EOC BOOT CAMP 123 Terms – 4 Days – 50 Questions – ½ of your Final – 7.5% of Final Grade.

EOC BOOT CAMP123 Terms – 4 Days –

50 Questions – ½ of your Final – 7.5% of Final Grade

13th AmendmentThe Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime.

14th AmendmentThe Fourteenth Amendment addresses citizenship rights and equal protection of the laws, and was proposed in response to issues related to former slaves following the American Civil War.

15th AmendmentThe Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibits the federal and state governments from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizen's "race, color, or previous condition of servitude".

Homestead ActThe Homestead Acts were several United States federal laws that gave an applicant ownership of land, typically called a "homestead", at little or no cost, this originally consisted of grants totaling 160 acres

ReconstructionReconstruction Era has two senses: the first covers the complete history of the entire country from 1865 to 1877 following the Civil War; the second sense focuses on the transformation of the Southern United States from 1863 to 1877, as directed by Washington, with the reconstruction of state and society.

Jim Crow LawsThe Jim Crow laws were state and local laws in the United States enacted between 1876 and 1965. They mandated de jure racial segregation in all public facilities in Southern states of the former Confederacy, with, starting in 1890, a "separate but equal" status for African Americans.

Poll TaxA tax to be paid as a prerequisite to voting. The term was widely used in the South at the turn of the 20th century in combination with other measures as a means of disfranchisement to bar poor people, especially blacks, from voter registration and voting.

Literacy TestsA literacy test refers to the government practice of testing the literacy (reading/writing ability) of potential citizens at the federal level, and potential voters at the state level.

Plessy v. FergusonPlessy v. Ferguson (1896), is a landmark United States Supreme Court decision, upholding the constitutionality of state laws requiring racial segregation in public facilities under the doctrine of "separate but equal".

Andrew JohnsonJohnson became president as Abraham Lincoln's vice president at the time of Lincoln's assassination, and he came into conflict with the Republican-dominated Congress, culminating in his impeachment by the House of Representatives. The first American president to be impeached, he was acquitted in the Senate by one vote.

ImpeachImpeachment is a formal process in which an official is accused of unlawful activity, the outcome of which, depending on the country, may include the removal of that official from office as well as criminal or civil punishment.

Pendleton ActGovernment jobs should be awarded on the basis of merit. The act provided selection of government employees by competitive exams, than ties to politicians or political affiliation.

Importance of RailroadsWith steam engines, it was possible to construct mainline railways, which were a key component of the industrial revolution. Also, railways reduced the costs of shipping, and allowed for fewer lost goods.

Transcontinental RailroadThis was the connection of railroads that allowed the Western portion of the United States to be connected to major railroads in the Eastern half of the United States.

Railroads Impact on FarmersAllowed for quicker transportation of food from farms (mainly in the Midwest) to large populous cities (mainly in the East)

Cattle DrivesA cattle drive is the process of moving a herd of cattle from one place to another, usually moved and herded by cowboys on horses.

Steel PlowIn 1837 John Deere introduced the first steel plough; it was so much stronger than iron designs that it could work soil in areas of the US that had previously been considered unsuitable for farming.

Model TIt is generally regarded as the first affordable automobile, the car that opened travel to the common middle-class American; some of this was because of Ford's efficient creatation

Bessemer ProcessThe Bessemer process was the first inexpensive industrial process for the mass-production of steel from molten iron

Assembly LineAn assembly line is a manufacturing process in which parts (usually interchangeable parts) are added to a product in a sequential manner to create a finished product much faster than with handcrafting-type methods.

SteelIt build American and help improve our transportation system. Also it also help change how our country looks. In addition it increase the growth of industries and connected the cities.

Populist PartyBased among poor, white cotton farmers in the South and hard-pressed wheat farmers in the plains states, it represented rural people (think farmers) and preached hostility towards banks, railroads, and elites.

BimetallismBoth gold and silver money are legal tender in unlimited amounts.

Immigrants ImpactImmigrants that came to the United States did many of the jobs that many American citizens refused to do. This caused the Americans to distrust immigrants because they were “taking” jobs. Many immigrants also were responsible for helping to create “Modern America”

Role of Immigrants on American Expansion

Many immigrants (especially Asian immigrants) were the ones who performed many of the dangerous jobs to help America complete Manifest Destiny

Susan B. AnthonyShe was a prominent American civil rights leader and feminist who played a pivotal role in the 19th century women's rights movement to introduce women's suffrage into the United States.

MonopoliesA situation in which a single company or group owns all or nearly all of the market for a given type of product or service. By definition, monopoly is characterized by an absence of competition, which often results in high prices and inferior products.

