Environmental sustainability of waste water ozonation · Environmental sustainability of waste water ozonationy f Henrik Fred Larsen and Peter Augusto Hansen DTUHenrik Fred Larsen

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Environmental sustainability of waste water ozonation

Larsen, Henrik Fred; Hansen, Peter Augusto

Publication date:2010

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Citation (APA):Larsen, H. F., & Hansen, P. A. (2010). Environmental sustainability of waste water ozonation. Poster sessionpresented at 20th SETAC Europe Annual Meeting, Sevilla, Spain.

fEnvironmental sustainability of waste water ozonationEnvironmental sustainability of waste water ozonationyHenrik Fred Larsen and Peter Augusto Hansen DTUHenrik Fred Larsen and Peter Augusto Hansen, DTU

(corresponding author: hfl@man dtu dk)(corresponding author: [email protected])

IntroductionIntroductionThe EU FP6 project NEPTUNE has been going on for about 3,5 year and is now at the finalising stage. The project is related to the EU Water Framework Directive and the main goal has been toThe EU FP6 project NEPTUNE has been going on for about 3,5 year and is now at the finalising stage. The project is related to the EU Water Framework Directive and the main goal has been to develop new and optimize existing waste water treatment technologies (WWTT) and sludge handling methods for municipal waste water Besides nutrients a special focus area has beendevelop new and optimize existing waste water treatment technologies (WWTT) and sludge handling methods for municipal waste water. Besides nutrients, a special focus area has been micropollutants (e g pharmaceuticals heavy metals) As part of the project a holistic based prioritisation among technologies and optimisations has been done and is based on life cycle assessmentmicropollutants (e.g. pharmaceuticals, heavy metals). As part of the project a holistic based prioritisation among technologies and optimisations has been done and is based on life cycle assessment (LCA) Th LCA’ f d ti LCA’ d th t f i d d i t d t id d i t i i t d d i th lif l i t t (LCIA) t I t t l(LCA). The LCA’s are performed as comparative LCA’s and the concept of induced impacts as compared to avoided impacts is introduced in the life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) part. In total more that 20 different waste water and sludge treatment technologies have been assessed. This poster presents the LCA results from running the induced versus avoided impact approach on g g p p g p ppozonation, and the impact of combining ozonation with sand filtration. The effect of including ecotoxicity effect end-points, for which the population survival relevance is debatable, on the estimationozonation, and the impact of combining ozonation with sand filtration. The effect of including ecotoxicity effect end points, for which the population survival relevance is debatable, on the estimation of ecotoxicity characterisation factors (CFs) is also shown Furthermore the effect on the “ozonation+sand filtration” LCA impact profile of including more micropollutants (9 metals) and phosphorusof ecotoxicity characterisation factors (CFs) is also shown. Furthermore, the effect on the ozonation+sand filtration LCA impact profile of including more micropollutants (9 metals) and phosphorus is illustratedis illustrated.

M th d lMethodologygyOzonation is a post treatment technology and the waste water treated is therefore the effluent from a municipal wastewater treatment plant with conventional treatment of today but without any post-Ozonation is a post treatment technology and the waste water treated is therefore the effluent from a municipal wastewater treatment plant with conventional treatment of today but without any posttreatment i e primary and secondary treatment only Foreground data i e the characteristics of this effluent (micropollutants content) is based on within NEPTUNE generated data and literaturetreatment, i.e. primary and secondary treatment only. Foreground data, i.e. the characteristics of this effluent (micropollutants content), is based on within NEPTUNE generated data and literature d t hi h i l th f th i t d t th ti l t ( ti t ti t ) R l t b d NEPTUNE d t B k d d tdata which is also the case for the inventory data on the ozonation plant (energy consumption, concrete consumption etc.). Removal rates are based on NEPTUNE data. Background data, e.g.

f f C C femissions from electricity production, is mainly from the EcoInvent 2.0 database. Consequential LCA is used, e.g. marginal for electricity production is assumed to be natural gas. Adapted EDIP97 LCA methodology is applied. gy pp

Sub-optimization?Sub optimization?

