31 帝汶島民居類型先期研究(東帝汶與印尼西帝汶) 陳耀如 * 林永隆 ** 潘仲平 *** 陳巧儀 **** 王明蘅 ***** 關鍵字:帝汶島,民居類型,雙屋民居,神聖屋,空間基型 摘 要 帝汶島地處東南亞邊陲,種族數量眾多,民居類型相當多樣化。2012 年初訪東帝汶,發現各種族普遍存在 一種「雙屋民居」類型,為其他地方所未見。雙屋之 Uma Nulik (神聖屋)內有祖靈、爐台、長者臥榻等, Uma Tidor (起居屋)供睡眠、起居、工作用。2014 年本研究進行帝汶島田野調查,走訪 14 個種族之聚落與民居,測繪 61 棟民居並進行現場訪談,之後將 27 棟民居繪成 3D 立體構造圖並進行分析。研究結論:一、神聖屋與起居屋有 四種組合形態;二、起居屋之空間、構造與造型有一致性兼具變化形式;三、神聖屋各種族不同,可歸納為六 種空間基型;四、某些神聖屋類型可為不同種族共用;五、同一種族可採用各種不同的神聖屋類型。六、身處 南島語族與巴布亞語族接壤處的帝汶島,不同語族的民居類型對於採用空間基型有特別的傾向,但是並非截然 的分野,不同語族的民居類型之間也存在著交流與共享的情形。 A Preliminary Study on the House Types in Timor Island (Timor Leste and Indonesian West Timor) Yao-Ru Chen * Lim Yong Long ** Chung-Pin Pan *** Chiao-Yi Chen **** Ming-Hung Wang ***** KEYWORDS: Timor Island, House Type, Pair-House, Uma Lulik, Spatial Basic Form ABSTRACT Timor Island situates in the southeast end of Southeast Asia. The island accommodates many ethnic groups, which produce many diverse house types. As visiting East Timor in 2012, we found a type of “Pair-House” widely spread over the island. Uma Nulik, holy house, containing the ancestry soul, fireplace and elder’s bed, and Uma Tidor, house for sleep, containing living, sleeping and working space, compose the Pair-House. In 2014, this research made a field survey in Timor Island and 61 house cases were measured, in which 27 cases were drawn into 3D construction models later. The research has revealed conclusions as follows: 1. There are four composition types of Uma Lulik and Uma Tidor. 2. Uma Tidors in every ethnic group were found consistency but with variations. 3. Uma Luliks were different in every ethnic group and can be induced into sixspatial basic forms. 4. Different ethnic groups may adopt a similar type of Uma Lulik. 5. Single ethnic group has adopted several different Uma Lulik types, shared with other ethnic groups. 6. Timor Island is the encounter region between Austronesian language groups and Papua language groups. Ethnic groups from the two language groups have their tendencies in adopting spatial basic forms, meanwhile, some elements of house types were shared or transported within different ethnic groups. 收件日期:2016.05.04;接受日期:2016.09.09 * 正修科技大學建築與室內設計系副教授(通訊作者 Email: [email protected]) Associate Professor, Department of Architecture and Interior Design, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan ** 馬來西亞理工大學建築系助理教授 Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Malaysia *** 正修科技大學建築與室內設計系碩士 Master of Architecture, Department of Architecture and Interior Design, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan **** 國立成功大學建築系碩士生 Graduate Student, Department of Architecture, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan ***** 國立成功大學建築系教授 Professor, Department of Architecture, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan DOI:10.3966/101632122016120098003 臺灣建築學會「建築學報」第 98 期,31~52 頁,2016 年 12 月,冬季號 JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE, No. 98, pp.31~52, Dec. 2016, Winter DOI:10.3966/101632122016120098003
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
31
帝汶島民居類型先期研究 (東帝汶與印尼西帝汶) A Preliminary Study on the House Types in Timor Island (Timor Leste and Indonesian West Timor)
KEYWORDS: Timor Island, House Type, Pair-House, Uma Lulik, Spatial Basic Form
ABSTRACT Timor Island situates in the southeast end of Southeast Asia. The island accommodates many ethnic groups, which
produce many diverse house types. As visiting East Timor in 2012, we found a type of “Pair-House” widely spread over the island. Uma Nulik, holy house, containing the ancestry soul, fireplace and elder’s bed, and Uma Tidor, house for sleep, containing living, sleeping and working space, compose the Pair-House. In 2014, this research made a field survey in Timor Island and 61 house cases were measured, in which 27 cases were drawn into 3D construction models later. The research has revealed conclusions as follows: 1. There are four composition types of Uma Lulik and Uma Tidor. 2. Uma Tidors in every ethnic group were found consistency but with variations. 3. Uma Luliks were different in every ethnic group and can be induced into sixspatial basic forms. 4. Different ethnic groups may adopt a similar type of Uma Lulik. 5. Single ethnic group has adopted several different Uma Lulik types, shared with other ethnic groups. 6. Timor Island is the encounter region between Austronesian language groups and Papua language groups. Ethnic groups from the two language groups have their tendencies in adopting spatial basic forms, meanwhile, some elements of house types were shared or transported within different ethnic groups.
