Environmental Issues Iron & Steel Sector Ministry of Environment & Forests Govt. of India 7 February 2014 Committed for Clean Environment 1 Central Pollution.

Environmental Issues

Iron & Steel Sector

Ministry of Environment & ForestsGovt. of India

April 10, 2023 Committed for Clean Environment 1

Central Pollution Control BoardDelhi

Sector Scenario

April 10, 2023

• Steel sector development is currently going through an expansionary phase with domestic demand driven by high investment rate, accelerated growth in manufacturing industry and expansion in physical infrastructure creation

• Capacities created based on diversified technologies aso COREX (JSW Steel Ltd.), o Large-scale hybrid technologies - Electric Steel making with BF hot metal with

downstream rolling of flat products (Ispat Industries Ltd.) o Large-scale integrated ‘DRI-EAF-Flat products Rolling’ (Essar Steel Ltd.) etc.

• Improved capacity utilization by steel sector in India(from 82% in 2001-02 to 91% in 2005-06)

• Secondary sector has doubled its contribution to crude steel production from 23% to 48% and for finished steel from 45% to 64% respectively

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Sector Scenario

April 10, 2023

• BF-BOF based integrated steel plants with incorporations of latest technological innovations to continue to be main route of steel making

• State of the Art blast furnace iron making process depend on metallurgical coke for over 50% of its total fuel requirement

• India depend mostly on import of coking coal, and techno-economically viable alternative to blast furnace iron making has become imperative

• India has a reserve of iron ore and non-coking coal and its own improvised coal/gas based DRI technology. This has led to the significant growth rate in DRI route production

• Indian Sponge Iron industry - the largest producer of sponge iron in world had a total production of 12.6 Million Tonnes in 2005-06

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Sector Challenges

April 10, 2023

• Environment protection in Iron & Steel plants is essentially linked to

o Technology adopted for iron & steel making o Adoption of cleaner technologies, and effective operation of PCEso Efficient disposal/re-use of generated bye-products and waste

• Despite significant progress and intent by stake holders, environmental issues in Steel sector still continue to be the focus of policy debates, legislation and regulation

• Achieving zero waste and zero discharge concepts from this sector are very relevant, and will be obligatory very soon with stress on

• Integrated approach of production process and the surrounding environment of the industry

• Further reduction in pollutant discharges and generation of Solid / Hazardous wastes

• Develop/adopt designs and processes to avoid pollution rather than control and its treatment

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Sector Challenges

April 10, 2023

• Wastes, particularly solid wastes generated unavoidably, are to be treated as Resource for its use as value added by-products

• Steel sector has to firmly and purposefully adapt to the challenge of being a acceptable MATERIAL in the integrated concept of “sustainable development”.

• Technologies, not “environmentally sustainable”, will be unacceptable even for expansion of existing plants or creation of new capacities

• “Sustainable development” is to be practiced right from technology development, design to implementation and operational stages

• Towards meet these objectives, initiatives both at level of entrepreneurs and Government by way of suitable intervention are necessary and demand of the time

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Iron & Steel

April 10, 2023 6Committed for Clean Environment

Material Handling

April 10, 2023

Challenges to be addressed for Materials handling to minimise fugitive emissions includes:

•Use of indoor or covered stockpiles

•When open-air stockpiles are unavoidable, use of water spray system / Dust

•Suppression system

•Windbreaks and other stockpile management techniques like simple and linear layout for material handling operations to reduce the need for multiple transfer points and due consideration of Meteorological parameters at designing stage

•APCEs at loading and unloading points and railway sidings

•Enclose conveyer transfer points with dust-controls systems

•Provision for Clean return belts in the conveyor belt systems to remove loose dust

•Implement routine plant maintenance and good housekeeping to keep small leaks and spills to a minimum

•Implement correct loading and unloading practices.

