Environmentally-Friendly Urban Development in South Africa JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY JICA Study Team: Supported by: August 2014
Environmentally-FriendlyUrban Developmentin South Africa
JAPAN INTERNATIONAL
COOPERATION AGENCY
JICA Study Team:
Supported by:
August 2014
0 200km
Namibia
Botswana
Zimbabwe
Mocambique
Swaziland
Lesotho
CAPE TOWN
JOHANNESBURG
WESTERN CAPE
NORTERN CAPE
NORTH-WEST
NORTHERN
KWAZULU-NATAL
ESTERN CAPE
GAUTENG
TRANSVAAL
EASTERNTRANSVAAL
FREE STATE
BLOEMFONTEIN
PRETORIA
DURBAN
Administrative Country Capital
Judicial Country Capital
Legislative Country Capital
Province Boundary International Boundary
Major arterial road
research Area
Comprehensive solutions
Planning &Technologies
Institutional Frameworks
Financial Support
Capacity Building
Japanese enterprises
Japanese government
Mr. Shigehisa Matsumura,
JICA Study Team Leader
Survey Area
Current Issues
JohannesburgJohannesburg
Department of Science and TechnologyDepartment of Science and Technology
Cape TownCape Town
eThekwinieThekwini
Republic of South Africa which accounts for about 30% of the total GDP
in the continent of Africa plays a leading role in the African economy.
Domestically, however, South Africa is faced with a variety of urban
issues such as insubstantial infrastructure due to the rapid increase in
population, urban expansion and motorization since the end of apartheid
in 1994.
The three metropolitan areas to be covered by this study, i.e., Johannes-
burg, Cape Town and eThekwini (Durban), have seen rapid increase in
population and growth in urban areas. This results in confronting crucial
issues of urban functions, such as public transport, power and other
energy, ICT, waterworks, sewerage, waste disposal, security, or disas-
ter prevention. In particular, essential infrastructure such as power and
water are deficient in supply to the increasing demand. To address
these urban issues, the three metropolitan areas are undertaking proj-
ects on smart city, transit oriented development (TOD), etc. under the
Integrated Development Planning (IDP) formulated for the whole coun-
try in 2000.
To ensure the success of these projects, it is necessary to assess the
adaptability of various low-carbon or environmentally-friendly technolo-
gies in the projects. This study has undertaken this purpose by evaluat-
ing the adaptability of existing low-carbon and environmentally-friendly
technologies that have been developed jointly by Japanese government
and companies for sustainable urban development. Furthermore, we
hope successful experiences resulting from this study for South Africa
as an African leader may influence other African countries with regard to
environmentally-friendly urban development in the future.
JohannesburgArea: 1,645 km2Pop.: 4.44 million (2011)GDP per Capita: 17,418 USD (2012)
Cape TownArea: 2,440 km2Pop.: 3.74 million (2011)GDP per Capita: 15,721 USD (2012)
eThekwiniArea: 2,291 km2Pop.: 3.44 million (2011)GDP per Capita: 12,564 USD (2012)
Recognized through pre-survey and 2 field survey.
Directions and MeasuresProposed to solve the current issues
by 4 big categories and 37 measures.
ImplementationProposed to implement projects
by utilizing technoligies and supported
by Japanese government and enterprises.
Traffic Congestion Revitalisation of Community Safety Improvement Lack of Energy and Water
Livable &SustainableCommunity
Urban & Transportation
Water & Waste
Energy & Environment
ICT
Supportive Measures Aiming to Realize
Environmentally-Friendly Urban Development
in South Africa
Water and waste
Environment and energy
ICT
Urban transportation
Retail(on the station)
Retail(in the station)
Station
Retail Retail
Retail Retail
Retail
Office
Selection and Processing
Waste
Food Waste
Biofuel
Reuse
Recycle
Person being search for - key image
1) Featureextraction
2) Search within the cluster with a valuerepresentative of desired facial feature
3) Narrow the search from the cluster
Typical cluster (face) feature value group
Cluster (the value is close to (face) feature value group)
Search result
ICT02: Security camera
GAP Cable
Normal Cable
Safety Clearance
Directions and Measures
SOLUTIONDIRECTION
UT01:
UT02:
UT03:
UT04:
UT05:
UT06:
UT07:
Joint development with station facilities
Creating a shopping mall at Ekinaka (in-station) and
Ekiue (above-station)
Comprehensive IC card system
Smart nagivator system
Middle densification of social / affordable housing
Land readjustment project
Incentive policy for pricate development
ICT01:
ICT02:
ICT03:
ICT04:
ICT05:
Wireless broadband (replacement for light fiber)
Security camera (with face recognition function)
Remote education (electronic blackboard: starboard)Smart City infrastructure
(cross-departmental urban control system)
Data backup system in an emergency
IP01:
IP02:
IP03:
Financial support by governmental fund
(JICA, JBIC, DBSA etc.)