Horizontal IntegrationBuying out competition that is similar or alike. (Examples; Chevrolet buying Ford and Toyota)

Vertical IntegrationControl of the suppliers and the producers are controlled by the same person or group. (Example; Andrew Carnegie and Steel)

Sherman Anti-Trust ActIt prohibits certain business activities that federal government regulators deem to be anticompetitive, and requires the federal government to investigate and pursue trusts, companies, and organizations suspected of being in violation. It was the first federal statute to limit cartels and monopolies, and today still forms the basis for most antitrust litigation by the United States federal government.

ImperialismImperialism is defined as "an unequal human and territorial relationship, usually in the form of an empire, based on ideas of superiority and practices of dominance, and involving the extension of authority and control of one state or people over another.”policy of extending control over weaker nations

What are the reasons for Imperialism1. Global Competition

2. Desire for Military Strength

3. Thirst for New Markets

4. Belief in Cultural Superiority

Spanish-American WarThe Spanish–American War was a conflict in 1898 between Spain and the United States, which the United States gained several island possessions spanning the globe

USS MaineSent to protect U.S. interests during the Cuban revolt against Spain, she exploded suddenly without warning and sank quickly, killing nearly three quarters of her crew (266)

Yellow JournalismA type of journalism that presents little or no legitimate well-researched news and instead uses eye-catching headlines to sell more newspapers. Techniques may include exaggerations of news events, scandal-mongering, or sensationalism.

Andrew CarnegieHe was an industrialist who led the enormous expansion of the American steel industry. He was also one of the highest profile philanthropists of his era; he called on the rich to use their wealth to improve society.

John D. RockefellerHe was an American tycoon, businessman, and philanthropist. He was a co-founder of the Standard Oil Company, which dominated the oil industry and was the first great U.S. business trust. Rockefeller revolutionized the oil industry

Cornelius VanderbiltHe was an American tycoon, businessman, and philanthropist who built his wealth in railroads and shipping. He was also the patriarch of the Vanderbilt family and one of the richest Americans in history.

Henry FordHe was an American industrialist, the founder of the Ford Motor Company, and sponsor of the development of the assembly line technique of mass production. Ford did not invent the automobile nor did he invent the assembly line. Ford however was the first to develop and manufacture the first automobile that many middle class Americans could afford to buy.

Labor UnionsAn organization of workers who have banded together to achieve common goals such as protecting the integrity of its trade, achieving higher pay, increasing the number of employees an employer hires, and better working conditions

Progressive EraThe Progressive Era was a period of social activism and political reform in the United States that flourished from the 1890s to the 1920s. One main goal of the Progressive movement was purification of government, as Progressives tried to eliminate corruption

Upton SinclairHe achieved popularity in the first half of the twentieth century, acquiring particular fame for his classic muckraking novel, The Jungle. It exposed conditions in the U.S. meat packing industry, causing a public uproar that contributed in part to the passage a few months later of the 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act and the Meat Inspection Act

MuckrakingThe term muckraker refers to reform-minded journalists who wrote largely for popular magazines, continued a tradition of investigative journalism reporting The term "muckraking" was used to refer in a general sense to a writer who investigates and publishes truthful reports to perform an auditing or watchdog function.

Living StandardsStandard of living refers to the level of wealth, comfort, material goods and necessities available to a certain socioeconomic class in a certain geographic area.

World War IAlthough imperialism was an underlying cause, the immediate trigger for war was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria. This set off a diplomatic crisis and international alliances formed over the previous decades were invoked. Within weeks, the major powers were at war and the conflict

LusitaniaOn the afternoon of 7 May, Lusitania was torpedoed by a German U-Boat off the southern coast of Ireland and inside the declared "zone of war“ causing the deaths of 1,198 passengers (128 Americans ). This brought the US into WWI

Unrestricted Submarine WarfareUnrestricted submarine warfare is a type of naval warfare in which submarines sink vessels such as freighters and tankers without warning.

Zimmermann TelegramWas a 1917 diplomatic proposal from Germany to Mexico to join the Central Powers, in the event of the United States entering World War I. Revelation of the contents outraged American public opinion and helped generate support for the United States declaration of war on Germany

PropagandaPropaganda is a form of communication aimed towards influencing the attitude of the community toward some cause or position by presenting only one side of an argument. Propaganda statements may be partly false and partly true.Goes after an emotion of the reader.

Espionage ActIt was intended to prohibit interference with military operations or recruitment, to prevent insubordination in the military, and to prevent the support of U.S. enemies during wartime through journalism/random speech.