ResultsResults (weighting factor = 1 for all impact categories) 80NDMA

80NDMAClofibric acid

NDMAClofibric acid70 Clofibric acid

Propanolol22 micropollutants70 Clofibric acid

Propanolol22 micropollutantsSecondary effluent - directly emitted (22 micropollutants)

60

PropanololMetoprolol

p

60PropanololMetoprolol

p

60 e op o oAtenolol

50

pAtenololC b iGlobal warming 50

m3

CarbamazepinCli d i

50

m3 Carbamazepin

IbuprofenAcidification 40T

/m ClindamycinDiclofenac 40E

T/m Ibuprofen

Diclofenac

Nutrient enrichment

40

µP

E DiclofenacBezafibrate 30

µP

E

BezafibrateS lf th l

Photochemical oxidation

Nutrient enrichment30

µ BezafibrateSulfamethoxazole

30 SulfamethoxazoleRoxithromycinPhotochemical oxidation

20RoxithromycinE th i

20RoxithromycinErythromycin

Human toxicity soil20 Erythromycin

Clarithromycin 10

ErythromycinClindamycinCl i h iHuman toxicity water 10 Clarithromycin

Energy10 Clarithromycin

EnergyEcotoxicity soil 0

EnergyAncilliary 0

EnergyAncilliary

Ecotoxicity water

coto c ty so 0

Induced Avoided Avoided

yInfrastructure Induced Avoided Avoided

AncilliaryInfrastructure

T t l

Ecotoxicity water Induced Avoided Avoided

(precaut CFs)(precaut.CFs)

Total (precaut.CFs)

3 2g O30 2 4 6 8 10 12 3.2g O3

3.2g O30 6 8 0

µPET/m3 Ozonation (with or without precautionary CFs)Ozonation+sand filtration (with or without precautionary CFs)

µPET/m Ozonation (with or without precautionary CFs)

Avoided: 12 – 1 = 11 µPET/m3Avoided: 12 1 11 µPET/m3

Induced: 10 µPET/m3R l t P ti d i t

Induced: 10 µPET/m3Removal rate

Inlet conc (ng/L) (3 2 g O /m3)* PNEC (µg/L) CF (m3/kg) PNEC (µg/L) CF (m3/kg)Precuationary end-point

Tot-P

After ozonation; 3 2g ozon/m3 (22 micropollutants)Inlet conc. (ng/L) (3,2 g O3/m )* PNEC (µg/L) CF (m /kg) PNEC (µg/L) CF (m /kg)

Atenolol 1600 0 80 330 2 99E+03Heavy metalsNDMAAfter ozonation; 3,2g ozon/m3 (22 micropollutants) Atenolol 1600 0,80 330 2,99E+03

Bezafibrat 82 0,62 2,3 4,35E+052

300 NDMAClofibric acid31 micropollutants + P

Gl b l i

Bezafibrat 82 0,62 2,3 4,35E 05Carbamazepin 710 1,00 2,5 4,00E+05 0,5 2,00E+06

250275

Clofibric acidPropanololM t l lGlobal warming Clarithromycin 170 0,96 0,31 3,23E+06

225

250 MetoprololAtenolol

Acidification Clindamycin 34 0,95 8,5 1,17E+05Cl fib i ä 72 0 66 25 4 07E 04 5 2 00E 05

200

225 AtenololCarbamazepin

Nutrient enrichmentClofibrinsäure 72 0,66 25 4,07E+04 5 2,00E+05Diatrizoate 1800 0 00 11000 9 09E+01

175

/m3

pIbuprofenDiclofenac

Photochemical oxidationDiatrizoate 1800 0,00 11000 9,09E+01Diclofenac 1500 1,00 100 1,00E+04 0,1 1,00E+07 125