Establishment of institutional frameworks
Capacity building of public, private sectors
EE01:
EE02:
EE03:
EE04:
EE05:
EE06:
EE07:
EE08:
EE09:
EE10:
EE11:
Highly-efficient inverter system (energy conservation in mines)GAP cable (enhancement of transmission capacity)Underground substation equipment
(countermeasure against ash fall from wildfire)Rechargeable battery system (portable)Local grid which combines solar and wind power generation
Energy and environmental data utilization for policy and
development planning
Hybrid Design (combination of passive and active system)
Using sugar cane as biomass
Utilization of water resources
Utilizing solar energy
Guidelines for energy saving in community
WW01:
WW02:
WW03:
WW04:
WW05:
WW06:
WW07:
WW08:
WW09:
WW10:
Purification of mine wastewater by membrane treatment,
and desalination treatment of seawater
Water management system which utilizes smart meter
Pipeline investigation and correction system
Prevalence of sanitary treatment
Greywater system which utilizes rainwater (mini-reservoir)Waste separation system by separation machine
Mature compost production facilities
Waste energy recovery facilities
Highly-efficient incinerator
Waste separation and reuse system in community
ICT Planning
Energy & Environment
Electric PowerPlanning
Urban Transportation Planning
Water & Waste
Water Planning
Waste Planning
Integrated Traffic HubCreate an integrated traffic hub where users can easily transfer between railway, BRT
and other public transportation, including bus and taxi.
Compact & Mixed Use DevelopmentImprove convenience for the public transportation users and contribute to create
an energy-saving and low-carbon city by having down-sized and composite city function
centralized around the integrated traffic hub.
Safe & Livable CommunityCreate a community in peripheral area of the traffic hub where various people can live
in a safe and comfortable manner.
Traffic ManagementImplement an effective traffic management for traffic jam reduction at the hub where
various transportation modes concentrate.
PPP implementationAppropriately cooperate with private entities and implement planned guidance policies
to realize the above direction.
Water recycleIntroduce a water recycle system on a district level and a community level
to secure water source.
Water managementImplement water management for leakage rate improvement and reduction
of maintenance cost.
Distributed sewage treatmentIntroduce an independent processing system to spread sewage disposal.
3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) implementationIntroduce various techniques and technologies on a city level and a community level
for waste reduction.
Waste to EnergyPower generation by utilizing waste, etc.
Energy efficiencyIntroduce adequate technologies depending on the characteristics of each facility.
Local energy generationGenerate power by utilizing unharnessed and renewable energies, etc. depending
on the local characteristics.
ResilienceEstablish an energy system which can cope with a disaster.
Comprehensive policy planningComprehensive and practical environmental policy making based on analysis of big data.
Natural energy utilizationIntrodution of passive technologies such as utilization of natural light, wind, etc.
Local resources utilizationUtilization of natural resources as energy power.
Energy and environmental managementEncourage individual activities that lead to energy conservation such as provision of
energy-saving guidelines.
AccessibilityAchieve an easy-to-access environment for everyone by efficient and economical
infrastructure development.
Security & SafetyImprove safety and productivity in urban areas, etc. by introducing an effective and
advanced monitoring system.
Education & Skill DevelopmentImplement education and training for low-income earners, etc. in an effective manner.
Comprehensive ManagementImprove efficiency for the government by monitoring city planning and
infrastructure project in an integrated manner.
Financial supportSupport for institutional frameworksCapacity building
Energy andEnviron-mentalPlanning
Implementation Program
Proposal of Institution, Planning and Technologies
Micro Power Grid
PV panels in open space to generate power
Storagebattery
Solar water heater to supplyheat to individual houses
EE05: Local grid which combines solar and wind power generation
EE02: GAP cable
WW10: Waste separation and reuse system in community
UT02: Creating a shopping mall at Ekinaka and Ekiue
City area
CBD
Suburb
CBD typedevelopment
Suburban typedevelopment
500-600m(walkable)
BRT station
Railway station
Pow
er
Electric Power
IC Card
Railway
Railway Bus
Bus
Navigation
Suburban area
Urban area
Security
Wifi
Walkable Area
Walkable area is defined as an area within walkable distance (500-600m)
from public transportation station. Following technologies and system can
provide safe & livable environments for visitors and residents.
Wide area model (Mine and New Town)
Gold Mine
New Town
EE01: Introduction of High Efficiency inverter system
EE11: Energy efficiency guideling and area energy management
Before After
EE09: Water resources utilization
UT05: Middle densification ofsocial/affordable housing
EE02: Introduction of GAP cables
Recyled water
City
Community model
UT03: ComprehensiveIC card system
ICT01: Wireless broadband network
Station Core Area
High EfficiencyAgriculture Farm
Open Space,Community Park
Energy Infrastructure
Community pond
Community of Medium-density Housing
-Large open space, community park
-High effcientcy agriculture farm
-Efficient use of energy and water
-Low infrastructure cost
Community of Detached Houses
-Small open space
-Inefficient use of energy
-High infrastructure cost
UT04:Smart navigator system
UT06:Land readjustment project
ICT02: Security Camera(with face recognition)
EE05: Micro grid network
Affordable housing
EE10: Utilization of renewable energy
EE07: Hybrid design in each building
UT01: Joint development with station facilitiesUniversal design forstation and development
Pedestrian Deck
BRT Station
Solar Panel
Railway Station
Infrastructure
UT07: Incentive for public development (open space, pedestrian network,affordable housing, etc.)
WW05: Utilization of rainwater and greywater
Compact and Self-sustaining communityCreation of a compact and self-sustaining community
in large-scale housing development
Safe & Livable TODCreation of a safe and comfortable urban environment
centering on the railway station and BRT station
Comprehensive Solutions