Environmental policies and eco-innovation of service · PDF fileBenoît Desmarchelier, Faridah Djellal, Faïz Gallouj Lille 1 University ... Faïz Gallouj Environmental policies and

IntroductionThe model

Preliminary resultsEnvironmental policies

Main results

Environmental policies and eco-innovation ofservice �rms: an agent-based adaptation model

Benoît Desmarchelier, Faridah Djellal, Faïz Gallouj

Lille 1 UniversityFrance

Benoît Desmarchelier, Faridah Djellal, Faïz Gallouj Environmental policies and eco-innovation of service �rms: an agent-based adaptation model



Main results

Pollution in services : multiple sources and a seriousproblem

From Gadrey, 1996Benoît Desmarchelier, Faridah Djellal, Faïz Gallouj Environmental policies and eco-innovation of service �rms: an agent-based adaptation model



Main results

Aims

Are service �rms sensible to environmental policies?

What is the best: ecotax or consumer information?




Main results

Sources of pollutionConsumersLinking with the search spaceFirms behavioral rules

A return on the sources of pollution in service activities




Main results


De�nition of the relevant vector of caracteristics of theproduct and of the search space

0@ xktykt = f (mkt ) + vkt

zkt

1AWith :

xkt 2 [1; 10], the price;mkt 2 [1; 10], the total mobility as mkt � zkt andf (mkt ) = 10� (mkt�mmin)

(mmax�mmin)zkt 2 [1; 10], the client�s mobility

these threee dimensions form the search space for �rms.




Main results


Initial preferences

xi0 = RND(1; 10)

xi0 > 5 )�yi0zi0

�=

�RND(1; 5)RND(1; 5)

�

xi0 � 5 )�yi0zi0

�=

�RND(6; 10)RND(6; 10)

�




Main results


Preference dynamics

0@ xityitzit

1A =

0@ βixit�1 + (1� βi ).(1/n)∑j xjt�1βiyit�1 + (1� βi ).(1/n)∑j yjt�1βizit�1 + (1� βi ).(1/n)∑j zjt�1

1A




Main results


Linking with the search space

Ult = (1/N).∑Ni=1[10� (1/3) (jxit�1 � xl j+ jyit�1 � yl j+ jzit�1 � zl j)]




Main results


Firms behavioral rules

10 �rms

Random initial position in the search space

If a �rm has a market share less than the average (10%), thenit tries to move on the hypersurface of performance(=innovation)

In this later case: observe the immediate neighbourhood(incremental innovation) and try one far away location (longjump or radical innovation)

a �rm is removed from the market if it has a nul market share

Replacement by a totally new �rm (role of the HHI).




Main results

Schumpeterian competition

0 25 50 75 100

4. 5

5. 79224

7. 08448

8. 37671

9. 66895

Curr ent Fi t ness_1_1_1 Curr ent Fi t ness_1_1_2 Curr ent Fi t ness_1_1_3 Curr ent Fi t ness_1_1_4Curr ent Fi t ness_1_1_5 Curr ent Fi t ness_1_1_6 Curr ent Fi t ness_1_1_7 Curr ent Fi t ness_1_1_8Curr ent Fi t ness_1_1_9 Curr ent Fi t ness_1_1_10

0 50 100 150 200

0

0. 1125

0. 225

0. 3375

0. 45

Mar ket Shar e_1_1_1 Mar ket Shar e_1_1_2 Mar ket Shar e_1_1_3 Mar ket Shar e_1_1_4 Mar ket Shar e_1_1_5Mar ket Shar e_1_1_6 Mar ket Shar e_1_1_7 Mar ket Shar e_1_1_8 Mar ket Shar e_1_1_9 Mar ket Shar e_1_1_10Mar ket Shar e_1_1_6 Mar ket Shar e_1_1_8

0 50 100 150 200

0

2. 5

5

7. 5

10

Pr oduct Mobi l i t y_1_1_1 Pr oduct Mobi l i t y_1_1_2 Pr oduct Mobi l i t y_1_1_3 Pr oduct Mobi l i t y_1_1_4Pr oduct Mobi l i t y_1_1_5 Pr oduct Mobi l i t y_1_1_6 Pr oduct Mobi l i t y_1_1_7 Pr oduct Mobi l i t y_1_1_8Pr oduct Mobi l i t y_1_1_9 Pr oduct Mobi l i t y_1_1_10 Pr oduct Mobi l i t y_1_1_6 Pr oduct Mobi l i t y_1_1_8

0 50 100 150 200

0

2. 5

5

7. 5

10

Pr oduct Pr i ce_1_1_1 Pr oduct Pr i ce_1_1_2 Pr oduct Pr i ce_1_1_3 Pr oduct Pr i ce_1_1_4 Pr oduct Pr i ce_1_1_5Pr oduct Pr i ce_1_1_6 Pr oduct Pr i ce_1_1_7 Pr oduct Pr i ce_1_1_8 Pr oduct Pr i ce_1_1_9 Pr oduct Pr i ce_1_1_10Pr oduct Pr i ce_1_1_6 Pr oduct Pr i ce_1_1_8




Main results

EcotaxConsumer informationSimulated scenarios

Ecotax (T)

3 possibilities :

T = vkt (materiality) ) xkt 2 [2; 20]T = f (mkt ) (mobility) ) xkt 2 [2; 20]T = f (mkt ) + vkt (total externalities) ) xkt 2 [3; 30]The initial environmental preferences are modi�ed accordingto the considered scenario




Main results


It can be on vkt , f (mkt ) or zkt .

