Environmental performance
of waste oil managementViktoriia Kapustina, Mika Horttanainen
School of Energy Systems, Sustainability Science,
Lappeenranta University of Technology, LPR 53851, Finland
02.03.2016 2
- To explore the state of waste oil management systems on the
territory of Finland, Leningrad region and Saint-Petersburg,
Russia;
- To propose a few scenarios to be analyzed based on the
common practices in the world;
- To analyze and compare the environmental performance of the
proposed scenarios.
Objectives of the study
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Waste oil
- is a mineral or synthetic lubricant oil that becomes waste after losing
its properties and getting contaminated;
- is classified as a hazardous waste.
Waste oil management system
- includes processes such as generation, collection, recycling, and
disposal, reporting, monitoring and etc.
- and results in various environmental, economic and social impacts.
Improper waste oil handling leads to aquatic life damage and
contamination of the soil.
Research problem
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Waste oil management system in Finland
5
- Regulation on waste oils:
- Finland Waste Act (646/2011);
- Government Decree on waste (179/2012);
- Government Decree (151/2013)
- Waste Oil Charge Act 894/1986;
- Waste oil management practice:
- A long-duration (5 years) agreement with a waste collection company;
- The collection company is chosen by a bidding competition;
- The company has a nationwide responsibility to supervise the collection and handling of waste
oil and to deliver it to appropriate processors;
- Waste oils charges on the new lubricant oil sold (57.5 euro/t);
- Subsidy to collection and transportation operations based on its profitability (the yearly cost of
oil collection);
- Pay a disposal fee if the waste oil is of low quality (contaminated with 10% of water and other
foreign particles);
- Free of charge if the waste oil is good quality and amount is > 200 l;
- Municipal collection points for inhabitants.
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Regulation on waste oils:
− Federal Law No. 89-FZ on industrial and consumer waste
− GOST 21046-86 on waste oil products
− March 2014 – a new legislation on waste oil management has been introduced ТР ТС
030/2012.
• Importing companies and manufacturers of lubricant oil should organize a system
for waste oil collecting and introduce new plants for waste oil utilization.
Waste oil management
− If the waste oil is of good quality, it will be collected and producer will be paid;
− If the waste oil is of poor quality, producer has to pay disposal fee.
− Mainly incineration of waste oil.
Waste oil management system in Leningrad
region and Saint-Petersburg
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Waste oil management in Finland, ≈ 30 kt/a
Waste oil management in Leningrad Region
and Saint-Petersburg, Russia ≈ 15 kt/a
Waste oil generation in Finland Waste oil generation in Lenigrad Region and
Saint-Petersburg, Russia
Waste oil collection and transportation
Small boilers
Incineration in industrial installations
Reclamation plant
WtE plant
Re-refining plant
Cement plant
Waste oil collection and transportation
50%30%
20%Incinerated
On-site waste oil combution
NA35%
65%
< 1%
Incinerated
Regenerated
NA
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Reclamation – recycling of segregated used industrial oils, especially hydraulic oils. These oils are simply centrifuged and/or filtered. Low quality lubricants oil can be applied (chain saw oil).
Re-refinery – process involves different technologies in order to turn waste oil back into a virgin base oil substitute (base oil N150 API Group II + by products)
Incineration - waste oil combustion with electricity and/ or just heat production.
Small boilers – incineration of waste oil with heat production.
Cement plant – waste oil used as a fuel.
Treatment processes
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Waste oil management practices in other
countries
9
Belgium
Canada (Alberta)
Finland
GermanyItaly
Portugal
Spain
USA (California)
TaiwanTurkey
Russia
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Co
llect
ion
rat
e, [
%]
Regeneration rate based on quantities collected , [%]
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1st scenario (present state)
Waste oil generation in
Finland
Waste oil generation in Lenigrad Region
and Saint-Petersburg, Russia
Waste oil collection and transportation
Small boilerSmall boiler
Small boiler
Incineration in industrial installations
Reclamation plant
WtE plant
Re-refining plant
Cement plant
Waste oil collection and transportation
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11
2nd scenario (part of waste oil from goes to regeneration in Finland)
Waste oil generation in
Finland
Waste oil generation in Lenigrad Region
and Saint-Petersburg, Russia
Waste oil collection and transportation
Small boilerSmall boiler
Small boiler
Reclamation plant
WtE plant
Re-refining plant
Cement plant
Waste oil collection and transportation
Transboundary movement
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3rd scenario (100 % collection rate)
Waste oil generation in Finland Waste oil generation in Lenigrad Region and
Saint-Petersburg, Russia
Waste oil collection and transportation
Incineration in industrial installations
Reclamation plant
WtE plant
Re-refining plant
Cement plant
Waste oil collection and transportation
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4th scenario (100% collection rate + regeneration in Finland )
13
Waste oil generation in
Finland
Waste oil generation in Lenigrad Region
and Saint-Petersburg, Russia
Waste oil collection and transportation
Reclamation plant
WtE plant
Re-refining plant
Cement plant
Waste oil collection and transportation
Transboundary movement
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Environmental impacts of studied systems
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5.35E+06 2.93E+06
-4.91E+05 -5.33E+06
-1.0E+08
-8.0E+07
-6.0E+07
-4.0E+07
-2.0E+07
0.0E+00
2.0E+07
4.0E+07
6.0E+07
8.0E+07
1.0E+08
Global Warming Potential (100 years) [kg CO2-Equiv.]
-2.88E+04 -4.36E+04
-9.32E+04-1.23E+05
-5.0E+05
-4.0E+05
-3.0E+05
-2.0E+05
-1.0E+05
0.0E+00
1.0E+05
2.0E+05
3.0E+05
4.0E+05
Acidification Potential [kg SO2-Equiv.]
Transportation
On-site combustion (RF)
WTE (FIN)
Incineration in cementproduction (FIN)
Incineration (RF)
Reclamation (FIN)
Re-refinery (FIN)
WO tipped (RF)
WO tipped (FIN)
Total
Environmental impacts of studied systems
15
2.55E+05
-5.95E+04
-1.83E+06
-2.46E+06
-4.0E+06
-3.0E+06
-2.0E+06
-1.0E+06
0.0E+00
1.0E+06
2.0E+06
3.0E+06
Human Toxicity Potential [kg DCB-Equiv.]Transportation
On-site combustion (RF)
WTE (FIN)
Incineration in cementproduction (FIN)
Incineration (RF)
Reclamation (FIN)
Re-refinery (FIN)
WO tipped (RF)
WO tipped (FIN)
Total
1.85E+03 1.25E+03 3.38E+02
-8.54E+02
-3.0E+04
-2.0E+04
-1.0E+04
0.0E+00
1.0E+04
2.0E+04
3.0E+04
Eutrophication Potential[kg Phosphate-Equiv.]
Significant reduction in all studied impact categories can be achieved by:
proper waste oil collection,
waste oil treatment in the official treatment plants.
Regional cooperation in waste oil management can improve the environmental performance of the studied systems.
By directing the waste oil incinerated in big industrial installations to existing re-refining plant it is possible to reduce:
GWP by 2420 t CO2/a,
AP by 15 t SO2/a,
EP by 0,6 t Phosphate/a,
HTP by 315 t DCB/a.
Regional cooperation is technically possible,
However,
it may include contradictory business interests
and it is complicated from the permission point of view.
There is need for political and economic initiatives to enable the sustainably effective use of the existing capacity for waste oil recovery.
Conclusions
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