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Coke Ovens

April 10, 2023

• Maintenance and Cleaning of all fugitive emission sources like Doors, Lid, AP Covers, Levelling doors, Valves

• Use of Air-cooled self-sealing doors, hydrojet cleaning system for doors, mechanical cleaning system for door frames

• Use of hermetically sealed charging sleeves and screw feeders in charging car to reduce charging emission and provision for magnetic lid lifter

• Good management practices to achieve steady state operation to avoid green pushing, and computerized controlled battery heating and automation system is essential for all the coke ovens to improve coke quality and reduce energy consumption in coke making

• Adoption of Smokeless Charging system

• Adoption of Coke Dry Quenching (CDQ) system

• Adoption of non-recovery coke making process

• Reduction of coke charge in BF by Pulverised Coal Injection (PCI)

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Sinter Plant

April 10, 2023

Potential source of Dioxin and Furans due to presence of oil content, Chlorinated compounds, organic carbon, chlorides ions in waste materials like mill scale, dust and sludge from APCEs ETP etc. and conducive temperature and process operation environment.

• Adoption of partial or total recirculation of waste gas in the sinter plant may reduce pressure on end-of pipe treatment

• Use of hybrid ESP (ESP cum fabric filter) and high pressure wet scrubbing system for waste gas de-dusting

• Use of clean scrap, additional burnt lime and control of mill scale oil content

• Adoption of fine feed materials (dust) in agglomerated forms

• Use of oxygen to ensure complete combustion

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Sinter Plant

April 10, 2023

• Existing sintering and pelletisation capacity in the country is not sufficient to make full use of the fines and concentrates being generated

• Indian steel producers to make larger use of fines and concentrates instead of being over dependent on lumps

• Pellet sintering technology, which combines pelletisation and sintering process holds promise to take care of the availability of finer grade iron ore fines

• Energy saving measures like increased use of multi slit burners, “proper MgO addition’ etc. needs to be adopted by all to make them more energy efficient

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Blast Furnace

April 10, 2023

• Up-gradation of cast house equipment, implementation of pollution control devices for tap holes, runners, skimmers, ladle charging points to meet the stipulated norms

• Adoption of cast house slag granulation system for 100% granulation of slag and reduction of water consumption

• Use of BF slag as resources in Cement making, civil engineering, road construction

• Incorporation of technologies for injecting pulverized coal (+200 kg/thm), used oil (100 kg/thm), Natural gas (100 kg/thm)

• Use of tar free runner lining, reducing agent such as waste plastics granules injection for reducing coke requirement and resource conservation

• Technologies to be adopted for cost effectiveness, energy savings and reduction in pollution loadTop Gas Recovery Turbine, Use of waste heat stove gas for preheating of gas, High efficiency stoves

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BOF Process

April 10, 2023

• Efficient use of primary control system for flue gas including venturi scrubbers with or without complete combustion

• Use of secondary control system to capture off-gas escaping from BOF process

• Encapsulation of metal pouring lines with extractors

• Control of emission from hot metal pre-heating, desulphurization and de-slaging process and charging emission

• Recovery of metallic waste from SMS slag for reuse as resources by installing waste recycling plants

• Use of SMS slag as rail ballast, road making, civil engineering works

• Reuse of dust and slag from APCEs by adopting pressing, drying and granulation in palletisation plants

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EAF Process

April 10, 2023

• Use of direct off-gas extraction and canopy hood enclosure followed by adequate and effective APCEs for Flue gas de-dusting system and reuse of high content dust/sludge

• Refurbishment and satisfactory operation and maintenance of installed APCEs to meet stipulated norms at all medium and small size furnaces

• Post combustion of off gas to achieve 1200°C with adequate residence time followed by quick cooling of gas and de-dusting through bag filter primed with absorbents (Lime or Carbon) to capture volatile impurities and control formation of PCDD/F

• Secured land filling of EAF slag considering local topography and geographical condition

• Reuse of dust from APCEs by adopting pressing, drying and granulation in palletisation plants

• Cleaning of galvanized scrap before using in EAF to control Zn emission

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General

April 10, 2023 14

• Environmental monitoring activities based on direct or indirect indicators of emissions, effluents, and resource use applicable to particular industry

• Continuous On-line monitoring system for emission and discharge needs to be adopted for better transparency

• Monitoring frequency to provide representative data for the parameter being monitored and compared with operating standards for corrective measures

• Dedicated and skillful team of resources to handle environment issues

• Replacement of obsolete and high energy intensive process and equipments with less energy intensive ones

• Programs for addressing pollution load due to associated activities

• Needs for more innovative in-house exploration for reuse and recycle of waste products