Immediate e¤ect (E ) : If yit � E , the the individual i willtake account of his tolerance to externalities in his purchasingdecision. Moreover, his preferences yit become to be dynamic.

Mediate e¤ect (K ) : percolation. If the number ofecological neighbors of a non-ecological consumer i is at leastequal to a parameter K , then i becomes a ecologically friendlyconsumer too




Main results


The 123 scenarios

For each simulation, an average pollution index is calculated:

yAvt =10

∑k=1

Mskt .ykt




Main results

1 2 5 0 5 0 0 7 5 0 1 0 0 0

9 . 9

1 0 . 8 3 2 1

1 1 . 7 6 4 3

1 2 . 6 9 6 4

1 3 . 6 2 8 5

K0 E1 0 F_ 1 _ 1 K0 E7 F_ 2 _ 1 K0 E5 F_ 3 _ 1 K0 E2 F_ 4 _ 1 K0 E1 F_ 5 _ 1 K1 E1 0 F_ 6 _ 1 K1 E7 F_ 7 _ 1 K1 E5 F_ 8 _ 1 K1 E2 F_ 9 _ 1K1 E1 F_ 1 0 _ 1 K2 E1 0 F_ 1 1 _ 1 K2 E7 F_ 1 2 _ 1 K2 E5 F_ 1 3 _ 1 K2 E2 F_ 1 4 _ 1 K2 E1 F_ 1 5 _ 1 K3 E1 0 F_ 1 6 _ 1 K3 E7 F_ 1 7 _ 1K3 E5 F_ 1 8 _ 1 K3 E2 F_ 1 9 _ 1 K3 E1 F_ 2 0 _ 1

Mobility ST

1 2 5 0 5 0 0 7 5 0 1 0 0 0

1 0 . 7

1 1 . 5 4 0 1

1 2 . 3 8 0 3

1 3 . 2 2 0 4

1 4 . 0 6 0 5


Materiality ST

1 2 5 0 5 0 0 7 5 0 1 0 0 0

9 . 5

1 0 . 5 5 2 4

1 1 . 6 0 4 7

1 2 . 6 5 7 1

1 3 . 7 0 9 5

K3 E2 0 F_ 1 _ 1 K3 E1 5 F_ 2 _ 1 K3 E1 0 F_ 3 _ 1 K3 E5 F_ 4 _ 1 K3 E2 F_ 5 _ 1 K2 E2 0 F_ 6 _ 1 K2 E1 5 F_ 7 _ 1 K2 E1 0 F_ 8 _ 1K2 E5 F_ 9 _ 1 K2 E2 F_ 1 0 _ 1 K1 E2 0 F_ 1 1 _ 1 K1 E1 5 F_ 1 2 _ 1 K1 E1 0 F_ 1 3 _ 1 K1 E5 F_ 1 4 _ 1 K1 E2 F_ 1 5 _ 1 K0 E2 0 F_ 1 6 _ 1K0 E1 5 F_ 1 7 _ 1 K0 E1 0 F_ 1 8 _ 1 K0 E5 F_ 1 9 _ 1 K0 E2 F_ 2 0 _ 1

TotalExtern ST

1 2 5 0 5 0 0 7 5 0 1 0 0 0

1 0 . 1

1 0 . 9 6 6 6

1 1 . 8 3 3 1

1 2 . 6 9 9 7

1 3 . 5 6 6 3


Mobility T

1 2 5 0 5 0 0 7 5 0 1 0 0 0

9 . 2

1 0 . 3 1 8 7

1 1 . 4 3 7 4

1 2 . 5 5 6 1

1 3 . 6 7 4 8


Materiality T

1 2 5 0 5 0 0 7 5 0 1 0 0 0

9

1 0 . 1 5 7 1

1 1 . 3 1 4 3

1 2 . 4 7 1 4

1 3 . 6 2 8 5

K3 E2 0 F_ 1 _ 1 K3 E1 5 F_ 2 _ 1 K3 E1 0 F_ 3 _ 1 K3 E5 F_ 4 _ 1 K3 E2 F_ 5 _ 1 K2 E2 0 F_ 6 _ 1 K2 E1 5 F_ 7 _ 1 K2 E1 0 F_ 8 _ 1K2 E5 F_ 9 _ 1 K2 E2 F_ 1 0 _ 1 K1 E2 0 F_ 1 1 _ 1 K1 E1 5 F_ 1 2 _ 1 K1 E1 0 F_ 1 3 _ 1 K1 E5 F_ 1 4 _ 1 K1 E2 F_ 1 5 _ 1 K0 E2 0 F_ 1 6 _ 1K0 E1 5 F_ 1 7 _ 1 K0 E1 0 F_ 1 8 _ 1 K0 E5 F_ 1 9 _ 1 K0 E2 F_ 2 0 _ 1

Total Extern T




Main results

1 250 500 750 1000

8

9. 48315

10. 9663

12. 4495

13. 9326

Tot al Ext er n_TaxOnl yF_1_1 TaxMobi l i t yF_2_1 TaxExt ernF_3_1

Ecotax only




Main results

Thank you;

Questions ?


Environmental policies and eco-innovation of service · PDF fileBenoît Desmarchelier, Faridah Djellal, Faïz Gallouj Lille 1 University ... Faïz Gallouj Environmental policies and

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