pISSN 1598-298X J Vet Clin 31(4) : 319-321 (2014) 319 Epiphora by Non-viral Squamous Papilloma of the Conjunctiva in a Dog Jury Kim*, Ul Soo Choi*, Caryn E. Plummer**, Dennis E. Brooks** and Min-Su Kim* , ** *College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 561-756, Korea **Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32608 USA (Accepted: August 18, 2014) Abstract : A 12-year-old mixed breed male dog was referred to Chonbuk National University Animal Medical Center with unilateral left epiphora. Magnified ophthalmic examination revealed a very small tissue mass on the palpebral conjunctiva of the left eye. The mass was surgically removed and microscopic examination confirmed moderate papillary hyperplasia of the squamous epithelium without viral cytopathic effects. Based on the histology, the mass was diagnosed as a non-viral squamous papilloma. After removal of the mass, the epiphora was completely solved. This case report describes the non-viral squamous papilloma arising from the conjunctiva in a dog with epiphora. Key words : epiphora, conjunctiva, dog, non-viral squamous papilloma. Introduction Epiphora may frequently occur in dogs and cats and that is a clinical feature of essential disease of the anatomical lacri- mal gland (11,14). However, overproduction of tears is more related to inflammation of the eye such as entropion, ectro- pion, distichiasis, trichiasis, corneal and conjunctival inflam- mation, and foreign bodies. In addition, disorders of naso- lacrimal drainage system including malposition or absence of the puncta, obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct are involved (5,8,11). The treatment of epiphora is focused on the cure of original problem. Although medical and surgical management for tear overproduction is frequently documented and has a good prognosis, which is not always satisfied for the patients throughout their life unless an underlying cause can be treated. Exact diagnosis is the most important to treat over- production of tear. Squamous papilloma is a common and generally benign squamous epithelial tumor of the skin, oral cavity, eyelid and conjunctiva (1,2). Papillomas in dogs less commonly affect the ocular region, including the conjunctiva and cornea (9). In the conjunctiva, papillomas are typically characterized by finger-like projections that have a fibrovascular core in the epithelium and stroma of the mucous membrane (3,6). The etiology of the conjunctival papilloma in the dog remains unclear. However, the majority of reported cases have been virally induced by either solitary cutaneous papilloma produc- ing virus or canine oral papilloma (COP) virus (9). In cases with no evidence of viral origin, the proliferative masses are considered to be non-viral squamous papilloma (2). The his- tological changes associated with non-viral papilloma include exophytic papillated projections of pleomorphic epithelium which lack the characteristics of viral cytopathic effect (13). This case report describes the epiphora result from very small non-viral squamous papilloma of the conjunctiva in a dog. Case A 12-year-old intact female mixed breed dog was referred with a history of unilateral epiphora and mild ocular dis- charge from the left eye. Although the dog already had been several medications including eye-drop from local animal hospital, it had been suffered from moderate lacrimation for approximately 12 month. No abnormalities were found on routine physical and radiological examinations. Schirmer tear test (STT-1) values were 35 mm wetting in the left eye, and 23 mm in the right eye during 60 seconds. The conjunctiva 1 Corresponding author. E-mail : [email protected]Fig 1. Very small non-viral squamous papilloma in the left lower palpebral conjunctiva.
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pISSN 1598-298XJ Vet Clin 31(4) : 319-321 (2014)
319
Epiphora by Non-viral Squamous Papilloma of the Conjunctiva in a Dog
Jury Kim*, Ul Soo Choi*, Caryn E. Plummer**, Dennis E. Brooks** and Min-Su Kim*,
**
*College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 561-756, Korea
**Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine,
University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32608 USA
(Accepted: August 18, 2014)
Abstract : A 12-year-old mixed breed male dog was referred to Chonbuk National University Animal Medical Centerwith unilateral left epiphora. Magnified ophthalmic examination revealed a very small tissue mass on the palpebralconjunctiva of the left eye. The mass was surgically removed and microscopic examination confirmed moderate papillaryhyperplasia of the squamous epithelium without viral cytopathic effects. Based on the histology, the mass was diagnosedas a non-viral squamous papilloma. After removal of the mass, the epiphora was completely solved. This case reportdescribes the non-viral squamous papilloma arising from the conjunctiva in a dog with epiphora.
Key words : epiphora, conjunctiva, dog, non-viral squamous papilloma.
Introduction
Epiphora may frequently occur in dogs and cats and that is
a clinical feature of essential disease of the anatomical lacri-
mal gland (11,14). However, overproduction of tears is more
related to inflammation of the eye such as entropion, ectro-
pion, distichiasis, trichiasis, corneal and conjunctival inflam-
mation, and foreign bodies. In addition, disorders of naso-
lacrimal drainage system including malposition or absence of
the puncta, obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct are involved
(5,8,11). The treatment of epiphora is focused on the cure of
original problem. Although medical and surgical management
for tear overproduction is frequently documented and has a
good prognosis, which is not always satisfied for the patients
throughout their life unless an underlying cause can be
treated. Exact diagnosis is the most important to treat over-
production of tear.
Squamous papilloma is a common and generally benign
squamous epithelial tumor of the skin, oral cavity, eyelid and
conjunctiva (1,2). Papillomas in dogs less commonly affect
the ocular region, including the conjunctiva and cornea (9).
In the conjunctiva, papillomas are typically characterized by
finger-like projections that have a fibrovascular core in the
epithelium and stroma of the mucous membrane (3,6). The
etiology of the conjunctival papilloma in the dog remains
unclear. However, the majority of reported cases have been
virally induced by either solitary cutaneous papilloma produc-
ing virus or canine oral papilloma (COP) virus (9). In cases
with no evidence of viral origin, the proliferative masses are
considered to be non-viral squamous papilloma (2). The his-
tological changes associated with non-viral papilloma include
exophytic papillated projections of pleomorphic epithelium
which lack the characteristics of viral cytopathic effect (13).
This case report describes the epiphora result from very small
non-viral squamous papilloma of the conjunctiva in a dog.
Case
A 12-year-old intact female mixed breed dog was referred
with a history of unilateral epiphora and mild ocular dis-
charge from the left eye. Although the dog already had been
several medications including eye-drop from local animal
hospital, it had been suffered from moderate lacrimation for
approximately 12 month. No abnormalities were found on
routine physical and radiological examinations. Schirmer tear
test (STT-1) values were 35 mm wetting in the left eye, and
23 mm in the right eye during 60 seconds. The conjunctiva