收件日期:2016.05.04;接受日期:2016.09.09 *正修科技大學建築與室內設計系副教授(通訊作者 Email: [email protected]) Associate Professor, Department of Architecture and Interior Design, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan **馬來西亞理工大學建築系助理教授 Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Malaysia ***正修科技大學建築與室內設計系碩士 Master of Architecture, Department of Architecture and Interior Design, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan ****國立成功大學建築系碩士生 Graduate Student, Department of Architecture, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan *****國立成功大學建築系教授 Professor, Department of Architecture, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan DOI:10.3966/101632122016120098003
生產技術研究所,東京。 Bellwood, P., Fox, J. J., & Tryon, D. (Eds.) (2006). The
Austronesians: Historical and Comparative Perspectives. Canberra, AU: The Australian University E Press.
Chen, Y. R., & Pan, C. P. (2012). Two basic types of wood constructions in East Asian traditional houses: Horizontal stacking and vertical trussing. Proceedings of East Asian Architecture Conference 2012 (pp. 1-14). Hong Kong, China: School of Architecture, The Chinese University of Hong Kong.
Cinatti, R., de Ameida, L., & Mendes, S. (1987). Arquitectura Timorense. Lisboa, PT: Museu the Etnologia.
Cocks, R. (2011). Timor-Leste (East Timor). Singapore: Lonely Planet Publications.
Fox, J. J. (Ed.) (1980). The Flow of Life - Essays on Eastern Indonesia. USA: Harvard University Press.
Fox, J. J. (Ed.) (2006a). Inside Austronesian Houses:
Perspectives on Domestic Designs for Living. Canberra, AU: The Australian University E Press.
Fox, J. J. (Ed.) (2006b).The Poetic Power of Place: The Comparative Perspectives on Austronesian Ideas of Locality. Canberra, AU: The Australian University E Press.
Fox, J. J., & Sather, C. (Eds.) (2006). Origins, Ancestry and Alliance: Explorations in Austronesian Ethnography. Canberra, AU: The Australian University E Press.
Fox, J. J., & Soares, D. B. (Eds.) (2003). Out of the Ashes: Deconstruction and Reconstruction of East Timor. Canberra, AU: The Australian University E Press.
Hagerdal, H. (2012). Lords of the Land, Lords of the Sea: Conflict and Adaptation Inearly Colonial Timor, 1600-1800. Leiden, Holland: ITLV Press.
McWilliam, A., & Traube, E. G. (Eds.) (2011). Land and Life in Timor Leste: Ethnographic Essays. Canberra, AU: The Australian University E Press.
Tjahjono, G. (Ed.) (1998).ARCHITECTURE-Indonesia Heritage. Singapore: Archipelago Press.
Vernakular, K. K. A. (1992). ARSITEKTUR- Proto Mongoloid, Negroid, Austroloid. Kupang, ID: Universitas Widya Mandira.
Wikipedia (2010). Languages of East Timor. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_East_Timor.
REFERENCES in English
Bellwood, P., Fox, J. J., & Tryon, D. (Eds.) (2006). The Austronesians: Historical and Comparative Perspectives. Canberra, AU: The Australian University E Press.
Chen, Y. R. (2009).The Generative Analysis of Malay House Types. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Department of Architecture, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan.
Chen, Y. R., & Pan, C. P. (2012). Two basic types of wood constructions in East Asian traditional houses: Horizontal stacking and vertical trussing. Proceedings of East Asian Architecture Conference 2012 (pp. 1-14). Hong Kong,
China: School of Architecture, The Chinese University of Hong Kong.
Cinatti, R., de Ameida, L., & Mendes, S. (1987). Arquitectura Timorense. Lisboa, PT: Museu the Etnologia.
Fox, J. J. (Ed.) (1980).The Flow of Life - Essays on Eastern Indonesia. USA: Harvard University Press.
Fox, J. J. (Ed.) (2006a). Inside Austronesian Houses: Perspectives on Domestic Designs for Living. Canberra, AU: The Australian University E Press.
Fox, J. J. (Ed.) (2006b). The Poetic Power of Place: The Comparative Perspectives on Austronesian Ideas of Locality. Canberra, AU: The Australian University E Press.
Fox, J. J., & Sather, C. (Eds.) (2006). Origins, Ancestry and Alliance: Explorations in Austronesian Ethnography. Canberra, AU: The Australian University E Press.
Fox, J. J.,& Soares, D. B. (Eds.) (2003). Out of the Ashes: Deconstruction and Reconstruction of East Timor. Canberra, AU: The Australian University E Press.
Hagerdal, H. (2012). Lords of the Land, Lords of the Sea: Conflict and Adaptation Inearly Colonial Timor, 1600-1800. Leiden, Holland: KITLV Press.
McWilliam, A., & Traube, E. G. (Eds.) (2011). Land and Life in Timor Leste: Ethnographic Essays. Canberra, AU: The Australian University E Press.