League of NationsWas an intergovernmental organization founded as a result of the Paris Peace Conference that ended the First World War. It was the first international organization whose principal mission was to maintain world peace. Collapsed due to lack of global support (including the US)

CapitalismCapitalism is an economic system in which trade, industry and the means of production are controlled by private owners with the goal of making profits in a market economy

SocialismA way of organizing a society in which major industries are owned and controlled by the government rather than by individual people and companies

CommunismA way of organizing a society in which the government owns the things that are used to make and transport products (such as land, oil, factories, ships, etc.) and there is no privately owned property. Everyone/thing is equal

Roaring 20sThe 1920s was a decade that began on January 1, 1920 and ended on December 31, 1929. It is sometimes referred to as the Roaring Twenties, when speaking about the United States because of the economic boom following World War I.

ConsumerismConsumerism is a social and economic order that encourages the purchase of goods and services in ever-greater amounts.

ProhibitionProhibition, is the legal act of prohibiting the manufacture, transportation and sale of alcohol and alcoholic beverages.

SpeakeasiesThis is an establishment that illegally sells alcoholic beverages.

NativismNativism typically means opposition to immigration and support of efforts to lower the political or legal status of specific ethnic or cultural groups because the groups are considered hostile or alien to the natural culture, and assumptions that they cannot be assimilated

Red ScareThe term Red Scare denotes the promotion of fear of a potential rise of communism & focused on national and foreign communists influencing society, infiltrating the federal government

FlapperFlappers were a "new breed" of young women in the 1920s who wore short skirts, bobbed their hair, listened to jazz, and flaunted their disdain for what was then considered acceptable behavior. Flappers were seen as brash for wearing excessive makeup, drinking, smoking, driving automobiles, and otherwise flouting social norms

Credit/DebtCredit is given to people who do not possess the means to pay for goods.

If not repaid in a timely manner, then debt occurs.

Great DepressionThe Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression . In most countries it started in 1930 and lasted until the late 1930s or middle 1940s.

It was the longest, most widespread, and deepest depression of the 20th century.

Causes of the Great Depression1. Bank Failures2. Stock Market Crash

of 19293. Over-production of

farms4. Over credit/debt5. Lack of

government support/help

6. Unemployment

Over-SpeculationSpeculation is the practice of engaging in risky financial transactions in an attempt to profit from short or medium term fluctuations in the market value of a tradable goods rather than attempting to profit from long term

Dust BowlThe Dust Bowl was a period of severe dust storms that greatly damaged the landscape and agriculture of the US during the 1930s; severe drought and a failure to use new farming methods to prevent wind erosion caused the phenomenon

Deficit SpendingDeficit spending is the amount by which spending exceeds revenue over a particular period of time

HoovervillesA "Hooverville" is the popular name for shanty towns built by homeless people during the Great Depression. They were named after Herbert Hoover, who was President of the United States during the onset of the Depression and widely blamed for it.

Laissez-FaireLaissez-faire is an economic environment in which transactions between private parties are free from government restrictions, tariffs, and subsidies, with only enough regulations to protect property rights. The phrase laissez-faire is French and literally means "let [them] do", but it broadly implies "leave it alone".

New DealThe New Deal was a series of domestic economic programs enacted in the United States between 1933 and 1936. The programs were in response to the Great Depression, and focused on what historians call the "3 Rs": Relief, Recovery, and Reform. That is Relief for the unemployed and poor; Recovery of the economy to normal levels; and Reform of the financial system to prevent a repeat depression

Great MigrationGreat Migration was the migration of more than five million African Americans from the South to the North, Midwest and West. It took place from 1941, through World War II, and lasted until 1970

F.D.I.C.It provides deposit insurance guaranteeing the safety of a depositor's accounts in member banks up to $250,000 for each deposit ownership category in each insured bank.

World War IIIt involved the vast majority of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the most widespread war in history, with more than 100 million people, from more than 30 different countries.

Causes of WWIIInvasion of Poland by Germany and the Soviet Union

Japan bombing Pearl Harbor

FascismFascists sought to unify their nation through a totalitarian state that promoted the mass mobilization of the national community, and were characterized by having a vanguard party that initiated a revolutionary political movement aiming to reorganize the nation

AppeasementAppeasement in a political context, is a diplomatic policy of making political or material concessions to a (potential) enemy power (or powers) in order to avoid a threatened conflict

“Rosie the Riveter”Rosie the Riveter is a cultural icon of the United States, representing the American women who worked in factories during World War II, many of whom produced munitions and war supplies

Manhattan ProjectThe Manhattan Project was a research and development project that produced the first atomic bombs during World War II

Marshall PlanThe Marshall Plan was the American initiative to aid Europe, in which the United States gave economic support to help rebuild European economies after the end of World War II in order to prevent the spread of Soviet Communism

America in the 1950sTime after WWII when America expanded into a “cookie cutter” world that looked alike. Things like the “perfect family” threats of nuclear war, and fear of communism are common themes.