150

PE

T/ Diclofenac

Bezafibrate

Human toxicity soil

Photochemical oxidation Diclofenac 1500 1,00 100 1,00E 04 0,1 1,00E 07Erythromycin 99 0,80 0,20 5,00E+06 0,02 5,00E+07 100

125µP Bezafibrate

SulfamethoxazoleR ith i

H t i it t

Human toxicity soil y yIbuprofen 91 0,00 96 5,21E+03 3 1,67E+05 75

100 RoxithromycinErythromycinHuman toxicity water Iohexol 190 0,00 7400000 1,36E-01

I id l 1100 0 24 380000 2 65E 0050

ErythromycinClindamycin

Ecotoxicity soil Iopamidol 1100 0,24 380000 2,65E+00Iopromid 1800 0 26 100000 1 00E+01

25y

ClarithromycinEnergy

Ecotoxicity waterIopromid 1800 0,26 100000 1,00E+01Metoprolol 410 0 88 76 1 32E+04 7 3 1 37E+05

0 EnergyAncilliary

Total

y Metoprolol 410 0,88 76 1,32E 04 7,3 1,37E 05Naproxen 230 0,99 190 5,18E+03

Induced Avoided Avoided(precaut CFs)

AncilliaryInfrastructureTotal p

NDMA (N-nitrosodimethylamin) 57 -1,71 40 2,50E+04(precaut.CFs)

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Primidon 170 0,62 1400 6,94E+02P l l 95 0 90 0 050 2 00E 07

3.2g O3

µPET/m3 Propanolol 95 0,90 0,050 2,00E+07Roxithromycin 50 0 82 2 8 3 56E+05

Ozonation+sand filtration (with or without precautionaryµ Roxithromycin 50 0,82 2,8 3,56E+05Sotalol 430 0 98 300 3 33E+03

CFs)Sotalol 430 0,98 300 3,33E+03Sulfamethoxazol 500 0,95 0,59 1,69E+06 0,15 6,67E+06, , , , ,Trimethoprim 130 0,98 800 1,25E+03

ConclusionsConclusionsB d th i ti ( d th t d ff t f i l di i ll t t ) lt i di t th t ti d f l f i i ll t t t b bl iBased on the given assumptions (and the expected effect of including more micropollutants) results indicate that ozonation used for removal of organic micropollutants most probably is environmentally sustainable, i.e. avoided potential impacts are higher than induced potential impactsy p p g p pHowever, problems with whole effluent toxicity (WET) from a risk assessment perspective (not shown)However, problems with whole effluent toxicity (WET) from a risk assessment perspective (not shown)Addressing the WET problem by including sand filtration significantly improves the sustainability profile (mainly due to added removal of heavy metals and tot-P)Addressing the WET problem by including sand filtration significantly improves the sustainability profile (mainly due to added removal of heavy metals and tot P)Including ecotoxicity effect end points with debatable populations survival relevance in the CFs (especially for diclofenac) have a significant impact on the impact profile for ozonationIncluding ecotoxicity effect end-points with debatable populations survival relevance in the CFs (especially for diclofenac) have a significant impact on the impact profile for ozonationF i l b l i i hti f t f t l t 30 45 i d d i d t h b k b t i d d d id d i t f ti bi d ith d filt tiFocusing on global warming a weighting factor of at least 30 – 45 is needed in order to reach a break-even between induced and avoided impacts for ozonation combined with sand filtration

AcknowledgmentThis study was part of the EU Neptune project (Contract No 036845, SUSTDEV-2005-3.II.3.2), which was financially supported by grants obtained from the EU Commission within the Energy, Global Change and Ecosystems Program of the Sixth Framework (FP6-2005 Gl b l 4) Th k t J li H ll d E f l i l t h ti l2005-Global-4). Thanks to Juliane Hollender, Eawag for supplying removal rates on pharmaceuticals