Committed for Clean Environment

Iron & Steel

April 10, 2023 15Committed for Clean Environment

Legislations

April 10, 2023

The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution ) Act, 1974

The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution ) Act, 1981

The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986

The Hazardous Waste (Management, Handling, & Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2008 and amendments thereafter

Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemical Rules, 1989 Biomedical (Management & Handling) Rules 1998 Chemical Accidents (Emergency Planning, Preparedness and Response)

Rules, 1996 The Ozone Depleting Substance (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 The Batteries (Management and Handling) Rules, 2001

Public Liability Insurance Acts, 1991

Stipulated Regulatory Norms www.moef.nic.in or www. cpcb.nic.in

Corporate Responsibility on Environmental Protect Commitments from IISI

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Iron & Steel

April 10, 2023 17Committed for Clean Environment

CREP Commitments

April 10, 2023

COKE OVEN

COMMITMENTS STATUS

To meet fugitive emission norms by all operating coke ovens by December 2005

Compliance by all are yet to be achieved

To rebuild at least 40% of the coke oven batteries in next 10 Years (December 2012)

Partially achieved by some industry

Charge of tar sludge / ETP sludge to Coke Oven by June 2003

Complied

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CREP Commitments

April 10, 2023

STEEL MELTING SHOP

COMMITMENTS STATUS

Fugitive Emission reduction by 30 % (March 2004)

Installation of Secondary de-dusting facility (March 2008)

Not achieved

Utilisation of Slag By 2004 - 70%By 2006 - 80%By 2007 - 100%

Partially achieved by some industry

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CREP Commitments

April 10, 2023

BLAST FURNACE

COMMITMENTS STATUS

Direct Injection of Reducing agents (June 2013)

Progress has been made

Energy recovery from top BF gas No significant progress

Use of Tar free runner liners Few are yet to adopt especially to smaller units

De-dusting of Cast house at tap holes, runners, skimmers ladle and charging points

No installation so far

Suppression of fugitive emission using nitrogen gas or other gases

No satisfactory progress

100% BF slag granulation facilities Not achieved by many industry

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CREP Commitments

April 10, 2023

COMMITMENTS STATUS

To reduce specific water consumption to 5 m3/t of long products and 8 m3/t of flat products by December 2005

Satisfactory progress made

Better CO-BP ETP to meet the notified standards by July 2003

Except cyanide all parameters are within norms

Installation of Continuous Stack Monitoring System and Ambient Air quality monitoring station by June 2005

Not complied

Set targets for Resource Conservation such as Raw material, Energy and Water Consumption to match International Benchmark

Unsatisfactorily reporting practiced

Engage environmental professional with adequate knowledge and skill to manage Environment Management responsibilities

Unsatisfactory improvement

To improve overall housekeeping Significant scope of improvement prevail

GENERAL

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Iron & Steel

April 10, 2023 22Committed for Clean Environment

General

April 10, 2023

• Steel - by itself is one of the most eco-friendly of all materials, invented by Man.

• By adopting Improved process and pollution control technology, their satisfactorily practices of PCE operation and Environmental Management approach and policies have addressed substantially in advance steel making countries like Japan, Germany, South Korea.

• In India most of the causes of higher pollution are attributed to usage of old technologies, various constraint in retrofitting and implementation of pollution control and poor environmental management practices besides inherent raw material constraints

• Lack of dedicated team efforts comprising professionally trained manpower for handling of complex environmental issues associated with iron & steel sector is another major bottleneck in achieving the desired objective.

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Challenges

April 10, 2023

• Co-processing of suitable waste material from other sector as alternate fuel or reducing agents like Plastic and Incinerable hazardous waste in various high temperature processes

• Harmonizing energy and raw material consumption with international benchmarks

• Incorporation of effective GHG reduction and measures for Environmental Management at project development stage

• Achieving Zero discharge by adopting sustainable and cleaner technologies

• Framework to achieve 33% Green Belt Cover and Rain Water Harvesting system aggressively

• Exploring scope for better utilisation of slag as resource instead of dumping as landfill suitable in India condition

• Develop cost effective small capacity pellet plants (in lakhs tons) to utilize fine iron ore for resource conservation and pollution reduction

• Target based approach to reduce waste generation and pollutant emission

• Community reporting of Performance and Monitoring of Environmental Indicators

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THANK YOU

YES - With INTENT & DELIVERABLE APPROACH WE Can achieve THE DESIRED GOALS