SuburbiaA suburb is a residential area or a mixed use area, either existing as part of a city or urban area, or as a separate residential community within commuting distance of a city

United NationsThe United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization created in 1945 to promote world peace, economic and social development, and other forms of international cooperation.

Cold WarThe Cold War, often dated from 1947 to 1991, was a sustained state of political and military tension between powers in the United States with NATO among its allies, and powers dominated by the Soviet Union along with the Warsaw Pact

Domino TheoryThe domino theory existed from the 1950s to the 1980s. It was promoted at times by the United States government and speculated that if one state in a region came under the influence of communism, then the surrounding countries would follow in a domino effect

Space RaceThe Space Race was a competition between the Soviet Union (USSR) and the United States (US) for supremacy in space exploration.

Bay of Pigs Incident An American CIA-sponsored attempt to overthrow the new government of Cuban Prime Minister Fidel Castro in April 1961.

ContainmentContainment was a United States policy to prevent the spread of communism abroad.

Korean WarThe Korean War was a war between the South Korea, supported by the United Nations, and North Korea, at one time supported by the People's Republic of China and the Soviet Union.

McCarthyismMcCarthyism is the practice of making accusations of disloyalty, subversion, or treason without proper regard for evidence.

Fears of communism in the US and US government

Vietnam WarThe U.S. government viewed American involvement in the war as a way to prevent a communist takeover of South Vietnam. This was part of their wider strategy of containment, which aimed to stop the spread of communism. The North Vietnamese government and the Viet Cong were fighting to reunify Vietnam under communist rule.

Gulf of Tonkin ResolutionIt is of historical significance because it gave U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson authorization, without a formal declaration of war by Congress, for the use of "conventional'' military force in Southeast Asia.

Counter Culture of the 1960sThe hippie subculture was originally a youth movement that arose in the United States during the mid-1960s

Civil RightsCivil rights are a class of rights that protect individuals' freedom from governments and private organizations, and ensure one's ability to participate in the civil and political life of the state without discrimination or repression.

Martin Luther King Jr.Martin Luther King, Jr. was an American clergyman, activist, humanitarian, and leader in the African-American Civil Rights Movement. He is best known for his role in the advancement of civil rights using nonviolent civil disobedience

Non-ViolenceNonviolent resistance (or nonviolent action) is the practice of achieving goals through symbolic protests, civil disobedience, and other methods, without using violence.

IntegrationIntegration includes goals such as leveling barriers to association, creating equal opportunity regardless of race, and the development of a culture that draws on diverse traditions, rather than merely bringing a racial minority into the majority culture. Desegregation is largely a legal matter, integration largely a social one.

Malcolm XMalcolm X was an African-American Muslim minister and human rights activist. He has been called one of the greatest and most influential African Americans in history.

Racial SegregationRacial segregation is separation of humans into racial groups in daily life

Civil Rights Act of 1964Is a landmark piece of civil rights legislation in the United States that outlawed major forms of discrimination against racial, ethnic, national and religious minorities, and women. It ended unequal application of voter registration requirements and racial segregation in schools, at the workplace and by facilities that served the general public (known as "public accommodations")

Harlem RenaissanceThe Movement also included the new African-American cultural expressions across the urban areas in the Northeast and Midwest United States affected by the Great Migration (African American), of which Harlem was the largest.

Watergate ScandalThe Watergate scandal was a political scandal that occurred in the United States in the 1970s as a result of the June 17, 1972 break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters at the Watergate office complex in Washington, D.C., and the Nixon administration's attempted cover-up of its involvement.

1970s AmericaThe decade as a "pivot of change" in world history focusing especially on the economic upheavals

OPEC EmbargoIn October 1973, OPEC declared an oil embargo in response to the United States' and Western Europe's support of Israel in the Yom Kippur War of 1973. The result was a rise in oil prices from $3 per barrel to $12 and the commencement of gas rationing.

Rust BeltThe Rust Belt is the informal description for a postindustrial region straddling the Northeastern and the East North Central States, referring to economic decline, population loss and urban decay due to the shrinking of its once powerful industrial sector.

Majority Rules/Minority RightsWhen making rules/laws the majority of people that want something win, but they MUST RESPECT those that do not

Checks & BalancesThis allows for each branch of the government to keep an eye on each other.

FilibusterA filibuster is a parliamentary procedure where debate is extended, allowing one or more members to delay or entirely prevent a vote on a given proposal. It is sometimes referred to as talking out a bill

Interest GroupsSimilar to Unions, these groups fight for rights of certain people. (Examples; Oil, Tobacco, Guns, Education, etc…)

Eminent Domain

the power to take private property for public use by a state or national government.

Basic Government Principles