Environmental Issues Update 1.Environmental Issues 1.Ship strikes on whales 2.Noise pollution 3.Biofouling 2.Environmental Regulations 1.Air emissions.

Environmental Issues Update

1. Environmental Issues1. Ship strikes on whales2. Noise pollution3. Biofouling

2. Environmental Regulations1. Air emissions – GHG TEEMP2. Ballast water3. China pollution laws

3. Some thoughts for the future

1. Environmental Issues

Today’s Environmental Agenda...• Anti-fouling systems • Ballast Water management • Biofouling• Ship Recycling• Port Reception Facilities (adequacy & affordability) • Waste management (onboard and ashore)• Stern tube lube oil releases• Polar shipping• Marine Noise pollution• Whale strikes • Spill Prevention and Response Planning• VOC emission reductions• Exhaust Gas emissions (Annex VI & its revisions) • Green House Gas emissions

1. Environmental issues

1. Environmental IssuesShip strikes on whales

International IssueIMO’s Guidance to States - routing measures and speed restrictions, but initiated/regulated through IMO

Regional LawsUSA – speed restrictions and speeding fines!

Sou

rce:

IF

AW

1. Environmental IssuesNoise pollution

Adverse anthropogenic marine/ocean noise impacts on cetaceans and other biota

or...

Noise pollution and its effect on marine mammals

IMO

Technical Guidelines for ship-quieting technologies plus potential navigational and operational practices

Shipping noise increasing by 3dB per decade

but first...Anti-fouling Systems– Entry into force of the AFS Convention– INTERTANKO Environmental Committee

• Move towards biocide-free systems

• Comparison of silicon systems

Antifouling Problem = Chemical

Biofouling Problem = Biological

1. Environmental IssuesBiofouling

Invasive species

a different route for organisms other than

ballast water

Biofouling as an issue for the IMO – invasive species

Organisms found in the sea chest – hydroids, bryozoans, mussels

1. Environmental IssuesBiofouling

Organisms found in the sea chest

Biofouling• Scale of issue defined and indication of severity in relation to

ballast water• 36% of species introduced into North America attributed to

biofouling

• 77% of species introduced into Port Phillip, Australia attributed to biofouling

• Hull resistance management - Micro versus Macro biofouling• Air emissions benefits

• Invasive species benefits

1. Environmental IssuesBiofouling

Biofouling – going forward

• IMO Guidelines• National hull management requirements – USA & Australia• Ban on hull management/cleaning !

1. Environmental IssuesBiofouling

2. Environmental Regulations

March 2010 IMO agreed on

1. Mandatory (MARPOL Annex VI) Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI)

for new ships

2. Guidelines for voluntary use of the ship Energy Efficiency Operations

Indicator (EEOI)

3. Guidelines for Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP) and

inclusion in MARPOL Annex VI

4. Expert Group to assess impacts on shipping and trade of Market Based

Instruments (MBIs)

– Proposals: Cap and Trade / Compensation scheme / Hybrid

– Note: Most propsals based on EEDI as benchmark

2. Environmental RegulationsAir emissions – Greenhouse Gases (GHG)

Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan

– Developed as a ship-specific plan by the ship owner

– Part 1 – What the Plan should look like in four parts

1. Planning: Package of measures identified & Goal setting

2. Implementation: Implementation system

3. Monitoring: Monitoring system (tools and record keeping)

4. Self-evaluation & Improvement: Voluntary reporting

– Part 2 – List of possible options for improving energy efficiency (use of INTERTANKO’s Guide)

2. Environmental RegulationsAir emissions – Greenhouse Gases (GHG)

INTERTANKO’s Guide for a Tanker Efficiency and Emission Management Plan

2. Environmental RegulationsAir emissions – Greenhouse Gases (GHG)

1. Introduction *

2. Establishing the Company and Ship Management Plans

3. Voyage Optimisation Programme

4. Propulsion Resistance Management Programme

5. Machinery Optimisation Programme

6. Cargo Handling Optimisation

7. Energy Conservation Awareness Plan

* Also introduces elements associated with the over-lap between SEEMP and OCIMF TMSA Fuel Management Appendix

Possible measures

Possible measures

Industry Study

Possible Abatement Measures

• Gas fuelled engines• Electronic engine control• Waste heat recovery• Air cavity lubrication• Contra-rotating propeller• Fuels cells as auxiliary

engines• Frequency converters• Exhaust gas boilers on

auxiliary engines• Energy efficient light

systems• Wing generator• Wind power – kite• Wind power – fixed sails

or wings• Solar panels

• Solar panels• Trim/draft optimising• Weather routing• Voyage execution• Steam plant operational

improvements• Speed reduction due to port

efficiency• Propeller condition• Speed reduction due to fleet

increase• Hull condition• Propulsion efficiency devices• Cold ironing• Engine monitoring• Reduced auxiliary power

usage

2. Ballast Water Management – Issue Development

2. Environmental RegulationsBallast Water Management

• IMO Ballast Water Convention– Entry into force dates

– Technology

– Guidelines

Entry into force - 1– The BWM Convention will enter into force 12 months after

ratification by 30 States, representing 35 per cent of world merchant shipping tonnage.

