Episode 17 : Research Methodology ( Part 7 )

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SAJJAD KHUDHUR ABBASChemical Engineering , Al-Muthanna University, IraqOil & Gas Safety and Health Professional – OSHACADEMYTrainer of Trainers (TOT) - Canadian Center of Human Development

Episode 17 : Research Methodology ( Part 7 )

Writing a Review paper• Example

Title: IR Imaging of Plant Diseases

Go to Google Advance Search and Type “IR imaging plant disease”

Set File Type to Adobe Acrobat PDF (.pdf)

Search and select a paper (Let me call it Paper X)Google

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First pay attention to the Introduction and

Conclusions• As per the Introduction prepare a list of other references S9

• Note the contribution of each paper you list out (as stated by the author of paper X) S10

• Initially it will be very handy to arrange the work in a chronological order.

• While going through the paper make an estimation whether your title is wide or narrow enough to write a review paper with reasonable size S11

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• Now, search for each paper listed in the reference of Paper X (now better search for any format rather than ONLY PDF)

• For each paper you dig out information and list of reference as it was done with Paper X

• If you have scaled down your paper title to a reasonable scope, after referring about 20 papers you will find that there are not much new papers in the references

More Papers

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Now you are ready for the real work

• Go to the first paper in the chronological order

• Read the paper carefully and extract the major information. This time pay special attention on the section “Discussion”

• Tabulate the important aspects of each paper. (The Abstract and Conclusion will help you to tabulate the summary)

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Paper New Theories New Methods &Techniques

New Equations Any other contribution

R. Laudien et. al (2006)

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Now will Write the Paper

• First decide what Journal you are aiming to send the paper

* By now you have a good idea of the relevant Journals as you have gone through many papers

* Go to the Journal site and check the Guidance for Authors.

Eg: Journal of Plant Physiology

* Pay attention to the scope, structure, and referencing

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In most cases of journals the order is

• Title : S12

• Authors and Affiliation S12

• Key words (optional) S12

• Abstract: 150-250 words S13

• Introduction: S14

• …… Methodology, Experimental set up, Results, Observations• Discussion: S15

• Conclusions: S17

• Acknowledgement: S18

• References:• Diagrams, Figures and Tables

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• Apan, A., Held, A. Phinn, S. and Markley, J., 2003: Formulation and Assessment of Narrow-Band Vegetation Indices from EO-1 Hyperion Imagery for Discriminating Sugarcane Disease, Proceedings of the Spatial Sciences Conference, Sep. 22nd-27th, 2003, Canberra, p. 1-13.

• Büttner, G., Ithurrat, M. E. F., Buddemeyer, J., 2002: Späte Rübenfäule Rhizoctonia solani – Verbreitung, wirtschaftliche Bedeutung und integrierte Bekämpfungskonzepte. Zuckerindustrie, 127, p. 856-866.

• Clevers, J. P. G. W. and Jongschaap, R., 2001: Imaging spectrometry for Agricultural Applications, in: Imaging Spectrometry: Basic Principles and Prospective Applications, F. D. van der Meer and S. M. de Jong (Eds.), Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, p. 157-199.

• Dockter, K., Kühbauch, W., Boochs, F., von Rüsten, C., Tempelmann, U. and Kupfer, G., 1988: Die spektrale Reflexion von Zuckerrübenbeständen im sichtbaren und infraroten Wellenlängenbreich während des Wachstums, Mitteilungen der Gesellschaft für Pflanzenbauwissenschaften, 1, 55-57.

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Contribution

• Laudien et al. 2005a, b & c: Developped GIS based Management Information System for Sugar Beet Companies (SuMIS), which includes geographical, attribute and remote sensing data.

• Rieckmann and Steck, 1995Found that Rhizoctonia solani var. betae, a fungal disease, rots the beet roots and also causes a weathering of the foliage

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Scope of the title!!!

