that seems insignificant or imperceptible to some may be very painful, or render a saddle unusable for others. Ergonomically designed saddles areoften recommended for prevention and treatmentof many horse and rider issues including pressure-related chronic pain.
Equine Ergonomists and Saddle Ergonomistsuse principles of equine ergonomics to conduct
comprehensive diagnostic evaluation of the fit ofthe saddle to horse and rider in both static anddynamic phases. The saddlefit4life evaluationexamines many factors and variable of each uniquehorse and rider partnership.
Saddle Ergonomists and Saddle Fitters (ISF) may use both reactive and/or proactive approaches. For example, a reactive ergonomic solution is recommended when something needs to be fixed and corrective action is taken. A proactive ergonomic recommendation would include improvements and subtle changes to correct issues before they turn in larger problems. Saddle ergonomists strive to work proactively, however on occasion a reactionary approach is the only course of action available to rectify problems caused by other factors.
www.equinenews.com.au 39
This information was kindly contributed by Marlee Horobin of Peter Horobin Saddlery.
1. Balance:
2. Wither Clearance:
3. Gullet Channel Width:
4. Full Panel Contact:
5. Billet Alignment:
6. Saddle Length:
7. Saddle Straightness:
8. Saddle Tree Angle:
9. Saddle Tree Width:
Saddlefitting in 9 steps:
The center of the saddle (seat area) should be parallel to the ground while on the horse's back. Click on the video to hear why balance is important.
Clearance at the withers should be 2-3 fingers for normal withers, whereas, mutton withers will have more clearance and high withers will have less clearance. Clearance should be all around, not just at the top.
The gullet should be wide enough not to interfere with the spinal processes or musculature of the horse's back (3-5 fingers).
The panel should touch the horse's back evenly all the way from front to back; some panels may be designed off the back end to allow the back to come up during engagement.
The billets should hang perpendicular to the ground so that the girth is positioned properly and not angled either forwards or backwards. The girth will always find its position at the narrowest point of the rib cage behind the elbow.
The shoulder and loin areas should not carry any weight of the saddle and rider. Rider weight should be on saddle support area only.
The saddle should not fall off to one side when viewed from back or front. The tree points should be behind both scapulae (shoulder blades).
The panel tree points should be parallel to the shoulder angle to position saddle properly.
The tree width should be wide enough for saddle to fit during the dynamic movement of the horse.
To see the 9 videos visit: youtube and search '9 steps of saddle fitting by schleese'
Find out more about courses in Australasia www.saddlefit4life.com.au
Bone Formula CalsorbFORTIFIED CALCIUM SUPPLEMENT FOR HORSES
CHELATED CALCIUM
Bone Formula
20kg nett for administration in feed - for animal treatment only. Feed supplement specifically formulated with to support bone strength, growth and health with essential bone minerals. Dr Jennifer Stewart’s provides clinically recommended levels of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and folate, plus trace elements and micro-minerals essential for musculoskeletal health.
FORTIFIED CALCIUM BLOCK FOR HORSES
CHELATED CALCIUM
Calsorb
20kg nett for self-administering block formulation. Specifically formulated with
to provide bone minerals for horses and ponies grazing pasture, kikuyu, setaria, buffeland other sub-tropical grasses. provides clinically recommended levels of calcium and phosphorus (plus a trace element pre-mix) in a palatable, self-administering lick-block.
R R
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www.pacificvetcare.com.au
Dr. David Johnson Dr. Stephen Deist Dr. Allan Hudson Dr. Kelly Griffin Dr. Merrilyn Fitzgerald Dr. Amanda Johnson Dr. Chelsea Kramer Dr. Adam Gerhardt Dr. Mathew Grabovszky
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Enquiries / Bookings: Phone Oliver at EVDS (02) 6642 4700 www.evds.net.auEnquiries / Bookings: Phone Oliver at EVDS (02) 6642 4700 www.evds.net.au
Stud Fee: $990 including GST, LFG. Preparation of the mare for service including follicle test and scan after service to check the sperm arrived in uterus and again the next day to ensure the uterus is clean. Can serve by hand, in paddock, AI, chilled or frozen.
Mares agisted safely in individual yards at vet clinic where vet lives. Chilled semen available for $770 including GST and 1st collection fee. (Plus freight).
The sire of great temperament! The sire of great temperament! l
l
Homozygous black, so can NEVER throw a chestnut foal,
and will always get a black foal if bred to black mare.
Over 180 foals on the ground from mares of ALL breeds.
l
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Progeny with very quiet, trainable temperaments and athleticism on top!
Great feet, leg, back and mouth conformation.
Not competed due to paddock injury.
Owen 8 yrs afterhis 1st ride on Bromac Aladar
Aladars Tuqiri -winner of multiple ASH
working and led classes.
Yaranoo Twilight - Hack class winner at ASH Nationals 2014.
Missy 4 yrs - ridden by 9 yrs, great
all-rounder pony club horse.
Riverdaire Delta -A grade polo-x and
great children’s horse.
Kerrie and Rain-Maker - a lovely pleasure horse
out of standardbred mare .
Kerrie and Rain-Maker - a lovely pleasure horse
out of standardbred mare .
ASH Reg # C2 - 152985 Born 2000, 15.2 HH
By Yarranoo Stroller who was by Star Black Minstril. Out of a Peppys Doc Bar Mare who goes back
to Dell Mingo and Dickie Bar Joe.
Peppys Doc Bar parents were BOTH American Cutting Horse Hall of Fame horses.
ASH Reg # C2 - 152985 Born 2000, 15.2 HH
By Yarranoo Stroller who was by Star Black Minstril. Out of a Peppys Doc Bar Mare who goes back
to Dell Mingo and Dickie Bar Joe.
Peppys Doc Bar parents were BOTH American Cutting Horse Hall of Fame horses.