EPI Program 2013 2

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EXP NDED PROGR M ON

IMMUNIZ TION

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Reduce the morbidity and mortality

among children against seven (7) vaccine

preventable diseases regionwide and

achieve at least 95% FIC coverage to all

barangays.

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Seven (7) VaccinePreventable Diseases

1. Poliomyelitis is a crippling disease caused byanyone of 3 related viruses, poliovirus types 1, 2or 3

2. Diptheria is caused by bacteriumcorynebacterium diphtheriae. This germproduces a toxic that can harm or destroy humanbody tissues & organs.

3. Measles is a highly infectious viral disease thatkills more children than any other vaccine preventable disease.

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Seven (7) VaccinePreventable Diseases

4. Tetanus is caused by a bacteria found in theenvironment.

5. Hepatitis B is caused by virus that affects theliver.

6. Tuberculosis is caused by the bacteriummycobacterium tuberculosis w/c usually attacksthe lungs but can also affect other parts of the

body, including the bones, joint and brain.7. Pertussis or Whooping Cough is a disease of the

respiratory tract caused by bacteria that live inthe mouth, nose and throat.

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VACCINES

What is Vaccines?- Any preparation intended to produce immunity to a

disease by stimulating the production of antibodies.

Three Essential Qualities of Vaccine.1. Safe

a. Must produce protective immunity.

b. Must have only minimal side effects.

c. More discomfort in side effects can be acceptable,however, depending upon the severity of the diseasethe vaccine is designed to prevent .

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VACCINES

Three Essential Qualities of Vaccine.

2. Immunogenic

a. Must cause a strong and measurable immune

response.b. Prime the recipient s immune system to recognize thedisease causing microbe and launch a counter attackbefore illness can occur.

c. Must induce the right type of immunity.3. Stable

a. Must be stable during its shell life.

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VACCINE SCHEDULE AND STORAGE

Vaccine Schedule ofVaccination

How it isstored

Route ofAdministra

tion

Remarks

BCG:It is given at theearliest possible

age, protects thepossibility ofinfection fr. Otherfamily members.

Anytimeafter birth

+20c to80c

Intradermal -Freezing does notdamage it butampoules may

break.- Diluents shouldalso be kept beforeuse.

OPV:

The extent ofprotection againstpolio is increasedthe earlier theOPV is given

1stdose 6

weeks2nddose 10weeks3rddose 14weeks

-150c to

250

c

Oral - It is easily

damaged by heatbut is not harmedby freezing.

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How it isstored

Route ofAdministr

ation

Remarks

DPTAn early start w/DPT reduces the

chance of severepertussis

1stdose 6 wks.2nddose 10 wks.3rddose 14 wks.

+20c to+80c

Intramuscular

The DTcomponent isdamaged by

freezing & Pcomponent isdamaged byheat.

HepatitisB

An early start ofHepB reduces thechance of beinginfected andbecoming acarrier

1stdose 6 wks.

2nd

dose 10 wks.3rddose 14 wks.

+20c to

+80

c

Intramusc

ular

Both heat and

freezing thedamages thevaccine

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How it isstored

Route ofAdministr

ation

Remarks

MeasleAt least 85% ofMeasle can be

prevented byimmunization atthis stage

9 months -150c to -250cbut canalso be

safelystored bet.+20c to+80c untilits expirydate.

Subcutaneous

Diluents shouldalso be keptcold before use.

MMRPrevent theoccurrenceMeasles, Mumps,Congenital

Rubella

12 - 15 mos. Same Same Same

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How it isstored

Route ofAdministr

ation

Remarks

Tetanus ToxoidPreventsTetanus in

both themother andthe newborn

1stdose as early aspossible during 1stPregnancy

2nddose 4wks.After 1stdose w/inthe samepregnancy3rddose 6 mos.After TT24thdose 1 yr. afterTT35thdose 1 yr. afterTT4

+20c to 80c Intramuscular

It should neverbe frozen.

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What is Immunization Safety ? Public health practices and policies.

Focusing on minimizing risk of transmission ofdisease w/ injection and maximizing the effectivenessof the vaccine.

Spectrum of the events fr. proper manufacture tocorrect administration.

Why is Immunization Safety Important?

To ensure the quality and potency of vaccines. To protect the safety of clients and health workers.

To secure the safety of entire community throughproper disposal.

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What is Injection Safety? Does not harm the recipient.

Does not expose the health staff to any avoidable risks.

Does not result in waste that is dangerous to thecommunity.

Injection Equipments1. Auto Disable Syringe

a. Disposable injection devices.

b. Prevent reusec. Less likely to cause person person

transmission of blood borne diseases.

2. Conventional Syringe

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Management of Sharps Waste Used syringes and needles shld. Never be dumped in

open areas.

The need better manage used or contaminated sharpsis through the use of safety collector boxes.

Waste Disposal1. Septic Vault

2. Pit Burial

3. Waste treatment and final disposal landfill.

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What is an important responsibility of thehealth worker in giving safe injections?

FIRST, DO NO HARM.

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Thank you for

listening

DOH CHD Caraga Regional Epidemiology and Surveillance Unit

EPI Program 2013 2

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