• IR Imaging

• IR Imaging of Plant Diseases

• IR Imaging of Plant Diseases in Beet Cultivation

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MULTITEMPORAL HYPERSPECTRAL DATA ANALYSIS FOR REGIONAL DETECTION OF PLANT STRESS BY USING AN AIRBORNE- AND TRACTOR-BASED SPECTROMETER – CASE STUDY: SUGAR BEET DISEASE RHIZOCTONIA SOLANI

R. Laudien a, *, G. Bareth b, R. Doluschitz a

a Dept. of Farm Management (410C), University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany –

[email protected] b Dept. of Geography (GIS & RS), University of Cologne, 50923 Köln, Germany

[email protected]

KEY WORDS: Sugar Beet, Hyperspectral Remote Sensing, GIS, Vegetation Indices, OSAVI, Multitemporal Classification

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ABSTRACT:

Every year sugar beet diseases cause lower sugar beet yields and qualities compared to the average. For that reason, high resolution field and airborne hyperspectral data is used to recognize a fungal sugar beet disease in a study area of south Germany. For the airborne part of the study, multitemporal hyperspectral remote sensing data is provided by an airborne Spectroradiometer (AVIS), which is operated by the Ground Truth Center Oberbayern (gtco, Germany). Additionally, tractor based multitemporal hyperspectral reflection data provided by the GVIS specrometer is used to validate the AVIS data and to compare to two classification results. To indicate the difference between healthy and unhealthy plants a supervised knowledge-based classification approach is used. To detect the sugar beet disease Rhizoctonia solani, the reflection results can be elaborated with hyperspectral vegetation indices. Therefore, the two multitemporal datasets are analysed by calculating the OSAVI, which is one of these vegetation indices. Finally, the resulting images are classified into several vitality classes.

This paper presents the evaluation of the generated multitemporal classification and discusses the possibility of detecting and regionalizing sugar beet diseases with hyperspectral systems and methods.

• 186 WordsS8

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1. INTRODUCTION

For the majority of the European citizens, the availability of daily food with high quality standards is common. Among other things, this matter of fact attributes to the demands of the legislator and the market, who claim quality control and (geo-) traceability of all processes within the food supply chain. With respect to this background, …………………….

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In a Review paper avoid including references in the introduction

Instead explain why the study is important for the scientific world and what exactly being covered in the paper

Its OK to have a short introduction

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Discussion

• This is the main body of the paper

• You may sub-classify “Discussion” in a preferred orderBy subjects (plants, machines, buildings, materials etc.)

By methods (sensing techniques, measuring systems, types of algorithms, detection techniques etc.)

By sequence of development

* Better not by chronological order (although some do that)

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Discussion

• This is where you make your contribution

• Discuss* What development made by X over Y ?* Why P’s method is better than Q’s ?* What else could R have done ?* Can we find a better method by combining T’s and U’s work?* Is there a consequential development of the subject (or have we gone backwards) ?* What can we predict in the Future? S8

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Conclusions

• Summarize the discussion highlighting important land marks and state again what you predict with regard to the development of the subject in the future.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This study as well as the development of SuMIS were enabled by a cooperation between the sugar company Südzucker AG and the University of Hohenheim (Stuttgart), Germany and founded by the “Kuratorium für Versuchswesen und Beratung im Zuckerrübenbau”, Germany.

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Acknowledge,

* Institution/s where the research is carried out* The research grant (Grant number and name of the funding agency)* Any institution or individual that extensively supported the research

Do not acknowledge

* People who helped in proof reading, gave verbal encouragement or gave marginal support (carrying equipment, word processing, transportation etc.)* Friends and loved once (unless they specifically contributed to the research)* Co-authors

References

• Make sure that you stick to the guidelines of the journal

Numbers in parenthesis: [12], Numbers in superscript: 12

Alphabetical Order : Kroner and Vauniget (2002)

Also pay attention to the Journal abbreviationEg. Journal of Geophysical Research (J Geophys. Res.)

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END

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