– As at 26 April 2010: 22 countries representing 22.65% of world merchant shipping tonnage

• Canada now makes 23 countries• Awaiting Brazil...

– Implementation dates still important...

2. Environmental RegulationsBallast Water Management

Entry into force - 2Summary of implementation dates:

Ship constructed before 2009

BW capacity 1500-5000m3 – have treatment system from first intermediate or renewal survey after anniversary date in 2014

BW capacity less than 1500m3 and greater than 5000m3 – have to have treatment system from first intermediate or renewal survey after anniversary date in 2016

Ship constructed in or after 2009

BW capacity less than 5000m3 shall have a treatment system installed at its second annual survey and no later than 31/12/2011

Ship constructed after 2009 but before 2012

and with a BW capacity greater than 5000m3 shall have a treatment system from first intermediate or renewal survey after anniversary date in 2016

Ship constructed in or after 2012

with a BW capacity of greater than 5000m3 shall be constructed with a BW treatment system

2. Environmental RegulationsBallast Water Management

• Treatment

• Generation of chemicals

• Approval

• Capital Cost ($USD)

• Power Consumption

• Other Costs: consumables, spares, maintenance

• Operating costs10-year

• Cost (Capex + Opex)

• Size (m3)

• Weight (kg)

• Pressure Drop

• # installations/contracts

• Largest installation

Concern expressed over treatment systems to meet 2012 deadline

INTERTANKO Environmental Committee – “need to find solutions to assist members and seek evidence that systems will work in practice” – what are the members experience and information

2. Environmental RegulationsBallast Water Management

IMO BWM Convention• States continue to implement IMO Convention, e.g. Norway

– Implementation issues arising: Ballast Water Record Book format

• Other States seek to go beyond IMO Convention, e.g. USA

• IMO list of Guidelines continues to be important but overlooked by operators:

Guidelines for Ballast Water Sampling

Guidelines for Ballast Water Management and Development of Ballast Water Management Plans

Guidelines for Ballast Water Exchange

Guidelines for Ballast Water Exchange Design and Construction Standards

Guidelines for Sediment Control on Ships

2. Environmental RegulationsBallast Water Management

China Oil Pollution Regulations

2. Environmental RegulationsChina Oil Pollution Regulations

Regulations on the Prevention and Control of Ship-Induced Pollution of the Marine Environment

• 1st March 2010• Any ship-induced pollution accident or any ship-related operation that causes or may

cause pollution damage to the internal waters, territorial seas, and the contiguous zones, exclusive economic zones and continental shelves of the PRC and all other sea areas under the jurisdiction of the PRC

• Need for ship emergency response plans• All ships, except those of less than 1,000gt and not carrying oil cargoes, must carry

insurance to cover claims for pollution• The limit of liability is that in the PRC Maritime Code (LLMC 76). • The insurance must be provided by an entity approved by the China MSA • The operators of any ships carrying bulk hazardous and pollutant liquid cargo shall

contract with an MSA approved local clean-up contractor• It would seem that there this no limit of liability PRC Maritime Code (LLMC 76) • Receivers of persistent oil cargoes are required to contribute to the PRC Fund, which

would compensate for ship-induced pollution claims that are in excess of CLC limits.• Provisions for discharge and receipt of waste (port reception facilities)

Regulations on the Prevention and Control of Ship-Induced Pollution of the Marine Environment

INTERTANKO Observations and Queries

1. Await an official english translation and further guidance

2. Not certain whether CLC 92 for persistent oil or Bunker Convention 2001 for ships over 1,000gt would suffice in terms of insurance

3. Entities approved by the China MSA to provide insurance cover – P&I?

4. Require a list of approved clean-up contractors asap – deadline was 1st March

5. Although China is not a party to the Fund, contributions to a PRC Fund would seem to be a local variation on the CLC Fund principle

6. Assumed that SOPEP and SMPEP would suffice as the ship emergency plans

7. Not clear whether standardised advance notification forms and waste delivery receipts for port waste reception facilities will be used

8. IG P&I clubs state delay for 3 months – no official proof/evidence received but no negative reports to date...

2. Environmental IssuesChina Oil Pollution Regulations

1. Environmental Issues1. Ship strikes on whales2. Noise pollution3. Biofouling

2. Environmental Regulations1. Air emissions – GHG TEEMP2. Ballast water3. China pollution laws

3. Some thoughts for the future

3. Some final thoughts

On rules and regulations...

1. Issues generate guidelines. If guidelines deemed not to be working, legislation is proposed, developed and adopted.

2. Regional legislation frequently leads to international legislation.

On the environment and environmental issues...

3. Environmental awareness and an environmental culture needs to be evident. Mandatory (STCW) amendments simply the baseline/minimum requirement.

4. An appreciation of the environment is not simply something for work but importantly, for life in general.

thank you

www.intertanko.com